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  • Component based design, but components rely on eatchother

    - by MintyAnt
    I've begun stabbing at a "Component Based" game system. Basically, each entity holds a list of components to update (and render) I inherit the "Component" class and break each game system into it. Examples: RenderComponent - Draws the entity MovementComponent - Moves the entity, deals with velocity and speed checks DamageComponent - Deals with how/if the entity gets damaged... So. My system has this: MovementComponent InputComponent Now maybe my design is off, but the InputComponent should say things like if (w key is down) add y speed to movement if (x key is down) Trigger primary attack This means that the InputComponent sort of relies on these other components. I have to do something alone the lines of: if (w key is down) { MovementComponent* entityMovement = mEntity->GetMovement(); if (entityMovement != NULL) add y speed to movement } which seems kinda crappy every update. Other options? Better design? Is this the best way? Thanks!

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  • Resolving bounding box collision detection

    - by ndg
    I'm working on a simple collision detection and resolution method for a 2d tile-based bounding box system. Collision appears to work correctly, but I'm having issues with resolving a collision after it has happened. Essentially what I'm attempting to do is very similar to this approach. The problem I'm experiencing is that because objects can be traveling with both horizontal and vertical velocity, my resolution code causes the object to jump incorrectly. I've drawn the following annotation to explain my issue. In this example, because my object has both horizontal and vertical velocity, my object (which is heading upwards and collides with the bottom of a tile) has it's position altered twice: To correctly adjust it's vertical position to be beneath the tile. To incorrectly adjust it's horizontal position to be to the left of the tile. Below is my collision/resolution code in full: function intersects(x1, y1, w1, h1, x2, y2, w2, h2) { w2 += x2; w1 += x1; if (x2 > w1 || x1 > w2) return false; h2 += y2; h1 += y1; if (y2 > h1 || y1 > h2) return false; return true; } for(var y = 0; y < this.game.level.tiles.length; y++) { for(var x = 0; x < this.game.level.tiles[y].length; x++) { var tile = this.game.level.getTile(x, y); if(tile) { if( this.velocity.x > 0 && intersects(this.position.x+dx+this.size.w, this.position.y+dy, 1, this.size.h, x*tileSize, y*tileSize, tileSize, tileSize) ) { this.position.x = ((x*tileSize)-this.size.w); hitSomething = true; break; } else if( this.velocity.x < 0 && intersects(this.position.x+dx, this.position.y+dy, 1, this.size.h, x*tileSize, y*tileSize, tileSize, tileSize) ) { this.position.x = ((x*tileSize)+tileSize); hitSomething = true; break; } if( this.velocity.y > 0 && intersects(this.position.x+dx, this.position.y+dy+this.size.h, this.size.w, 1, x*tileSize, y*tileSize, tileSize, tileSize) ) { this.position.y = ((y*tileSize)-this.size.h); hitSomething = true; break; } else if( this.velocity.y < 0 && intersects(this.position.x+dx, this.position.y+dy, this.size.w, 1, x*tileSize, y*tileSize, tileSize, tileSize) ) { this.position.y = ((y*tileSize)+tileSize); hitSomething = true; break; } } } } if(hitSomething) { this.velocity.x = this.velocity.y = 0; dx = dy = 0; this.setJumping(false); }

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  • LWJGL GL_QUADS texture artifact

    - by Dajgoro Labinac
    I managed to get working lwjgl in Java, and i loaded a test image(tv test card), but i keep getting weird artifacts outside the image. Image link: http://tinypic.com/r/vhv9g/6 Code: glBegin(GL_QUADS); glTexCoord2f(0, 0); glVertex2i(10, 10); glTexCoord2f(1, 0); glVertex2i(500, 10); glTexCoord2f(1, 1); glVertex2i(500, 500); glTexCoord2f(0, 1); glVertex2i(10, 500); glEnd(); What could be the cause?

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  • Recommended formats to store bitmaps in memory?

    - by Geotarget
    I'm working with general purpose image rendering, and high-performance image processing, and so I need to know how to store bitmaps in-memory. (24bpp/32bpp, compressed/raw, etc) I'm not working with 3D graphics or DirectX / OpenGL rendering and so I don't need to use graphics card compatible bitmap formats. My questions: What is the "usual" or "normal" way to store bitmaps in memory? (in C++ engines/projects?) How to store bitmaps for high-performance algorithms, such that read/write times are the fastest? (fixed array? with/without padding? 24-bpp or 32-bpp?) How to store bitmaps for applications handling a lot of bitmap data, to minimize memory usage? (JPEG? or a faster [de]compression algorithm?) Some possible methods: Use a fixed packed 24-bpp or 32-bpp int[] array and simply access pixels using pointer access, all pixels are allocated in one continuous memory chunk (could be 1-10 MB) Use a form of "sparse" data storage so each line of the bitmap is allocated separately, reusing more memory and requiring smaller contiguous memory segments Store bitmaps in its compressed form (PNG, JPG, GIF, etc) and unpack only when its needed, reducing the amount of memory used. Delete the unpacked data if its not used for 10 secs.

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  • Blending effect on textures

    - by joecks
    Hi i am trying to build screen animation like flickering, interlace, color separation similar to old style malfunctioning Amiga screens. The intended effects are shown in this video. I am using libgdx and I already discovered the universal tween engine, which helps a lot to build transitional animations, but how should I approach those blending effects, any suggestions? I will specify my question once I learned more about libgdx, but maybe you could give me some hints already. Thanks!

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  • Building dynamic bounding box hierachies.

    - by adivasile
    I've been reading about collision detection and I saw that the first part was a coarse detection which generates possible contacts using bounding box hierarchies. I understand the concept of splitting up your objects in groups, to speed up the detection phase, but I'm a little confused on how do you actually build the hierachy, more so on what criteria is used to group them together. Do I iterate through all the objects in the scene, and check the distance between them to see where they should be inserted in the tree? Do you know some resources that may shed some light on this topic for me?

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  • Channelling an explosion along a narrow passage

    - by finnw
    I am simulating explosions in a 2D maze game. If an explosion occurs in an open area, it covers a circular region (this is the easy bit.) However if an explosion occurs in a narrow passage (i.e narrower than the blast range) then it should be "compressed", so that it goes further and also it should go around corners. Ultimately, unless it is completely boxed-in, then it should cover a constant number of pixels, spreading in whatever direction is necessary to reach this total area. I have tried using a shortest-path algorithm to pick the nearest N pixels to the origin avoiding walls, but the effect is exaggerated - the blast travels around corners too easily, making U-turns even when there is a clear path in another direction. I don't know whether this is realistic or not but it is counter-intuitive to players who assume that they can hide around a corner and the blast will take the path of least resistance in a different direction. Is there a well-known (and fast) algorithm for this?

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  • What are good ways to find collaborators for a coding weekend?

    - by tarrasch
    Not sure if this belongs here, feel free to push it somewhere else if needed. When i was at university we would sometimes come together into a room full of beer and fast food and crank out software in a weekend. Unfortunately the group has kind of split up and its just not possible any more. My question is now: Where can i find like-minded people on the Internet that would like to do something like this? I have an idea what i wanted to do next, but of course other people have ideas too.

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  • What library for octrees or kd-trees?

    - by Will
    Are there any robust performant libraries for indexing objects? It would need frustum culling and visiting objects hit by a ray as well as neighbourhood searches. I can find lots of articles showing the math for the component parts, often as algebra rather than simple C, but nothing that puts it all together (apart from perhaps Ogre, which has rather more involved and isn't so stand-alone). Surely hobby game makers don't all have to make their own octrees? (Python or C/C++ w/bindings preferred)

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  • Calculating the correct particle angle in an outwards explosion

    - by Sun
    I'm creating a simple particle explosion but am stuck in finding the correct angle to rotate my particle. The effect I'm going for is similar to this: Where each particle is going outwards from the point of origin and at the correct angle. This is what I currently have: As you can see, each particle is facing the same angle, but I'm having a little difficulty figuring out the correct angle. I have the vector for the point of emission and the new vector for each particle, how can I use this to calculate the angle? Some code for reference: private Particle CreateParticle() { ... Vector2 velocity = new Vector2(2.0f * (float)(random.NextDouble() * 2 - 1), 2.0f * (float)(random.NextDouble() * 2 - 1)); direction = velocity - ParticleLocation; float angle = (float)Math.Atan2(direction.Y, direction.X); ... return new Particle(texture, position, velocity, angle, angularVelocity, color, size, ttl, EmitterLocation); } I am then using the angle created as so in my particles Draw method: spriteBatch.Draw(Texture, Position, null, Color, Angle, origin, Size, SpriteEffects.None, 0f);

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  • Why doesn't light continuous on my model?

    - by nosferat
    I created a basic textured cube model with Blender to practice modeling, and then I imported it into Unity. After I put up some lighting it looks pretty ugly. The light is not continuous on a row of textured cubes: What is more odd, the light on the blocks that makes up the floor is continuous. What am I doing wrong? UPDATE This is how it looks like without textures: https://dl.dropbox.com/u/45620018/without%20textures.PNG If I would not know that these are perfect cubes, I'd say there is a slight curve on surface. I also tried lightening the texture but it also didn't help: https://dl.dropbox.com/u/45620018/lighter%20texture.PNG I just simply exported the model from Blender and did not set up any normals or things like that. However I also did not do any special woth the floor brick model.

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  • Is Unity's Random seeded automatically?

    - by Lohoris
    I seem to recall Unity's Random is automatically seeded; checking the documentation it doesn't say it outright, but a certain interpretation of their words might seem to imply it. The seed is normally set from some arbitrary value like the system clock before the random number functions are used. This prevents the same run of values from occurring each time a game is played and thus avoids predictable gameplay. However, it is sometimes useful to produce the same run of pseudo-random values on demand by setting the seed yourself. (emphasis added)

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  • Point in Polygon, Ray Method: ending infinite line

    - by user2878528
    Having a bit of trouble with point in polygon collision detection using the ray method i.e. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_in_polygon My problem is I need to give an end to the infinite line created. As with this infinite line I always get an even number of intersections and hence an invalid result. i.e. ignore or intersection to the right of the point being checked what I have what I want My current code based of Mecki awesome response for (int side = 0; side < vertices.Length; side++) { // Test if current side intersects with ray. // create infinite line // See: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_equation a = end_point.Y - start_point.Y; b = start_point.X - end_point.X; c = end_point.X * start_point.Y - start_point.X * end_point.Y; //insert points of vector d2 = a * vertices[side].Position.X + b * vertices[side].Position.Y + c; if (side - 1 < 0) d1 = a * vertices[vertices.Length - 1].Position.X + b * vertices[vertices.Length - 1].Position.Y + c; else d1 = a * vertices[side-1].Position.X + b * vertices[side-1].Position.Y + c; // If points have opposite sides, intersections++; if (d1 > 0 && d2 < 0 ) intersections++; if (d1 < 0 && d2 > 0 ) intersections++; } //if intersections odd inside = true if ((intersections % 2) == 1) inside = true; else inside = false;

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  • Any advice for dynamic music control?

    - by Assembler
    I would like to be able to dynamically progress the score, and affect the volume levels of separate channels within the music. How could I do this? From my experience with mod music (olden days Amiga music, Mod Tracker, Scream Tracker, Fast Tracker II, Impulse Tracker etc etc), I believe this is the best way to tackle the problem, to allow the music to move from one loop to another, without anything mixed down. I want to do this in AS3, and am considering pulling apart Flod to make this happen

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  • glTranslate, how exactly does it work?

    - by mykk
    I have some trouble understanding how does glTranslate work. At first I thought it would just simply add values to axis to do the transformation. However then I have created two objects that would load bitmaps, one has matrix set to GL_TEXTURE: public class Background { float[] vertices = new float[] { 0f, -1f, 0.0f, 4f, -1f, 0.0f, 0f, 1f, 0.0f, 4f, 1f, 0.0f }; .... private float backgroundScrolled = 0; public void scrollBackground(GL10 gl) { gl.glLoadIdentity(); gl.glMatrixMode(GL10.GL_MODELVIEW); gl.glTranslatef(0f, 0f, 0f); gl.glPushMatrix(); gl.glLoadIdentity(); gl.glMatrixMode(GL10.GL_TEXTURE); gl.glTranslatef(backgroundScrolled, 0.0f, 0.0f); gl.glPushMatrix(); this.draw(gl); gl.glPopMatrix(); backgroundScrolled += 0.01f; gl.glLoadIdentity(); } } and another to GL_MODELVIEW: public class Box { float[] vertices = new float[] { 0.5f, 0f, 0.0f, 1f, 0f, 0.0f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 1f, 0.5f, 0.0f }; .... private float boxScrolled = 0; public void scrollBackground(GL10 gl) { gl.glMatrixMode(GL10.GL_MODELVIEW); gl.glLoadIdentity(); gl.glTranslatef(0f, 0f, 0f); gl.glPushMatrix(); gl.glMatrixMode(GL10.GL_MODELVIEW); gl.glLoadIdentity(); gl.glTranslatef(boxScrolled, 0.0f, 0.0f); gl.glPushMatrix(); this.draw(gl); gl.glPopMatrix(); boxScrolled+= 0.01f; gl.glLoadIdentity(); } } Now they are both drawn in Renderer.OnDraw. However background moves exactly 5 times faster. If I multiply boxScrolled by 5 they will be in sinc and will move together. If I modify backgrounds vertices to be float[] vertices = new float[] { 1f, -1f, 0.0f, 0f, -1f, 0.0f, 1f, 1f, 0.0f, 0f, 1f, 0.0f }; It will also be in sinc with the box. So, what is going under glTranslate?

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  • Mesh with Alpha Texture doesn't blend properly

    - by faulty
    I've followed example from various place regarding setting OutputMerger's BlendState to enable alpha/transparent texture on mesh. The setup is as follows: var transParentOp = new BlendStateDescription { SourceBlend = BlendOption.SourceAlpha, DestinationBlend = BlendOption.InverseDestinationAlpha, BlendOperation = BlendOperation.Add, SourceAlphaBlend = BlendOption.Zero, DestinationAlphaBlend = BlendOption.Zero, AlphaBlendOperation = BlendOperation.Add, }; I've made up a sample that display 3 mesh A, B and C, where each overlaps one another. They are drawn sequentially, A to C. Distance from camera where A is nearest and C is furthest. So, the expected output is that A see through and saw part of B and C. B will see through and saw part of C. But what I get was none of them see through in that order, but if I move C closer to the camera, then it will be semi transparent and see through A and B. B if move closer to camera will see A but not C. Sort of reverse. So it seems that I need to draw them in reverse order where furthest from camera is drawn first then nearest to camera is drawn last. Is it suppose to be done this way, or I can actually configure the blendstate so it works no matter in which order i draw them? Thanks

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  • How to implement behavior in a component-based game architecture?

    - by ghostonline
    I am starting to implement player and enemy AI in a game, but I am confused about how to best implement this in a component-based game architecture. Say I have a following player character that can be stationary, running and swinging a sword. A player can transit to the swing sword state from both the stationary and running state, but then the swing must be completed before the player can resume standing or running around. During the swing, the player cannot walk around. As I see it, I have two implementation approaches: Create a single AI-component containing all player logic (either decoupled from the actual component or embedded as a PlayerAIComponent). I can easily how to enforce the state restrictions without creating coupling between individual components making up the player entity. However, the AI-component cannot be broken up. If I have, for example, an enemy that can only stand and walk around or only walks around and occasionally swing a sword, I have to create new AI-components. Break the behavior up in components, each identifying a specific state. I then get a StandComponent, WalkComponent and SwingComponent. To enforce the transition rules, I have to couple each component. SwingComponent must disable StandComponent and WalkComponent for the duration of the swing. When I have an enemy that only stands around, swinging a sword occasionally, I have to make sure SwingComponent only disables WalkComponent if it is present. Although this allows for better mix-and-matching components, it can lead to a maintainability nightmare as each time a dependency is added, the existing components must be updated to play nicely with the new requirements the dependency places on the character. The ideal situation would be that a designer can build new enemies/players by dragging components into a container, without having to touch a single line of engine or script code. Although I am not sure script coding can be avoided, I want to keep it as simple as possible. Summing it all up: Should I lob all AI logic into one component or break up each logic state into separate components to create entity variants more easily?

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  • GameStateManagement and inputs not being recognized

    - by Dave Voyles
    EDIT: I've removed a bit of code from the input class to make this more readable, and updated my StartScreen class, which is now at the bottom. I have the same issues though, but they are explained in my comments on the bottom of this page. It won't let me paste my additional code here (the format comes out crazy), so I've linked to pastebin with the code pastebin I've been trying to implement the MS provided GameStateManagement sample with my game, but it has proven a bit difficult. Really, I'm using Oneksoft's Starter Kit, which uses the MS provided sample, so they are identical, except for my splash screen. I'm able to get the splash screen to launch, where it informs the player to press A to advance the screen, but this doesn't seem to accept any of my inputs. I’ve also added Console.Writeline(“Pressing A”) under the IsMenuPressed method in Input.cs to verify that it is getting called, but for some reason it is constantly spamming my log, rather than just appearing each time I press it. Not sure why this is happening. I have a bit too much code to post it all here, so I’ve attached a link to my .rar with my classes, but I’ll also leave a bit here which I thinkmay be applicable. https://www.dropbox.com/sh/6ek4uru2jc2ch0k/JTeBWN_3PQ What do you guys think the issue is? namespace Pong { public class Input { public const int MaxInputs = 4; public readonly KeyboardState[] CurrentKeyboardState; public readonly GamePadState[] CurrentGamePadState; public KeyboardState[] LastKeyboardState; public GamePadState[] LastGamePadState; public readonly bool[] GamePadWasConnected; public Input() { // Get input state CurrentKeyboardState = new KeyboardState[MaxInputs]; CurrentGamePadState = new GamePadState[MaxInputs]; // Preserving last states to check for isKeyUp events LastKeyboardState = CurrentKeyboardState; LastGamePadState = CurrentGamePadState; } /// <summary> /// Checks for a "menu select" input action. /// The controllingPlayer parameter specifies which player to read input for. /// If this is null, it will accept input from any player. When the action /// is detected, the output playerIndex reports which player pressed it. /// </summary> public bool IsMenuSelect(PlayerIndex? controllingPlayer, out PlayerIndex playerIndex) { Console.WriteLine("Pressing A"); return IsNewKeyPress(Keys.Space, controllingPlayer, out playerIndex) || IsNewKeyPress(Keys.Enter, controllingPlayer, out playerIndex) || IsNewButtonPress(Buttons.A, controllingPlayer, out playerIndex) || IsNewButtonPress(Buttons.Start, controllingPlayer, out playerIndex); } /// <summary> /// Checks for a "menu cancel" input action. /// The controllingPlayer parameter specifies which player to read input for. /// If this is null, it will accept input from any player. When the action /// is detected, the output playerIndex reports which player pressed it. /// </summary> public bool IsMenuCancel(PlayerIndex? controllingPlayer, out PlayerIndex playerIndex) { return IsNewKeyPress(Keys.Escape, controllingPlayer, out playerIndex) || IsNewButtonPress(Buttons.B, controllingPlayer, out playerIndex) || IsNewButtonPress(Buttons.Back, controllingPlayer, out playerIndex); }

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  • a flexible data structure for geometries

    - by AkiRoss
    What data structure would you use to represent meshes that are to be altered (e.g. adding or removing new faces, vertices and edges), and that have to be "studied" in different ways (e.g. finding all the triangles intersecting a certain ray, or finding all the triangles "visible" from a given point in the space)? I need to consider multiple aspects of the mesh: their geometry, their topology and spatial information. The meshes are rather big, say 500k triangles, so I am going to use the GPU when computations are heavy. I tried using arrays with vertices and arrays with indices, but I do not love adding and removing vertices from them. Also, using arrays totally ignore spatial and topological information, which I may need studying the mesh. So, I thought about using custom double-linked list data structures, but I believe doing so will require me to copy the data to array buffers before going on the GPU. I also thought about using BST, but not sure it fits. Any help is appreciated. If I have been too fuzzy and you require other information feel free to ask.

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  • Most supported/easiest to get started gamedev language?

    - by user1009013
    In what language are the most libraries/frameworks (like lwjgl for Java, XNA for C#)? What language is the easiest to start making a game (very easy to get a 3D-environment rendered)? What language has the friendliest learning curve? Say I want to make a game and I don't know any programming languages, I want to develop for any platform(so don't give the answer "the one you know best/the platform you are working on"), then what is the best language to start with. I get this question a lot "I have this and that ideas for a game and want to make it, what language should I use"(mostly asked by beginning programmers), but I don't know how to answer that. The answer "use the one you are most familiar with", because sometimes they don't even know a language yet... I am not asking for someone's personal opinion, but an objective list of what languages are the easiest/most supported/have the most/best libraries/frameworks to get started with gamedevelopment.

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  • enemy behavior with boundary to change direction

    - by BadSniper
    I'm doing space shooter kind of game, the logic is to reflect the enemy if it hits the boundary. With my logic, sometimes enemy behaves like flickering instead of changing the velocity. It's like trapped in the boundary and checking for if loops. This is my code for velocity changing: if(this->enemyPos.x>14) { this->enemyVel.x = -this->enemyVel.x; } if(this->enemyPos.x<-14) { this->enemyVel.x = -this->enemyVel.x; } How can I get around this? Its going out of boundary and don't know where to go and after sometimes its coming into field. I know whats the problem is, I dont know how to get around this problem.

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  • What is going on in this SAT/vector projection code?

    - by ssb
    I'm looking at the example XNA SAT collision code presented here: http://www.xnadevelopment.com/tutorials/rotatedrectanglecollisions/rotatedrectanglecollisions.shtml See the following code: private int GenerateScalar(Vector2 theRectangleCorner, Vector2 theAxis) { //Using the formula for Vector projection. Take the corner being passed in //and project it onto the given Axis float aNumerator = (theRectangleCorner.X * theAxis.X) + (theRectangleCorner.Y * theAxis.Y); float aDenominator = (theAxis.X * theAxis.X) + (theAxis.Y * theAxis.Y); float aDivisionResult = aNumerator / aDenominator; Vector2 aCornerProjected = new Vector2(aDivisionResult * theAxis.X, aDivisionResult * theAxis.Y); //Now that we have our projected Vector, calculate a scalar of that projection //that can be used to more easily do comparisons float aScalar = (theAxis.X * aCornerProjected.X) + (theAxis.Y * aCornerProjected.Y); return (int)aScalar; } I think the problems I'm having with this come mostly from translating physics concepts into data structures. For example, earlier in the code there is a calculation of the axes to be used, and these are stored as Vector2, and they are found by subtracting one point from another, however these points are also stored as Vector2s. So are the axes being stored as slopes in a single Vector2? Next, what exactly does the Vector2 produced by the vector projection code represent? That is, I know it represents the projected vector, but as it pertains to a Vector2, what does this represent? A point on a line? Finally, what does the scalar at the end actually represent? It's fine to tell me that you're getting a scalar value of the projected vector, but none of the information I can find online seems to tell me about a scalar of a vector as it's used in this context. I don't see angles or magnitudes with these vectors so I'm a little disoriented when it comes to thinking in terms of physics. If this final scalar calculation is just a dot product, how is that directly applicable to SAT from here on? Is this what I use to calculate maximum/minimum values for overlap? I guess I'm just having trouble figuring out exactly what the dot product is representing in this particular context. Clearly I'm not quite up to date on my elementary physics, but any explanations would be greatly appreciated.

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  • Abstract skill/talent system implementation

    - by kiliki
    I've been making small 2D games for about 3 years now (XNA and more recently LWJGL/Slick2D). My latest idea would involve some form of "talent tree" system in a real time game. I've been wracking my brain but can't think of a structure to hold a talent. Something like "Your melee attack is an instant kill if behind the target" I'd like to come up with an abstract object rather than putting random conditionals into other methods. I've solved some relatively complex problems before but I don't even know where to begin with this one. Any help would be appreciated - Java, pseudocode or general concepts are all great.

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  • Best practice for organizing/storing character/monster data in an RPG?

    - by eclecto
    Synopsis: Attempting to build a cross-platform RPG app in Adobe Flash Builder and am trying to figure out the best class hierarchy and the best way to store the static data used to build each of the individual "hero" and "monster" types. My programming experience, particularly in AS3, is embarrassingly small. My ultra-alpha method is to include a "_class" object in the constructor for each instance. The _class, in turn, is a static Object pulled from a class created specifically for that purpose, so things look something like this: // Character.as package { public class Character extends Sprite { public var _strength:int; // etc. public function Character(_class:Object) { _strength = _class._strength; // etc. } } } // MonsterClasses.as package { public final class MonsterClasses extends Object { public static const Monster1:Object={ _strength:50, // etc. } // etc. } } // Some other class in which characters/monsters are created. // Create a new instance of Character var myMonster = new Character(MonsterClasses.Monster1); Another option I've toyed with is the idea of making each character class/monster type its own subclass of Character, but I'm not sure if it would be efficient or even make sense considering that these classes would only be used to store variables and would add no new methods. On the other hand, it would make creating instances as simple as var myMonster = new Monster1; and potentially cut down on the overhead of having to read a class containing the data for, at a conservative preliminary estimate, over 150 monsters just to fish out the one monster I want (assuming, and I really have no idea, that such a thing might cause any kind of slowdown in execution). But long story short, I want a system that's both efficient at compile time and easy to work with during coding. Should I stick with what I've got or try a different method? As a subquestion, I'm also assuming here that the best way to store data that will be bundled with the final game and not read externally is simply to declare everything in AS3. Seems to me that if I used, say, XML or JSON I'd have to use the associated AS3 classes and methods to pull in the data, parse it, and convert it to AS3 object(s) anyway, so it would be inefficient. Right?

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  • "LNK2001: unresolved external symbol" when trying to build my program

    - by random
    I get the following error(s) on my program that captures the mouse and then draws a line. Errors: 1>------ Build started: Project: Capture_Mouse_Line, Configuration: Debug Win32 ------ 1> main.cpp 1>main.obj : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "public: static long * Line::yc2" (?yc2@Line@@2PAJA) 1>main.obj : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "public: static long * Line::xc2" (?xc2@Line@@2PAJA) 1>main.obj : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "public: static long * Line::yc1" (?yc1@Line@@2PAJA) 1>main.obj : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "public: static long * Line::xc1" (?xc1@Line@@2PAJA) 1>MSVCRTD.lib(crtexe.obj) : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol _main referenced in function ___tmainCRTStartup 1>D:\Visual C++ Projects\Capture_Mouse_Line\Debug\Capture_Mouse_Line.exe : fatal error LNK1120: 5 unresolved externals ========== Build: 0 succeeded, 1 failed, 0 up-to-date, 0 skipped ========== Here is my code: #include<allegro5\allegro.h> #include<allegro5\allegro_native_dialog.h> #include<allegro5\allegro_primitives.h> #include<Windows.h> #include<allegro5\allegro_windows.h> #ifndef WIDTH #define WIDTH 1440 #endif #ifndef HEIGHT #define HEIGHT 900 #endif class Line { public: static void ErasePreviousLine(); static void DrawLine(long* x, long* y,long* x2,long* y2); static bool Erasable(); static long* xc1; static long* yc1; static long* xc2; static long* yc2; }; void Line::ErasePreviousLine() { delete xc1; xc1 = NULL; delete yc1; yc1 = NULL; delete xc2; xc2 = NULL; delete yc2; yc2 = NULL; } bool Line::Erasable() { if(xc1 && yc1 && xc2 && yc2 == NULL) { return false; } else { return true; } } void Line::DrawLine(long* x,long* y,long* x2,long* y2) { if(!al_init_primitives_addon()) { al_show_native_message_box(NULL,NULL,NULL,"failed to initialize allegro", NULL,NULL); } xc1 = x; yc1 = y; xc2 = x2; yc2 = y2; al_draw_line((float)*xc1, (float)*yc1, (float)*xc2, (float)*yc2,al_map_rgb(255,0,255), 1); delete x; delete y; delete x2; delete y2; } LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam); int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance,HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow) { MSG msg; ALLEGRO_DISPLAY* display = NULL; if(!al_init()) { al_show_native_message_box(NULL,NULL,NULL,"failed to initialize allegro", NULL,NULL); return -1; } display = al_create_display(WIDTH,HEIGHT); if(!display) { al_show_native_message_box(NULL,NULL,NULL,"failed to initialize display", NULL,NULL); return -1; } HWND hwnd = al_get_win_window_handle(display); if(hwnd == NULL) { MessageBox(NULL, "Window Creation Failed!", "Error!", MB_ICONEXCLAMATION | MB_OK); return 0; } ShowWindow(hwnd, nCmdShow); UpdateWindow(hwnd); while(GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0) > 0) { TranslateMessage(&msg); DispatchMessage(&msg); } return msg.wParam; } LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) { static bool bIsCaptured; static POINTS ptsBegin; static POINTS ptsEnd; switch(msg) { case WM_LBUTTONDOWN: SetCapture(hwnd); bIsCaptured = true; ptsBegin = MAKEPOINTS(lParam); return 0; case WM_MOUSEMOVE: if(wParam & MK_LBUTTON) { if(!Line::Erasable()) { return 0; } Line::ErasePreviousLine(); ptsEnd = MAKEPOINTS(lParam); Line::DrawLine(new long(ptsBegin.x),new long(ptsBegin.y),new long(ptsEnd.x),new long(ptsEnd.y)); } break; case WM_LBUTTONUP: bIsCaptured = false; ReleaseCapture(); break; case WM_ACTIVATEAPP: { if(wParam == TRUE) { if(bIsCaptured){ SetCapture(hwnd);} } } break; } return 0; }

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