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  • Denying access to website via htaccess based on http header

    - by neekster
    I've been trying for ages to get this to work and I can't put my finger on it. What I'm trying to do is block access to a site from a number of countries, based on the CF-IPCountry header added by CloudFlare. I figured htaccess was a suitable way to do this. We are running LiteSpeed 4.2.4 on top of DirectAdmin for a control panel. The problem we having is the htaccess rule doesn't seem to do anything. Here's the rule we tried: SetEnvIf CF-IPCountry AU UnwantedCountry=1 Order allow,deny Deny from env=UnwantedCountry Allow from all That makes no difference at all, connections are still accepted. Just to check that the rule was at least being processed, I changed Allow from all to Deny from all, and connections were refused. So it appears to be a problem wit the variable. Here's the relevant headers that come in with the request. Connection: Keep-Alive Accept-Encoding: gzip CF-Connecting-IP: xx.xx.xx.xx CF-IPCountry: AU X-Forwarded-For: xx.xx.xx.xx.xx CF-RAY: c9062956e2d04b6 X-Forwarded-Proto: http CF-Visitor: {"scheme":"http"} Zone-Name: xx.com.au Hopefully someone can help me out, this has been driving me nuts for too long. Thanks

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  • Apache Server Redirect Subdomain to Port

    - by Matt Clark
    I am trying to setup my server with a Minecraft server on a non-standard port with a subdomain redirect, which when navigated to by minecraft will go to its correct port, or if navigated to by a web browser will show a web-page. i.e.: **Minecraft** minecraft.example.com:25565 -> example.com:25465 **Web Browser** minecraft.example.com:80 -> Displays HTML Page I am attempting to do this by using the following VirtualHosts in Apache: Listen 25565 <VirtualHost *:80> ServerAdmin [email protected] ServerName minecraft.example.com DocumentRoot /var/www/example.com/minecraft <Directory /> Options FollowSymLinks AllowOverride None </Directory> <Directory /var/www/example.com/minecraft/> Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews AllowOverride None Order allow,deny allow from all </Directory> </VirtualHost> <VirtualHost *:25565> ServerAdmin [email protected] ServerName minecraft.example.com ProxyPass / http://localhost:25465 retry=1 acquire=3000 timeout=6$ ProxyPassReverse / http://localhost:25465 </VirtualHost> Running this configuration when I browse to minecraft.example.com I am able to see the files in the /var/www/example.com/minecraft/ folder, however if I try and connect in minecraft I get an exception, and in the browser I get a page with the following information: minecraft.example.com:25565 -> Proxy Error The proxy server received an invalid response from an upstream server. The proxy server could not handle the request GET /. Reason: Error reading from remote server Could anybody share some insight on what I may be doing wrong and what the best possible solution would be to fix this? Thanks.

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  • Apache inflate application/ with mod_filter

    - by BGT
    I need to prevent pdf objects from being gzipped. Really, this only needs to take place if the request is from the Mozilla browser (but since I can't get something as seemingly simple as no-gzip for application/pdf, I figure it's wiser to start there). From looking at the apache documentation on mod_filter, I've got the following: <Location /> FilterDeclare gzipDeflate CONTENT_SET FilterDeclare gzipInflate CONTENT_SET FilterProvider gzipDeflate deflate req=User-Agent $Mozilla/ FilterProvider gzipInflate inflate resp=Content-Type $application/ FilterChain +gzipDeflate +gzipInflate </Location> From my testing, the gzipDeflate filter is doing its job and all the pages without the Content-Type starting with application are being gzipped. But, the gzipInflate doesn't seem to be working at all. I've inspected the response in Firebug and verified that the Content-Type being sent down is application/pdf. I'll go ahead and ask a potentially stupid question though: The response's Content-Type header in its entirety read "application/pdf; charset=Windows-1252". Does that make any sort of difference or is $application/ presumably enough to catch that? Any help is greatly appreciated. One other point, the URL that returns the pdf object does not have the .pdf extension. The pdf itself is stored in an Oracle database as a blob and appended to the page when appropriate (all the urls in the system use the same baseline). This was part of an original inquiry by a helpful member at stackoverflow who pointed me towards mod_filter and suggested I post the question here.

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  • 'Bug in Mailman version 2.1.12'

    - by davorg
    I'm working on setting up a server running Plesk 10.4.4 Update #13 on Centos 6.2. I've configured Mailman and now I want to set up some mailing lists. I've created a list in the Plesk control panel, but when I try to administer the new list (by visiting http://lists.[domain].com/mailman/admin/[listname] I see the following error: Bug in Mailman version 2.1.12 We're sorry, we hit a bug! Please inform the webmaster for this site of this problem. Printing of traceback and other system information has been explicitly inhibited, but the webmaster can find this information in the Mailman error logs. I see exactly the same error if I try to go to the list info page at http://lists.[domain].com/mailman/listinfo/[listname]. I would follow the instructions and look in the error logs, but I can't find them. I would expect to find a file at /var/log/mailman/error, but there's nothing there. My test list seems to work correctly. It sends all the expected email. It's just the web pages for the list that seem to be broken. Has anyone else seen this? Any suggestions for tracking down and fixing the problem? p.s. I think I've chosen the correct Stack Exchange site, but it this question would be better asked elsewhere, please let me know. Update: I got to the bottom of this, so I'm documenting the answer in case anyone else has the same problem. The fact that I couldn't find the error log was the clue. The problem was that the Mailman process didn't have permissions to create an error log. And it seems that if Mailman can't create an error log then it will respond to any web request with this error page. Creating an error log file (in /var/log/mailman/error) and giving it the correct permissions fixed the problem.

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  • Nginx proxy to IIS Connection Timeout

    - by MitMaro
    I am having an issue with random timeouts with a Nginx proxy connecting to an IIS machine. I have been watching a packet capture between the two servers and it seems that the IIS machine is receiving a SYN packet but is not responding with what I think should be an ACK response. Before the timeout occurs there seems to be a slower response from the IIS server. There is no unusual memory or processor usage on the IIS or Nginx machine. Some information on the servers and setup: Nginx Machine: Ubuntu 10.04 64bit Nginx 0.7.65 Amazon EC2 Windows Machine: Windows Server 2008 IIS 7 ASP.net Application in Integrated Mode Nginx Error: 2011/01/10 17:57:40 [error] 8297#0: *30 connect() failed (110: Connection timed out) while connecting to upstream, client: 209.***.***.***, server: secure.example.com, request: "GET /a/path/deliver.aspx HTTP/1.1", upstream: "http://***.***.***.****:****//another/path/deliver.aspx", host: "secure.example.com" WireShark Packets 6521.449528 10.***.***.*** -> 174.***.***.*** TCP 38695 > us-cli [SYN] Seq=0 Win=5840 Len=0 MSS=1460 TSV=477422103 TSER=0 WS=7 6524.443239 10.***.***.*** -> 174.***.***.*** TCP 38695 > us-cli [SYN] Seq=0 Win=5840 Len=0 MSS=1460 TSV=477422403 TSER=0 WS=7 6530.443241 10.***.***.*** -> 174.***.***.*** TCP 38695 > us-cli [SYN] Seq=0 Win=5840 Len=0 MSS=1460 TSV=477423003 TSER=0 WS=7

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  • Protect all XML-RPC calls with HTTP basic auth but one

    - by bodom_lx
    I set up a Django project for smartphone serving XML-RPC methods over HTTPS and using basic auth. All XML-RPC methods require username and password. I would like to implement a XML-RPC method to provide registration to the system. Obviously, this method should not require username and password. The following is the Apache conf section responsible for basic auth: <Location /RPC2> AuthType Basic AuthName "Login Required" Require valid-user AuthBasicProvider wsgi WSGIAuthUserScript /path/to/auth.wsgi </Location> This is my auth.wsgi: import os import sys sys.stdout = sys.stderr sys.path.append('/path/to/project') os.environ['DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE'] = 'project.settings' from django.contrib.auth.models import User from django import db def check_password(environ, user, password): """ Authenticates apache/mod_wsgi against Django's auth database. """ db.reset_queries() kwargs = {'username': user, 'is_active': True} try: # checks that the username is valid try: user = User.objects.get(**kwargs) except User.DoesNotExist: return None # verifies that the password is valid for the user if user.check_password(password): return True else: return False finally: db.connection.close() There are two dirty ways to achieve my aim with current situation: Have a dummy username/password to be used when trying to register to the system Have a separate Django/XML-RPC application on another URL (ie: /register) that is not protected by basic auth Both of them are very ugly, as I would also like to define a standard protocol to be used for services like mine (it's an open Dynamic Ridesharing Architecture) Is there a way to unprotect a single XML-RPC call (ie. a defined POST request) even if all XML-RPC calls over /RPC2 are protected?

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  • Dropped WD External Harddisk, now it's shown as "Not initialized"

    - by Phelios
    So, the WD my passport external harddisk is dropped, and after that, the computer is unable to read it anymore. I was hopping if I can just find another case to try if the harddisk is still readable, but looks like the hard drive itself is not a normal SATA or PATA drive. I think it's modified. So, I can't find another case that I can try on. In the computer, I still can see the drive in the "Disk Management", but it's shown as Uninitialized, no size, and no drive letter. I've also tried a couple of recovery tools. Some can't detect at all, there is one (find and mount software) that can detect but shows 0 size. None of them can recover the data. WD is willing to replace it with a new one, but I still need to recover the data. Any way I can recover the data? UPDATE: I tried initialized it from the windows Disk Manager, but it give error "The request could not be performed because of an I/O device error."

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  • Server not accepting uploads

    - by Tatu Ulmanen
    I'm having a strange problem with my VPS: I can download files from it, I can use PuTTy to connect to it and all behaves normally. But sometimes, when I try to upload a file to the server or save a file via SFTP, the connection inexplicably fails. I am using jEdit to edit files remotely via SFTP. When it works, it works fine. When it doesn't, I get an error message: Cannot save: java.io.IOException: inputstream is closed Cannot save: java.io.IOException: 4: I can see that a temporary save file (#file.php#save#) is created on the server with a filesize of 0. So the connection works, but when it comes to sending the actual data, something fails. The same thing with WinSCP, but the error is different: Copying file fatally failed. Copying files to remote side failed. And I can always browse the server with PuTTy without a problem. I see nothing abnormal in any log files. Auth.log shows this when I try to save: sshd[32638]: Accepted password for - from - port 62272 ssh2 sshd[32638]: pam_unix(sshd:session): session opened for user - by (uid=0) sshd[32640]: subsystem request for sftp sshd[32638]: pam_unix(sshd:session): session closed for user - When I wait for a while (say, an hour), everything works fine again. It can't be a temporary ban, as I am still allowed to connect to the server, right? I know this may not be enough info to solve the problem, but I am grateful for any clues or bits of information that might help me. What are the possible causes for this kind of behaviour, what log files can I check for clues etc.. I'm running out of ideas!

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  • nginx- Rewrite URL with Trailing Slash

    - by Bryan
    I have a specialized set of rewrite rules to accommodate a mutli site cms setup. I am trying to have nginx force a trailing slash on the request URL. I would like it to redirect requests for domain.com/some-random-article to domain.com/some-random-article/ I know there are semantic considerations with this, but I would like to do it for SEO purposes. Here is my current server config. server { listen 80; server_name domain.com mirror.domain.com; root /rails_apps/master/public; passenger_enabled on; # Redirect from www to non-www if ($host = 'domain.com' ) { rewrite ^/(.*)$ http://www.domain.com/$1 permanent; } location /assets/ { expires 1y; rewrite ^/assets/(.*)$ /assets/$http_host/$1 break; } # / -> index.html if (-f $document_root/cache/$host$uri/index.html) { rewrite (.*) /cache/$host$1/index.html break; } # /about -> /about.html if (-f $document_root/cache/$host$uri.html) { rewrite (.*) /cache/$host$1.html break; } # other files if (-f $document_root/cache/$host$uri) { rewrite (.*) /cache/$host$1 break; } } How would I modify this to add the trailing slash? I would assume there has to be a check for the slash so that you don't end up with domain.com/some-random-article//

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  • Unable to connect via NetBIOS Name

    - by grom
    I can't connect to machines/shares by NetBIOS names. Below is console output showing the problem. C:\>nbtstat -n Local Area Connection: Node IpAddress: [192.168.1.100] Scope Id: [] NetBIOS Local Name Table Name Type Status --------------------------------------------- BEAST <00> UNIQUE Registered WORKGROUP <00> GROUP Registered BEAST <20> UNIQUE Registered WORKGROUP <1E> GROUP Registered WORKGROUP <1D> UNIQUE Registered ..__MSBROWSE__.<01> GROUP Registered C:\>nbtstat -A 192.168.1.3 Local Area Connection: Node IpAddress: [192.168.1.100] Scope Id: [] NetBIOS Remote Machine Name Table Name Type Status --------------------------------------------- BRCLAPTOP <00> UNIQUE Registered WORKGROUP <00> GROUP Registered BRCLAPTOP <20> UNIQUE Registered WORKGROUP <1E> GROUP Registered MAC Address = 00-1C-BF-14-B8-6E C:\>ping beast Pinging beast [fe80::59b8:179f:b90b:a63f%11] with 32 bytes of data: Reply from fe80::59b8:179f:b90b:a63f%11: time<1ms Reply from fe80::59b8:179f:b90b:a63f%11: time<1ms Reply from fe80::59b8:179f:b90b:a63f%11: time<1ms Reply from fe80::59b8:179f:b90b:a63f%11: time<1ms Ping statistics for fe80::59b8:179f:b90b:a63f%11: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss), Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0ms C:\>ping brclaptop Ping request could not find host brclaptop. Please check the name and try again. C:\>nbtstat -a brclaptop Local Area Connection: Node IpAddress: [192.168.1.100] Scope Id: [] Host not found.

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  • SSH Interactive mode not working

    - by Ekin Koc
    I have a Debian based linux server running for a year or so, without any problems. A couple of days ago, ssh interactive mode stopped working for no reason. I mean, I can open an ssh connection just fine, the server greets me with shell but I just can't type anything. However, if I send commands like this: ssh [email protected] cat /var/log/messages, I get the response. I dug through several logs and found one message, which feels remotely relevant to the problem; sh kernel: [10222733.062511] ------------[ cut here ]------------ sh kernel: [10222733.062522] WARNING: at /build/buildd-linux-2.6_2.6.32-39-amd64-7yVIH2/linux-2.6-2.6.32/debian/build/source_amd64_none/drivers/char/tty_ldisc.c:738 tty_ldisc_reinit+0x46/0x7b() sh kernel: [10222733.062526] Hardware name: PowerEdge R210 II sh kernel: [10222733.062528] Modules linked in: ipt_MASQUERADE iptable_nat nf_nat nf_conntrack_ipv4 nf_conntrack nf_defrag_ipv4 ip_tables x_tables sha1_generic arc4 ecb ppp_mppe ppp_async crc_ccitt ppp_generic slhc loop snd_pcm snd_timer snd soundcore snd_page_alloc i2c_i801 i2c_core pcspkr evdev joydev dcdbas container button processor ext3 jbd mbcache sg sd_mod sr_mod crc_t10dif cdrom usb_storage usbhid hid mpt2sas ahci ehci_hcd libata scsi_transport_sas usbcore bnx2 nls_base scsi_mod fan thermal thermal_sys [last unloaded: scsi_wait_scan] sh kernel: [10222733.062568] Pid: 8662, comm: sshd Not tainted 2.6.32-5-amd64 #1 sh kernel: [10222733.062569] Call Trace: sh kernel: [10222733.062572] [<ffffffff811ff056>] ? tty_ldisc_reinit+0x46/0x7b sh kernel: [10222733.062574] [<ffffffff811ff056>] ? tty_ldisc_reinit+0x46/0x7b Is there any way to get back the sshd working in interactive mode? I tried restarting sshd but that is no help. And somehow, I can not reboot the server. Tried sending shutdown -r now and reboot but it refuses to go down. Should I go ahead and request a physical reboot?

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  • CDN Rerouting on 404 (file not yet in synch with original storage)

    - by Alan Ristic
    Here is the problem. I've setup my app(on EC2) to store uploaded images directly on Amazon S3. I'd like to be able to serve static files(cdn) from my 'home' server so I wrote script that does sync from S3. But there is a window of (at least) one minute in synch. Now I see two solutions on the problem of pics not been available on 'home' server here: 1.I write script on EC2 (where the app resides) to fetch from DB pics that have status of "not-yet-synch", which is default state when user uploads picture. The script then does a ping to picture and if it gets OK response, updates DB from "not-yet-synch" to "synch". 2.Prefered solution would be to let apache (in this case) redirect request for an image if it sees 404 (e.g. doesent find image requested) to S3. This way I wouldn't need script from solution 1. So what approach do you suggest I take in solving this redundancy problem? Or what is practice in production environments? To further clarify; I'd like so serve images first from 'home' server, if that fails serve them from S3. Tnx, Alan

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  • Odd log entries when starting up PotgreSQL

    - by Shadow
    When restarting pgSQL, I get the following log entries: 2010-02-10 16:08:05 EST LOG: received smart shutdown request 2010-02-10 16:08:05 EST LOG: autovacuum launcher shutting down 2010-02-10 16:08:05 EST LOG: shutting down 2010-02-10 16:08:05 EST LOG: database system is shut down 2010-02-10 16:08:07 EST LOG: database system was shut down at 2010-02-10 16:08:05 EST 2010-02-10 16:08:07 EST LOG: autovacuum launcher started 2010-02-10 16:08:07 EST LOG: database system is ready to accept connections 2010-02-10 16:08:07 EST LOG: connection received: host=[local] 2010-02-10 16:08:07 EST LOG: incomplete startup packet 2010-02-10 16:08:07 EST LOG: connection received: host=[local] 2010-02-10 16:08:07 EST FATAL: password authentication failed for user "postgres" 2010-02-10 16:08:08 EST LOG: connection received: host=[local] 2010-02-10 16:08:08 EST FATAL: password authentication failed for user "postgres" 2010-02-10 16:08:08 EST LOG: connection received: host=[local] 2010-02-10 16:08:08 EST FATAL: password authentication failed for user "postgres" 2010-02-10 16:08:09 EST LOG: connection received: host=[local] 2010-02-10 16:08:09 EST FATAL: password authentication failed for user "postgres" 2010-02-10 16:08:09 EST LOG: connection received: host=[local] 2010-02-10 16:08:09 EST FATAL: password authentication failed for user "postgres" 2010-02-10 16:08:10 EST LOG: connection received: host=[local] 2010-02-10 16:08:10 EST FATAL: password authentication failed for user "postgres" 2010-02-10 16:08:10 EST LOG: connection received: host=[local] 2010-02-10 16:08:10 EST FATAL: password authentication failed for user "postgres" 2010-02-10 16:08:11 EST LOG: connection received: host=[local] 2010-02-10 16:08:11 EST FATAL: password authentication failed for user "postgres" 2010-02-10 16:08:11 EST LOG: connection received: host=[local] 2010-02-10 16:08:11 EST FATAL: password authentication failed for user "postgres" 2010-02-10 16:08:12 EST LOG: connection received: host=[local] 2010-02-10 16:08:12 EST FATAL: password authentication failed for user "postgres" 2010-02-10 16:08:12 EST LOG: connection received: host=[local] 2010-02-10 16:08:12 EST FATAL: password authentication failed for user "postgres" 2010-02-10 16:08:12 EST LOG: connection received: host=[local] 2010-02-10 16:08:12 EST LOG: incomplete startup packet My question regarding a potential consequence of this is posted here: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2238954/mdb2-says-connection-failed-db-logs-say-otherwise , but I didn't realize this was happening when I asked that question, and I figured this [part of the] problem is for SF. Edit: I can connect to the database and manipulate things normally with the psql CLI and the postgres user.

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  • Fedora 15: em1 recently dissapeared and hostapd no longer serves internet to wirelessly connected devices

    - by Daniel K
    I have a laptop running hostapd, phpd, and mysql. This laptop uses an Ethernet connection to connect to the internet and acts as a wireless access point for my workplace's wifi devices. After installing some software and reconnecting my Ethernet elsewhere, my "em1" device is no longer present and wirelessly connected devices can no longer reach the internet. The software I recently installed is: pptp, pptpd, and updated some fedora libraries. I have also recently moved my desk and laptop to another location and thus had to reconnect the Ethernet elsewhere. Wifi devices no longer have access to the internet. Wirelessly connected devices are able to successfully log into the laptop, showing full strength, correct SSID, and uses the proper password. However, when I tried to connect to a site like google, the request times out. The device "em1" also no longer appears on my machine. Running: # ifup em1 will give me the following output: ERROR : [/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-eth] Device em1 does not seem to be present, delaying initialization. And running: # dhclient em1 has the following output: Cannot find device "em1" When I run # dmesg|grep renamed, I get the following: renamed network interface eth0 to p4p1. I've tried to connect to the internet through p4p1 directly from the laptop and was successful. However, my wireless devices connected to my laptop are not able to connect to the internet. I have uninstalled pptp and pptpd using # yum erase ... but the problem still persists. To install pptp I used: # yum install pptp To install pptpd I did the following: # rpm -Uvh http://poptop.sourceforge.net/yum/stable/fc15/pptp-release-current.noarch.rpm # yum install pptpd To update my fedora libraries I used: # yum check-update # yum update EDIT: Running # route produces the following results: Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface default 10.11.200.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 p4p1 10.11.200.0 * 255.255.252.0 U 0 0 0 p4p1 172.16.100.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 wlan0

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  • Why we can change our IP address?

    - by iamstupid
    I across some websites that offer change of our IP addresses. It says, we can surf net anonymously, including changing our IP address and location. Most of the softwares are not free, so I have not try it out yet. But my question is, so, IP addresses will no longer be unique or valid for identify which computer were sending/request the information? I though only the ISP can determine our IP, so we can change our IP from some commercial softwares huh? Case: If I change my IP address, I go to a website which is supposed to be banned by my country, will the ISP let me pass the check and I will be able to browse the website which should be blocked? another question: From what I know, if we want to go to certain website, here is the flow: My Computer = ISP = Website = ISP = My computer I am not sure, if its the correct flow, but I am sure that, whichever website I want to visit, I need to go through my ISP, isnt it?. So if we change out IP, our ISP will record our new IP or the original(assigned-by-ISP) IP? Sorry for my bad English.

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  • Why is IIS 7.5 seeing some requests as HTTP/1.0?

    - by Zhaph - Ben Duguid
    While trying to work out why Static File Compression wasn't working on one of our IIS servers, the error was coming back as "NO_COMPRESSION_10" which translates to: Server not configured to compress 1.0 requests Looking at the requests in Fiddler, I can see that I'm requesting HTTP 1.1, but everything is being sent back as HTTP 1.0: Request (from chrome, captured via Fiddler): GET /css/reset.css HTTP/1.1 Host: [-----].com Connection: keep-alive Cache-Control: max-age=0 If-Modified-Since: Tue, 16 Oct 2012 15:04:34 GMT User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/23.0.1271.95 Safari/537.11 Accept: text/css,*/*;q=0.1 Referer: http://[-----].com/ Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch Accept-Language: en-GB,en;q=0.8,en-US;q=0.6 Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3 Response from IIS: HTTP/1.0 200 OK Cache-Control: no-cache, no-store Pragma: no-cache Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8 Expires: -1 Server: Microsoft-IIS/7.5 X-AspNet-Version: 4.0.30319 X-Powered-By: ASP.NET Date: Tue, 11 Dec 2012 11:57:03 GMT Connection: close Content-Length: 108837 Other servers with the same host that I'm running this site on all respond with HTTP/1.1. How can I persuade IIS to respond with HTTP/1.1 rather than HTTP/1.0? Edit to add: Digging deeper, I can see that some responses from the server are indeed being returned compressed, so I guess really I'm trying to work out why talking to this particular server from our office seems to result in it seeing 1.0 requests, while other servers at the same co-loc don't?

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  • What's the piece of hardware listening on Facebook's or Wikipedia's IP address?

    - by Igor Ostrovsky
    I am trying to understand how massive sites like Facebook or Wikipedia work, for my intellectual curiosity. I read about various techniques for building scalable sites, but I am still puzzled about one particular detail. The part that confuses me is that ultimately, the DNS will map the entire domain to a single IP address, or a handful of IP addresses in the case of round-robin DNS. For example, wikipedia.org has only one type-A DNS record. So, people from all over the world visiting Wikipedia have to send a request to the one IP address specified in DNS. What is the piece of hardware that listens on the IP address for a massive site, and how can it possibly handle all the load coming from the requests for users all over the world? Edit 1: Thanks for all the responses! Anycast seems like a feasible answer... Does anyone know of a way to check whether a particular IP address is anycast-routed, so that I could verify that this really is the trick used in practice by large sites? Edit 2: After more reading on the topic, it appears that anycast is not typically used for dynamic web content. Anycast is usually used for UDP (e.g., DNS lookups), or sometimes for static content. One interesting thing to note is that Facebook uses profile.ak.fbcdn.net to host static content like style sheets and javascript libraries. Each time I ping this name, I get a response from a different IP address. However, I can't tell whether this is anycast in action, or a completely different technique. Back to my original question: as far as I can tell, even a large site will have a single expensive piece of load-balancing hardware listening on its handful of public IP addresses.

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  • Content not being compressed even though I'm using zlib in php.ini

    - by Tola Odejayi
    I've edited my php.ini file so that it has these two entries: zlib.output_compression = On zlib.output_compression_level = 4 However, after restarting apache, when I request php pages, the headers returned in the response indicate that my server is still NOT serving compressed pages (here are selected headers as viewed using Chrome's Network feature): Cache-Control:no-cache, must-revalidate, max-age=0 Connection:Keep-Alive Content-Type:text/html; charset=UTF-8 Date:Mon, 17 Sep 2012 23:46:13 GMT Expires:Wed, 11 Jan 1984 05:00:00 GMT Last-Modified:Mon, 17 Sep 2012 23:46:13 GMT Pragma:no-cache Proxy-Connection:Keep-Alive Server:Apache/2.2.21 (Unix) mod_ssl/2.2.21 OpenSSL/0.9.8e-fips-rhel5 mod_auth_passthrough/2.1 mod_bwlimited/1.4 FrontPage/5.0.2.2635 PHP/5.2.17 Transfer-Encoding:chunked Via:1.1 XXX-PRXY-07 X-Powered-By:PHP/5.2.17 What might I be doing wrong? Is there any other setting that I need to change? EDIT Here is another set of headers returned to another computer: Cache-Control:no-cache, must-revalidate, max-age=0 Connection:close Content-Type:text/html; charset=UTF-8 Date:Thu, 20 Sep 2012 09:45:26 GMT Expires:Wed, 11 Jan 1984 05:00:00 GMT Last-Modified:Thu, 20 Sep 2012 09:45:26 GMT Pragma:no-cache Server:Apache/2.2.21 (Unix) mod_ssl/2.2.21 OpenSSL/0.9.8e-fips-rhel5 mod_auth_passthrough/2.1 mod_bwlimited/1.4 FrontPage/5.0.2.2635 PHP/5.2.17 Transfer-Encoding:chunked Vary:Cookie X-Powered-By:PHP/5.2.17

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  • Outlook locking network connection/session?

    - by HaydnWVN
    Scenario: We have an 'automatic orders' machine sat in the corner running XP with Outlook 2003. Its job is to check for new emails on a specific account, when it encounters one it checks the e-mail body for specific wording to determine which customer it is from (using a macro), then it checks the attachment for specific order codes before parsing the attachment to create a .csv file (which is then e-mailed onto one of the sales team) before importing the .csv into our bespoke ERP/Sales Order system to create an order. Problem: Periodically the machine will have symptoms of a lost network connection (unable to connect to any network source). Sometimes after several days, sometimes over a week. Volume of emails/orders processed does not seem to be linked. Additional info: The machines .pst is stored on a mapped network location. The .csv created is stored on a mapped network location. This is a workgroup, not a domain. All network drives are Samba shares from an Ubuntu fileserver. Our bespoke system runs from a database (MySQL) Ubuntu server. Our troubleshooting so far: I have switched machines (previous was Win2000) with the same symptoms. Restarting the machine FIXES the problem. Closing Outlook and then end tasking an Outlook.exe background process FIXES the problem. If you close Outlook, without end taking the background process, outlook will not reopen (saying it cannot find the pst file & it will not open any network location). Does Outlook have some kind of 'max session' linking it to network activity that is not closing after a mail request? Could Auto-archive be causing this? Is there a tool to check/display what each outlook.exe process is doing? Have not found many ways to troubleshoot this yet, as it is so infrequent...

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  • Insufficient channel capacity of 1GBit

    - by Roman S
    There is a Caching Server (Varnish): it receives data from Amazon S3 on request, saves it for some time and gives it to the client. We have encountered the problem of insufficient channel capacity of 1GBit. Peak load within 4 hours completely chokes the channel. Server performance is sufficient for now. Approximately 4.5TB of data are transmitted per day. More than 100TB are accumulated per month. The first thought that comes to mind is simply to add one more 1GBit port and sleep peacefully until 2GBit are not enough (it may happen quite quickly) or one server is not able to handle it. And then we just need to add new Caching Servers. But now we need a Load Balancer, which will send requests on one and the same URL, always on one and the same server (to avoid multiple copies of the same cached objects). Here are the questions: Does a Balancer need a band equal to sum of all bands of Caching Servers? What shall we do in case there are no ports in a Balancer? Should we add more Balancers or solve the problem by means of Round robin DNS? What are the standard approaches to such problems? Can anyone advise hosting-companies, which can solve this problem? We are interested in American and European markets.

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  • I need a reverse proxy solution for SSH

    - by Bond
    Hi here is a situation I have a server in a corporate data center for a project. I have an SSH access to this machine at port 22.There are some virtual machines running on this server and then at the back of every thing many other Operating systems are working. Now Since I am behind the data centers firewall my supervisor asked me if I can do some thing by which I can give many people on Internet access to these virtual machines directly. I know if I were allowed to get traffic on port other than 22 then I can do a port forwarding. But since I am not allowed this so what can be a solution in this case. The people who would like to connect might be complete idiots.Who may be happy just by opening putty at their machines or may be even filezilla.I have configured an Apache Reverse Proxy for redirecting the Internet traffic to the virtual machines on these hosts.But I am not clear as for SSH what can I do.So is there some thing equivalent to an Apache Reverse Proxy which can do similar work for SSH in this situation. I do not have firewall in my hands or any port other than 22 open and in fact even if I request they wont allow to open.2 times SSH is not some thing that my supervisor wants.

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  • Router reporting failed admin login attempts from home server

    - by jeffora
    I recently noticed in the logs of my home router that it relatively regularly lists the following entry: [admin login failure] from source 192.168.0.160, Monday, June 20,2011 18:13:25 192.168.0.160 is the internal address of my home server, running Windows Home Server 2011. Is there anyway I can find out what specifically is trying to login to the router? Or is there some explanation for this behaviour? (not sure if this belongs here or on superuser...) [Update] I've run both Wireshark and netmon for a while on my home server. Wireshark captured the traffic, but didn't really show anything useful (or nothing I could make use of). A simple HTTP GET request is sent from the server (192.168.0.160) to the router (192.168.0.1), from a seemingly random port (I've seen examples from 50068, 52883), and it appears to do it twice in quick succession (incrementing port by 1), about every hour. Running netstat around the time of the failure didn't show anything (probably too long after anyway). I tried using netmon as it categorises by process, so I thought it might show a corresponding process for the port. Unfortunately, this comes in under the 'unknown' category, meaning it's basically just a slower, less useful Wireshark. I know there's not much to go on here, but does this help in anyway?

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  • _default_ VirtualHost overlap on port 443, the first has precedence

    - by Mohit Jain
    I have two ruby on rails 3 applications running on same server, (ubuntu 10.04), both with SSL. Here is my apache config file: <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName example1.com DocumentRoot /home/me/example1/production/current/public </VirtualHost> <VirtualHost *:443> ServerName example1.com DocumentRoot /home/me/example1/production/current/public SSLEngine on SSLCertificateFile /home/me/example1/production/shared/example1.crt SSLCertificateKeyFile /home/me/example1/production/shared/example1.key SSLCertificateChainFile /home/me/example1/production/shared/gd_bundle.crt SSLProtocol -all +TLSv1 +SSLv3 SSLCipherSuite HIGH:MEDIUM:!aNULL:+SHA1:+MD5:+HIGH:+MEDIUM </VirtualHost> <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName example2.com DocumentRoot /home/me/example2/production/current/public </VirtualHost> <VirtualHost *:443> ServerName example2.com DocumentRoot /home/me/example2/production/current/public SSLEngine on SSLCertificateFile /home/me/example2/production/shared/iwanto.crt SSLCertificateKeyFile /home/me/example2/production/shared/iwanto.key SSLCertificateChainFile /home/me/example2/production/shared/gd_bundle.crt SSLProtocol -all +TLSv1 +SSLv3 SSLCipherSuite HIGH:MEDIUM:!aNULL:+SHA1:+MD5:+HIGH:+MEDIUM </VirtualHost> Whats the issue: On restarting my server it gives me some output like this: * Restarting web server apache2 [Sun Jun 17 17:57:49 2012] [warn] _default_ VirtualHost overlap on port 443, the first has precedence ... waiting [Sun Jun 17 17:57:50 2012] [warn] _default_ VirtualHost overlap on port 443, the first has precedence On googling why this issue is coming I got something like this: You cannot use name based virtual hosts with SSL because the SSL handshake (when the browser accepts the secure Web server's certificate) occurs before the HTTP request, which identifies the appropriate name based virtual host. If you plan to use name-based virtual hosts, remember that they only work with your non-secure Web server. But not able to figure out how to run two ssl application on same server. Can any one help me?

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  • Updating WordPress 3.6 to 3.7 via admin area on Nginx VPS hangs and fails

    - by harryg
    So I have a few WordPress sites running on my VPS (Ubuntu 12.10, Nginx, php-fpm 5.4) The sites are all on seperate vhosts and use their own config files (albeit similar to each other) and vary in complexity. One is very simple and uses minimal plugins. When I try to update core on any site via the admin area I click the "Update Now" button (which should run the script in wp-admin/update-core.php the page hangs for a minute or two before going to a blank admin page (i.e. the wp-admin menu bars and header bar are there but there is no content in the body of the page). Visiting another admin page via the still menu bar reveals that the core has not been updated. Checking the error log I see this entry: 2013/10/29 23:20:48 [error] 9384#0: *5318248 upstream timed out (110: Connection timed out) while reading upstream, client: --.---.--.---, server: www.mysite.com, request: "POST /wp-admin/update-core.php?action=do-core-upgrade HTTP/1.1", upstream: "fastcgi://unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock:", host: "mysite.com", referrer: "http://mysite.com/wp-admin/update-core.php" This didn't happen in the past on older updates and the rest of the site including updating plugins works fine. Any ideas? Could it be as simple as a time-out error? I find that unlikely as the server should munch though a wp upgrade in seconds.

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  • Setup windows 2012 AD in Hyper-V for a Test environment

    - by hub
    Im trying to setup a Windos 2012 R2 test environment on my work computer (a laptop). I have a AD, DHCP and DNS server on server A, and a client connecting to the doman and that works. The client can ping the AD server and gets a valid IP adress. If I ping google.com from the client I get the IP adress but I dont get any responses (request time out). If i ping google.com from server A it works as it should. Server A have a connection to the Internet through a "external network switch" in hyper-v, which gets its internet from a router and the client is connected to a "internal network switch". May the poblem be that server A is behind a router? Can I make this solution to work regadless the network my laptop is connected to? At home i have one IP adress, at work its a totally different range. What I would like is to use my laptops internet connection, regardless wifi or wired, to act as incomming internet, is this possible?

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