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  • Whole map design vs. tiles array design

    - by Mikalichov
    I am working on a 2D RPG, which will feature the usual dungeon/town maps (pre-generated). I am using tiles, that I will then combine to make the maps. My original plan was to assemble the tiles using Photoshop, or some other graphic program, in order to have one bigger picture that I could then use as a map. However, I have read on several places people talking about how they used arrays to build their map in the engine (so you give an array of x tiles to your engine, and it assemble them as a map). I can understand how it's done, but it seems a lot more complicated to implement, and I can't see obvious avantages. What is the most common method, and what are advantages/disadvantages of each?

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  • Efficient way to calculate "vision cones" on 2D tile map?

    - by OverMachoGrande
    I'm trying to calculate which tiles a particular unit can "see" if facing a certain direction on a tile map (within a certain range and angle of facing). The easiest way would be to draw a certain number of tiles outward and raycast to each tile. However, I'm hoping for something slightly more efficient. A picture says a thousand words: The red dot is the unit (who's facing upwards). My goal is to calculate the yellow tiles. The green blocks are walls (walls are between tiles, and it's easy to check if you can pass between two tiles). The blue line represents something like the "raycasting" method I was talking about, but I'd rather not have to do this. EDIT: Units can only be facing north/south/east/west (0, 90, 180, or 270 degrees) and FoV is always 90 degrees. Should simplify some calculations. I'm thinking there's some sort of recursive-ish/stack-based/queue-based algorithm, but I can't quite figure it out. Thanks!

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  • C++: Checking if an object faces a point (within a certain range)

    - by bojoradarial
    I have been working on a shooter game in C++, and am trying to add a feature whereby missiles shot must be within 90 degrees (PI/2 radians) of the direction the ship is facing. The missiles will be shot towards the mouse. My idea is that the ship's angle of rotation is compared with the angle between the ship and the mouse (std::atan2(mouseY - shipY, mouseX - shipX)), and if the difference is less than PI/4 (45 degrees) then the missile can be fired. However, I can't seem to get this to work. The ship's angle of rotation is increased and decreased with the A and D keys, so it is possible that it isn't between 0 and 2*PI, hence the use of fmod() below. Code: float userRotation = std::fmod(user->Angle(), 6.28318f); if (std::abs(userRotation - missileAngle) > 0.78f) return; Any help would be appreciated. Thanks!

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  • How to implement Fog Of War with an shader?

    - by Cambrano
    Okay, I'm creating a RTS game and want to implement an AgeOfEmpires-like Fog Of War(FOW). That means a tile(or pixel) can be: 0% transparent (unexplored) 50% transparent black (explored but not in viewrange) 100% transparent(explored and in viewrange) RTS means I'll have many explorers (NPCs, buildings, ...). Okay, so I have an 2d array of bytes byte[,] explored. The byte value correlates the transparency. The question is, how do I pass this array to my shader? Well I think it is not possible to pass an entire array. So: what technique shall I use to let my shader know if a pixel/tile is visible or not?

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  • Image first loaded, then it isn't? (XNA)

    - by M0rgenstern
    I am very confused at the Moment. I have the following Class: (Just a part of the class): public class GUIWindow { #region Static Fields //The standard image for windows. public static IngameImage StandardBackgroundImage; #endregion } IngameImage is just one of my own classes, but actually it contains a Texture2D (and some other things). In another class I load a list of GUIButtons by deserializing a XML file. public static GUI Initializazion(string pXMLPath, ContentManager pConMan) { GUI myGUI = pConMan.Load<GUI>(pXMLPath); GUIWindow.StandardBackgroundImage = new IngameImage(pConMan.Load<Texture2D>(myGUI.WindowStandardBackgroundImagePath), Vector2.Zero, 1024, 600, 1, 0, Color.White, 1.0f, true, false, false); System.Console.WriteLine("Image loaded? " + (GUIWindow.StandardBackgroundImage.ImageStrip != null)); myGUI.Windows = pConMan.Load<List<GUIWindow>>(myGUI.GUIFormatXMLPath); System.Console.WriteLine("Windows loaded"); return myGUI; } Here this line: System.Console.WriteLine("Image loaded? " + (GUIWindow.StandardBackgroundImage.ImageStrip != null)); Prints "true". To load the GUIWindows I need an "empty" constructor, which looks like that: public GUIWindow() { Name = ""; Buttons = new List<Button>(); ImagePath = ""; System.Console.WriteLine("Image loaded? (In win) " + (GUIWindow.StandardBackgroundImage.ImageStrip != null)); //Image = new IngameImage(StandardBackgroundImage); //System.Console.WriteLine( //Image.IsActive = false; SelectedButton = null; IsActive = false; } As you can see, I commented lines out in the constructor. Because: Otherwise this would crash. Here the line System.Console.WriteLine("Image loaded? (In win) " + (GUIWindow.StandardBackgroundImage.ImageStrip != null)); Doesn't print anything, it just crashes with the following errormessage: Building content threw NullReferenceException: Object reference not set to an object instance. Why does this happen? Before the program wants to load the List, it prints "true". But in the constructor, so in the loading of the list it prints "false". Can anybody please tell me why this happens and how to fix it?

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  • Looking for a royalty free sci-fi sounding song thats 1:00+ long, and costs <= $5

    - by CyanPrime
    I'm looking for a royalty free sci-fi sounding song thats 1:00+ long, and costs less then, or is $5 usd. I want to have a nice BGM for my engine demo I'm going to release for a game I'm planing on having go commercial. I don't want to spend too much money on it, so my limit is $5 usd. I want it to be at least a 1:00 in length. Where should I look? Or even better, do you have a link to a song that meets the criteria?

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  • Disappearring instances of VertexPositionColor using MonoGame

    - by Rosko
    I am a complete beginner in graphics developing with XNA/Monogame. Started my own project using Monogame 3.0 for WinRT. I have this unexplainable issue that some of the vertices disappear while doing some updates on them. Basically, it is a game with balls who collide with the walls and with each other and in certain conditions they explode. When they explode they disappear. Here is a video demonstrating the issue. I used wireframes so that it is easier to see how vertices are missing. The perfect exploding balls are the ones which are result by user input with mouse clicking. Thanks for the help. The situations is: I draw user primitives with triangle strips using like this graphicsDevice.DrawUserPrimitives<VertexPositionColor>(PrimitiveType.TriangleStrip, circleVertices, 0, primitiveCount); All of the primitives are in the z-plane (z = 0), I thought that it is the culling in action. I tried setting the culling mode to none but it did not help. Here is the code responsible for the explosion private void Explode(GameTime gameTime, ref List<Circle> circles) { if (this.isExploding) { for (int i = 0; i < this.circleVertices.Length; i++) { if (this.circleVertices[i] != this.circleCenter) { if (Vector3.Distance(this.circleVertices[i].Position, this.circleCenter.Position) < this.explosionRadius * precisionCoefficient) { var explosionVector = this.circleVertices[i].Position - this.circleCenter.Position; explosionVector.Normalize(); explosionVector *= explosionSpeed; circleVertices[i].Position += explosionVector * (float)gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalSeconds; } else { circles.Remove(this); } } } } } I'd be really greatful if anyone has suggestions about how to fix this issue.

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  • GPU based procedual terrain borders?

    - by OnePie
    I'm working on a game that preferibly should feature a combination of designed and procedually generated terrain where the designer specifies in somewhat detailed terms what type of terrain a given area will have (grasslands, forest etc...) and then a precedual algorithm takes care of the rest. I'm not talking about minecraft style biomoes, but rather the game map for a strategy game. Each 'area' will not take up that much of the screen, and thus be more akin to a tile whose texture is procedually generated. While procedually generating terrain textures on the GPU are not that difficult, the hard part is making the borders between them look good. Currently, the 'tiles' are large enough to be visible (due to memory constraints mainly, we are talking planetary sized textures for a game taking place in space and on a continental ground view with seamless transitions between them) and creating good borders between them with an algorithm that is fast enough to be useful has proven difficult. Sampling the n-surrounding pixels and using the combiened result did not yield very good borders and was fairly slow on the GPU to boot (ca 12ms for me, that is without any lighning or shading and with very simple terrain texture shaders). So are there any practical known methods to solve this problem?

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  • State changes in entities or components

    - by GriffinHeart
    I'm having some trouble figuring how to deal with state management in my entities. I don't have trouble with Game state management, like pause and menus, since these are not handled as an entity component system; just with state in entities/components. Drawing from Orcs Must Die as an example, I have my MainCharacter and Trap entities which only have their components like PositionComponent, RenderComponent, PhysicsComponent. On each update the Entity will call update on its components. I also have a generic EventManager with listeners for different event types. Now I need to be able to place the traps: first select the trap and trap position then place the trap. When placing a trap it should appear in front of the MainCharacter, rendered in a different way and following it around. When placed it should just respond to collisions and be rendered in the normal way. How is this usually handled in component based systems? (This example is specific but can help figure out the general way to deal with entities states.)

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  • Why does my player stop when stepping onto a new tile?

    - by user220631
    Me and my friend are creating a game from scratch. He is in charge of art design and I am in charge of coding. I have done well so far with the code, but I have a collision detection problem when the character moves right: Once the player moves right, whenever a new block is encountered, the player stops. I don't know if this is a problem with collision or the player but I can't work around it. Here is the collision code: this.IsColliding = function(obj) { if(this.X > obj.X + obj.Width) return false; else if(this.X + this.Width < obj.X) return false; else if(this.Y > obj.Y + obj.Height) return false; else if(this.Y + this.Height < obj.Y) return false; else return true; } I also wanted to see if there as a way to make the player collide with the bottom of the block and the right side of the block instead of running through it.

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  • why are my players drawn top the side of my viewport

    - by Jetbuster
    Following this admittedly brilliant and clean 2d camera class I have a camera on each player, and it works for multiplayer and i've divided the screen into two sections for split screen by giving each camera a viewport. However in the game it looks like this I'm not sure if thats their position relative to the screen or what The relevant gameScreen code, the makePlayers is setup so it could theoretically work for up to 4 players private void makePlayers() { int rowCount = 1; if (NumberOfPlayers > 2) rowCount = 2; players = new Player[NumberOfPlayers]; for (int i = 0; i < players.Length; i++) { int xSize = GameRef.Window.ClientBounds.Width / 2; int ySize = GameRef.Window.ClientBounds.Height / rowCount; int col = i % rowCount; int row = i / rowCount; int xPoint = 0 + xSize * row; int yPoint = 0 + ySize * col; Viewport viewport = new Viewport(xPoint, yPoint, xSize, ySize); Vector2 playerPosition = new Vector2(viewport.TitleSafeArea.X + viewport.TitleSafeArea.Width / 2, viewport.TitleSafeArea.Y + viewport.TitleSafeArea.Height / 2); players[i] = new Player(playerPosition, playerSprites[i], GameRef, viewport); } //players[1].Keyboard = true; } public override void Draw(GameTime gameTime) { base.Draw(gameTime); foreach (Player player in players) { GraphicsDevice.Viewport = player.PlayerCamera.ViewPort; GameRef.spriteBatch.Begin(SpriteSortMode.Immediate, BlendState.AlphaBlend, SamplerState.PointClamp, null, null, null, player.PlayerCamera.Transform); map.Draw(GameRef.spriteBatch); // Draw the Player player.Draw(GameRef.spriteBatch); // Draw UI screen elements GraphicsDevice.Viewport = Viewport; ControlManager.Draw(GameRef.spriteBatch); GameRef.spriteBatch.End(); } } the player's initialize and draw methods are like so internal void Initialize() { this.score = 0; this.angle = (float)(Math.PI * 0 / 180);//Start sprite at it's default rotation int width = utils.scaleInt(picture.Width, imageScale); int height = utils.scaleInt(picture.Height, imageScale); this.hitBox = new HitBox(new Vector2(centerPos.X - width / 2, centerPos.Y - height / 2), width, height, Color.Black, game.Window.ClientBounds); playerCamera.Initialize(); } #region Methods public void Draw(SpriteBatch spriteBatch) { //Console.WriteLine("Hitbox: X({0}),Y({1})", hitBox.Points[0].X, hitBox.Points[0].Y); //Console.WriteLine("Image: X({0}),Y({1})", centerPos.X, centerPos.Y); Vector2 orgin = new Vector2(picture.Width / 2, picture.Height / 2); hitBox.Draw(spriteBatch); utils.DrawCrosshair(spriteBatch, Position, game.Window.ClientBounds, Color.Red); spriteBatch.Draw(picture, Position, null, Color.White, angle, orgin, imageScale, SpriteEffects.None, 0.1f); } as I said I think I'm gonna need to do something with the render position but I'm to entirely sure what or how it would be elegant to say the least

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  • Understanding IDAT chunk of PNG file format

    - by DRapp
    From the sample image below, I have a border in yellow just for display purposes only. The actual .png file is a simple black/white image 3 pixels by 3 pixels. I was originally thinking to try as a 2x2, but that would not help trying to interpret low/hi vs hi/low drawing stream. At least this way, I would have two black, one white from the top, or one white, two black from the bottom.. So I read the chunks of data, get to the IDAT chunk, decode that (zlib) and come up with 12 bytes as follows 00 20 00 40 00 80 So, my question, how does the above get broken down into the 3x3 black and white sample... Also, it is saved in palette format and properly recognizes the bit depth of 1 and color palette of 2... color pallet[0] is RGBA all zeros. Palette1 has RGBA of 255, 255, 255, 0 I'll eventually get into the multiple other depth formats later, just wanted to start with what would expect to be the easiest. Part II. Any guidance on handling the other depth formats would help if anything special to be considered especially regarding alpha channel (which I am already looking for in the palette) that might trip me up.

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  • How to set density for each shape in PhysX 3.1

    - by hywei
    I'm using PhysX 3.1 as my game's physics engine. One requirement is that I need set different density for each shape(there are server shapes for my single rigid actor). I know that the shape's density can be set by NxShapeDesc::density in PhysX 2.8, but I can't find such interface in PhysX 3.1. I know that the mass properties can be set in PhysX 3.1 just as the snowman example in the SDK, but I don't know whether there exists a direct interface to set density for each shape.

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  • Android - Efficient way to draw tiles in OpenGL ES

    - by Maecky
    Hi, I am trying to write efficient code to render a tile based map in android. I load for each tile the corresponding bitmap (just one time) and then create the according tiles. I have designed a class to do this: public class VertexQuad { private float[] mCoordArr; private float[] mColArr; private float[] mTexCoordArr; private int mTextureName; private static short mCounter = 0; private short mIndex; As you can see, each tile has it's x,y location, a color array, texture coordinates and a texture name. Now, I want to render all my created tiles. To reduce the openGL api calls (I read somewhere that the state changes are costly and therefore I want to keep them to a minimum), I first want to hand ALL the coordinate-arrays, color-arrays and texture-coordinates over to OpenGL. After that I run two for loops. The first one iterates over the textures and binds the texture. The second for loop iterates over all Tiles and puts all tiles with the corresponding texture into an IndexBuffer. After the second for loop has finished, I call gl.gl_drawElements() whith the corresponding index buffer, to draw all tiles with the texture associated. For the next texture I do the same again. Now I run into some problems: Allocating and filling the FloatBuffers at the start of each rendering cycle costs very much time. I just run a test, where i wanted to put 400 coordinates into a FloatBuffer which took me about 200ms. My questions now are: Is there a better way, handling the coordinate and color structures? How is this correctly done, this is obviously not the optimal way? ;) thanks in advance, regards Markus

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  • Problems using easing equations in C# XNA

    - by codinghands
    I'm having some trouble using the easing equations suggested by Robert Penner for ActionScript (http://www.robertpenner.com/easing/, and a Flash demo here) in my C# XNA game. Firstly, what is the definition of the following variables passed in as arguments to each equation? float t, float b, float c, float d I'm currently calculating the new X position of a sprite in the Update() loop, however even for the linear tween equation I'm getting some odd results. I'm using the following values: float t = gameTime.TotalGameTime.TotalMilliseconds; float d = 8000f; float b = x.Position.X; float c = (ScreenManager.Game.GraphicsDevice.Viewport.Width >> 1) - (x.Position.X + x.frameSize.X / 2); And this equation for linear easing: float val = c*t/d + b;

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  • How to implement the light trails for a tron game?

    - by Link
    Well I was creating a TRON style game, but had an issue with creating the actual light trails for the game. What I'm doing currently is I have an array the same size as my window in pixel size, implemented like this: int* collision[800][600]; Then when the bike goes on a certain pixel, it is marked with a 1 for traveled on. However what is the most efficient way to create a working light trail display? I tried to do something like this: int i, j; for(i=0; i<800; i++) for(j=0; j<600; j++) if(*collision[i][j] == 1) Image::applySurface(i, j, trailSurface, gameScreen); But it isn't working properly? It just fills the whole screen with a sprite instead. Whats a better/faster/working way to do this?

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  • Could someone explain in detail simplex /or perlin noise?

    - by Ryan Szemplinski
    I am really interested in perlin/simplex noise but I am having a difficult time understanding it. I am not very good at math but I am willing to learn because it interests me greatly. If someone is willing to dedicate there time into this I would be immensely appreciative of this. To be more concise, an explanation of functions and some calculation inside the functions would be nice to understand. Thanks in advance!

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  • Passing data between engine layers

    - by spaceOwl
    I am building a software system (game engine with networking support ) that is made up of (roughly) these layers: Game Layer Messaging Layer Networking Layer Game related data is passed to the messaging layer (this could be anything that is game specific), where they are to be converted to network specific messages (which are then serialized to byte arrays). I'm looking for a way to be able to convert "game" data into "network" data, such that no strong coupling between these layers will exist. As it looks now, the Messaging layer sits between both layers (game and network) and "knows" both of them (it contains Converter objects that know how to translate between data objects of both layers back and forth). I am not sure this is the best solution. Is there a good design for passing objects between layers? I'd like to learn more about the different options.

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  • Infinite terrain shadows

    - by user35399
    I'm creating an infinite terrain engine, which generates the terrain either with fractals or noise. How can I make dynamic shadows for the sun on this terrain, if I don't know in advance what will be rendered in front of the sun. My terrain: The sun is the only light, it is directional, my terrain is generated on a plane which is positioned before the camera, frustum culled and fits the size of the viewing frustum. It is height mapped with generated noise texture, and using tessellation shaders on it. Video:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tk6yFwYusOs Dynamic shadows with the infinite terrain.

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  • What common interface would be appropriate for these game object classes?

    - by Jefffrey
    Question A component based system's goal is to solve the problems that derives from inheritance: for example the fact that some parts of the code (that are called components) are reused by very different classes that, hypothetically, would lie in a very different branch of the inheritance tree. That's a very nice concept, but I've found out that CBS is often hard to accomplish without using ugly hacks. Implementations of this system are often far from clean. But I don't want to discuss this any further. My question is: how can I solve the same problems a CBS try to solve with a very clean interface? (possibly with examples, there are a lot of abstract talks about the "perfect" design already). Context Here's an example I was going for before realizing I was just reinventing inheritance again: class Human { public: Position position; Movement movement; Sprite sprite; // other human specific components }; class Zombie { Position position; Movement movement; Sprite sprite; // other zombie specific components }; After writing that I realized I needed an interface, otherwise I would have needed N containers for N different types of objects (or to use boost::variant to gather them all together). So I've thought of polymorphism (move what systems do in a CBS design into class specific functions): class Entity { public: virtual void on_event(Event) {} // not pure virtual on purpose virtual void on_update(World) {} virtual void on_draw(Window) {} }; class Human : public Entity { private: Position position; Movement movement; Sprite sprite; public: virtual void on_event(Event) { ... } virtual void on_update(World) { ... } virtual void on_draw(Window) { ... } }; class Zombie : public Entity { private: Position position; Movement movement; Sprite sprite; public: virtual void on_event(Event) { ... } virtual void on_update(World) { ... } virtual void on_draw(Window) { ... } }; Which was nice, except for the fact that now the outside world would not even be able to know where a Human is positioned (it does not have access to its position member). That would be useful to track the player position for collision detection or if on_update the Zombie would want to track down its nearest human to move towards him. So I added const Position& get_position() const; to both the Zombie and Human classes. And then I realized that both functionality were shared, so it should have gone to the common base class: Entity. Do you notice anything? Yes, with that methodology I would have a god Entity class full of common functionality (which is the thing I was trying to avoid in the first place). Meaning of "hacks" in the implementation I'm referring to I'm talking about the implementations that defines Entities as simple IDs to which components are dynamically attached. Their implementation can vary from C-stylish: int last_id; Position* positions[MAX_ENTITIES]; Movement* movements[MAX_ENTITIES]; Where positions[i], movements[i], component[i], ... make up the entity. Or to more C++-style: int last_id; std::map<int, Position> positions; std::map<int, Movement> movements; From which systems can detect if an entity/id can have attached components.

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  • How to generate portal zones?

    - by Meow
    I'm developing a portal-based scene manager. Basically all it does is to check the portals against the camera frustum, and render their associated portal zones accordingly. Is there any way my editor can generate portal zones automatically with the user having to set the portals themselves only? For example, the Max Payne 1/2 engine ("Max-FX") only required to set the portal quads, unlike the C4 engine where you also have to explicitly set the portal zones.

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  • Dynamic navigation mesh changes

    - by Nairou
    I'm currently trying to convert from grids to navigation meshes for pathfinding, since grids are either too coarse for accurate navigation, or too fine to be useful for object tracking. While my map is fairly static, and the navigation mesh could be created in advance, this is somewhat of a tower defense game, where objects can be placed to block paths, so I need a way to recalculate portions of the navigation mesh to allow pathing around them. Is there any existing documentation on good ways to do this? I'm still very new to navigation meshes, so the prospect of modifying them to cut or fill holes sounds daunting.

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  • How to acheive a smoother lighting effect

    - by Cyral
    I'm making a tile based game in XNA So currently my lightning looks like this: How can I get it to look like this? Instead of each block having its own tint, it has a smooth overlay. I'm assuming some sort of shader, and to tell it the lighting and blur it some how. But im not an expert with shaders. My current lighting calculates the light, and then passes it to a spritebatch and draws with a color parameter EDIT: No longer uses spritebatch tint, I was testing and now pass parameters to set the light values. But still looking for a way to smooth it

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  • How to deal with animated doors in isometric tiles

    - by George Profenza
    I've got a tricky issue I'm not sure how to tackle best: I have an animated tile of a door. When it's closed it should be sorted one way, but when it's openend it will need to be sorted a different way, as it belonging to a different(neighbouring tile). Here's the door closed: and the door opened: I imagine it would be possible to override the sorting system for such tiles and adjust the sorting based on the frame, but it feels a bit hacky. Has anyone encountered a similar scenario ? Any elegant solutions ?

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