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• Unable to use cloned VM, OpenSUSE, VirtualBox

  - by Kremchik

  I've cloned a VM and now while booting it I see a message: Trying manual resume from /dev/sda1 Invoking userspace resume from /dev/sda1 resume: libgcrypt version: 1.5.0 Trying manual resume from /dev/sda1 invoking in-kernel resume from /dev/sda1 Waiting for device /dev/disk/by-id/ata-VBOX_HARDDISK_.....-part2 to appear: ... Could not find /dev/disk/...-part2 Want me to fall back to /dev/disk/...-part2 (Y/n) If I press 'Y' it tries to boot again with failure, then exits to /bin/sh. If I press 'n' it exits to /bin/sh immediately. I've read a solution here: http://diggerpage.blogspot.com/2011/11/cannot-boot-opensuse-12-after-cloning.html but I don't understand how to access files on disk to edit /etc/fstab and /boot/grub/menu.lst?

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• Sniff packets using tcpdump

  - by denisk

  I have a completely noob question. I want to see all packets that come to my computer from particular site (google.com). So I start tcpdump sudo tcpdump -i eth0 host google.com and enter google.com in a browser and hit enter - nothing gets captured. I can't figure out why it happen. What do I do wrong? Edit It appeared that I was listening to the wrong interface. I had changed eth0 to any and it worked. It was ppp1 that needed listening. Thanks for your answers!

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• What process is resurrecting mysqld?

  - by ripper234

  I'm following this guide to reset my mysql root password (I'm on ubuntu). When I kill the mysqld process, it immediately gets resurrected. The parent process ID is 1. How can I find what keeps resurrecting mysqld? $ ps -ef | grep mysql mysql 30136 1 0 07:16 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/mysqld root 30295 30274 0 07:18 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto mysql $ kill -9 30136 $ ps -ef | grep mysql mysql 30302 1 2 07:18 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/mysqld root 30404 30274 0 07:18 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto mysql $

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• Copying a large directory tree locally? cp or rsync?

  - by Rory

  I have to copy a large directory tree, about 1.8 TB. It's all local. Out of habit I'd use rsync, however I wonder if there's much point, and if I should rather use cp. I'm worried about permissions and uid/gid, since they have to be preserved in the clopy (I know rsync does this). As well as thinks like symlinks. The destination is empty, so I don't have to worry about conditionally updating some files. It's all local disk access, so I don't have to worry about ssh or network. The reason I'd be tempted away from rsync, is because rsync might do more than I need. rsync checksums files. I don't need that, and am concerned that it might take longer than cp. So what do you reckon, rsync or cp?

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• Setting up Web server so it is easy to migrate

  - by Nyxynyx

  Hi I am about to move my site from a VPS to another host's dedicated server. One of my concern is about scaling the site in the future that involves a change of server. Now that I am starting the dedicated server from scratch with only the OS, this means that I need to install the web server stack, including Apache and its mods, PHP, MySQL, PostgreSQL, Tomcat, Solr and a few other softwares like ImageMagick and git. Question: Is there a way for me to setup this new dedicated server such that I can easily migrate the entire site, both the technology stack and the code to the a newer server (upgrade from this new dedicated server) easily without reinstalling and reconfiguring everything? The code for the website is being handled by git and github so thats not a problem. I'm more conerned about the rest of the software required. Side question: The current VPS uses CentOs with cpanel and it seems that many packages are outdated on yum and cpanel interfers with the installation of many packages. Which OS should I go with for the new server? Ubuntu?

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• Unable to set initcwnd on a Hetzner server

  - by Sergi

  We just ordered a bunch of Hetzner EX40SSD servers with the minimal Debian install image that they provide and everything is just fine except that looking at tcpdumps for fine tuning the network from various locations the initcwnd param seems to be stuck at 6 no matter how we change it. By default Debian 3.2 kernels should have that setting to 10 so it's pretty strange. Is it possible that the NIC driver or a custom setting in the Hetzner Debian image is limiting this param? Even if we set it to 4, like the old kernel default, it doesn't work. Any ideas would be much appreciated! Does anyone know if the NIC drivers provided by default by Debian have some kind on limitation. In a long thread in http://www.webhostingtalk.com/showthread.php?t=1200617&highlight=hetzner they talk about a page http://wiki.hetzner.de/index.php/Installation_des_r8168-Treibers/en where Hetzner states that the included Realtek r8168 driver is not working properly, but nowhere do they say that the initcwnd could be affected. Tomorrow i will try to install a CentOs image and see if Debian is the problem...Last resort would be to install a custom debian image, but that is a pain in the ass! Thanks!

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• Recommendations for a PDF reader with a "web browser"-like navigation.

  - by Tshepang

  Am looking for a PDF reader that can navigate PDF files like a web browser (IE, when I click a link that takes me to another part of the doc, I should be able to go back by pressing Ctrl+left arrow). I am using Debian.

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• Lots of files being used by blank web page. What are they?

  - by byronyasgur

  I am trying to optimise a website and I was using the network waterfall facility in Google Chrome. When I looked at the results there were lots of files which I didnt recognise. I first thought they might be something to do with Google Chrome itself, so I put a blank HTML file on my desktop and checked but there was nothing in the waterfall except the file itself. So I put a blank file on my server and I got the output below. What are all these files, are they all necessary, is this normal and do I need to be in any way concerned. My hosting provider has always been excellent in every regard that I'm aware of. My host is shared hosting, using cpanel and is based on a LAMP server. I also note that a couple of those file have problems but I have no idea how to fault find that or whether it's a concern. EDIT: I have cleared the cache so I don't think it's a browser cache issue.

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• Ubuntu 12.04 3.2 Kernel showing incorrect "cache size" in cpuinfo?

  - by Tom G

  2x Xeon E5620 . 16 Cores altogether. /proc/cpuinfo shows cache is only @ 4096kb According to intel this should have 12MB of "smart cache". Doing searched for E5620 and CPUinfo shows the correct number: cache size : 12288 KB However mine shows this: processor : 15 v endor_id : GenuineIntel cpu family : 6 model : 44 model name : Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5620 @ 2.40GHz stepping : 2 microcode : 0x1 cpu MHz : 2400.104 cache size : 4096 KB fpu : yes fpu_exception : yes cpuid level : 11 wp : yes flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx bogomips : 4800.20 clflush size : 64 cache_alignment : 64 address sizes : 40 bits physical, 48 bits virtual Any idea on why it shows like it's missing 8MB in CPU cache? .

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• Apache Virtual Hosts behind Cisco Router

  - by Theo

  I'm setting up an Apache 2.2 Ubuntu web server for internal services that is also supposed to be accessed from outside our LAN. Our LAN has a single external IP that is the external IP of our RV042 Cisco router. We have set up several A records on our external DNS server that point to this IP. Our internal DNS server resolve the same records to the internal IP of our web server, so computers from inside the network can access them using the same address as if they were outside. We forwarded the router's external 80 port to our web server's 80 port. I have set up one Virtual Host for each domain name in our list, and my httpd.conf is something like this: ServerName web.domain.com NameVirtualHost *:80 <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName alfresco.domain.com <Proxy *> Order deny,allow Allow from all </Proxy> ProxyPass /alfresco http://localhost:8080/alfresco ProxyPassReverse /alfresco http://localhost:8080/alfresco ProxyPass /share http://localhost:8080/share ProxyPassReverse /share http://localhost:8080/share </VirtualHost> <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName crm.domain.com DocumentRoot /var/www/sugarcrm </VirtualHost> Now, this works if we are in our LAN. However, if we are outside of our LAN we reach our web server's default page saying: It Works! This is the default web page for this server. But we can't reach the virtual hosts, as if the domain name is not being preserved when the router forward the packets to the web server. Am I doing something wrong? How can I check what is going on? What should be the settings to make this work from outside?

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• Routing with VPN and asymmetric communication

  - by Louis

  I'm stumbling on a problem that requires your advice. Keywords : networking, route, openVPN Problem : I have a local network with several physical servers and VMs. These machines have ip's in the range 10.10.x.x. I can access these machines from the Internet with the help of openVPN. These machines can : access each other within the local 10.10.x.x subnet access the Internet via the VPN can themselves be accessed (via SSH) from the Internet via the VPN. There is one machine however that behaves strangely and I don't know why. I can SSH into this machine from anywhere via SSH and I can also PING it from anywhere (including the Internet). However from this machine (i.e. when logged into it) I cannot access the Internet or ping machines outside the local network. In other words it will not go beyond the VPN. My question is why? Here are some technical details: The machine's Network Config (running Debian 6.0.3): allow-hotplug eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 10.10.10.200 netmask 255.255.0.0 network 10.10.10.0 broadcast 10.10.10.255 gateway 10.10.10.200 The machine's Routing : Destination Gateway Genmask Flags MSS Window irtt Iface 127.0.0.1 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 lo 10.10.0.0 10.10.10.250 255.255.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 10.10.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 0.0.0.0 10.10.10.250 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 0.0.0.0 10.10.10.200 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 The VPN's Network Config (running Debian 6.0.3): # This is the local network interface auto eth1 allow-hotplug eth1 iface eth1 inet static address 10.10.10.250 netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 10.10.10.255 gateway 10.10.10.250 The VPN's routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags MSS Window irtt Iface 10.10.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 tun0 private 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 10.10.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth1 0.0.0.0 10.10.10.250 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth1 0.0.0.0 private 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1 on both machines. there are no iptables set anywhere. Thanks in advance for any feedback.

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• How to secure postfix to find out whether the emails are coming really from the sender?

  - by codeworxx

  Is it possible to secure postfix in a way, that incoming emails are checked on whether the email comes really from the sender? Is that possible to write php script and chose a sender, like the mail is really coming from the sender and what are the possibilities for postfix to find out that this mail is not actually coming from the real sender? What I have found out and activated are the options smtpd_sender_restrictions = reject_unknown_sender_domain unknown_address_reject_code = 554 smtpd_client_restrictions = reject_unknown_client unknown_client_reject_code = 554 Please mention, whether I have missed out on any points!

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• Best Practice: Migrating Email Boxes (maildir format)

  - by GruffTech

  So here's the situation. I've got about 20,000 maildir email accounts chewing up a several hundred GB of space on our email server. Maildir by nature keeps thousands of tiny a** little files, instead of one .mbox file or the like... So i need to migrate all of these several millions of files from one server to the other, for both space and life-cycle reasons. the conventional methods i would use all work just fine. rsync is the option that comes immediately to mind, however i wanted to see if there are any other "better" options out there. Rsync not handling multi-threaded transfers in this situation sucks because it never actually gets up to speed and saturates my network connection, because of this the transfer from one server to another will take hours beyond hours, when it shouldn't really take more then one or two. I know this is highly opinionated and subjective and will therefore be marked community wiki.

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• Apache configuration FollowSymlinks- Apply to php scripts?

  - by Josh

  I have Options set to none for my webroot directory. I also have a symmlink /var/coderoot - /var/webroot/coderoot In the php script I can do include("/var/coderoot/file"); and it works fine. Regardless of the option (yes I save and restart apache.) Does follow symlinks only apply to symlinks used in a certain way? Is there a performance loss using the include with a symmlink?

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• how to figure out why sites on my server aren't loading

  - by Derek

  I seem to randomly receive "page cannot load, cannot connect to server" errors for sites on one of my servers. when this happens, it seems to only happen on certain IPs or IP ranges at a time. I say this because while I'll get the error from my home laptop I'll be able to access the site fine from my work computer or from an offsite VPS. DNS records should already be fully propagated as these records were updated months ago. I have no idea how to diagnose what's going on. Is there a tool in cpanel or outside on the web that can help me figure out what's going on?

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• How hard is it to use SELinux?

  - by Bill Drissel

  How hard is it to use SELinux?

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• How can I measure TCP timeout limit on NAT firewall for setting keepalive interval?

  - by jmanning2k

  A new (NAT) firewall appliance was recently installed at $WORK. Since then, I'm getting many network timeouts and interruptions, especially for operations which would require the server to think for a bit without a response (svn update, rsync, etc.). Inbound SSH sessions over VPN also timeout frequently. That clearly suggests I need to adjust the TCP (and ssh) keepalive time on the servers in question in order to reduce these errors. But what is the appropriate value I should use? Assuming I have machines on both sides of the firewall between which I can make a connection, is there a way to measure what the time limit on TCP connections might be for this firewall? In theory, I would send a packet with gradually increasing intervals until the connection is lost. Any tools that might help (free or open source would be best, but I'm open to other suggestions)? The appliance is not under my control, so I can't just get the value, though I am attempting to ask what it currently is and if I can get it increased.

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• Are PHP session files ever deleted?

  - by GetFree

  I see there are thousands of files in my "/tmp" directory (a CentOS machine) and almost all of them are PHP session files. I'm worried about the possible impact this might have on my system. Are those files ever deleted either by the OS, Apache or PHP? or I have to take care of it myself?

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• Why does't rsync use delta-transfer for local files ?

  - by o_O Tync

  I have a big iso image which is currently being downloaded by a torrent client with space-reservation turned on: that means, file size is not changing while some chunks in in (4 Mib) are constantly changing because of a download. At 90% download I do the initial rsync to save time later: $ rsync -Ph DVD.iso /some/target/ sending incremental file list DVD.iso 2.60G 100% 40.23MB/s 0:01:01 (xfer#1, to-check=0/1) sent 2.60G bytes received 73 bytes 34.59M bytes/sec total size is 2.60G speedup is 1.00 Then, when the file's fully downloaded, I rsync again: total size is 2.60G speedup is 1.00 Speedup=1 says delta-transfer was not used, although 90% of the file has not changed. Why?!

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• umask is being ignored on Gentoo while creating new files

  - by drcelus

  I have a server running Gentoo and hosting a drupal installation. Whenever a Drupal update is executed, the directory permissions of the updated module turn from 755 to 744 preventing the application from accessing the files. The umask is defined as 022 under /etc/profile and the Apache server is running under user and group nobody. I believe this has nothing to do with the drupal installation since if I create a directory as root, the same happens, it is created with 744 permissions, since the umask is 022 shouldn't it be created as 755 ? Why is the umask being ignored and how do I tell the server to create the directories with permission 755 ?

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• Debian 5.0.8 won't detect my ethernet adapter

  - by PaulH

  I'm installing Debian 5.0.8 on a Dell Latitude E6410 using the network install x86 CD. Unfortunately, it won't detect my Ethernet adapter. Specifically, I get the error: No Ethernet card was detected. If you know the name of the driver needed by your Ethernet card, you can select it from the list. lspci shows: 00:19.0 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation Device 10ea (rev 05) That should correspond to the e100e driver. But, if I select it from the list, the install CD still fails to detect it. Ubuntu 10.10 and Windows 7 are able to use this device with no problem. Does anybody know what I can do to make Debian use my Ethernet adapter? Thanks, PaulH

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• How do I symlink binaries under /usr/local/util to the default searchable /bin ?

  - by apache

  There are multiple binaries under /usr/local/util so I don't want to do it by running ln -s /bin/util_i /usr/local/util/util_i multiple times. Anyway,what I want to achieve is that I don't need to type /usr/local/util/ to run binaries under it.

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• Playing/extracting audio file from PDF

  - by ravl1084

  I use Ubuntu and I have a PDF file that contains an audio annotation. It won't play on Okular, it treats it as a text annotation. Following an old blog post where the poster created a small C script to extract the audio didn't work either, I suspect the format of these audio annotations has changed. Using the information on it I managed to uncompress the PDF and with vim, I found the audio data in the file. I tried copying this into its own file and changed the extension from mp3, wav, mid, but none of them would play. Is there a way of achieving this?

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• NVidia TwinView - slow rendering on dual desktop [closed]

  - by lisak

  Hey, does anybody have experience with it ? I've set it up 4 times on 4 different machines. And there was always problems with slow rendering ( for instance : scrolling pages in browser is not fluent). But there always was something that finally made it work perfectly... I remember that one time this option helped, but not now Option "RenderAccel" "1" Nvidia geforce 8400GS or Zotac geforce 9500GT Monitors connected via dvi and hdmi connectors proper nvidia driver installed Section "ServerLayout" Identifier "X.org Configured" Screen 0 "Screen0" 0 0 InputDevice "Mouse0" "CorePointer" InputDevice "Keyboard0" "CoreKeyboard" Option "Xinerama" "0" EndSection Section "Files" ModulePath "/usr/lib64/xorg/modules" FontPath "/usr/share/fonts/local" FontPath "/usr/share/fonts/TTF" FontPath "/usr/share/fonts/OTF" FontPath "/usr/share/fonts/Type1" FontPath "/usr/share/fonts/misc" FontPath "/usr/share/fonts/CID" FontPath "/usr/share/fonts/75dpi/:unscaled" FontPath "/usr/share/fonts/100dpi/:unscaled" FontPath "/usr/share/fonts/75dpi" FontPath "/usr/share/fonts/100dpi" FontPath "/usr/share/fonts/cyrillic" EndSection Section "Module" Load "dri2" Load "glx" Load "extmod" Load "record" Load "dbe" EndSection Section "InputDevice" Identifier "Keyboard0" Driver "kbd" EndSection Section "InputDevice" Identifier "Mouse0" Driver "mouse" Option "Protocol" "auto" Option "Device" "/dev/input/mice" Option "ZAxisMapping" "4 5 6 7" EndSection Section "Monitor" Identifier "Monitor0" VendorName "Unknown" ModelName "Acer AL1715" HorizSync 30.0 - 83.0 VertRefresh 50.0 - 75.0 EndSection Section "Device" Identifier "Nvidia" Driver "nvidia" VendorName "NVIDIA Corporation" BoardName "MSI big bang-fuzion" EndSection Section "Device" Identifier "Device0" Driver "nvidia" VendorName "NVIDIA Corporation" BoardName "GeForce 8400 GS" EndSection Section "Screen" Identifier "Screen0" Device "Device0" Monitor "Monitor0" DefaultDepth 24 Option "RenderAccel" "1" Option "AllowGLXWithComposite" "1" Option "TwinView" "1" Option "TwinViewXineramaInfoOrder" "DFP-1" Option "metamodes" "CRT: 1280x1024 +1920+0, DFP: 1920x1080 +0+0" SubSection "Display" Depth 24 EndSubSection EndSection

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• Why doesn't SSHFS let me look into a mounted directory?

  - by Jan

  I use SSHFS to mount a directory on a remote server. There is a user xxx on client and server. UID and GID are identical on both boxes. I use sshfs -o kernel_cache -o auto_cache -o reconnect -o compression=no \ -o cache_timeout=600 -o ServerAliveInterval=15 \ [email protected]:/mnt/content /home/xxx/path_to/content to mount the directory on the remote server. When I log in as xxx on the client I have no problems. I can cd into /home/xxx/path_to/content. But when I log in on the client as another user zzz and then $ ls -l /home/xxx/path_to I get this d????????? ? ? ? ? ? content and on $ ls -l /home/xxx/path_to/content I get ls: cannot access content: Permission denied When I do $ ls -l /mnt on the remote server I get drwxr-xr-x 6 xxx xxx 4096 2011-07-25 12:51 content What am I doing wrong? The permissions seem to be correct to me. Am I wrong?

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