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  • using 'new' operator

    - by notLikeCpp
    I have simple task concerning 'new' operator. I need to create array of 10 chars and then input those chars using 'cin'. Should it look like this ? : char c = new char[10]; for(int i=0; i < 10; i++) { cin >> char[i] >> endl; }

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  • Potential problem with C standard malloc'ing chars.

    - by paxdiablo
    When answering a comment to another answer of mine here, I found what I think may be a hole in the C standard (c1x, I haven't checked the earlier ones and yes, I know it's incredibly unlikely that I alone among all the planet's inhabitants have found a bug in the standard). Information follows: Section 6.5.3.4 ("The sizeof operator") para 2 states "The sizeof operator yields the size (in bytes) of its operand". Para 3 of that section states: "When applied to an operand that has type char, unsigned char, or signed char, (or a qualified version thereof) the result is 1". Section 7.20.3.3 describes void *malloc(size_t sz) but all it says is "The malloc function allocates space for an object whose size is specified by size and whose value is indeterminate". It makes no mention at all what units are used for the argument. Annex E startes the 8 is the minimum value for CHAR_BIT so chars can be more than one byte in length. My question is simply this: In an environment where a char is 16 bits wide, will malloc(10 * sizeof(char)) allocate 10 chars (20 bytes) or 10 bytes? Point 1 above seems to indicate the former, point 2 indicates the latter. Anyone with more C-standard-fu than me have an answer for this?

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  • File using .net sockets, transferring problem

    - by Sergei
    I have a client and server, client sending file to server. When i transfer files on my computer(in local) everything is ok(try to sen file over 700mb). When i try to sent file use Internet to my friend in the end of sending appears error on server "Input string is not in correct format".This error appears in this expression fSize = Convert::ToUInt64(tokenes[0]); - and i don't mind wht it's appear. File should be transfered and wait other transferring ps: sorry for too much code, but i want to find solution private: void CreateServer() { try{ IPAddress ^ipAddres = IPAddress::Parse(ipAdress); listener = gcnew System::Net::Sockets::TcpListener(ipAddres, port); listener->Start(); clientsocket =listener->AcceptSocket(); bool keepalive = true; array<wchar_t,1> ^split = gcnew array<wchar_t>(1){ '\0' }; array<wchar_t,1> ^split2 = gcnew array<wchar_t>(1){ '|' }; statusBar1->Text = "Connected" ; // while (keepalive) { array<Byte>^ size1 = gcnew array<Byte>(1024); clientsocket->Receive(size1); System::String ^notSplited = System::Text::Encoding::GetEncoding(1251)->GetString(size1); array<String^> ^ tokenes = notSplited->Split(split2); System::String ^fileName = tokenes[1]->ToString(); statusBar1->Text = "Receiving file" ; unsigned long fSize = 0; //IN THIS EXPRESSIN APPEARS ERROR fSize = Convert::ToUInt64(tokenes[0]); if (!Directory::Exists("Received")) Directory::CreateDirectory("Received"); System::String ^path = "Received\\"+ fileName; while (File::Exists(path)) { int dotPos = path->LastIndexOf('.'); if (dotPos == -1) { path += "[1]"; } else { path = path->Insert(dotPos, "[1]"); } } FileStream ^fs = gcnew FileStream(path, FileMode::CreateNew, FileAccess::Write); BinaryWriter ^f = gcnew BinaryWriter(fs); //bytes received unsigned long processed = 0; pBarFilesTr->Visible = true; pBarFilesTr->Minimum = 0; pBarFilesTr->Maximum = (int)fSize; // Set the initial value of the ProgressBar. pBarFilesTr->Value = 0; pBarFilesTr->Step = 1024; //loop for receive file array<Byte>^ buffer = gcnew array<Byte>(1024); while (processed < fSize) { if ((fSize - processed) < 1024) { int bytes ; array<Byte>^ buf = gcnew array<Byte>(1024); bytes = clientsocket->Receive(buf); if (bytes != 0) { f->Write(buf, 0, bytes); processed = processed + (unsigned long)bytes; pBarFilesTr->PerformStep(); } break; } else { int bytes = clientsocket->Receive(buffer); if (bytes != 0) { f->Write(buffer, 0, 1024); processed = processed + 1024; pBarFilesTr->PerformStep(); } else break; } } statusBar1->Text = "File was received" ; array<Byte>^ buf = gcnew array<Byte>(1); clientsocket->Send(buf,buf->Length,SocketFlags::None); f->Close(); fs->Close(); SystemSounds::Beep->Play(); } }catch(System::Net::Sockets::SocketException ^es) { MessageBox::Show(es->ToString()); } catch(System::Exception ^es) { MessageBox::Show(es->ToString()); } } private: void CreateClient() { clientsock = gcnew System::Net::Sockets::TcpClient(ipAdress, port); ns = clientsock->GetStream(); sr = gcnew StreamReader(ns); statusBar1->Text = "Connected" ; } private:void Send() { try{ OpenFileDialog ^openFileDialog1 = gcnew OpenFileDialog(); System::String ^filePath = ""; System::String ^fileName = ""; //file choose dialog if (openFileDialog1->ShowDialog() == System::Windows::Forms::DialogResult::OK) { filePath = openFileDialog1->FileName; fileName = openFileDialog1->SafeFileName; } else { MessageBox::Show("You must select a file", "Error", MessageBoxButtons::OK, MessageBoxIcon::Exclamation); return; } statusBar1->Text = "Sending file" ; NetworkStream ^writerStream = clientsock->GetStream(); System::Runtime::Serialization::Formatters::Binary::BinaryFormatter ^format = gcnew System::Runtime::Serialization::Formatters::Binary::BinaryFormatter(); array<Byte>^ buffer = gcnew array<Byte>(1024); FileStream ^fs = gcnew FileStream(filePath, FileMode::Open); BinaryReader ^br = gcnew BinaryReader(fs); //file size unsigned long fSize = (unsigned long)fs->Length; //transfer file size + name bFSize = Encoding::GetEncoding(1251)->GetBytes(Convert::ToString(fs->Length+"|"+fileName+"|")); writerStream->Write(bFSize, 0, bFSize->Length); //status bar pBarFilesTr->Visible = true; pBarFilesTr->Minimum = 0; pBarFilesTr->Maximum = (int)fSize; pBarFilesTr->Value = 0; // Set the initial value of the ProgressBar. pBarFilesTr->Step = 1024; //bytes transfered unsigned long processed = 0; int bytes = 1024; //loop for transfer while (processed < fSize) { if ((fSize - processed) < 1024) { bytes = (int)(fSize - processed); array<Byte>^ buf = gcnew array<Byte>(bytes); br->Read(buf, 0, bytes); writerStream->Write(buf, 0, buf->Length); pBarFilesTr->PerformStep(); processed = processed + (unsigned long)bytes; break; } else { br->Read(buffer, 0, 1024); writerStream->Write(buffer, 0, buffer->Length); pBarFilesTr->PerformStep(); processed = processed + 1024; } } array<Byte>^ bufsss = gcnew array<Byte>(100); writerStream->Read(bufsss,0,bufsss->Length); statusBar1->Text = "File was sent" ; btnSend->Enabled = true; fs->Close(); br->Close(); SystemSounds::Beep->Play(); newThread->Abort(); } catch(System::Net::Sockets::SocketException ^es) { MessageBox::Show(es->ToString()); } } UPDATE: ok, i can add checking if clientsocket->Receive(size1); equal zero, but why he begin receiving data again , in the ending of receiving. UPDATE:After adding this checking problem remains. AND WIN RAR SAY TO OPENING ARCHIVE - unexpected end of file! UPDATE:http://img153.imageshack.us/img153/3760/erorr.gif I think it continue receiving some bytes from client(that remains in the stream), but why existes cicle while (processed < fSize)

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  • Problems with making a simple UNIX shell

    - by Kodemax
    Hai, I am trying to create a simple shell in UNIX. I read a lot and found that everybody uses the strtok a lot. But i want to do without any special functions. So i wrote the code but i cant seem to get it to work. Can anybody point out what i am doing wrong here? void process(char**); int arg_count; char **splitcommand(char* input) { char temp[81][81] ,*cmdptr[40]; int k,done=0,no=0,arg_count=0; for(int i=0 ; input[i] != '\0' ; i++) { k=0; while(1) { if(input[i] == ' ') { arg_count++; break; } if(input[i] == '\0') { arg_count++; done = 1; break; } temp[arg_count][k++] = input[i++]; } temp[arg_count][k++] = '\0'; if(done == 1) { break; } } for(int i=0 ; i<arg_count ; i++) { cmdptr[i] = temp[i]; cout<<endl; } cout<<endl; } void process(char* cmd[]) { int pid = fork(); if(pid < 0) { cout << "Fork Failed" << endl; exit(-1); } else if( pid == 0) { cout<<endl<<"in pid"; execvp(cmd[0], cmd); } else { wait(NULL); cout << "Job's Done" << endl; } } int main() { cout<<"Welcome to shell !!!!!!!!!!!"<<endl; char input[81]; cin.getline(input,81); splitcommand(input); }

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  • Question about Virtual Inheritance hierarchy

    - by Summer_More_More_Tea
    Hi there: I encounter this problem when tackling with virtual inheritance. I remember that in a non-virtual inheritance hierarchy, object of sub-class hold an object of its direct super-class. What about virtual inheritance? In this situation, does object of sub-class hold an object of its super-class directly or just hold a pointer pointing to an object of its super-class? By the way, why the output of the following code is: sizeof(A): 8 sizeof(B): 20 sizeof(C): 20 sizeof(C): 36 Code: #include <iostream> using namespace std; class A{ char k[ 3 ]; public: virtual void a(){}; }; class B : public virtual A{ char j[ 3 ]; public: virtual void b(){}; }; class C : public virtual B{ char i[ 3 ]; public: virtual void c(){}; }; class D : public B, public C{ char h[ 3 ]; public: virtual void d(){}; }; int main( int argc, char *argv[] ){ cout << "sizeof(A): " << sizeof( A ) << endl; cout << "sizeof(B): " << sizeof( B ) << endl; cout << "sizeof(C): " << sizeof( C ) << endl; cout << "sizeof(D): " << sizeof( D ) << endl; return 0; } Thanks in advance. Kind regards.

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  • Struct Array Initialization and String Literals

    - by Christian Ammer
    Is following array initialization correct? I guess it is, but i'm not really sure if i can use const char* or if i better should use std::string. Beside the first question, do the char pointers point to memory segments of same sizes? struct qinfo { const char* name; int nr; }; qinfo queues[] = { {"QALARM", 1}, {"QTESTLONGNAME", 2}, {"QTEST2", 3}, {"QIEC", 4} };

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  • Can some tell me why I am seg faulting in this simple C program?

    - by user299648
    I keep on getting seg faulted after I end my first for loop, and for the life of me I don't why. The file I'm scanning is just 18 strings in 18 lines. I thinks the problem is the way I'm mallocing the double pointer called picks, but I don't know exactly why. I'm am only trying to scanf strings that are less than 15 chars long, so I don't see the problem. Can someone please help. #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #define MAX_LENGTH 100 int main( int argc,char *argv[] ) { char* string = malloc( 15*sizeof(char) ); char** picks = malloc(15*sizeof(char*)); FILE* pick_file = fopen( argv[l], "r" ); int num_picks; for( num_picks=0 ; fgets( string, MAX_LENGTH, pick_file ) != NULL ; num_picks++ ) { scanf( "%s", picks+num_picks ); } //this is where i seg fault int x; for(x=0; x<num_picks;x++) printf("s\n", picks+x); }

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  • C++ - what does the colon after a constructor mean?

    - by waitinforatrain
    I'd happily Google this but don't know what to call it to Google it. I have a piece of code here: class demo { private: unsigned char len, *dat; public: demo(unsigned char le = 5, unsigned char default) : len(le) { dat = new char[len]; for (int i = 0; i <= le; i++) dat[i] = default; } void ~demo(void) { delete [] *dat; } }; class newdemo : public demo { private: int *dat1; public: newdemo(void) : demo(0, 0) { *dat1 = 0; return 0; } }; (It's from a past exam paper and the question is to correct errors in the code so ignore errors!) My question is, what are the ": len(le) " and " : demo(0, 0)" called? Something to do with inheritance?

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  • Can someone tell me why I'm seg faulting in this simple C program?

    - by user299648
    I keep on getting seg faulted, and for the life of me I dont why. The file I'm scanning is just 18 strings in 18 lines. I thinks the problem is the way I'm mallocing the double pointer called picks, but I dont know exactly why. I'm am only trying to scanf strings that are less than 15 chars long, so I don't see the problem. Can someone please help. #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #define MAX_LENGTH 100 int main( int argc,char *argv[] ) { char* string = malloc( sizeof(char) ); char** picks = malloc(15*sizeof(char)); FILE* pick_file = fopen( argv[l], "r" ); int num_picks; for( num_picks=0 ; fgets( string, MAX_LENGTH, pick_file ) != NULL ; num_picks++ ) { printf("pick a/an %s ", string ); scanf( "%s", picks+num_picks ); } int x; for(x=0; x<num_picks;x++) printf("s\n", picks+x); }

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  • Argc/Argv C Problems

    - by Salman
    Hey all, If I have the following code: main(int argc, char *argv[]){ char serveradd[20]; strcpy(serveradd, argv[1]); int port = atoi(argv[2]); printf("%s %d \n", serveradd, port); The first two arguments to the command line are printed. However, if I do this: char serveradd[20]; strcpy(serveradd, argv[1]); int port = atoi(argv[2]); char versionnum[1]; strcpy(versionnum, argv[3]); printf("%s %d %s \n", serveradd, port, versionnum);` The first argument (serveradd) does not print out to the screen and is not being stored... Why is this happening and how can I fix it? Thanks!

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  • How to fill two-dimensional array using java enhanced loop?

    - by Shark
    Basically, I am trying this, but this only leaves array filled with zeros. I know how to fill it with normal for loop (such as for (int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) and so on), but why is my variant is not working? Any help would be appreciated. char[][] array = new char[x][y]; for (char[] row : array) for (char element : row) element = '~';

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  • What's the correct type to use for pointer subtraction on x64?

    - by Cheeso
    I'm just starting out with x64 compilation. I have a couple of char*'s, and I'm subtracting them. With a 32-bit compile, this works: char * p1 = .... char * p3 = ... int delta = p3 - p1; But if I compile for x64 I get a warning: warning C4244: 'initializing' : conversion from '__int64' to 'int', possible loss of data What is the correct type to use, to represent a difference between two pointers, that works in both x86 and x64 compiles?

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  • How do the operators < and > work with pointers?

    - by Øystein
    Just for fun, I had a std::list of const char*, each element pointing to a null-terminated text string, and ran a std::list::sort() on it. As it happens, it sort of (no pun intended) did not sort the strings. Considering that it was working on pointers, that makes sense. According to the documentation of std::list::sort(), it (by default) uses the operator < between the elements to compare. Forgetting about the list for a moment, my actual question is: How do these (, <, =, <=) operators work on pointers in C++ and C? Do they simply compare the actual memory addresses? char* p1 = (char*) 0xDAB0BC47; char* p2 = (char*) 0xBABEC475; e.g. on a 32-bit, little-endian system, p1 p2 because 0xDAB0BC47 0xBABEC475? Testing seems to confirm this, but I thought it'd be good to put it on StackOverflow for future reference. C and C++ both do some weird things to pointers, so you never really know...

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  • Make: how make all hidden files in the current makefile?

    - by HH
    It traverses to bottom dirs for some unknown reason: Errorsome /bin/sh: .??*: not found make[23]: Entering directory `/m/user/files/dir' make clean Makefile all: make clean #The wildcard is the bug. I want to make all hidden files in the current makefile. #It should match .<some char><some char><any char arbitrary times> make $$(.??*) #I want to replace below-like-tihngs with a wildcard above # make .lambda # make .lambda_t clean: -rm .??* .lambda: #do something .lambda_t:

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  • python object to native c++ pointer

    - by Lodle
    Im toying around with the idea to use python as an embedded scripting language for a project im working on and have got most things working. However i cant seem to be able to convert a python extended object back into a native c++ pointer. So this is my class: class CGEGameModeBase { public: virtual void FunctionCall()=0; virtual const char* StringReturn()=0; }; class CGEPYGameMode : public CGEGameModeBase, public boost::python::wrapper<CGEPYGameMode> { public: virtual void FunctionCall() { if (override f = this->get_override("FunctionCall")) f(); } virtual const char* StringReturn() { if (override f = this->get_override("StringReturn")) return f(); return "FAILED TO CALL"; } }; Boost wrapping: BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE(GEGameMode) { class_<CGEGameModeBase, boost::noncopyable>("CGEGameModeBase", no_init); class_<CGEPYGameMode, bases<CGEGameModeBase> >("CGEPYGameMode", no_init) .def("FunctionCall", &CGEPYGameMode::FunctionCall) .def("StringReturn", &CGEPYGameMode::StringReturn); } and the python code: import GEGameMode def Ident(): return "Alpha" def NewGamePlay(): return "NewAlpha" def NewAlpha(): import GEGameMode import GEUtil class Alpha(GEGameMode.CGEPYGameMode): def __init__(self): print "Made new Alpha!" def FunctionCall(self): GEUtil.Msg("This is function test Alpha!") def StringReturn(self): return "This is return test Alpha!" return Alpha() Now i can call the first to functions fine by doing this: const char* ident = extract< const char* >( GetLocalDict()["Ident"]() ); const char* newgameplay = extract< const char* >( GetLocalDict()["NewGamePlay"]() ); printf("Loading Script: %s\n", ident); CGEPYGameMode* m_pGameMode = extract< CGEPYGameMode* >( GetLocalDict()[newgameplay]() ); However when i try and convert the Alpha class back to its base class (last line above) i get an boost error: TypeError: No registered converter was able to extract a C++ pointer to type class CGEPYGameMode from this Python object of type Alpha I have done alot of searching on the net but cant work out how to convert the Alpha object into its base class pointer. I could leave it as an object but rather have it as a pointer so some non python aware code can use it. Any ideas?

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  • File using sockets .net, tranfering problem

    - by Sergei
    I have a client and server, client sending file to server. When i transfer files on my computer(in local) everything is ok(try to sen file over 700mb). When i try to sent file use Internet to my friend in the end of sending appears error on server "Input string is not in correct format".This error appears in this expression fSize = Convert::ToUInt64(tokenes[0]); - and i don't mind wht it's appear. File should be transfered and wait other transferring ps: sorry for too much code, but i want to find solution private: void CreateServer() { try{ IPAddress ^ipAddres = IPAddress::Parse(ipAdress); listener = gcnew System::Net::Sockets::TcpListener(ipAddres, port); listener->Start(); clientsocket =listener->AcceptSocket(); bool keepalive = true; array<wchar_t,1> ^split = gcnew array<wchar_t>(1){ '\0' }; array<wchar_t,1> ^split2 = gcnew array<wchar_t>(1){ '|' }; statusBar1->Text = "Connected" ; // while (keepalive) { array<Byte>^ size1 = gcnew array<Byte>(1024); clientsocket->Receive(size1); System::String ^notSplited = System::Text::Encoding::GetEncoding(1251)->GetString(size1); array<String^> ^ tokenes = notSplited->Split(split2); System::String ^fileName = tokenes[1]->ToString(); statusBar1->Text = "Receiving file" ; unsigned long fSize = 0; //IN THIS EXPRESSIN APPEARS ERROR fSize = Convert::ToUInt64(tokenes[0]); if (!Directory::Exists("Received")) Directory::CreateDirectory("Received"); System::String ^path = "Received\\"+ fileName; while (File::Exists(path)) { int dotPos = path->LastIndexOf('.'); if (dotPos == -1) { path += "[1]"; } else { path = path->Insert(dotPos, "[1]"); } } FileStream ^fs = gcnew FileStream(path, FileMode::CreateNew, FileAccess::Write); BinaryWriter ^f = gcnew BinaryWriter(fs); //bytes received unsigned long processed = 0; pBarFilesTr->Visible = true; pBarFilesTr->Minimum = 0; pBarFilesTr->Maximum = (int)fSize; // Set the initial value of the ProgressBar. pBarFilesTr->Value = 0; pBarFilesTr->Step = 1024; //loop for receive file array<Byte>^ buffer = gcnew array<Byte>(1024); while (processed < fSize) { if ((fSize - processed) < 1024) { int bytes ; array<Byte>^ buf = gcnew array<Byte>(1024); bytes = clientsocket->Receive(buf); if (bytes != 0) { f->Write(buf, 0, bytes); processed = processed + (unsigned long)bytes; pBarFilesTr->PerformStep(); } break; } else { int bytes = clientsocket->Receive(buffer); if (bytes != 0) { f->Write(buffer, 0, 1024); processed = processed + 1024; pBarFilesTr->PerformStep(); } else break; } } statusBar1->Text = "File was received" ; array<Byte>^ buf = gcnew array<Byte>(1); clientsocket->Send(buf,buf->Length,SocketFlags::None); f->Close(); fs->Close(); SystemSounds::Beep->Play(); } }catch(System::Net::Sockets::SocketException ^es) { MessageBox::Show(es->ToString()); } catch(System::Exception ^es) { MessageBox::Show(es->ToString()); } } private: void CreateClient() { clientsock = gcnew System::Net::Sockets::TcpClient(ipAdress, port); ns = clientsock->GetStream(); sr = gcnew StreamReader(ns); statusBar1->Text = "Connected" ; } private:void Send() { try{ OpenFileDialog ^openFileDialog1 = gcnew OpenFileDialog(); System::String ^filePath = ""; System::String ^fileName = ""; //file choose dialog if (openFileDialog1->ShowDialog() == System::Windows::Forms::DialogResult::OK) { filePath = openFileDialog1->FileName; fileName = openFileDialog1->SafeFileName; } else { MessageBox::Show("You must select a file", "Error", MessageBoxButtons::OK, MessageBoxIcon::Exclamation); return; } statusBar1->Text = "Sending file" ; NetworkStream ^writerStream = clientsock->GetStream(); System::Runtime::Serialization::Formatters::Binary::BinaryFormatter ^format = gcnew System::Runtime::Serialization::Formatters::Binary::BinaryFormatter(); array<Byte>^ buffer = gcnew array<Byte>(1024); FileStream ^fs = gcnew FileStream(filePath, FileMode::Open); BinaryReader ^br = gcnew BinaryReader(fs); //file size unsigned long fSize = (unsigned long)fs->Length; //transfer file size + name bFSize = Encoding::GetEncoding(1251)->GetBytes(Convert::ToString(fs->Length+"|"+fileName+"|")); writerStream->Write(bFSize, 0, bFSize->Length); //status bar pBarFilesTr->Visible = true; pBarFilesTr->Minimum = 0; pBarFilesTr->Maximum = (int)fSize; pBarFilesTr->Value = 0; // Set the initial value of the ProgressBar. pBarFilesTr->Step = 1024; //bytes transfered unsigned long processed = 0; int bytes = 1024; //loop for transfer while (processed < fSize) { if ((fSize - processed) < 1024) { bytes = (int)(fSize - processed); array<Byte>^ buf = gcnew array<Byte>(bytes); br->Read(buf, 0, bytes); writerStream->Write(buf, 0, buf->Length); pBarFilesTr->PerformStep(); processed = processed + (unsigned long)bytes; break; } else { br->Read(buffer, 0, 1024); writerStream->Write(buffer, 0, buffer->Length); pBarFilesTr->PerformStep(); processed = processed + 1024; } } array<Byte>^ bufsss = gcnew array<Byte>(100); writerStream->Read(bufsss,0,bufsss->Length); statusBar1->Text = "File was sent" ; btnSend->Enabled = true; fs->Close(); br->Close(); SystemSounds::Beep->Play(); newThread->Abort(); } catch(System::Net::Sockets::SocketException ^es) { MessageBox::Show(es->ToString()); } }

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  • oracle collection not enough values

    - by john
    I did following: create or replace type my_row as object ( lname varchar2(30), fname varchar2(30), MI char(1), hohSSN char (9), hohname VARCHAR2(63), hohDob char(10), dob DATE ); create or replace type eiv.my_rec as table of eiv.my_row; but then doing query like: my_records my_rec select '', '', '', '', '', '', sysdate bulk collect into my_records from dual; gives error ORA-00947: not enough values what can i be doing wrong here?

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  • Why is my implementation of strcmp not returning the proper value?

    - by Avanish Giri
    Why is this printing out 0 back in main but 6 when it is inside of the strcmp function? 7 int main() 8 { 9 char* str = "test string"; 10 char* str2 = "test strong"; 11 //printf("string length = %d\n",strlen(str)); 12 13 int num = strcmp(str,str2); 14 15 printf("num = %d\n",num); 16 } 29 int strcmp(char* str, char* str2) 30 { 31 if(*str == '\0' && *str2 == '\0') 32 return 0; 33 if(*str2 - *str == 0) 34 { 35 strcmp(str+1,str2+1); 36 } 37 else 38 { 39 int num = *str2 - *str; 40 cout << "num = " <<num<<endl; 41 return num; 42 } 43 } The output is: num = 6 num = 0 Why is it printing 0 when obviously the value that it should be returning is 6?

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  • Linked lists in Java - help with assignment

    - by user368241
    Representation of a string in linked lists In every intersection in the list there will be 3 fields : The letter itself. The number of times it appears consecutively. A pointer to the next intersection in the list. The following class CharNode represents a intersection in the list : public class CharNode { private char _data; private int _value; private charNode _next; public CharNode (char c, int val, charNode n) { _data = c; _value = val; _next = n; } public charNode getNext() { return _next; } public void setNext (charNode node) { _next = node; } public int getValue() { return _value; } public void setValue (int v) { value = v; } public char getData() { return _data; } public void setData (char c) { _data = c; } } The class StringList represents the whole list : public class StringList { private charNode _head; public StringList() { _head = null; } public StringList (CharNode node) { _head = node; } } Add methods to the class StringList according to the details : (I will add methods gradually according to my specific questions) (Pay attention, these are methods from the class String and we want to fulfill them by the representation of a string by a list as explained above) public int indexOf (int ch) - returns the index in the string it is operated on of the first appeareance of the char "ch". If the char "ch" doesn't appear in the string, returns -1. If the value of fromIndex isn't in the range, returns -1. Pay attention to all the possible error cases. Write what is the time complexity and space complexity of every method that you wrote. Make sure the methods you wrote are effective. It is NOT allowed to use ready classes of Java. It is NOT allowed to move to string and use string operations. Here is my try to write the method indexOf (int ch). Kindly assist me with fixing the bugs so I can move on. public int indexOf (int ch) { int count = 0; charNode pose = _head; if (pose == null ) { return -1; } for (pose = _head; pose!=null && pose.getNext()!='ch'; pose = pose.getNext()) { count++; } if (pose!=null) return count; else return -1; }

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  • Reading data from text file in C

    - by themake
    I have a text file which contains words separated by space. I want to take each word from the file and store it. So i have opened the file but am unsure how to assign the word to a char. FILE *fp; fp = fopen("file.txt", "r"); //then i want char one = the first word in the file char two = the second word in the file

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  • Truncating a string while storing it in an array in c

    - by Nick
    I am trying to create an array of 20 character strings with a maximum of 17 characters that are obtained from a file named "words.dat". After that the program should truncate the string only showing the first 17 characters and completely ignore the rest of that string. However My question is: I am not quite sure how to accomplish this, can anyone give me some insight on how to accomplish this task? Here is my current code as is: #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #define WORDS 20 #define LENGTH 18 char function1(char[WORDS][LENGTH]); int main( void ) { char word_array [WORDS] [LENGTH]; function1(word_array); return ( 0 ) ; } char function1(char word_array[WORDS][LENGTH]) { FILE *wordsfile = fopen("words.dat", "r"); int i = 0; if (wordsfile == NULL) printf("\nwords.dat was not properly opened.\n"); else { for (i = 0; i < WORDS; i++) { fscanf(wordsfile, "%17s", word_array[i]); printf ("%s \n", word_array[i]); } fclose(wordsfile); } return (word_array[WORDS][LENGTH]); } words.dat file: Ninja DragonsFury failninja dragonsrage leagueoflegendssurfgthyjnu white black red green yellow green leagueoflegendssughjkuj dragonsfury Sword sodas tiger snakes Swords Snakes sage Sample output: blahblah@fang:~>a.out Ninja DragonsFury failninja dragonsrage leagueoflegendssu rfgthyjnu white black red green yellow green leagueoflegendssu ghjkuj dragonsfury Sword sodas tiger snakes Swords blahblah@fang:~> What will be accomplished afterwards with this program is: After function1 works properly I will then create a second function name "function2" that will look throughout the array for matching pairs of words that match "EXACTLY" including case . After I will create a third function that displays the 20 character strings from the words.dat file that I previously created and the matching words.

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  • Image/"most resembling pixel" search optimization?

    - by SigTerm
    The situation: Let's say I have an image A, say, 512x512 pixels, and image B, 5x5 or 7x7 pixels. Both images are 24bit rgb, and B have 1bit alpha mask (so each pixel is either completely transparent or completely solid). I need to find within image A a pixel which (with its' neighbors) most closely resembles image B, OR the pixel that probably most closely resembles image B. Resemblance is calculated as "distance" which is sum of "distances" between non-transparent B's pixels and A's pixels divided by number of non-transparent B's pixels. Here is a sample SDL code for explanation: struct Pixel{ unsigned char b, g, r, a; }; void fillPixel(int x, int y, SDL_Surface* dst, SDL_Surface* src, int dstMaskX, int dstMaskY){ Pixel& dstPix = *((Pixel*)((char*)(dst->pixels) + sizeof(Pixel)*x + dst->pitch*y)); int xMin = x + texWidth - searchWidth; int xMax = xMin + searchWidth*2; int yMin = y + texHeight - searchHeight; int yMax = yMin + searchHeight*2; int numFilled = 0; for (int curY = yMin; curY < yMax; curY++) for (int curX = xMin; curX < xMax; curX++){ Pixel& cur = *((Pixel*)((char*)(dst->pixels) + sizeof(Pixel)*(curX & texMaskX) + dst->pitch*(curY & texMaskY))); if (cur.a != 0) numFilled++; } if (numFilled == 0){ int srcX = rand() % src->w; int srcY = rand() % src->h; dstPix = *((Pixel*)((char*)(src->pixels) + sizeof(Pixel)*srcX + src->pitch*srcY)); dstPix.a = 0xFF; return; } int storedSrcX = rand() % src->w; int storedSrcY = rand() % src->h; float lastDifference = 3.40282347e+37F; //unsigned char mask = for (int srcY = searchHeight; srcY < (src->h - searchHeight); srcY++) for (int srcX = searchWidth; srcX < (src->w - searchWidth); srcX++){ float curDifference = 0; int numPixels = 0; for (int tmpY = -searchHeight; tmpY < searchHeight; tmpY++) for(int tmpX = -searchWidth; tmpX < searchWidth; tmpX++){ Pixel& tmpSrc = *((Pixel*)((char*)(src->pixels) + sizeof(Pixel)*(srcX+tmpX) + src->pitch*(srcY+tmpY))); Pixel& tmpDst = *((Pixel*)((char*)(dst->pixels) + sizeof(Pixel)*((x + dst->w + tmpX) & dstMaskX) + dst->pitch*((y + dst->h + tmpY) & dstMaskY))); if (tmpDst.a){ numPixels++; int dr = tmpSrc.r - tmpDst.r; int dg = tmpSrc.g - tmpDst.g; int db = tmpSrc.g - tmpDst.g; curDifference += dr*dr + dg*dg + db*db; } } if (numPixels) curDifference /= (float)numPixels; if (curDifference < lastDifference){ lastDifference = curDifference; storedSrcX = srcX; storedSrcY = srcY; } } dstPix = *((Pixel*)((char*)(src->pixels) + sizeof(Pixel)*storedSrcX + src->pitch*storedSrcY)); dstPix.a = 0xFF; } This thing is supposed to be used for texture generation. Now, the question: The easiest way to do this is brute force search (which is used in example routine). But it is slow - even using GPU acceleration and dual core cpu won't make it much faster. It looks like I can't use modified binary search because of B's mask. So, how can I find desired pixel faster? Additional Info: It is allowed to use 2 cores, GPU acceleration, CUDA, and 1.5..2 gigabytes of RAM for the task. I would prefer to avoid some kind of lengthy preprocessing phase that will take 30 minutes to finish. Ideas?

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  • How do we simplify this kind of code in Java? Something like macros in C?

    - by Terry Li
    public static boolean diagonals(char[][] b, int row, int col, int l) { int counter = 1; // because we start from the current position char charAtPosition = b[row][col]; int numRows = b.length; int numCols = b[0].length; int topleft = 0; int topright = 0; int bottomleft = 0; int bottomright = 0; for (int i=row-1,j=col-1;i>=0 && j>=0;i--,j--) { if (b[i][j]==charAtPosition) { topleft++; } else { break; } } for (int i=row-1,j=col+1;i>=0 && j<=numCols;i--,j++) { if (b[i][j]==charAtPosition) { topright++; } else { break; } } for (int i=row+1,j=col-1;i<=numRows && j>=0;i++,j--) { if (b[i][j]==charAtPosition) { bottomleft++; } else { break; } } for (int i=row+1,j=col+1;i<=numRows && j<=numCols;i++,j++) { if (b[i][j]==charAtPosition) { bottomright++; } else { break; } } return topleft + bottomright + 1 >= l || topright + bottomleft + 1 >= l; //in this case l is 5 } After I was done posting the code above here, I couldn't help but wanted to simplify the code by merging the four pretty much the same loops into one method. Here's the kind of method I want to have: public int countSteps(char horizontal, char vertical) { } Two parameters horizontal and vertical can be either + or - to indicate the four directions to walk in. What I want to see if possible at all is i++; is generalized to i horizontal horizontal; when horizontal taking the value of +. What I don't want to see is if or switch statements, for example: public int countSteps(char horizontal, char vertical) { if (horizontal == '+' && vertical == '-') { for (int i=row-1,j=col+1;i>=0 && j<=numCols;i--,j++) { if (b[i][j]==charAtPosition) { topright++; } else { break; } } } else if (horizontal == '+' && vertical == '+') { for (int i=row+1,j=col+1;i>=0 && j<=numCols;i++,j++) { if (b[i][j]==charAtPosition) { topright++; } else { break; } } } else if () { } else { } } Since it is as tedious as the original one. Note also that the comparing signs for the loop condition i>=0 && j<=numCols; for example, >= && <= have correspondence with the value combination of horizontal and vertical. Sorry for my bad wording, please let me know if anything is not clear.

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