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• Why is this iptables rule that does port forwarding not working?

  - by videoguy

  I have a server bound to localhost:7060. It is using ipv6 socket instead of ipv4. Below is netstat outout. # netstat -an Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State tcp 0 0 10.200.32.98:1720 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:4122 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:4123 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:4123 127.0.0.1:43051 ESTABLISHED tcp 0 0 10.200.32.98:5555 10.200.32.44:53162 ESTABLISHED tcp6 0 0 :::5060 :::* LISTEN tcp6 0 0 ::ffff:127.0.0.1:7060 :::* LISTEN tcp6 0 0 :::23 :::* LISTEN tcp6 0 0 ::ffff:10.200.32.98:23 ::ffff:10.200.32.142:43505 ESTABLISHED tcp6 0 0 ::ffff:127.0.0.1:43051 ::ffff:127.0.0.1:4123 ESTABLISHED tcp6 0 0 ::ffff:10.200.32.98:23 ::ffff:10.200.32.44:53195 ESTABLISHED udp6 0 0 :::5060 :::* CLOSE # I want to setup a port forwarding rule that accepts connections on port 24 (on all interfaces loopback as well as eth0) and forward the data to localhost:7060. This is how I am setting up the iptables rule: iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp --dport 24 -j DNAT --to 127.0.0.1:7060** It is not working. When I telnet from different box, I see the following $telnet 10.200.32.98 24 Trying 10.200.32.98... If I change the server to bind to *:7060 and set the following rule, it seems to work fine. iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp --dport 24 -j REDIRECT --to-port 7060 But that will make my server available on WAN interface which I don't like. I feel it had something to do with ipv6 socket (tcp6 line in netstat output). This whole thing is done on an Android device with custom built Android platform image. How do I get this working?

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• How do I get a network printer installed in ubuntu 9.04?

  - by SoaperGEM

  My girlfriend's work computer now has Linux on one of the partitions, and for the most part it's running fine--except that I can't seem to get the network printers configured right. There are two of them: a Lanier MP 7500/LD275 and a Lanier MP C3000/LD430c, and Linux seems to have found them both automatically. I'll go through the steps of what I did, and what exactly went wrong. I went to Administration Printing, and clicked the new printer button. It searched for printers and found them both, listed under "Network Printers." I added them as new printers in succession. However, when I clicked "Print a Test Page," it failed saying there was a broken pipe. The device URIs were saved as socket://[ip address]:9100. I changed these to lpd://[ip address] per some online tutorial, which at first looked like it might have worked (but didn't). Then when I tried to print a test page, it first said Processing (and sometimes even Processing - printing test page, 4%, but always subsequently displays Idle - /usr/lib/cups/backend/lpd failed. Help! What do I do? It seems like Linux can find these printers just fine, and the drivers seem to be in place, so what's going wrong?

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• Watchguard Firebox "split" fibre optic line into 2 interfaces

  - by fRAiLtY-

  We have a requirement on our Watchguard Firebox XTM505 to be able to split our incoming external interface, in this case a fibre optic dedicated leased line, 100/100. We use the line in our office of approx 30 machines however we also re-sell to an external company who utilise it to provide wireless internet solutions to the public. The current infrastructure is as follows: Data in (Leased Line) - Juniper SRX210 managed by ISP - 1 cable out into unmanaged Netgear switch - 1 cable into our firewall and office network, 1 cable to our external providers core router managed by them. We have been informed that having the unmanaged switch in the position it is poses a security risk and that a good option would be to get our Watchguard Firewall to perform the split, by separating our office onto a trusted interface, and by "passing through" the external line to their managed router. It is alleged that the Watchguard is capable of doing this and also rate limiting the interfaces, i.e. 20mbps for the trusted interface and 80mbps for the "pass-through", however Watchguard technical support don't seem to be able to understand what we're trying to achieve. Can anyone provide any advice on whether this is possible on a Watchguard device and how or perhaps if there's a better way of achieving this, perhaps with a managed switch instead of unmanaged? Cheers

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• Redirect from folder containing website

  - by Sam

  I have a website reached from this url: http://www.mysite.com/cms/index.php being served from this directory: public_html/cms/index.php In public_html I have this .htaccess RewriteRule (.*) cms/$1 [L] Which lets me get to the site like this: http://www.mysite.com/index.php But now if I reference the 'old' address, I'd like to redirect to the rewritten address with a permanent redirect code. for example: http://www.mysite.com/cms/?q=node/1 is redirected to... http://www.mysite.com/?q=node/1 How can I make this happen? EDIT: Also in the .htaccess file supplied with Drupal(cms), this is written. I've tried enabling it, but it doesn't seem to have any effect. # Modify the RewriteBase if you are using Drupal in a subdirectory or in a # VirtualDocumentRoot and the rewrite rules are not working properly. # For example if your site is at http://example.com/drupal uncomment and # modify the following line: # RewriteBase /drupal EDIT: Including more of my .htaccess file - seems relevant. # Block access to "hidden" directories whose names begin with a period. RewriteRule "(^|/)\." - [F] #Strip cms folder from url RewriteRule (.*) cms/$1 RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !=/favicon.ico RewriteRule ^ index.php [L] # Rules to correctly serve gzip compressed CSS and JS files. # Requires both mod_rewrite and mod_headers to be enabled. <IfModule mod_headers.c> # Serve gzip compressed CSS files if they exist and the client accepts gzip. RewriteCond %{HTTP:Accept-encoding} gzip RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME}\.gz -s RewriteRule ^(.*)\.css $1\.css\.gz [QSA] # Serve gzip compressed JS files if they exist and the client accepts gzip. RewriteCond %{HTTP:Accept-encoding} gzip RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME}\.gz -s RewriteRule ^(.*)\.js $1\.js\.gz [QSA] # Serve correct content types, and prevent mod_deflate double gzip. RewriteRule \.css\.gz$ - [T=text/css,E=no-gzip:1] RewriteRule \.js\.gz$ - [T=text/javascript,E=no-gzip:1] <FilesMatch "(\.js\.gz|\.css\.gz)$"> # Serve correct encoding type. Header append Content-Encoding gzip # Force proxies to cache gzipped & non-gzipped css/js files separately. Header append Vary Accept-Encoding </FilesMatch>

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• Route all traffic of home network through VPN

  - by user436118

  I have a typical semi advanced home network scenario: A cable modem - eth A wireless router (netgear n600) eth and wlan A home server (Running ubuntu 12.04 LTS, connected over wlan) A bunch of wireless clients (wlan) Lying around I have anoher cheaper wlan router, and two different USB wlan NIC's that are known to work with Linux. ACTA struck. I want to route ALL of my WAN traffic through a remote server through a VPN. For sake of completition, lets say there is a remote server running debian sqeeze where a VPN server is to be installed. The network is then to behave so that if the VPN is not operative, it is separated from the outside world. I am familiar with general system/network practices, but lack the specific detailed knowledge to accomplish this. Please suggest the right approach, packages and configurations you'd use to reach said solution. I've also envisioned the following network configuration, please improve it if you see fit: ==LAN== Client ip:10.1.1.x nm:255.0.0.0 gw:10.1.1.1 reached via WLAN Wlan router 1: ip: 10.1.1.1 nm:255.0.0.0 gw: 10.10.10.1 reached via ETH Homeserver: <<< VPN is initiated here, and the other endpoint is somewhere on the internet. eth0: ip:10.10.10.1 nm: 0.0.0.0 gw:192.168.0.1 reached via WLAN Homeserver: wlan0: ip: 192.168.0.2 nm: 255.255.255.0 gw: 192.168.0.1 reached via WLAN ==WAN== Wlan router 2: ip: 192.168.0.1 nm: 0.0.0.0 gw: set via dhcp uplink connector: cable modem Cable Modem: Remote DHCP. Has on-board DHCP server for ethernet device that connects to it, and only works this way. All this WLAN fussery is because my home server is located in a part of the house where a cable link isnt possible unfortunately.

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• SSH from ubuntu server to Windows 2008 repeatedly asks for password

  - by jrizos

  I am trying to setup GIT using SSH mode. The central GIT repository is on a NAS device running Windows 2008 server and the user GIT repository is on ubuntu 12.04. When I try to SSH to the windows machine however I am not able to successfully get in. SSH keays are not setup but I think the problem is even before that since I cant get in just by providing the correct password. The output from the SSH command is below. Any help would be appreciated. dba@clpserv01:~$ ssh -v -l administrator clpnas OpenSSH_5.9p1 Debian-5ubuntu1, OpenSSL 1.0.1 14 Mar 2012 debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config debug1: /etc/ssh/ssh_config line 19: Applying options for * debug1: Connecting to clpnas [***.***.***.***] port 22. debug1: Connection established. debug1: identity file /home/dba/.ssh/id_rsa type -1 debug1: identity file /home/dba/.ssh/id_rsa-cert type -1 debug1: identity file /home/dba/.ssh/id_dsa type -1 debug1: identity file /home/dba/.ssh/id_dsa-cert type -1 debug1: identity file /home/dba/.ssh/id_ecdsa type -1 debug1: identity file /home/dba/.ssh/id_ecdsa-cert type -1 debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_5.5p1 Debian-6+squeeze2 debug1: match: OpenSSH_5.5p1 Debian-6+squeeze2 pat OpenSSH* debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0 debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_5.9p1 Debian-5ubuntu1 debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received debug1: kex: server->client aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none debug1: kex: client->server aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REQUEST(1024<1024<8192) sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_GROUP debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_INIT sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REPLY debug1: Server host key: RSA bd:37:d1:98:51:2a:d6:b5:f5:c7:98:d8:74:2c:4e:cd debug1: Host 'clpnas' is known and matches the RSA host key. debug1: Found key in /home/dba/.ssh/known_hosts:1 debug1: ssh_rsa_verify: signature correct debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received debug1: Roaming not allowed by server debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,password,keyboard-interactive debug1: Next authentication method: publickey debug1: Trying private key: /home/dba/.ssh/id_rsa debug1: Trying private key: /home/dba/.ssh/id_dsa debug1: Trying private key: /home/dba/.ssh/id_ecdsa debug1: Next authentication method: keyboard-interactive Password: debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,password,keyboard-interactive Password:

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• Redirecting or routing all traffic to OpenVPN on a Mac OS X client

  - by sdr56p

  I have configured an OpenVPN (2.2.1) server on an Ubuntu virtual machine in the Amazon elastic compute cloud. The server is up and running. I have installed OpenVPN (2.2.1) on a Mac OS X (10.8.2) client and I am using the openvpn2 binary to connect (in opposition to other clients like Tunnelblick or Viscosity). I can connect with the client and successfully ping or ssh the server through the tunnel. However, I can't redirect all internet traffic through the VPN even if I use the push "redirect-gateway def1 bypass-dhcp" option in the server.conf configurations. When I connect to the server with these configurations, I get a successful connection, but then an infinite series of error messages: "write UDPv4: No route to host (code=65)". Traffic routing seems to be compromised because I am not able to access anything anymore, not even the OpenVPN server (by pinging 10.8.0.1 for instance). This is beyond me. I am finding little help on the web and don't know what to try next. I don't think it is a problem of forwarding the traffic on the server since, first, I have also took care of that and, second, I can't even ping the VPN server locally through the tunnel (or ping anything at all for that matter). Thank you for your help. Here is the server.conf. file: port 1194 proto udp dev tun ca ca.crt cert ec2-server.crt key ec2-server.key # This file should be kept secret dh dh1024.pem server 10.8.0.0 255.255.255.0 ifconfig-pool-persist ipp.txt push "redirect-gateway def1 bypass-dhcp" client-to-client keepalive 10 120 comp-lzo persist-key persist-tun status openvpn-status.log verb 3 And the client.conf file: client dev tun proto udp remote servername.com 1194 resolv-retry infinite nobind persist-key persist-tun ca ca.crt cert Toto5.crt key Toto5.key ns-cert-type server comp-lzo verb 3 Here is the connection log with the error messages: $ sudo openvpn2 --config client.conf Wed Mar 13 22:58:22 2013 OpenVPN 2.2.1 x86_64-apple-darwin12.2.0 [SSL] [LZO2] [eurephia] built on Mar 4 2013 Wed Mar 13 22:58:22 2013 NOTE: OpenVPN 2.1 requires '--script-security 2' or higher to call user-defined scripts or executables Wed Mar 13 22:58:22 2013 LZO compression initialized Wed Mar 13 22:58:22 2013 Control Channel MTU parms [ L:1542 D:138 EF:38 EB:0 ET:0 EL:0 ] Wed Mar 13 22:58:22 2013 Socket Buffers: R=[196724->65536] S=[9216->65536] Wed Mar 13 22:58:22 2013 Data Channel MTU parms [ L:1542 D:1450 EF:42 EB:135 ET:0 EL:0 AF:3/1 ] Wed Mar 13 22:58:22 2013 Local Options hash (VER=V4): '41690919' Wed Mar 13 22:58:22 2013 Expected Remote Options hash (VER=V4): '530fdded' Wed Mar 13 22:58:22 2013 UDPv4 link local: [undef] Wed Mar 13 22:58:22 2013 UDPv4 link remote: 54.234.43.171:1194 Wed Mar 13 22:58:22 2013 TLS: Initial packet from 54.234.43.171:1194, sid=ffbaf343 d0c1a266 Wed Mar 13 22:58:22 2013 VERIFY OK: depth=1, /C=US/ST=CA/L=SanFrancisco/O=Fort-Funst ... ost.domain Wed Mar 13 22:58:22 2013 VERIFY OK: nsCertType=SERVER Wed Mar 13 22:58:22 2013 VERIFY OK: depth=0, /C=US/ST=CA/L=SanFrancisco/O=Fort-Funst ... ost.domain Wed Mar 13 22:58:23 2013 Data Channel Encrypt: Cipher 'BF-CBC' initialized with 128 bit key Wed Mar 13 22:58:23 2013 Data Channel Encrypt: Using 160 bit message hash 'SHA1' for HMAC authentication Wed Mar 13 22:58:23 2013 Data Channel Decrypt: Cipher 'BF-CBC' initialized with 128 bit key Wed Mar 13 22:58:23 2013 Data Channel Decrypt: Using 160 bit message hash 'SHA1' for HMAC authentication Wed Mar 13 22:58:23 2013 Control Channel: TLSv1, cipher TLSv1/SSLv3 DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA, 1024 bit RSA Wed Mar 13 22:58:23 2013 [ec2-server] Peer Connection Initiated with 54.234.43.171:1194 Wed Mar 13 22:58:25 2013 SENT CONTROL [ec2-server]: 'PUSH_REQUEST' (status=1) Wed Mar 13 22:58:25 2013 PUSH: Received control message: 'PUSH_REPLY,route 10.8.0.0 255.255.255.0,topology net30,ping 10,ping-restart 120,ifconfig 10.8.0.6 10.8.0.5' Wed Mar 13 22:58:25 2013 OPTIONS IMPORT: timers and/or timeouts modified Wed Mar 13 22:58:25 2013 OPTIONS IMPORT: --ifconfig/up options modified Wed Mar 13 22:58:25 2013 OPTIONS IMPORT: route options modified Wed Mar 13 22:58:25 2013 ROUTE default_gateway=0.0.0.0 Wed Mar 13 22:58:25 2013 TUN/TAP device /dev/tun0 opened Wed Mar 13 22:58:25 2013 /sbin/ifconfig tun0 delete ifconfig: ioctl (SIOCDIFADDR): Can't assign requested address Wed Mar 13 22:58:25 2013 NOTE: Tried to delete pre-existing tun/tap instance -- No Problem if failure Wed Mar 13 22:58:25 2013 /sbin/ifconfig tun0 10.8.0.6 10.8.0.5 mtu 1500 netmask 255.255.255.255 up Wed Mar 13 22:58:25 2013 /sbin/route add -net 10.8.0.0 10.8.0.5 255.255.255.0 add net 10.8.0.0: gateway 10.8.0.5 Wed Mar 13 22:58:25 2013 Initialization Sequence Completed ^CWed Mar 13 22:58:30 2013 event_wait : Interrupted system call (code=4) Wed Mar 13 22:58:30 2013 TCP/UDP: Closing socket Wed Mar 13 22:58:30 2013 /sbin/route delete -net 10.8.0.0 10.8.0.5 255.255.255.0 delete net 10.8.0.0: gateway 10.8.0.5 Wed Mar 13 22:58:30 2013 Closing TUN/TAP interface Wed Mar 13 22:58:30 2013 SIGINT[hard,] received, process exiting toto5:ttntec2 Dominic$ sudo openvpn2 --config client.conf --remote ec2-54-234-43-171.compute-1.amazonaws.com Wed Mar 13 22:58:57 2013 OpenVPN 2.2.1 x86_64-apple-darwin12.2.0 [SSL] [LZO2] [eurephia] built on Mar 4 2013 Wed Mar 13 22:58:57 2013 NOTE: OpenVPN 2.1 requires '--script-security 2' or higher to call user-defined scripts or executables Wed Mar 13 22:58:57 2013 LZO compression initialized Wed Mar 13 22:58:57 2013 Control Channel MTU parms [ L:1542 D:138 EF:38 EB:0 ET:0 EL:0 ] Wed Mar 13 22:58:57 2013 Socket Buffers: R=[196724->65536] S=[9216->65536] Wed Mar 13 22:58:57 2013 Data Channel MTU parms [ L:1542 D:1450 EF:42 EB:135 ET:0 EL:0 AF:3/1 ] Wed Mar 13 22:58:57 2013 Local Options hash (VER=V4): '41690919' Wed Mar 13 22:58:57 2013 Expected Remote Options hash (VER=V4): '530fdded' Wed Mar 13 22:58:57 2013 UDPv4 link local: [undef] Wed Mar 13 22:58:57 2013 UDPv4 link remote: 54.234.43.171:1194 Wed Mar 13 22:58:57 2013 TLS: Initial packet from 54.234.43.171:1194, sid=a0d75468 ec26de14 Wed Mar 13 22:58:58 2013 VERIFY OK: depth=1, /C=US/ST=CA/L=SanFrancisco/O=Fort-Funst ... ost.domain Wed Mar 13 22:58:58 2013 VERIFY OK: nsCertType=SERVER Wed Mar 13 22:58:58 2013 VERIFY OK: depth=0, /C=US/ST=CA/L=SanFrancisco/O=Fort-Funst ... ost.domain Wed Mar 13 22:58:58 2013 Data Channel Encrypt: Cipher 'BF-CBC' initialized with 128 bit key Wed Mar 13 22:58:58 2013 Data Channel Encrypt: Using 160 bit message hash 'SHA1' for HMAC authentication Wed Mar 13 22:58:58 2013 Data Channel Decrypt: Cipher 'BF-CBC' initialized with 128 bit key Wed Mar 13 22:58:58 2013 Data Channel Decrypt: Using 160 bit message hash 'SHA1' for HMAC authentication Wed Mar 13 22:58:58 2013 Control Channel: TLSv1, cipher TLSv1/SSLv3 DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA, 1024 bit RSA Wed Mar 13 22:58:58 2013 [ec2-server] Peer Connection Initiated with 54.234.43.171:1194 Wed Mar 13 22:59:00 2013 SENT CONTROL [ec2-server]: 'PUSH_REQUEST' (status=1) Wed Mar 13 22:59:00 2013 PUSH: Received control message: 'PUSH_REPLY,redirect-gateway def1 bypass-dhcp,route 10.8.0.0 255.255.255.0,topology net30,ping 10,ping-restart 120,ifconfig 10.8.0.6 10.8.0.5' Wed Mar 13 22:59:00 2013 OPTIONS IMPORT: timers and/or timeouts modified Wed Mar 13 22:59:00 2013 OPTIONS IMPORT: --ifconfig/up options modified Wed Mar 13 22:59:00 2013 OPTIONS IMPORT: route options modified Wed Mar 13 22:59:00 2013 ROUTE default_gateway=0.0.0.0 Wed Mar 13 22:59:00 2013 TUN/TAP device /dev/tun0 opened Wed Mar 13 22:59:00 2013 /sbin/ifconfig tun0 delete ifconfig: ioctl (SIOCDIFADDR): Can't assign requested address Wed Mar 13 22:59:00 2013 NOTE: Tried to delete pre-existing tun/tap instance -- No Problem if failure Wed Mar 13 22:59:00 2013 /sbin/ifconfig tun0 10.8.0.6 10.8.0.5 mtu 1500 netmask 255.255.255.255 up Wed Mar 13 22:59:00 2013 /sbin/route add -net 54.234.43.171 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 add net 54.234.43.171: gateway 0.0.0.0 Wed Mar 13 22:59:00 2013 /sbin/route add -net 0.0.0.0 10.8.0.5 128.0.0.0 add net 0.0.0.0: gateway 10.8.0.5 Wed Mar 13 22:59:00 2013 /sbin/route add -net 128.0.0.0 10.8.0.5 128.0.0.0 add net 128.0.0.0: gateway 10.8.0.5 Wed Mar 13 22:59:00 2013 /sbin/route add -net 10.8.0.0 10.8.0.5 255.255.255.0 add net 10.8.0.0: gateway 10.8.0.5 Wed Mar 13 22:59:00 2013 Initialization Sequence Completed Wed Mar 13 22:59:00 2013 write UDPv4: No route to host (code=65) Wed Mar 13 22:59:00 2013 write UDPv4: No route to host (code=65) Wed Mar 13 22:59:01 2013 write UDPv4: No route to host (code=65) Wed Mar 13 22:59:01 2013 write UDPv4: No route to host (code=65) Wed Mar 13 22:59:01 2013 write UDPv4: No route to host (code=65) Wed Mar 13 22:59:02 2013 write UDPv4: No route to host (code=65) Wed Mar 13 22:59:02 2013 write UDPv4: No route to host (code=65) Wed Mar 13 22:59:02 2013 write UDPv4: No route to host (code=65) Wed Mar 13 22:59:02 2013 write UDPv4: No route to host (code=65) Wed Mar 13 22:59:02 2013 write UDPv4: No route to host (code=65) ... The routing table after a connection WITHOUT the push redirect-gateway (all traffic is not redirected to the VPN and everything is working fine, I can ping or ssh the OpenVPN server and access all other Internet resources through my default gateway): Destination Gateway Flags Refs Use Netif Expire default user148-1.wireless UGSc 50 0 en1 10.8/24 10.8.0.5 UGSc 2 7 tun0 10.8.0.5 10.8.0.6 UH 3 2 tun0 127 localhost UCS 0 0 lo0 localhost localhost UH 6 6692 lo0 client.openvpn.net client.openvpn.net UH 3 18 lo0 142.1.148/22 link#5 UCS 2 0 en1 user148-1.wireless 0:90:b:27:10:71 UHLWIir 50 0 en1 76 user150-173.wirele localhost UHS 0 0 lo0 142.1.151.255 ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff UHLWbI 0 2 en1 169.254 link#5 UCS 1 0 en1 169.254.255.255 0:90:b:27:10:71 UHLSWi 0 0 en1 71 The routing table after a connection with the push redirect-gateway option enable as in the server.conf file above (all internet traffic should be redirected to the VPN tunnel, but nothing is working, I can't access any Internet ressources at all): Destination Gateway Flags Refs Use Netif Expire 0/1 10.8.0.5 UGSc 1 0 tun0 default user148-1.wireless UGSc 7 0 en1 10.8/24 10.8.0.5 UGSc 0 0 tun0 10.8.0.5 10.8.0.6 UHr 6 0 tun0 54.234.43.171/32 0.0.0.0 UGSc 1 0 en1 127 localhost UCS 0 0 lo0 localhost localhost UH 3 6698 lo0 client.openvpn.net client.openvpn.net UH 0 27 lo0 128.0/1 10.8.0.5 UGSc 2 0 tun0 142.1.148/22 link#5 UCS 1 0 en1 user148-1.wireless 0:90:b:27:10:71 UHLWIir 1 0 en1 833 user150-173.wirele localhost UHS 0 0 lo0 169.254 link#5 UCS 1 0 en1 169.254.255.255 0:90:b:27:10:71 UHLSW 0 0 en1

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• Skipping nginx PHP cache for certain areas of a site?

  - by DisgruntledGoat

  I have just set up a new server with nginx (which I am new to) and PHP. On my site there are essentially 3 different types of files: static content like CSS, JS, and some images (most images are on an external CDN) main PHP/MySQL database-driven website which essentially acts like a static site dynamic PHP/MySQL forum It is my understanding from this question and this page that the static files need no special treatment and will be served as fast as possible. I followed the answer from the above question to set up caching for PHP files and now I have a config like this: location ~ \.php$ { try_files $uri =404; fastcgi_cache one; fastcgi_cache_key $scheme$host$request_uri; fastcgi_cache_valid 200 302 304 30m; fastcgi_cache_valid 301 1h; include /etc/nginx/fastcgi_params; fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php-fastcgi/php-fastcgi.socket; fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /srv/www/example$fastcgi_script_name; fastcgi_param HTTPS off; } However, now I want to prevent caching on the forum (either for everyone or only for logged-in users - haven't checked if the latter is feasible with the forum software). I've heard that "if is evil" inside location blocks, so I am unsure how to proceed. With the if inside the location block I would probably add this in the middle: if ($request_uri ~* "^/forum/") { fastcgi_cache_bypass 1; } # or possible this, if I'm able to cache pages for anonymous visitors if ($request_uri ~* "^/forum/" && $http_cookie ~* "loggedincookie") { fastcgi_cache_bypass 1; } Will that work fine, or is there a better way to achieve this?

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• iptables : how to allow incoming ftp traffic?

  - by logansama

  Hi, Still fighting my way through the jungle that is called iptables. I have managed to allow FTP access outside of our LAN: both these would work. NOTE: eth0 is the LAN interface and eth1 is the WAN interface. iptables -t filter -A FORWARD -i eth0 -p tcp --dport 20:21 -j ACCEPT or iptables -A FORWARD -i eth0 -o eth1 -p tcp --sport 20:21 --dport 1024:65535 -j ACCEPT But when i connect to a external FTP server i manage to log in and all is fine until it wishes to List the directory content. Then nothing happens as the data is blocked, due to the fact that i do not have a rule set up to allow it! (my last rule on the FORWARD chain is to block all traffic) I have tried a gazillion rules (many of which i did not understand) to try and allow the FTP traffic back through my server. One such rule for example was: iptables -A FORWARD -i eth1 -o eth0 -p tcp --sport 20:21 --dport 1024:65535 -j ACCEPT But i cannot get the List to work. It just times out after a while. Would anyone perhaps know how to build a rule which would allow FTP to List / allow such traffic back? Or have a link to sources i could work through? Thank you,

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• realtek lan driver problem - win 7

  - by tango _123

  Hi, my new notebook (ACER TM 8371) with Win 7(x32) professional as OS, has strage behaviour with respect to LAN. when I plug or unplug my charger cable, or my notebook goes in stad-by, or just a do nothing, the netwrok connection is lost. All the energy savings functionbality have been in-activated. if i check the network adapter information, it says "a network cabel is unplugged or corrupted", but it is not true.....the cable is in and it is not corrupted (i tried several which works on other machines). if a tried to di-habilitate and hence re-habilitate, it allows di-habilitation and not to further re-habilitate (it says "no driver for the network card" are available). in some cases, also, the driver disappears (i cannot see it anylonger). if i restart the notebook, everything comes back to normality, but.....today in 3 hours i had to restart 6 times!!! can anyone help me? win 7 says the driver is the last one, so no need to update it. here are some techinical information aboiut network card and driver: Name [00000015] Realtek PCIe GBE Family Controller Adapter type Ethernet 802.3 Product type Realtek PCIe GBE Family Controller Installated YES ID device PNP PCI\VEN_10EC&DEV_8168&SUBSYS_02831025&REV_02\4&266E4C4F&0&00E2 last reset 20/11/2009 11:27 Index 15 Service name RTL8167 I/O Port 0x0000FF00-0x0000FFFF Memory address 0xE2500000-0xE2500FFF Memory address 0xE1400000-0xE140FFFF IRQ Channel IRQ 18 Driver c:\windows\system32\drivers\rt86win7.sys (7.3.522.2009, 164,00 KB (167.936 Byte), 28/08/2009 22:12)

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• How do I speed up and cache mmap file access over NFS on Linux?

  - by Zan Lynx

  The server and client are both 64-bit Ubuntu 10.04 LTS. The application in question is a custom app that uses mmap() for fast random file access. Its ideal state is when the entire file is cached in RAM. The network connections are really fast 10Gb Ethernet. It is a virtual server blade setup. It isn't the network connections slowing things down because everything performs superbly when using a virtual disk (iSCSI to the SAN). But when we run the application on a NFS home directory mount, performance goes to the dogs. It appears that the Linux kernel isn't caching anything. So it is reading every single disk block needed by mmap() accesses over and over and over again. The NFS mount is done through autofs, which has only default settings. /proc/mounts shows the NFS mount is done with the following options: rw,relatime,vers=3,rsize=131072,wsize=131072,namlen=255,hard,proto=tcp,timeo=600,retrans=2,sec=sys,mountaddr=192.168.11.52,mountvers=3,mountproto=tcp,addr=192.168.11.52 How can I make Ubuntu 10.04 cache the file instead of reloading it all the time?

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• Read non-blocking from multiple fifos in parallel

  - by Ole Tange

  I sometimes sit with a bunch of output fifos from programs that run in parallel. I would like to merge these fifos. The naïve solution is: cat fifo* > output But this requires the first fifo to complete before reading the first byte from the second fifo, and this will block the parallel running programs. Another way is: (cat fifo1 & cat fifo2 & ... ) > output But this may mix the output thus getting half-lines in output. When reading from multiple fifos, there must be some rules for merging the files. Typically doing it on a line by line basis is enough for me, so I am looking for something that does: parallel_non_blocking_cat fifo* > output which will read from all fifos in parallel and merge the output on with a full line at a time. I can see it is not hard to write that program. All you need to do is: open all fifos do a blocking select on all of them read nonblocking from the fifo which has data into the buffer for that fifo if the buffer contains a full line (or record) then print out the line if all fifos are closed/eof: exit goto 2 So my question is not: can it be done? My question is: Is it done already and can I just install a tool that does this?

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• nginx won't serve an error_page in a subdirectory of the document root

  - by Brandan

  (Cross-posted from Stack Overflow; could possibly be migrated from there.) Here's a snippet of my nginx configuration: server { error_page 500 /errors/500.html; } When I cause a 500 in my application, Chrome just shows its default 500 page (Firefox and Safari show a blank page) rather than my custom error page. I know the file exists because I can visit http://server/errors/500.html and I see the page. I can also move the file to the document root and change the configuration to this: server { error_page 500 /500.html; } and nginx serves the page correctly, so it's doesn't seem like it's something else misconfigured on the server. I've also tried: server { error_page 500 $document_root/errors/500.html; } and: server { error_page 500 http://$http_host/errors/500.html; } and: server { error_page 500 /500.html; location = /500.html { root /path/to/errors/; } } with no luck. Is this expected behavior? Do error pages have to exist at the document root, or am I missing something obvious? Update 1: This also fails: server { error_page 500 /foo.html; } when foo.html does indeed exist in the document root. It almost seems like something else is overwriting my configuration, but this block is the only place anywhere in /etc/nginx/* that references the error_page directive. Is there any other place that could set nginx configuration?

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• Linux RAID: Replacing Failed Drive...permanantly

  - by user137519

  Okay, odd question here. I have a server with RAID 5. A drive failed, in a really physically in a really odd way. On the machine it boots and is seen by the BIOS but...no partition can be seen on the drive consistantly (in and out). 2 out of 3 drives working...I made new spare disk and added it, RAID 5 rebuilt clean. All appears well but...when I reboot it keeps trying to use the 2nd drive which doesn't give any partition data, so of course the RAID 5 gets 2 out of 3...again. The status of my drive is as follows: /dev/sda2:Good /dev/sdb2 (drive has physical problem so no partition data) bad, /dev/sdc2:good /dev/sdd2:good. Every time I reboot the mdadm system seems to keep trying to use /dev/sdb which has physical failure (although spins and is detected). /dev/sdd is the new drive I created. I added /dev/sdd to the raid and it rebuilds the raid but this action isn't memorized upon reboot so it keeps listing /dev/sda and /dev/sdc but doesn't use the perfectly good /dev/sdd until I re-add manually. I've tried removing the dead drive with the mdadm tool, but as it cannot see /dev/sdb paritions it will not fail or remove it (says partition doesn't exist). the /etc/mdadm.conf was automatically made on the original OS install which only lists: DEVICE partitions MAILADDR root ARRAY /dev/md2 super-minor=2 ARRAY /dev/md0 super-minor=0 ARRAY /dev/md1 super-minor=1 Basically just the raids to use on boot. I need to remove this semi-dead drive (/dev/sdb) but I'd prefer to know why this is happening before I do. any ideas or suggestions. I supposed I could attempt to clone/replace /dev/sdb (the partitions on drive show up, then disappear shortly after) but given the partition "chester cat" behaviour this seems risky to me and as I have a working "spare" it seems unnecessary. Thanks in advance for your insight.

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• PHP-FPM processes holding onto MongoDB connection states

  - by Brendan

  For the relevant part of our server stack, we're running: NGINX 1.2.3 PHP-FPM 5.3.10 with PECL mongo 1.2.12 MongoDB 2.0.7 CentOS 6.2 We're getting some strange, but predictable behavior when the MongoDB server goes away (crashes, gets killed, etc). Even with a try/catch block around the connection code, i.e: try { $mdb = new Mongo('mongodb://localhost:27017'); } catch (MongoConnectionException $e) { die( $e->getMessage() ); } $db = $mdb->selectDB('collection_name'); Depending on which PHP-FPM workers have connected to mongo already, the connection state is cached, causing further exceptions to go unhandled, because the $mdb connection handler can't be used. The troubling thing is that the try does not consistently fail for a considerable amount of time, up to 15 minutes later, when -- I assume -- the php-fpm processes die/respawn. Essentially, the behavior is that when you hit a worker that hasn't connected to mongo yet, you get the die message above, and when you connect to a worker that has, you get an unhandled exception from $mdb->selectDB('collection_name'); because catch does not run. When PHP is a single process, i.e. via Apache with mod_php, this behavior does not occur. Just for posterity, going back to Apache/mod_php is not an option for us at this time. Is there a way to fix this behavior? I don't want the connection state to be inconsistent between different php-fpm processes.

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• Adding a transaction ID to ruby-on-rails logs

  - by Blue Warrior NFB

  We have a RoR app (rails version 3.2.15 right now). As it has been getting busier, the log-files it's producing are becoming less and less useful for troubleshooting. When they come in like this, it's not a problem: Started GET "/accounts/28088166/kittens/22894/rendered_png?file_id=5d3eaec77954a489b5ddd75143091767&kitten_store_id=9970569bbacf7b6dbeb4eb9295960d69&size=large" for 172.16.202.30 at 2013-11-12 13:45:00 +0000 Processing by KittenController#rendered_png as HTML Parameters: {"file_id"="5d3eaec77954a489b5ddd75143091767", "kitten_store_id"="9970569bbacf7b6dbeb4eb9295960d69", "size"="large", "kitten_cam_id"="280941", "id"="kjlak357aw479607t"} Rendered text template (0.0ms) Sent data (1.8ms) Completed 200 OK in 1037.4ms (Views: 1.4ms | ActiveRecord: 98.4ms) Short request, quickly assembled, all the relevant log-lines are in one block. However, not all of our code renders in 1037ms. There are a few calls that can exceed several seconds, and during that time several of these quicker ones can come in. When that happens, its very, very hard to identify which log-lines belong to which GET. Sent data (4.1ms) Completed 200 OK in 767.4ms (Views: 3.2ms | ActiveRecord: 72.2ms) Completed 200 OK in 2338.0ms (Views: 0.2ms | ActiveRecord: 0.0ms) Ooookaaaay... which goes to what? Is it possible to add something like a transaction-ID to these log-lines? The log-spam would be interspersed, but at least grep-magic would give me the unified entries that I need.

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• How to tell Linux to explicitly swap out main memory of a suspended process?

  - by Vi

  I run a memory-hungry process (mkcromfs) which consumes more memory than I have physical memory on my latop, so it is paging and swappin and thrashing all the time and loadavg is about 2 (compcache is already in use with usual swap partition as well), but slowly moving forward (Although I afraid it will finally try to allocate 2GB and crash draining 2 days of thrashing). When I want to use the laptop for something else, I stop the process, start X server, firefox and other programs. The problem is that when I start Firefox the loadavg jumps to 10 and the system becomes almost unresponsive at all (long time to turn on/off caps lock, slow mouse cursor position updates, slow switching from X server to Linux console, slow login). The stopped mkcromfs still holds a lot of memory (464.8 MiB and slowly falling) and moves it to swap only when more memory is needed for some other program, which results in a great slowdown. How to tell the Linux to swap out this process entirely (e.g. I'm not intending to resume it in short term), possibly waking from swap other data? Also it will be useful to be able to specify the exact swap device to swap the given process out.

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• No partition on USB Flash Drive?

  - by Skytunnel

  A friend gave me a corrupted USB memory stick to try recovery data from. But I've had some unusual results, so thought I'd share to see if anyone is familiar with this problem... First off I just tried opening from my own PC. Windows prompted to Format the drive, which I of course declined Downloaded TestDisk to anaylsis the drive. And right away I noticed something strange, on the listed drives it comes up as Disk /dev/sdc - 6144 B - USB Flash Drive That's right, the first USB flash drive smaller than a floppy disk!? Moving on anyway... first anaylsis comes up with: Partition sector doesn't have the endmark 0xAA55 TestDisk's Quick Search gave no results, moved on to Deeper Search: No partition found or selected for recovery This left me stumped. I tired a couple of other programs with no success I did manage to get a backup image, but it was just as small as TestDisk indicated, so nothing of use on it After a few hours trying various suggestions from other sources, I gave in and just tried formatting the drive. But returned the message: Windows was unable to complete the format. From googling that, the suggestion was to delete the partition. But there is no partition to delete in this case. most recently I've tried formatting from cmd, and got this result: Format D: /FS:FAT32 The type of the file system is RAW The new file system is FAT32 Verifying 0M 11 bad sectors were encountered during the format. These sectors cannot be guaranteed to have been cleaned The volume is too small for FAT32 Anyone got any suggestions? UPDATE: As per suggestion from @Karen, I tried running a CLEAN from DISKPART, results as follows DiskPart has encountered an error: The request could not be preformed because of an I/O device error.

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• TCP/UDP hole punching from and to the same NAT network

  - by Luc

  I was wondering if tcp/udp hole punching would still work when you are in the same network (behind a NAT), and what the packet's path would be. What happens when using hole punching on the same network, is that it will send a packet out with the same destination and source address. Only the source and destination port would differ. I imagine a router with NAT loopback enabled will handle this as it should, but how about other routers? Would they drop the packet, or would a router (the first?) from the ISP bounce the packet back after which it gets handled okay? I'm wondering because I was thinking about using this technique to circumvent a block between peers in a network (like a school network where clients can only access the internet, but any contact with each other is blocked). The only other option is to use a man in the middle as proxy (tunnel?). The disadvantage of this is that you have to have a server with significantly more bandwidth than one that would only do hole punching. Also the latency would increase significantly.

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• Blue screen of Death on Install

  - by Toby Allen

  I have a machine with Windows Vista Installed. It has an Intel X25 SSD as the System Drive I want to reinstall (I plan to format and overwrite Vista) with XP. When I boot up using the Dell XP CD it loads the initial drivers then i get a Blue Screen. This is quite concerning. The installed OS works ok, but its giving problems so I want to remove it. Should I just format the SSD and try again? Will this make any difference? Can I do something to avoid hitting the Blue Screen? Its possible I had corrupt sectors on one of the other disks, will a new XP install use the System drive or drive 0? Can I force the install to use a specific drive when installing? Error: *** STOP: 0x0000007B (0xF78D2524,0x0000034,0x00000000,0x00000000) I never did find the answer, however I removed the SSD and tried to install on other disk - CRASH I disconnected the other disk and tried to install with only SSD plugged in - CRASH I removed 1 block of RAM - CRASH I used a windows 7 CD - NO CRASH

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• Strange File-Server I/O Spikes - What Is Causing This?

  - by CruftRemover

  I am currently having a problem with a small Linux server that is providing file-sharing services to four Windows 7 32-bit clients. The server is an AMD PhenomX3 with two Western Digital 10EADS (1TB) drives, attached to a Gigabyte GA-MA770T-UD3 mainboard and running Ubuntu Server 10.04.1 LTS. The client machines are taking an extremely long time to access/transfer data on the file server. Applications often become non-responsive while trying to open files located remotely, or one program attempting to open a file but having to wait will prevent other software from accessing network resources at all. Other examples include one image taking 20 seconds or more to open, and in one instance a user waited 110 seconds for Microsoft Word 2007 to save a document. I had initially thought the problem was network-related, but this appears not to be the case. All cables and switches have been tested (one cable was replaced) for verification. This was additionally confirmed when closing down all client machines and rebooting the server resulted in the hard-drive light staying on solid during the startup process. For the first 15 minutes during boot, logon and after logging on (with no client machines attached), the system displayed a load average of 4 or higher. Symptoms included waiting several minutes for the logon prompt to appear, and then several minutes for the password prompt to appear after typing in a user name. After logon, it also took upwards of 45 seconds for the 'smartctl' man page to appear after the command 'man smartctl' was issued. After 15 minutes of this behaviour, the load average dropped to around 0.02 and the machine behaved normally. I have also considered that the problem is hard-drive-related, however diagnostic programs reveal no drive problems. Western Digital DLG, Spinrite and SMARTUDM show no abnormal characteristics - the drives are in perfect health as far as the hardware is concerned. I have thus far been completely unable to track down the cause of this problem, so any help is greatly appreciated. Requested Information: Output of 'free' hxxp://pastebin.com/mfsJS8HS (stupid spam filter) The command 'hdparm -d /dev/sda1' reports: HDIO_GET_DMA failed: Inappropriate ioctl for device (the BIOS is set to AHCI - I probably should have mentioned that).

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• linux shutdown hang with wifi cifs mounts

  - by Sirex

  Since fedora 15 (and now with 16) it seems that wireless clients take a long while to shutdown when they have network filesystems mounted at shutdown time. I've pushed out a cifs mount via puppet, and all clients have it, including those on wireless. If say a laptop is on a wired connection it shuts down just fine, but if its on the wifi at the time (and no wired connection) it'll hang at the fedora f logo. I'm not sure if its indefinite or just a really long while, but ill give it a test when i shut this machine down in a second. Needless to say its pretty annoying, so is there a way of causing the machine to shutdown even if network connectivity has been lost at unmount time, -- or an official way to reorder events so the wireless card is kept up until after the unmount happens during the shut down process (short of writing a custom script for shutdowns which is a bit of a kludge) ? It does this on multiple machines, and all started doing it when we went from fedora 14 to 15. It was such an obvious issue i'd kind of assumed someone must have reported it or there was an easy fix, but i've not discovered anything yet. Additional info: I can confirm that manually unmounting the mounts then shutting down (sudo shutdown or the xfce shutdown button) will shutdown just fine, it only hangs if the mounts are still mounted The puppet config that sets the mount looks like this (now with the _netdev entry that is indeed pushed to clients successfully, but makes no difference): file { "/mnt/share": ensure = directory,} mount { "/mnt/share": atboot = true, ensure = mounted, remounts = false, fstype = cifs, device = "//srv/share", options = "user,gid=shareusers,uid=${user},file_mode=0700,dir_mode=0700,credentials=/root/.smbcreds,_netdev", require = [ File["/mnt/share"], Group["shareusers"] ], } }

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• Creating a private wiki

  - by Hand-E-Food

  I want to create a simple, private wiki, but am really struggling to find what I need. I require the following features: Private wiki. Only I will read or write it. Some formatting capability: headings, bold, italic, bullets, block quotes Wiki Viewer for Windows 7. If it comes with an editor, I need to be able to hide it. Page Editor for Windows 7. Page Editor for iPhone. Synchronize by cloud but available offline in Windows. So far, my research has led me to Markdown language. I can easily edit this as plain text using Notepad++ for Windows and Elements for iPhone. I can sync these files through Dropbox and have them available offline. What I can't find is a suitable viewer for Windows. I'd prefer to steer away from using HTML due to its verbose formatting codes. Can anyone recommend a solution for me? If need be, I'll happy to make a small one-off payment for software.

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• Kickstarting an Ubuntu Server 10.04 installation (DHCP fails)

  - by William

  I'm trying to automate the network installation of Ubuntu 10.04 LTS with an anaconda kickstart and everything seems to running except for the initial DHCP autoconfiguration. The installer attempts to configure the install via DHCP but fails on its first attempt. This brings me to a prompt where I can retry DHCP and it seems to always work on the second attempt. My issue is that this is not really automated if I have to hit retry for DHCP. Is there something I can add to the kickstart file so that it will automatically retry or better yet not fail the first time? Thanks. Kickstart: # System language lang en_US # Language modules to install langsupport en_US # System keyboard keyboard us # System mouse mouse # System timezone timezone America/New_York # Root password rootpw --iscrypted $1$unrsWyF2$B0W.k2h1roBSSFmUDsW0r/ # Initial user user --disabled # Reboot after installation reboot # Use text mode install text # Install OS instead of upgrade install # Use Web installation url --url=http://10.16.0.1/cobbler/ks_mirror/ubuntu-10.04-x86_64/ # System bootloader configuration bootloader --location=mbr # Clear the Master Boot Record zerombr yes # Partition clearing information clearpart --all --initlabel # Disk partitioning information part swap --size 512 part / --fstype ext3 --size 1 --grow # System authorization infomation auth --useshadow --enablemd5 %include /tmp/pre_install_ubuntu_network_config # Always install the server kernel. preseed --owner d-i base-installer/kernel/override-image string linux-server # Install the Ubuntu Server seed. preseed --owner tasksel tasksel/force-tasks string server # Firewall configuration firewall --disabled # Do not configure the X Window System skipx %pre wget "http://10.16.0.1/cblr/svc/op/trig/mode/pre/system/Test-D" -O /dev/null # Network information # Start pre_install_network_config generated code # Start of code to match cobbler system interfaces to physical interfaces by their mac addresses # Start eth0 # Configuring eth0 (00:1A:64:36:B1:C8) if ip -o link show | grep -i 00:1A:64:36:B1:C8 then IFNAME=$(ip -o link show | grep -i 00:1A:64:36:B1:C8 | cut -d" " -f2 | tr -d :) echo "network --device=$IFNAME --bootproto=dhcp" >> /tmp/pre_install_ubuntu_network_config fi # End pre_install_network_config generated code %packages openssh-server

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• mouse pointer moving on its own

  - by PA

  After two months of working correctly, I am experiencing an strange and very annoying problem. My mouse pointer is moving on its own. If I move the mouse to the left, as soon as I stop the movement, the pointer runs again to the far right. This makes the mouse totally unusable. The mouse device is an optical USB mouse. It is not a problem with the mouse itself. I have tried with another mouse, same problem. (both mice are OK, I have tried both mice on my laptop, both worked perfectly) Have tried different surfaces, too. Same problem. System is Windows XP Pro SP3. Computer is a desktop PC two months old. I suspected it could be a problem with the mouse driver. But both mice are from different brand, so I suppose they use different drivers. What else can I try? any suggestion?

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