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• a disk read error occurred [closed]

  - by kellogs

  Hi, ¨a disk read error occurred¨ appears on screen after choosing to boot into Windows XP from GRUB. [root@localhost linux]# fdisk -lu Disk /dev/sda: 160.0 GB, 160041885696 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 19457 cylinders, total 312581808 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x48424841 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 63 204214271 102107104+ 7 HPFS/NTFS Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 204214272 255606783 25696256 af HFS / HFS+ Partition 2 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda3 255606784 276488191 10440704 c W95 FAT32 (LBA) Partition 3 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda4 276490179 312576704 18043263 5 Extended /dev/sda5 * 276490240 286709759 5109760 83 Linux /dev/sda6 286712118 310488254 11888068+ b W95 FAT32 /dev/sda7 310488318 312576704 1044193+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris sda is a 160GB hard disk with quite a few partitions and 3 OSes installed. I am able to boot into Linux and Mac OS fine, but not into Windows anymore. The Windows system is located on /dev/sda1. I can not recall how exactly have I used testdisk but it once said that ¨The harddisk /dev/sda (160GB / 149 GB) seems too small! (< 172GB / 157GB)¨ or something simillar. So far I have tried to ¨fixboot¨ and ¨chkdsk¨ from a recovery console on the affected windows partition (/dev/sda1), the plug off power cord for 15 seconds trick, reinstalling GRUB, repairing the MFT and boot sector of the affected partition via testdisk, what next please ? Thank you!

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• Size of modules within initrd

  - by LiKao

  I am currently trying to manually replace the kernel within ubuntu-core on an embedded device with a custom kernel. However when I try to update the initrd my initrd becomes much bigger. Here is what I did: Extract the initrd that was shipped with ubuntu Make a list of all modules within the old initrd get the same modules from the new module director at /lib/modules/new_kernel_version add these modules to the initrd and remove the old ones If I do this my initrd becomes quite bigger than the original one, so I checked the individual modules. I picked the btrfs.ko filesystem driver as an example. So by comparing these two modules I noticed the one I just picked into the initrd was much bigger, which caused the difference in size. -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 999K Nov 14 15:06 btrfs.ko For the btrfs.ko within the shipped initrd. -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 7.2M Nov 14 15:08 btrfs.ko For the new btrfs.ko. What is different between these two modules? Could this be caused by some faulty setting for the new kernel? When producing the kernel I copied /proc/config.gz and used make oldconfig to update it, so all optimisations should be the same for both kernels. Or is there something else which is being done to the modules before they are put into the initrd? Maybe is there even some better way to build a new initrd for the new kernel in ubuntu altogether. Update: I just also tested with an initrd which I created from scratch using the mkinitrfs command within ubuntu, and it has the same size difference that I found for the initrd I manually updated.

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• Debugging nginx URL rewrite: How do I figure out where the problem is?

  - by pjmorse

  I have a specific URL pattern on a site which needs to be redirected to the HTTPS version. This is a Django site; Nginx checks each URL in memcached, and if it doesn't find a cached version it proxies the request to Apache/mod_python for Django to render the page. The relevant configuration block is rewrite ^/certificate https://mysite.com/certificate ; rewrite ^/([a-zA-Z]{2})/certificate https://mysite.com/certificate ; ...and it doesn't appear to be working at all. Nginx is: $ nginx -V nginx version: nginx/0.7.65 built by gcc 4.2.4 (Ubuntu 4.2.4-1ubuntu4) TLS SNI support disabled configure arguments: --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --pid-path=/var/run/nginx.pid --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_ssl_module How can I figure out if the problem is my patterns not matching, or a more obscure configuration problem? (The site is localized to three languages, and the localization is in the URL string, e.g. /US/news/, /DE/about, etc. It tracks localization in the session as well, defaulting to US, so if you just requested /news Django will rewrite to /US/news unless the user has a cookie indicating they're using a different localization. Django handles this, though, not Nginx.)

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• nginx won't serve an error_page in a subdirectory of the document root

  - by Brandan

  (Cross-posted from Stack Overflow; could possibly be migrated from there.) Here's a snippet of my nginx configuration: server { error_page 500 /errors/500.html; } When I cause a 500 in my application, Chrome just shows its default 500 page (Firefox and Safari show a blank page) rather than my custom error page. I know the file exists because I can visit http://server/errors/500.html and I see the page. I can also move the file to the document root and change the configuration to this: server { error_page 500 /500.html; } and nginx serves the page correctly, so it's doesn't seem like it's something else misconfigured on the server. I've also tried: server { error_page 500 $document_root/errors/500.html; } and: server { error_page 500 http://$http_host/errors/500.html; } and: server { error_page 500 /500.html; location = /500.html { root /path/to/errors/; } } with no luck. Is this expected behavior? Do error pages have to exist at the document root, or am I missing something obvious? Update 1: This also fails: server { error_page 500 /foo.html; } when foo.html does indeed exist in the document root. It almost seems like something else is overwriting my configuration, but this block is the only place anywhere in /etc/nginx/* that references the error_page directive. Is there any other place that could set nginx configuration?

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• Adding a transaction ID to ruby-on-rails logs

  - by Blue Warrior NFB

  We have a RoR app (rails version 3.2.15 right now). As it has been getting busier, the log-files it's producing are becoming less and less useful for troubleshooting. When they come in like this, it's not a problem: Started GET "/accounts/28088166/kittens/22894/rendered_png?file_id=5d3eaec77954a489b5ddd75143091767&kitten_store_id=9970569bbacf7b6dbeb4eb9295960d69&size=large" for 172.16.202.30 at 2013-11-12 13:45:00 +0000 Processing by KittenController#rendered_png as HTML Parameters: {"file_id"="5d3eaec77954a489b5ddd75143091767", "kitten_store_id"="9970569bbacf7b6dbeb4eb9295960d69", "size"="large", "kitten_cam_id"="280941", "id"="kjlak357aw479607t"} Rendered text template (0.0ms) Sent data (1.8ms) Completed 200 OK in 1037.4ms (Views: 1.4ms | ActiveRecord: 98.4ms) Short request, quickly assembled, all the relevant log-lines are in one block. However, not all of our code renders in 1037ms. There are a few calls that can exceed several seconds, and during that time several of these quicker ones can come in. When that happens, its very, very hard to identify which log-lines belong to which GET. Sent data (4.1ms) Completed 200 OK in 767.4ms (Views: 3.2ms | ActiveRecord: 72.2ms) Completed 200 OK in 2338.0ms (Views: 0.2ms | ActiveRecord: 0.0ms) Ooookaaaay... which goes to what? Is it possible to add something like a transaction-ID to these log-lines? The log-spam would be interspersed, but at least grep-magic would give me the unified entries that I need.

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• Windows 7 breaks even in safe mode

  - by delenda

  Hi, I have a Dell XPS M1730 with Windows 7 installed. I noticed last night that after a few hours of use, the fans kicked into full and I couldn't do anything without it taking forever. Minimising windows, opening device manager or even opening process explorer took minutes and a game install I had just started took nearly 4 hours to complete. When procexp finally loaded, the refresh was so slow that it was mostly useless. From what I could gather, it was reporting 60% idle processes with procexp using nearly 40%. There were no hardware interrupts listed. When I rebooted, the problem went away for about 10 minutes and then the same thing happened. The issue persists in safe mode and even after I removed the graphics drivers, which have been an issue in the past, it still happens. Icons flash quite quickly on the desktop periodically and screen refresh is painfully slow. When booting now, the fans kick in to full as soon as the windows logon box comes up and it's taking 10 minutes to bring the desktop up. Chkdsk reports nothing and the raid check says that everything is fine. I'm thinking hardware failure, probably HDD but wanted some other opinions. I'm planning to try a linux live cd to see if it works without using the hard disks. If anyone has any input, it would be greatly appreciated. Delenda

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• Input/output error reading USB backup drive on CentOS 6.4

  - by Kev

  I'm suddenly seeing some strange behaviour on our USB backup drive that doesn't make sense to me: (2013-10-21 14:58:23 [root@newdc /]$ cd /mnt/backup/ (2013-10-21 14:59:03 [root@newdc backup]$ ls -la ls: reading directory .: Input/output error total 0 (2013-10-21 14:59:05 [root@newdc backup]$ df -h /mnt/backup Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda1 917G 843G 28G 97% /mnt/backup How is it possible for the OS to know how much is in use, but I can't ls any of it as root? Or more to the point, what problem does this indicate? /var/log/messages said this: Oct 21 14:57:54 g5 kernel: EXT4-fs error (device sda1): ext4_journal_start_sb: Detected aborted journal Oct 21 14:57:54 g5 kernel: EXT4-fs (sda1): Remounting filesystem read-only But...read-only is something different than 'throw an io error'... After unmounting to try fsck on it, I had someone on-site look at it, and the drive was not spun up, and had a slow-flashing light, which I believe means it was in a power-suspend mode. So I had them unplug and replug the USB cable, and now (before remounting) it says: fsck from util-linux-ng 2.17.2 e2fsck 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) /dev/sda1: clean, 2805106/61046784 files, 181934167/244182016 blocks I then mount it and now ls works and df reports: Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda1 917G 680G 191G 79% /mnt/backup What would cause it to go into such a state without being asked to? Why all the weird behaviour, and now it appears to not be corrupt?

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• Blue screen of Death on Install

  - by Toby Allen

  I have a machine with Windows Vista Installed. It has an Intel X25 SSD as the System Drive I want to reinstall (I plan to format and overwrite Vista) with XP. When I boot up using the Dell XP CD it loads the initial drivers then i get a Blue Screen. This is quite concerning. The installed OS works ok, but its giving problems so I want to remove it. Should I just format the SSD and try again? Will this make any difference? Can I do something to avoid hitting the Blue Screen? Its possible I had corrupt sectors on one of the other disks, will a new XP install use the System drive or drive 0? Can I force the install to use a specific drive when installing? Error: *** STOP: 0x0000007B (0xF78D2524,0x0000034,0x00000000,0x00000000) I never did find the answer, however I removed the SSD and tried to install on other disk - CRASH I disconnected the other disk and tried to install with only SSD plugged in - CRASH I removed 1 block of RAM - CRASH I used a windows 7 CD - NO CRASH

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• Problems with USB-Devices using VDR

  - by emmsinator

  Hey Guys, I'm using VDR on vSphere4. It works sucessfully. I've already backuped several VMs with VDR and I like it very much. But now we got a problem. We have 2 VMs, using an USB-Device Server with a stick plugged in, which is definetely need by these 2 VMs for Licensing and so. Every time, I start the Backup process, the VMs lost the communication to the USB-Server and its stick after building the snapshot and while online. Because of that, the software on these VMs can't work correctly. I have to restart both Machines to solve this problem. These fact is bad for an automatic backup. Does VDR have a special function for those cases or is something like this already known? It would be no problem, to shutdown the servers for building snapshots on Saturday or Sunday. Can VDR initiate a shutdown before starting the backup process? Otherwise I must try to use scripts, but that wouldn't be so nice. Thanks a lot for your help.

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• Skipping nginx PHP cache for certain areas of a site?

  - by DisgruntledGoat

  I have just set up a new server with nginx (which I am new to) and PHP. On my site there are essentially 3 different types of files: static content like CSS, JS, and some images (most images are on an external CDN) main PHP/MySQL database-driven website which essentially acts like a static site dynamic PHP/MySQL forum It is my understanding from this question and this page that the static files need no special treatment and will be served as fast as possible. I followed the answer from the above question to set up caching for PHP files and now I have a config like this: location ~ \.php$ { try_files $uri =404; fastcgi_cache one; fastcgi_cache_key $scheme$host$request_uri; fastcgi_cache_valid 200 302 304 30m; fastcgi_cache_valid 301 1h; include /etc/nginx/fastcgi_params; fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php-fastcgi/php-fastcgi.socket; fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /srv/www/example$fastcgi_script_name; fastcgi_param HTTPS off; } However, now I want to prevent caching on the forum (either for everyone or only for logged-in users - haven't checked if the latter is feasible with the forum software). I've heard that "if is evil" inside location blocks, so I am unsure how to proceed. With the if inside the location block I would probably add this in the middle: if ($request_uri ~* "^/forum/") { fastcgi_cache_bypass 1; } # or possible this, if I'm able to cache pages for anonymous visitors if ($request_uri ~* "^/forum/" && $http_cookie ~* "loggedincookie") { fastcgi_cache_bypass 1; } Will that work fine, or is there a better way to achieve this?

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• How to tell Linux to explicitly swap out main memory of suspended process?

  - by Vi

  I run a memory-hungry process (mkcromfs) which consumes more memory than I have physical memory on my latop, so it is paging and swappin and thrashing all the time and loadavg is about 2 (compcache is already in use with usual swap partition as well), but slowly moving forward (Although I afraid it will finally try to allocate 2GB and crash draining 2 days of thrashing). When I want to use the laptop for something else, I stop the process, start X server, firefox and other programs. The problem is that when I start Firefox the loadavg jumps to 10 and the system becomes almost unresponsive at all (long time to turn on/off caps lock, slow mouse cursor position updates, slow switching from X server to Linux console, slow login). The stopped mkcromfs still holds a lot of memory (464.8 MiB and slowly falling) and moves it to swap only when more memory is needed for some other program, which results in a great slowdown. How to tell the Linux to swap out this process entirely (e.g. I'm not intending to resume it in short term), possibly waking from swap other data? Also it will be useful to be able to specify the exact swap device to swap the given process out.

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• wireless to wired internet

  - by Mark T

  My wife uses an old computer which doesn't really like having an internet connection via a USB wireless adapter. I've tried several, and none have been satisfactory. The connection gets dropped often and it is frustrating for her. A wireless card also had the same trouble. Repositioning the computer made no difference. (Two laptops, nearby, connect just fine and stay up, so it isn't the router.) However, the computer always worked well when I had an Ethernet cable connected to it. I know there is a box which will connect to my wireless network and provide an Ethernet cable connection. But the terminology used is so complex, I can't tell what it is I really need. In case that wasn't clear, here it is in different words: What I need is just the opposite of a wireless router. My wireless router takes my cable modem's Ethernet connection and makes it available to wireless clients. What I want is a box which is a wireless client to my wireless router and provides an Ethernet cable connection that I can connect to any device. I need to know the right name for a box with such capabilities. If you know of some inexpensive examples, that would also be helpful. I'm running a wireless G network with a Linksys Router.

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• Microphone doesn't work

  - by mandy

  I'm having a trouble with my built in microphone. Even if I use headphone with mic, it doesn't really work. The weird thing is, if I clap the green lines of the speaker icon jumps, but if I speak it doesn't. I have also tried some recordings, but I can not hear myself and adjusting the volume didn't help at all. I tried to restore it, still no change. I have updated it in the device manager, but it said there that it's up to date and the devices are working properly. Until I decided to recover the whole system (wherein I pressed zero and switch on button) to my surprise, the settings became different, most programs were deleted, even my files. It's like it was formatted and I'm so sad that the mic was not fixed. I really don't know what to do now. My laptop model is Toshiba satellite m840. I want to it return to its settings/set up just before I Recover the system and bring back all the programs that we're installed and of course, most of all, to fix my microphone so I can use Skype again and other video calling application.. I hope someone could help me. Thanks a lot!

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• trouble executing php scripts with nginx

  - by lovesh

  My nginx config looks like this server { listen 80; server_name localhost; location / { root /var/www; index index.php index.html; autoindex on; } location /folder1 { root /var/www/folder1; index index.php index.html index.htm; try_files $uri $uri/ index.php?$query_string; } location /folder2 { root /var/www/folder2; index index.php index.html index.htm; try_files $uri $uri/ index.php?$query_string; } location ~ \.php$ { fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_index index.php; include fastcgi_params; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; } } The problem with the above setup is that i am not able to execute php files. Now as per my understanding of nginx config rules, when i am in my webroot(/) which is /var/www the value of $document_root becomes /var/www so when i request for localhost/hi.php the fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME becomes /var/www/hi.php and that is the actual path of the php script. Similarly when i request for localhost/folder1/hi.php the $document_root becomes /var/www/folder1 because this is specified as the root in folder1's location block so again the fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME becomes /var/www/folder1/hi.php. But because the above configuration does not work so there is something wrong with my understanding. Please help?

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• How do I speed up and cache mmap file access over NFS on Linux?

  - by Zan Lynx

  The server and client are both 64-bit Ubuntu 10.04 LTS. The application in question is a custom app that uses mmap() for fast random file access. Its ideal state is when the entire file is cached in RAM. The network connections are really fast 10Gb Ethernet. It is a virtual server blade setup. It isn't the network connections slowing things down because everything performs superbly when using a virtual disk (iSCSI to the SAN). But when we run the application on a NFS home directory mount, performance goes to the dogs. It appears that the Linux kernel isn't caching anything. So it is reading every single disk block needed by mmap() accesses over and over and over again. The NFS mount is done through autofs, which has only default settings. /proc/mounts shows the NFS mount is done with the following options: rw,relatime,vers=3,rsize=131072,wsize=131072,namlen=255,hard,proto=tcp,timeo=600,retrans=2,sec=sys,mountaddr=192.168.11.52,mountvers=3,mountproto=tcp,addr=192.168.11.52 How can I make Ubuntu 10.04 cache the file instead of reloading it all the time?

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• Windows-7 Ultimate 64 bit wont connect to my wired/wireless networks.

  - by A302

  Windows 7 Ultimate 64 bit. Everything was working fine & then just stopped working. The nic card Realtek PCIe GBE Family Controller is enabled but does not connect to my router (cables & router ports are good). Wireless Atheros AR5007EG is enabled but the connection is limited (encryption type / key have been verified). A laptop running XP can connect both wired / wireless. SSID is not being broadcast, connect to network if it is not broadcasting is checked. Have checked services.msc for Bonjour & did not see it listed. Network & sharing center does not list any active networks. Device manager lists both devices as functioning properly. Router configuration has not been changed. Virus scan has not found anything. I would like to fix this rather than using Acronis to do a system restore. Thanks in advance for any advice offered in solving this. 26 Jan, the nic card & wireless are working using PCLinux OS Live CD. It appears that the problem is Windows 7 related.

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• Windows Home Server 2011, No disks "suitable for a backup destination"

  - by Scott Beeson

  I recently installed Windows Home Server 2011 and love it. However, when I try to set up server backups, it says no suitable disks are available. Initially, before I set up my RAID, it found one of my twin drives and said it would work. Once I set up the mirroring, that one is no longer available (obviously). However, I have an internal SATA 1TB drive and an external USB2.0 1TB drive hooked up. Both are recognized by Disk Management. WHS11 still says nothing suitable for backups. The two drives details are as follows: Edit to clarify: The system partition is on Disk 0, not listed below. The two below are the two that SHOULD be available for system backups. Disk 1: Dynamic "Data" (D:) 931.51 GB NTFS, Healthy Disk 3: Basic 200 MB Healthy (EFI System Partition) "Backup" 930.66 GB NTFS, Healthy (Primary Partition) What's a bit odd is that in Disk Management the "Backup" volume does not show a drive letter, even though I assigned Z: (which is reflected in "My Computer". I also cannot make this a dynamic disk as it says it's unsupported by the device.

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• Sendmail slow to accept emails

  - by Rich

  I have a PHP web app which is using SMTP to sendmail on localhost to send email. I would like sendmail to accept the mail request immediately and queue it for later sending, as I don't want to have user-facing request threads blocked on emails. Sendmail is installed with the default settings on RHEL web servers. Sometimes sendmail is blocking for a long time after the MAIL command is sent -- sometimes taking 60 or 90 seconds to accept the mail. The time take is usually very close to 60 or 90 sec, which makes me think this is some kind of timeout. I have looked in the sendmail logs, and there are plenty of "deferred" emails, but nothing which looks responsible for this delay. How can I diagnose what is slowing down sendmail? How can I configure sendmail to always accept the mail immediately and to queue the mail for later sending? Update: I'm not sure, but it looks like this might be linked to aol.com addresses. I strongly suspect that sendmail is doing some kind of blocking receipient address verification at the accept-email-for-sending stage. How can I disable that, so that sendmail doesn't block my UI threads? Update 2: This only seems to happen at busy times. Perhaps I am running out of sendmail threads or something? How can I check that?

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• maximum size filesystem on my test .... approach?

  - by jocco

  Hello all I'm new at the site, and I have a question. I got this question at a test and really like to know the correct approach to solving this problem? Here is the question. In an indexed filesystem the first indexblock (inode) has 12 direct pointers and 1 pointer to an indirect indexblock. The filesystem is implemented on a disk with a diskblock-size of 1024 bytes. All pointers are 32 bit. Question: what is the maximum filesize (Kilobytes) of this filesystem? If it's possible not an just an answer but an explanation. edit: It was a multiple choice btw with 4 answers a. 13 K b. 268 K c. 524 K d. 1036 K As for my approach I only got as far as to know that 1 pointer is 32 bit Also I found something else here on the site which seems very usefull. http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2755006/understanding-the-concept-of-inodes Ok i got this far There are 12 blocks and each block is 1024 bytes. 1024 * 12 = 12288 bytes or 12 KB directly accessible. Please correct me if I'm wrong. Each pointer is 32 Bit = 4Byte And to be honest at this point I'm starting to get confused especially since my answer is way over any of my multiple choice answers.

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• Is my motherboard failing, or is there some other issue?

  - by ThatGuy

  So, several months ago I put together my own desktop PC. I set up a dual boot to Windows and Ubuntu. Recently, without changing any settings or installing anything new, the wifi stopped working on windows (I use a wifi adapter). It said it was connected, Network settings showed that it was working and running trouble shooting had no results. My internet still works on any other device. I found that removing the adapter from the motherboard and plugging it back in was the only thing that fixed the problem. Reinstalling the wifi drivers did not help. I purchased a new Wifi adapter, but the problem persists. More recently, I had a much more discouraging development. Sometimes, turning on the computer results in a boot loop: BIOS never starts. Instead, the monitor turns on as if it got a signal, then immediately turns off. This loops on it's own indefinitely until I hold down power, hard reset it, and try again. Sometimes it works, sometimes it doesn't. I haven't tested much on the Ubuntu side. It appears that wifi works at least some of the time, but since I've had issues just getting to BIOS I'm not confident the issue is on the software side. I've also noticed issues with some of the USB ports no longer working, but that seems to be off and on. Finally, as of a few minutes ago, I booted to windows to discover that everything was running very slowly. Slow here is a relative word, but I have a Samsung 840 pro SSD and I'm used to applications running nigh instantly, and it was a solid 3 minutes before any of my applications would load. Anyway, my question is this: Is it likely that my motherboard is failing? Either way, what steps can I take to try and pin down the problem and figure out what to do?

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• ASA access lists and Egress Filtering

  - by Nate

  Hello. I'm trying to learn how to use a cisco ASA firewall, and I don't really know what I'm doing. I'm trying to set up some egress filtering, with the goal of allowing only the minimal amount of traffic out of the network, even if it originated from within the inside interface. In other words, I'm trying to set up dmz_in and inside_in ACLs as if the inside interface is not too trustworthy. I haven't fully grasped all the concepts yet, so I have a few issues. Assume that we're working with three interfaces: inside, outside, and DMZ. Let's say I have a server (X.Y.Z.1) that has to respond to PING, HTTP, SSH, FTP, MySQL, and SMTP. My ACL looks something like this: access-list outside_in extended permit icmp any host X.Y.Z.1 echo-reply access-list outside_in extended permit tcp any host X.Y.Z.1 eq www access-list outside_in extended permit tcp any host X.Y.Z.1 eq ssh access-list outside_in extended permit tcp any host X.Y.Z.1 eq ftp access-list outside_in extended permit tcp any host X.Y.Z.1 eq ftp-data established access-list outside_in extended permit tcp any host X.Y.Z.1 eq 3306 access-list outside_in extended permit tcp any host X.Y.Z.1 eq smtp and I apply it like this: access-group outside_in in interface outside My question is, what can I do for egress filtering? I want to only allow the minimal amount of traffic out. Do I just "reverse" the rules (i.e. the smtp rule becomes access-list inside_out extended permit tcp host X.Y.Z.1 any eq smtp ) and call it a day, or can I further cull my options? What can I safely block? Furthermore, when doing egress filtering, is it enough to apply "inverted" rules to the outside interface, or should I also look into making dmz_in and inside_in acls? I've heard the term "egress filtering" thrown around a lot, but I don't really know what I'm doing. Any pointers towards good resources and reading would also be helpful, most of the ones I've found presume that I know a lot more than I do.

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• Route all traffic of home network through VPN

  - by user436118

  I have a typical semi advanced home network scenario: A cable modem - eth A wireless router (netgear n600) eth and wlan A home server (Running ubuntu 12.04 LTS, connected over wlan) A bunch of wireless clients (wlan) Lying around I have anoher cheaper wlan router, and two different USB wlan NIC's that are known to work with Linux. ACTA struck. I want to route ALL of my WAN traffic through a remote server through a VPN. For sake of completition, lets say there is a remote server running debian sqeeze where a VPN server is to be installed. The network is then to behave so that if the VPN is not operative, it is separated from the outside world. I am familiar with general system/network practices, but lack the specific detailed knowledge to accomplish this. Please suggest the right approach, packages and configurations you'd use to reach said solution. I've also envisioned the following network configuration, please improve it if you see fit: ==LAN== Client ip:10.1.1.x nm:255.0.0.0 gw:10.1.1.1 reached via WLAN Wlan router 1: ip: 10.1.1.1 nm:255.0.0.0 gw: 10.10.10.1 reached via ETH Homeserver: <<< VPN is initiated here, and the other endpoint is somewhere on the internet. eth0: ip:10.10.10.1 nm: 0.0.0.0 gw:192.168.0.1 reached via WLAN Homeserver: wlan0: ip: 192.168.0.2 nm: 255.255.255.0 gw: 192.168.0.1 reached via WLAN ==WAN== Wlan router 2: ip: 192.168.0.1 nm: 0.0.0.0 gw: set via dhcp uplink connector: cable modem Cable Modem: Remote DHCP. Has on-board DHCP server for ethernet device that connects to it, and only works this way. All this WLAN fussery is because my home server is located in a part of the house where a cable link isnt possible unfortunately.

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• Is there a monitoring software suite that will alert me if it has received no activity in a time period?

  - by matt b

  This might be a very basic question, but I am not very familiar with the exact features of Nagios versus Munin versus other monitoring tools. Let's say we have a process that needs to run daily for some very important infrastructure reasons. We've had cases where the process did not run or was otherwise down for a number of days before anyone noticed. I'd like to set up a system that will enable me to easily know when the daily run did not take place for some reason. I can set up this process to send an email on every successful run (or every failed run), but I do not trust that the people receiving this email would notice an absence of an "I'm OK" message. What I am envisioning is some type of "tripwire" service which this V.I.P. (very-important-process) can send a status message to each time it runs, whether successfully or not; and if the "tripwire" service has not received any word from the VIP within a configurable amount of time, it can then send an alert to someone. (The difference between what I envision and the first approach I outlined is a service that sends a message only in abnormal conditions, rather than a service that sends messages each day that the status is normal/OK). Can Nagios be set up to send an alert like this, if it has not heard from a certain service/device/process in N days? Is there another tool out there which does have this feature?

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• Screen randomly goes blue/black/white

  - by FubsyGamer

  Problem Randomly, while using my computer, the monitor goes dark grey/almost black, or it goes white with faint grey vertical lines, or it goes blue with black vertical lines. It's as if the computer powers off. People tell me I sign out of Skype, Spotify stops playing when it happens, etc. When I look at the tower, it doesn't seem like it's off at all. Nothing changes, fans are spinning, lights are on, etc. If you were only looking at the tower, you'd never know there was a problem The only way I can get it to come back up is to push and hold the power button and turn it off, then back on This never happens while I'm playing video games. I've done 5-6 hour sessions of League of Legends, and it doesn't do anything When I'm just browsing the web, reading email, checking Reddit, etc, it happens all the time. It can happen multiple times in a session, it usually takes only about 5 minutes from the time I start browsing to when the computer crashes This started happening after I moved to a new apartment (this has to be relevant somehow, it was not happening where I lived before) There is nothing in the crash logs or event logs System Specs i5 2500k CPU AMD Radeon 6800 GPU Gigabyte z68a-d3h-b3 motherboard WD VelociRaptor 1 TB HDD Screenshots Device manager About screen Things I have tried I was getting a WMI Error in my event logs, but I fixed it using Microsoft's fix, KB 2545227 I was using Windows 8. I wiped the HDD and downgraded to Windows 7 64 bit I took out the video card and used a can of air to totally clean out the video card, all fans, and the inside of the computer in general. I made sure all of the video card pins were fine, then reconnected it I tried to update my motherboard BIOS, but anything I downloaded from Gigabyte was only for 32 bit machines, not 64. I don't even know how to tell what my motherboard BIOS is at right now I am using a power strip, and anything else connected to it works just fine If I re-seat the monitor cable while this is happening, nothing changes Please, help me. I've been battling this for several weeks now, and it's so frustrating it makes me not even want to use the computer.

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• Windows 7 not booting after failed SRT (SSD caching) install

  - by david

  This is a fairly new computer, only about a month old. i7 2700k, z68 motherboard, with a 1.5tb WD black HD, and a 128gb crucial M4 ssd. I followed the instructions for setting up ssd caching, the SATA controller was set to RAID, I installed the intel software and enabled acceleration and it said everything went fine. But when I went to reboot, I received the lovely "Reboot and Select proper Boot device" error message. I checked the bios, and it was booting from the correct HD (I tried the only other option anyway just in case, it was the ~50 odd gb of unformatted space left on the SSD) AFter that I entered the raid until (ctrl-i at boot) and removed the acceleration and deleted the raid array (because it was being used as a cache this was non destructive) Still no boot. So I reinstalled win7 directly on the SSD, booted, and checked the HDD to make sure it hadn't been wiped. It hadn't, all the files were still there, including all the windows stuff. I backed up my data to an external drive just in case, but I'd really like to get this install booting again. I trawled the webs a bit, and have tried entering recovery mode and using the bootrec.exe and bootsect.exe to fix it, but to be honest I'm not sure what I'm doing with those. My question is basically: How do I make my harddrive bootable again?

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