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  • An old flaw in X Window System. How does it work?

    - by Legend
    I was going through an article today when it mentioned the following: "We've found many errors over the years. One of the absolute best was the following in the X Window System: if(getuid() != 0 && geteuid == 0) { ErrorF("Only root"); exit(1); } It allowed any local user to get root access. (The tautological check geteuid == 0 was intended to be geteuid() == 0. In its current form, it compress the address of geteuid to 0; given that the function exists, its address is never 0)." The article explained what was wrong with the code but I would like to know what it means to say that "It allowed any local user to get root access". I am not an expert in C but can someone give me an exact context in which this exploit would work? Specifically, what I mean is, lets say I am the local user, how would I get root access if we assume this code to be present somewhere?

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  • Why has to be size of dynamically-allocated array a static field?

    - by Ondrej Slinták
    I have a dummy class where I am testing arrays. I've noticed that when I want to dynamically allocate size of array at runtime, fields that indicate this size have to be static. I know I should probably use collections for this kind of code, but I'm more interested why do these fields have to be static? Is there any particular reason behind this? class Foo { private static int x; private static int y; private int[,] bar = new int[ x, y ]; public Foo( int a, int b ) { x = a; y = b; } }

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  • An array problem in C++

    - by manugupt1
    To access the array indice at the xth position we can use some sort of illustration as shown below #include<iostream> using namespace std; int main(){ float i[20]; for(int j=0;j<=20;j++) i[j]=0; } However the following piece of code does not work #include<iostream> using namespace std; float oldrand[55]; int jrand; void advance_random(){ int j1; float new_random; for(j1=0;j1<=23;j1++){ int temp = j1+30; new_random = (oldrand[j1]) - (oldrand[temp]); if(new_random <0.0) new_random = new_random+1; oldrand[j1] = new_random; } for(j1=24;j1<=54;j1++){ new_random[j1] = oldrand[j1] - oldrand[j1-23]; if(new_random[j1]<0.0) new_random[j1] = new_random + 1; oldrand[j1]=new_random; } } I recieve the following error ga.cpp:20: error: invalid types ‘float[int]’ for array subscript ga.cpp:21: error: invalid types ‘float[int]’ for array subscript ga.cpp:22: error: invalid types ‘float[int]’ for array subscript I am not able to find a mistake in my code please help me

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  • Organising files and classes in XCode (iPhone application)

    - by pulegium
    It's a generic question and really a newbie one too, so bear with me... I'm playing with some iPhone development, and trying to create a simple "flip type" application. Nothing sophisticated, let's say on the flip side is a short application summary, bit like 'help' and on the main screen is a simple board game, let's say tic-tac-toe or similar. Now, XCode has generated me 'Main View', 'Flipside View' and 'Application Delegate' folders, with default template files in them. Now the question is where do I create appropriate 'MVC' classes? Let's say (V)iew classes are going to be the ones that have been automatically created. So the Flipside view class is responsible for generating text/images etc on the 'help' view. 'Main View' class is what draws the items on the table and updates the counters, etc. Where should I place the 'controller' class? And also, should it only be dealing with proxying only to the model? According to this the controller method is called from the view and manipulates the method classes. Similarly, the results from model are passed back to the view class by the controller issuing the calls to appropriate view methods. Similarly, where does the model class go? or should I just create a new folder for each, controller and model class files? What I'm after is the best practices, or just a short description how people normally structure their applications. I know it's very specific and also undefined... I came from Django background, so the way stuff is organised there is slightly different. Hope this makes sense, sorry if it's all bit vague, but I have to start somewhere :) And yes I've read quite few docs on the apple developer site, but trouble is that the documents are either going into too much detail about the language/framework/etc and the examples are way too simplistic. Actually, this leads me to the final question, has anyone know any good example of relatively complete application tutorial which I could use as a reference in organising my files?...

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  • How do I set up my @product=Product.find(params[:id]) to have a product_url?

    - by montooner
    Trying to recreate { script/generate scaffold }, and I've gotten thru a number of Rails basics. I suspect that I need to configure default product url somewhere. But where do I do this? Setup: Have: def edit { @product=Product.find(params[:id]) } Have edit.html.erb, with an edit form posting to action = :create Have def create { ... }, with the code redirect_to(@product, ...) Getting error: undefined method `product_url' for #< ProductsController:0x56102b0 My def update: def update @product = Product.find(params[:id]) respond_to do |format| if @product.update_attributes(params[:product]) format.html { redirect_to(@product, :notice => 'Product was successfully updated.') } format.xml { head :ok } else format.html { render :action => "edit" } format.xml { render :xml => @product.errors, :status => :unprocessable_entity } end end end

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  • jQuery: What does (function($) {})(jQuery); mean?

    - by Legend
    I am just starting out with writing jQuery plugins. I wrote three small plugins but I have been simply copying the line into all my plugins without actually knowing what it means. Can someone tell me a little more about these? What does this do? (I know it extends jQuery somehow but is there anything else interesting to know about this) (function($) { })(jQuery); What is the difference between the following two ways of writing a plugin: Type 1: (function($) { $.fn.jPluginName = { }, $.fn.jPluginName.defaults = { } })(jQuery); Type 2: (function($) { $.jPluginName = { } })(jQuery); I could be way off here and maybe both mean the same thing. In some cases, this doesn't seem to be working in a plugin that I was writing using Type 1. Any idea why? But in either case, I would appreciate any explanation.

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  • Rails Variable across all controller actions

    - by bob
    Hello, This should be a very simple rails question. I have a variable like the following. @administration = Administration.first I want this variable to be accessible through every controller action across all my controllers so for example if I have a Product controller and inside of it I have the usual CRUD actions, I want the @administration variable as defined above to be put into all the CRUD actions. (It would not be needed in destroy or create or update). I have many controllers throughout my project and I was wondering if there is an easier way than adding it manually through all of the actions that I want it in. I tried a global variable $administration = Administration.first but I run into an issue where it is not updated when I update the actual content of the Administration.first table. Also, I would like to avoid global variables. Any help would be much appreciated. Thanks! :)

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  • Python text file processing speed issues

    - by Anonymouslemming
    Hi all, I'm having a problem with processing a largeish file in Python. All I'm doing is f = gzip.open(pathToLog, 'r') for line in f: counter = counter + 1 if (counter % 1000000 == 0): print counter f.close This takes around 10m25s just to open the file, read the lines and increment this counter. In perl, dealing with the same file and doing quite a bit more (some regular expression stuff), the whole process takes around 1m17s. Perl Code: open(LOG, "/bin/zcat $logfile |") or die "Cannot read $logfile: $!\n"; while (<LOG>) { if (m/.*\[svc-\w+\].*login result: Successful\.$/) { $_ =~ s/some regex here/$1,$2,$3,$4/; push @an_array, $_ } } close LOG; Can anyone advise what I can do to make the Python solution run at a similar speed to the Perl solution? I've tried just uncompressing the file and dealing with it using open instead of gzip.open, but that made a very small difference to the overall time.

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  • Is it a good idea for me to learn Python before C or some other Compiler language?

    - by Dream Lane
    Right now I am going through MIT's introduction to Computer Science course via OpenCourseWare. As a part of this course I am learning the Python Language. I've read a lot of things about the benefits of learning C. Before I dig any deeper into Python I wonder if I will be hindered or helped by learning Python first. Do you think that I will develop any bad habits or anything like that from Python?

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  • Including non-Python files with setup.py

    - by cool-RR
    How do I make setup.py include a file that isn't part of the code? (Specifically, it's a license file, but it could be any other thing.) I want to be able to control the location of the file. In the original source folder, the file is in the root of the package. (i.e. on the same level as the topmost __init__.py.) I want it to stay exactly there when the package is installed, regardless of operating system. How do I do that?

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  • Using Python, How to copy files in 'temporary internet files' folder in Windows

    - by pythBegin
    I am using this code to find files recursively in a folder , with size greater than 50000 bytes. def listall(parent): lis=[] for root, dirs, files in os.walk(parent): for name in files: if os.path.getsize(os.path.join(root,name))>500000: lis.append(os.path.join(root,name)) return lis This is working fine. But when I used this on 'temporary internet files' folder in windows, am getting this error. Traceback (most recent call last): File "<pyshell#4>", line 1, in <module> listall(a) File "<pyshell#2>", line 5, in listall if os.path.getsize(os.path.join(root,name))>500000: File "C:\Python26\lib\genericpath.py", line 49, in getsize return os.stat(filename).st_size WindowsError: [Error 123] The filename, directory name, or volume label syntax is incorrect: 'C:\\Documents and Settings\\khedarnatha\\Local Settings\\Temporary Internet Files\\Content.IE5\\EDS8C2V7\\??????+1[1].jpg' I think this is because windows gives names with special characters in this specific folder... Please help to sort out this issue.

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  • Dynamically calling functions - Python

    - by RadiantHex
    Hi folks, I have a list of functions... e.g. def filter_bunnies(pets): ... def filter_turtles(pets): ... def filter_narwhals(pets): ... Is there a way to call these functions by using a string representing their name? e.g. 'filter_bunnies', 'filter_turtles', 'filter_narwhals'

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  • When I overload the assignment operator for my simple class array, I get the wrong answer I espect

    - by user299648
    //output is "01234 00000" but the output should be or what I want it to be is // "01234 01234" because of the assignment overloaded operator #include <iostream> using namespace std; class IntArray { public: IntArray() : size(10), used(0) { a= new int[10]; } IntArray(int s) : size(s), used(0) { a= new int[s]; } int& operator[]( int index ); IntArray& operator =( const IntArray& rightside ); ~IntArray() { delete [] a; } private: int *a; int size; int used;//for array position }; int main() { IntArray copy; if( 2>1) { IntArray arr(5); for( int k=0; k<5; k++) arr[k]=k; copy = arr; for( int j=0; j<5; j++) cout<<arr[j]; } cout<<" "; for( int j=0; j<5; j++) cout<<copy[j]; return 0; } int& IntArray::operator[]( int index ) { if( index >= size ) cout<<"ilegal index in IntArray"<<endl; return a[index]; } IntArray& IntArray::operator =( const IntArray& rightside ) { if( size != rightside.size )//also checks if on both side same object { delete [] a; a= new int[rightside.size]; } size=rightside.size; used=rightside.used; for( int i = 0; i < used; i++ ) a[i]=rightside.a[i]; return *this; }

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  • Java Graphics not displaying on successive function calls, why?

    - by primehunter326
    Hi, I'm making a visualization for a BST implementation (I posted another question about it the other day). I've created a GUI which displays the viewing area and buttons. I've added code to the BST implementation to recursively traverse the tree, the function takes in coordinates along with the Graphics object which are initially passed in by the main GUI class. My idea was that I'd just have this function re-draw the tree after every update (add, delete, etc...), drawing a rectangle over everything first to "refresh" the viewing area. This also means I could alter the BST implementation (i.e by adding a balance operation) and it wouldn't affect the visualization. The issue I'm having is that the draw function only works the first time it is called, after that it doesn't display anything. I guess I don't fully understand how the Graphics object works since it doesn't behave the way I'd expect it to when getting passed/called from different functions. I know the getGraphics function has something to do with it. Relevant code: private void draw(){ Graphics g = vPanel.getGraphics(); tree.drawTree(g,ORIGIN,ORIGIN); } vPanel is what I'm drawing on private void drawTree(Graphics g, BinaryNode<AnyType> n, int x, int y){ if( n != null ){ drawTree(g, n.left, x-10,y+10 ); if(n.selected){ g.setColor(Color.blue); } else{ g.setColor(Color.gray); } g.fillOval(x,y,20,20); g.setColor(Color.black); g.drawString(n.element.toString(),x,y); drawTree(g,n.right, x+10,y+10); } } It is passed the root node when it is called by the public function. Do I have to have: Graphics g = vPanel.getGraphics(); ...within the drawTree function? This doesn't make sense!! Thanks for your help.

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  • MySQL::Eliminating redundant elements from a table?

    - by Legend
    I have a table like this: +-------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +-------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | v1 | int(11) | YES | MUL | NULL | | | v2 | int(11) | YES | MUL | NULL | | +-------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+ There is a tremendous amount of duplication in this table. For instance, elements like the following: +------+------+ | v1 | v2 | +------+------+ | 1 | 2 | | 1 | 3 | | 1 | 4 | | 1 | 5 | | 1 | 6 | | 1 | 7 | | 1 | 8 | | 1 | 9 | | 2 | 1 | | 4 | 1 | | 5 | 1 | | 6 | 1 | | 7 | 1 | | 8 | 1 | | 9 | 1 | +------+------+ The table is large with 1540000 entries. To remove the redundant entries (i.e. to get a table having only (1,9) and no (9,1) entries), I was thinking of doing it with a subquery but is there a better way of doing this?

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  • Trying to reinvent the wheel of StackOverflow to have a good learning experience. Need some suggesti

    - by Legend
    I want to learn and am not able to do it unless I have a real "mission" to complete. SO is my favorite and I can't imagine a better experience than actually recreating it but not in ASP. I'd like to use PHP+MySQL+jQuery. So far, I have been a self-taught programmer but I would like to master one paradigm that forces you to adhere to the standards. For instance, recently, jQuery forced me to use some "rules". The plugins were supposed to be written in a particular way and that's it. When I started off, everything seemed like Greek and Latin but when I finished a very small plugin, I felt really happy because it forced me to program in a certain way. I am looking for something like this only in a larger project. I've heard a lot about MVC and all but I am confused about the various frameworks out there. Zend seems awesome but looks heavy at the same time and also requires you to have a lot more control over the web-server whereas CakePHP is a good and a fast framework that needs only little control. Do I use one of these or just write my own MVC? I have the following goals: Goals: Site should be fast - I know this depends on my coding skills but I will learn on my way. The framework itself should not slow me down) Setting up the site should not require you to use command-line - This requirement is ok during development. But some frameworks like Symphony require you to initialize certain things through command-line Should support pluggable modules - For instance, if I want to be able to use the FCK editor, I should be able to organize things in a good way. Should be possible to extend - For instance, SO is mainly a Q&A site but I should be able to logically extend it into an Idea Management System (optional but I'm curious). This goes more into code re-usability I guess. I am comfortable with MySQL so I should be done with database design etc. with some serious effort. As for PHP, I can write code on my own but haven't really used any frameworks that much. jQuery, I started off recently and love it. I would be glad if someone can guide me during these initial steps. Precisely, when designing something like SO, I have the following questions: Do I use a framework? If yes, should it be MVC? If MVC, which one is a good and a scalable one? (I'd love something like jQuery that will not die anytime soon) How do I balance the functionality? The same logic can sometimes be made server centric or client centric. (more Ajax?). Is it a good idea to make a heavy javascript site considering the recent advances on client-side JS processing? Just in case anyone is wondering, I am not interested in commercializing any of this. I need a reason to learn something :)

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  • C Array of string

    - by Meko
    HI. This is maybe simple question but I want to create two dimensional array and add it string like in java string str = "text" ; string [][] array = new [][] string ; array[i][j] = str ; But in C there is no string .I tried like this but here strcpy() gives error.It returns to assembly code. I am trying to read line by line from text and split line by space and add them to structure.But first I think that I must add each line and row in array and then making iteration and adding to structures fields. static const char filename[] = "student.txt"; FILE *file = fopen ( filename, "r" ); char line [ 128 ]; /* or other suitable maximum line size */ char delims [ ]=" "; char *result =NULL; char list[15]; char arra[128][128]; int i=0; int j=0; struct { char gruppa[10]; char familiya[20]; int uchaste; struct { int firsth; int second; int third; int fourht; int fifth; } exam; }student; for(i=0; i<128; i++) for(j=0; j<128; j++) arra[i][j] = '\0'; for(i=0; i<15; i++) list[i] = '\0'; if ( file != NULL ) { while ( fgets ( line, sizeof line, file ) != NULL ) { result = strtok(line,delims); while (result !=NULL) { strcpy(list,("%s",result)); strcpy(arra[i][j],list); // Here it gives errror j++; result = strtok(NULL,delims); } j=0; i++; } fclose ( file ); } else { perror ( filename ); } getchar(); return 0; }

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  • Why C++ is (one of) the best language to learn at first [closed]

    - by AlexV
    C++ is one of the most used programming language in the world since like 25+ years. My first job as programmer was in C++ and I coded in C++ everyday for nearly 4 years. Now I do mostly PHP, but I will forever cherish this C++ background. C++ has helped me understand many "under the hood" features/behaviors/restrictions of many other (and different) programming languages like PHP and Delphi. I'm a full time programmer for 6+ years now and since I have a quite varied programming background I often get questions by "newbies" as where to start to become a "good" programmer. I think C++ is one of the best language to start with because it gives you a real usefull experience that will last and will teach you how things work under the hood. It's not the easier one to learn for a newbie, but in my opinion it's the one who will reward the most in long term. I would like to know your opinion on this matter to add to my arguments when I guide "newbies". After this introduction, here's my question : Why C++ is for you (one of) the best language to learn at first. Since it's subjective, I've marked this question as community wiki.

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  • python: equivalent to Javascript "||" to override non-truthful value

    - by Jason S
    In Javascript I can do this: function A(x) { return x || 3; } This returns 3 if x is a "non-truthful" value like 0, null, false, and it returns x otherwise. This is useful for empty arguments, e.g. I can do A() and it will evaluate as 3. Does Python have an equivalent? I guess I could make one out of the ternary operator a if b else c but was wondering what people use for this.

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