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  • Memory efficient int-int dict in Python

    - by Bolo
    Hi, I need a memory efficient int-int dict in Python that would support the following operations in O(log n) time: d[k] = v # replace if present v = d[k] # None or a negative number if not present I need to hold ~250M pairs, so it really has to be tight. Do you happen to know a suitable implementation (Python 2.7)? EDIT Removed impossible requirement and other nonsense. Thanks, Craig and Kylotan! To rephrase. Here's a trivial int-int dictionary with 1M pairs: >>> import random, sys >>> from guppy import hpy >>> h = hpy() >>> h.setrelheap() >>> d = {} >>> for _ in xrange(1000000): ... d[random.randint(0, sys.maxint)] = random.randint(0, sys.maxint) ... >>> h.heap() Partition of a set of 1999530 objects. Total size = 49161112 bytes. Index Count % Size % Cumulative % Kind (class / dict of class) 0 1 0 25165960 51 25165960 51 dict (no owner) 1 1999521 100 23994252 49 49160212 100 int On average, a pair of integers uses 49 bytes. Here's an array of 2M integers: >>> import array, random, sys >>> from guppy import hpy >>> h = hpy() >>> h.setrelheap() >>> a = array.array('i') >>> for _ in xrange(2000000): ... a.append(random.randint(0, sys.maxint)) ... >>> h.heap() Partition of a set of 14 objects. Total size = 8001108 bytes. Index Count % Size % Cumulative % Kind (class / dict of class) 0 1 7 8000028 100 8000028 100 array.array On average, a pair of integers uses 8 bytes. I accept that 8 bytes/pair in a dictionary is rather hard to achieve in general. Rephrased question: is there a memory-efficient implementation of int-int dictionary that uses considerably less than 49 bytes/pair?

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  • Can my loop be optimized any more? (C++)

    - by Sagekilla
    Below is one of my inner loops that's run several thousand times, with input sizes of 20 - 1000 or more. Is there anything I can do to help squeeze any more performance out of this? I'm not looking to move this code to something like using tree codes (Barnes-Hut), but towards optimizing the actual calculations happening inside, since the same calculations occur in the Barnes-Hut algorithm. Any help is appreciated! typedef double real; struct Particle { Vector pos, vel, acc, jerk; Vector oldPos, oldVel, oldAcc, oldJerk; real mass; }; class Vector { private: real vec[3]; public: // Operators defined here }; real Gravity::interact(Particle *p, size_t numParticles) { PROFILE_FUNC(); real tau_q = 1e300; for (size_t i = 0; i < numParticles; i++) { p[i].jerk = 0; p[i].acc = 0; } for (size_t i = 0; i < numParticles; i++) { for (size_t j = i+1; j < numParticles; j++) { Vector r = p[j].pos - p[i].pos; Vector v = p[j].vel - p[i].vel; real r2 = lengthsq(r); real v2 = lengthsq(v); // Calculate inverse of |r|^3 real r3i = Constants::G * pow(r2, -1.5); // da = r / |r|^3 // dj = (v / |r|^3 - 3 * (r . v) * r / |r|^5 Vector da = r * r3i; Vector dj = (v - r * (3 * dot(r, v) / r2)) * r3i; // Calculate new acceleration and jerk p[i].acc += da * p[j].mass; p[i].jerk += dj * p[j].mass; p[j].acc -= da * p[i].mass; p[j].jerk -= dj * p[i].mass; // Collision estimation // Metric 1) tau = |r|^2 / |a(j) - a(i)| // Metric 2) tau = |r|^4 / |v|^4 real mij = p[i].mass + p[j].mass; real tau_est_q1 = r2 / (lengthsq(da) * mij * mij); real tau_est_q2 = (r2*r2) / (v2*v2); if (tau_est_q1 < tau_q) tau_q = tau_est_q1; if (tau_est_q2 < tau_q) tau_q = tau_est_q2; } } return sqrt(sqrt(tau_q)); }

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  • Try to fill the GAE datastore but the code consumes to much cpu time. How to optimize this?

    - by Neverland
    I try to get the list of images in Amazon EC2 inside the Google datastore. I want to realize this with a cron job inside the GAE. class AmazonEC2uswest(db.Model): ami = db.StringProperty(required=True) mani = db.StringProperty() typ = db.StringProperty() arch = db.StringProperty() state = db.StringProperty() owner = db.StringProperty() class CronAMIsAmazonUS_WEST(webapp.RequestHandler): def get(self): aws_access_key_id_admin = "<secret>" aws_secret_access_key_admin = "<secret>" conn_us_west = boto.ec2.connect_to_region('us-west-1', aws_access_key_id=aws_access_key_id_admin, aws_secret_access_key=aws_secret_access_key_admin, is_secure = False) liste_images_us_west = conn_us_west.get_all_images() laenge_liste_images_us_west = len(liste_images_us_west) for i in range(laenge_liste_images_us_west): datastore_uswest_AMIs = AmazonEC2uswest(ami=liste_images_us_west[i].id, mani=str(liste_images_us_west[i].location), typ=liste_images_us_west[i].type, arch=liste_images_us_west[i].architecture, state=liste_images_us_west[i].state, owner=liste_images_us_west[i].ownerId) datastore_uswest_AMIs.put() The problem: Getting the list with get_all_images() lasts only a few seconds. But writing the data to the Google datastore needs way too much CPU time. My IBM T42p (P4M with 2GHz) needs for that piece of code approx. 1 Minute! Is it possible to optimize my code in a way that it needs fewer CPU time?

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  • speed up wamp server + drupal on windows vista

    - by Andrew Welch
    Hi, My localhost performance with drupal six is pretty slow. I found a solution to add a # before the :: localhost line of the system32/etc/hosts file but this was something I had already done and didn't help much. does anyone know of any other optimisations that might work? tHanks Andy

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  • Good Starting Points for Optimizing Database Calls in Ruby on Rails?

    - by viatropos
    I have a menu in Rails which grabs a nested tree of Post models, each which have a Slug model associated via a polymorphic association (using the friendly_id gem for slugs and awesome_nested_set for the tree). The database output in development looks like this (here's the full gist): SQL (0.4ms) SELECT COUNT(*) AS count_id FROM "posts" WHERE ("posts".parent_id = 39) CACHE (0.0ms) SELECT "posts".* FROM "posts" WHERE ("posts"."id" = 13) LIMIT 1 CACHE (0.0ms) SELECT "slugs".* FROM "slugs" WHERE ("slugs".sluggable_id = 13 AND "slugs".sluggable_type = 'Post') ORDER BY id DESC LIMIT 1 Slug Load (0.4ms) SELECT "slugs".* FROM "slugs" WHERE ("slugs".sluggable_id = 40 AND "slugs".sluggable_type = 'Post') ORDER BY id DESC LIMIT 1 SQL (0.3ms) SELECT COUNT(*) AS count_id FROM "posts" WHERE ("posts".parent_id = 40) CACHE (0.0ms) SELECT "posts".* FROM "posts" WHERE ("posts"."id" = 13) LIMIT 1 CACHE (0.0ms) SELECT "slugs".* FROM "slugs" WHERE ("slugs".sluggable_id = 13 AND "slugs".sluggable_type = 'Post') ORDER BY id DESC LIMIT 1 Slug Load (0.4ms) SELECT "slugs".* FROM "slugs" WHERE ("slugs".sluggable_id = 41 AND "slugs".sluggable_type = 'Post') ORDER BY id DESC LIMIT 1 ... Rendered shared/_menu.html.haml (907.6ms) What are some quick things I should always do to optimize this from the start (easy things)? Some things I'm thinking now are: Can Rails 3 eager load the whole Post tree + associated Slugs in one DB call? Can I do that easily with named scopes or custom SQL? What is best practice in this situation? Not really thinking about memcached in this situation as that can be applied to much more than just this.

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  • Webcrawler, feedback?

    - by Jan Kuboschek
    Hey folks, every once in a while I have the need to automate data collection tasks from websites. Sometimes I need a bunch of URLs from a directory, sometimes I need an XML sitemap (yes, I know there is lots of software for that and online services). Anyways, as follow up to my previous question I've written a little webcrawler that can visit websites. Basic crawler class to easily and quickly interact with one website. Override "doAction(String URL, String content)" to process the content further (e.g. store it, parse it). Concept allows for multi-threading of crawlers. All class instances share processed and queued lists of links. Instead of keeping track of processed links and queued links within the object, a JDBC connection could be established to store links in a database. Currently limited to one website at a time, however, could be expanded upon by adding an externalLinks stack and adding to it as appropriate. JCrawler is intended to be used to quickly generate XML sitemaps or parse websites for your desired information. It's lightweight. Is this a good/decent way to write the crawler, provided the limitations above? http://pastebin.com/VtgC4qVE - Main.java http://pastebin.com/gF4sLHEW - JCrawler.java http://pastebin.com/VJ1grArt - HTMLUtils.java Thanks for your feedback in advance! :)

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  • The best way to implement drawing features like Keynote

    - by Shamseddine
    Hi all, I'm trying to make a little iPad tool's for drawing simple geometrical objects (rect, rounded rect, ellipse, star, ...). My goal is to make something very close to Keynote (drawing feature), i.e. let the user add a rect (for instance), resizing it and moving it. I want too the user can select many objects and move them together. I've thought about at least 3 differents ways to do that : Extends UIView for each object type, a class for Rect, another for Ellipse, ... With custom drawing method. Then add this view as subview of the global view. Extends CALayer for each object type, a class for Rect, another for Ellipse, ... With custom drawing method. Then add this layer as sublayer of the global view layer's. Extends NSObject for each object type, a class for Rect, another for Ellipse, ... With just a drawing method which will get as argument a CGContext and a Rect and draw directly the form in it. Those methods will be called by the drawing method of the global view. I'm aware that the two first ways come with functions to detect touch on each object, to add easily shadows,... but I'm afraid that they are a little too heavy ? That's why I thought about the last way, which it seems to be straight forward. Which way will be the more efficient ??? Or maybe I didn't thought another way ? Any help will be appreciated ;-) Thanks.

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  • PHP Increasing write to page speed.

    - by Frederico
    I'm currently writing out xml and have done the following: header ("content-type: text/xml"); header ("content-length: ".strlen($xml)); $xml being the xml to be written out. I'm near about 1.8 megs of text (which I found via firebug), it seems as the writing is taking more time than the script to run.. is there a way to increase this write speed? Thank you in advance.

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  • Optimizing Python code with many attribute and dictionary lookups

    - by gotgenes
    I have written a program in Python which spends a large amount of time looking up attributes of objects and values from dictionary keys. I would like to know if there's any way I can optimize these lookup times, potentially with a C extension, to reduce the time of execution, or if I need to simply re-implement the program in a compiled language. The program implements some algorithms using a graph. It runs prohibitively slowly on our data sets, so I profiled the code with cProfile using a reduced data set that could actually complete. The vast majority of the time is being burned in one function, and specifically in two statements, generator expressions, within the function: The generator expression at line 202 is neighbors_in_selected_nodes = (neighbor for neighbor in node_neighbors if neighbor in selected_nodes) and the generator expression at line 204 is neighbor_z_scores = (interaction_graph.node[neighbor]['weight'] for neighbor in neighbors_in_selected_nodes) The source code for this function of context provided below. selected_nodes is a set of nodes in the interaction_graph, which is a NetworkX Graph instance. node_neighbors is an iterator from Graph.neighbors_iter(). Graph itself uses dictionaries for storing nodes and edges. Its Graph.node attribute is a dictionary which stores nodes and their attributes (e.g., 'weight') in dictionaries belonging to each node. Each of these lookups should be amortized constant time (i.e., O(1)), however, I am still paying a large penalty for the lookups. Is there some way which I can speed up these lookups (e.g., by writing parts of this as a C extension), or do I need to move the program to a compiled language? Below is the full source code for the function that provides the context; the vast majority of execution time is spent within this function. def calculate_node_z_prime( node, interaction_graph, selected_nodes ): """Calculates a z'-score for a given node. The z'-score is based on the z-scores (weights) of the neighbors of the given node, and proportional to the z-score (weight) of the given node. Specifically, we find the maximum z-score of all neighbors of the given node that are also members of the given set of selected nodes, multiply this z-score by the z-score of the given node, and return this value as the z'-score for the given node. If the given node has no neighbors in the interaction graph, the z'-score is defined as zero. Returns the z'-score as zero or a positive floating point value. :Parameters: - `node`: the node for which to compute the z-prime score - `interaction_graph`: graph containing the gene-gene or gene product-gene product interactions - `selected_nodes`: a `set` of nodes fitting some criterion of interest (e.g., annotated with a term of interest) """ node_neighbors = interaction_graph.neighbors_iter(node) neighbors_in_selected_nodes = (neighbor for neighbor in node_neighbors if neighbor in selected_nodes) neighbor_z_scores = (interaction_graph.node[neighbor]['weight'] for neighbor in neighbors_in_selected_nodes) try: max_z_score = max(neighbor_z_scores) # max() throws a ValueError if its argument has no elements; in this # case, we need to set the max_z_score to zero except ValueError, e: # Check to make certain max() raised this error if 'max()' in e.args[0]: max_z_score = 0 else: raise e z_prime = interaction_graph.node[node]['weight'] * max_z_score return z_prime Here are the top couple of calls according to cProfiler, sorted by time. ncalls tottime percall cumtime percall filename:lineno(function) 156067701 352.313 0.000 642.072 0.000 bpln_contextual.py:204(<genexpr>) 156067701 289.759 0.000 289.759 0.000 bpln_contextual.py:202(<genexpr>) 13963893 174.047 0.000 816.119 0.000 {max} 13963885 69.804 0.000 936.754 0.000 bpln_contextual.py:171(calculate_node_z_prime) 7116883 61.982 0.000 61.982 0.000 {method 'update' of 'set' objects}

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  • How to optimise MySQL query containing a subquery?

    - by aidan
    I have two tables, House and Person. For any row in House, there can be 0, 1 or many corresponding rows in Person. But, of those people, a maximum of one will have a status of "ACTIVE", the others will all have a status of "CANCELLED". e.g. SELECT * FROM House LEFT JOIN Person ON House.ID = Person.HouseID House.ID | Person.ID | Person.Status 1 | 1 | CANCELLED 1 | 2 | CANCELLED 1 | 3 | ACTIVE 2 | 1 | ACTIVE 3 | NULL | NULL 4 | 4 | CANCELLED I want to filter out the cancelled rows, and get something like this: House.ID | Person.ID | Person.Status 1 | 3 | ACTIVE 2 | 1 | ACTIVE 3 | NULL | NULL 4 | NULL | NULL I've achieved this with the following sub select: SELECT * FROM House LEFT JOIN ( SELECT * FROM Person WHERE Person.Status != "CANCELLED" ) Person ON House.ID = Person.HouseID ...which works, but breaks all the indexes. Is there a better solution that doesn't? I'm using MySQL and all relevant columns are indexed. EXPLAIN lists nothing in possible_keys. Thanks.

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  • How Do You Profile & Optimize CUDA Kernels?

    - by John Dibling
    I am somewhat familiar with the CUDA visual profiler and the occupancy spreadsheet, although I am probably not leveraging them as well as I could. Profiling & optimizing CUDA code is not like profiling & optimizing code that runs on a CPU. So I am hoping to learn from your experiences about how to get the most out of my code. There was a post recently looking for the fastest possible code to identify self numbers, and I provided a CUDA implementation. I'm not satisfied that this code is as fast as it can be, but I'm at a loss as to figure out both what the right questions are and what tool I can get the answers from. How do you identify ways to make your CUDA kernels perform faster?

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  • Float compile-time calculation not happening?

    - by Klaim
    A little test program: #include <iostream> const float TEST_FLOAT = 1/60; const float TEST_A = 1; const float TEST_B = 60; const float TEST_C = TEST_A / TEST_B; int main() { std::cout << TEST_FLOAT << std::endl; std::cout << TEST_C << std::endl; std::cin.ignore(); return 0; } Result : 0 0.0166667 Tested on Visual Studio 2008 & 2010. I worked on other compilers that, if I remember well, made the first result like the second result. Now my memory could be wrong, but shouldn't TEST_FLOAT have the same value than TEST_C? If not, why? Is TEST_C value resolved at compile time or at runtime? I always assumed the former but now that I see those results I have some doubts...

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  • Searching with Linq

    - by Phil
    I have a collection of objects, each with an int Frame property. Given an int, I want to find the object in the collection that has the closest Frame. Here is what I'm doing so far: public static void Search(int frameNumber) { var differences = (from rec in _records select new { FrameDiff = Math.Abs(rec.Frame - frameNumber), Record = rec }).OrderBy(x => x.FrameDiff); var closestRecord = differences.FirstOrDefault().Record; //continue work... } This is great and everything, except there are 200,000 items in my collection and I call this method very frequently. Is there a relatively easy, more efficient way to do this?

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  • Combining javascripts into a single file

    - by toomanyairmiles
    Having read up recently on yahoo's web optimisation tips and using YSlow I've implemented a few of their ideas on one of my sites http://www.gwynfryncottages.com you can see the file here http://www.gwynfryncottages.com/js/gw-custom.js. While this technique seems to work perfectly on most occasions, and really does speed up the site, I do notice a significantly higher number of errors where the javascripts don't load or don't load completely while I'm working on the site so three questions:- is combining scripts this way a good idea at all in terms of reliablity? is there any way to measure the number of errors? is there any way to 'pre-load' the javascript or ensure that the number of loading errors is reduced?

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  • Profiling short-lived Java applications

    - by ejel
    Is there any Java profiler that allows profiling short-lived applications? The profilers I found so far seem to work with applications that keep running until user termination. However, I want to profile applications that work like command-line utilities, it runs and exits immediately. Tools like visualvm or NetBeans Profiler do not even recognize that the application was ran. I am looking for something similar to Python's cProfile, in that the profiler result is returned when the application exits.

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  • Very slow Eclipse 4.2, how to make it more responsive?

    - by Laurent
    I'm using Eclipse PDT on a rather large PHP project and the IDE is almost unusable. It takes nearly 30 seconds to open a file, and other actions, like selecting a folder in the file explorer, editing some text, etc. are equally slow. I followed various instructions to speed it up but nothing seems to work. This is my current eclipse.ini file. Any idea how I can improve it? -startup plugins/org.eclipse.equinox.launcher_1.3.0.v20120522-1813.jar --launcher.library plugins/org.eclipse.equinox.launcher.win32.win32.x86_1.1.200.v20120522-1813 -showsplash org.eclipse.platform --launcher.XXMaxPermSize 256m --launcher.defaultAction openFile -vmargs -server -Dosgi.requiredJavaVersion=1.7 -Xmn128m -Xms1024m -Xmx1024m -Xss2m -XX:PermSize=128m -XX:MaxPermSize=128m -XX:+UseParallelGC System: Eclipse 4.2.0, Windows 7, 4 GB RAM

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  • When to use certain optimizations such as -fwhole-program and -fprofile-generate with several shared libraries

    - by James
    Probably a simple answer; I get quite confused with the language used in the GCC documentation for some of these flags! Anyway, I have three libraries and a programme which uses all these three. I compile each of my libraries seperately with individual (potentially) different sets of warning flags. However, I compile all three libraries with the same set of optimisation flags. I then compile my main programme linking in these three libraries with its own set of warning flags and the same optimisation flags used during the libraries' compilation. 1) Do I have to compile the libraries with optimisation flags present or can I just use these flags when compiling the final programme and linking to the libraries? If the latter, will it then optimise all or just some (presumably that which is called) of the code in these libraries? 2) I would like to use -fwhole-program -flto -fuse-linker-plugin and the linker plugin gold. At which stage do I compile with these on ... just the final compilation or do these flags need to be present during the compilation of the libraries? 3) Pretty much the same as 2) however with, -fprofile-generate -fprofile-arcs and -fprofile-use. I understand one first runs a programme with generate, and then with use. However, do I have to compile each of the libraries with generate/use etc. or just the final programme? And if it is just the last programme, when I then compeil with -fprofile-use will it also optimise the libraries functionality? Many thanks, James

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  • Fastest way to put contents of Set<String> to a single String with words separated by a whitespace?

    - by Lars Andren
    I have a few Set<String>s and want to transform each of these into a single String where each element of the original Set is separated by a whitespace " ". A naive first approach is doing it like this Set<String> set_1; Set<String> set_2; StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder(); for (String str : set_1) { builder.append(str).append(" "); } this.string_1 = builder.toString(); builder = new StringBuilder(); for (String str : set_2) { builder.append(str).append(" "); } this.string_2 = builder.toString(); Can anyone think of a faster, prettier or more efficient way to do this?

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  • c++ optimize array of ints

    - by a432511
    I have a 2D lookup table of int16_t. int16_t my_array[37][73] = {{**DATA HERE**}} I have a mixture of values that range from just above the range of int8_t to just below the range of int8_t and some of the values repeat themselves. I am trying to reduce the size of this lookup table. What I have done so far is split each int16_t value into two int8_t values to visualize the wasted bytes. int8_t part_1 = original_value >> 4; int8_t part_2 = original_value & 0x0000FFFF; // If the upper 4 bits of the original_value were empty if(part_1 == 0) wasted_bytes_count++; I can easily remove the zero value int8_t that are wasting a byte of space and I can also remove the duplicate values, but my question is how do I do remove those values while retaining the ability to lookup based on the two indices? I contemplated translating this into a 1D array and adding a number following each duplicated value that would represent the number of duplicates that were removed, but I am struggling with how I would then identify what is a lookup value and what is a duplicate count. Also, it is further complicated by stripping out the zero int8_t values that were wasted bytes. EDIT: This array is stored in ROM already. RAM is even more limited than ROM so it is already stored in ROM. EDIT: I am going to post a bounty for this question as soon as I can. I need a complete answer of how to store the information AND retrieve it. It does not need to be a 2D array as long as I can get the same values. EDIT: Adding the actual array below: {150,145,140,135,130,125,120,115,110,105,100,95,90,85,80,75,70,65,60,55,50,45,40,35,30,25,20,15,10,5,0,-4,-9,-14,-19,-24,-29,-34,-39,-44,-49,-54,-59,-64,-69,-74,-79,-84,-89,-94,-99,104,109,114,119,124,129,134,139,144,149,154,159,164,169,174,179,175,170,165,160,155,150}, \ {143,137,131,126,120,115,110,105,100,95,90,85,80,75,71,66,62,57,53,48,44,39,35,31,27,22,18,14,9,5,1,-3,-7,-11,-16,-20,-25,-29,-34,-38,-43,-47,-52,-57,-61,-66,-71,-76,-81,-86,-91,-96,101,107,112,117,123,128,134,140,146,151,157,163,169,175,178,172,166,160,154,148,143}, \ {130,124,118,112,107,101,96,92,87,82,78,74,70,65,61,57,54,50,46,42,38,34,31,27,23,19,16,12,8,4,1,-2,-6,-10,-14,-18,-22,-26,-30,-34,-38,-43,-47,-51,-56,-61,-65,-70,-75,-79,-84,-89,-94,100,105,111,116,122,128,135,141,148,155,162,170,177,174,166,159,151,144,137,130}, \ {111,104,99,94,89,85,81,77,73,70,66,63,60,56,53,50,46,43,40,36,33,30,26,23,20,16,13,10,6,3,0,-3,-6,-9,-13,-16,-20,-24,-28,-32,-36,-40,-44,-48,-52,-57,-61,-65,-70,-74,-79,-84,-88,-93,-98,103,109,115,121,128,135,143,152,162,172,176,165,154,144,134,125,118,111}, \ {85,81,77,74,71,68,65,63,60,58,56,53,51,49,46,43,41,38,35,32,29,26,23,19,16,13,10,7,4,1,-1,-3,-6,-9,-13,-16,-19,-23,-26,-30,-34,-38,-42,-46,-50,-54,-58,-62,-66,-70,-74,-78,-83,-87,-91,-95,100,105,110,117,124,133,144,159,178,160,141,125,112,103,96,90,85}, \ {62,60,58,57,55,54,52,51,50,48,47,46,44,42,41,39,36,34,31,28,25,22,19,16,13,10,7,4,2,0,-3,-5,-8,-10,-13,-16,-19,-22,-26,-29,-33,-37,-41,-45,-49,-53,-56,-60,-64,-67,-70,-74,-77,-80,-83,-86,-89,-91,-94,-97,101,105,111,130,109,84,77,74,71,68,66,64,62}, \ {46,46,45,44,44,43,42,42,41,41,40,39,38,37,36,35,33,31,28,26,23,20,16,13,10,7,4,1,-1,-3,-5,-7,-9,-12,-14,-16,-19,-22,-26,-29,-33,-36,-40,-44,-48,-51,-55,-58,-61,-64,-66,-68,-71,-72,-74,-74,-75,-74,-72,-68,-61,-48,-25,2,22,33,40,43,45,46,47,46,46}, \ {36,36,36,36,36,35,35,35,35,34,34,34,34,33,32,31,30,28,26,23,20,17,14,10,6,3,0,-2,-4,-7,-9,-10,-12,-14,-15,-17,-20,-23,-26,-29,-32,-36,-40,-43,-47,-50,-53,-56,-58,-60,-62,-63,-64,-64,-63,-62,-59,-55,-49,-41,-30,-17,-4,6,15,22,27,31,33,34,35,36,36}, \ {30,30,30,30,30,30,30,29,29,29,29,29,29,29,29,28,27,26,24,21,18,15,11,7,3,0,-3,-6,-9,-11,-12,-14,-15,-16,-17,-19,-21,-23,-26,-29,-32,-35,-39,-42,-45,-48,-51,-53,-55,-56,-57,-57,-56,-55,-53,-49,-44,-38,-31,-23,-14,-6,0,7,13,17,21,24,26,27,29,29,30}, \ {25,25,26,26,26,25,25,25,25,25,25,25,25,26,25,25,24,23,21,19,16,12,8,4,0,-3,-7,-10,-13,-15,-16,-17,-18,-19,-20,-21,-22,-23,-25,-28,-31,-34,-37,-40,-43,-46,-48,-49,-50,-51,-51,-50,-48,-45,-42,-37,-32,-26,-19,-13,-7,-1,3,7,11,14,17,19,21,23,24,25,25}, \ {21,22,22,22,22,22,22,22,22,22,22,22,22,22,22,22,21,20,18,16,13,9,5,1,-3,-7,-11,-14,-17,-18,-20,-21,-21,-22,-22,-22,-23,-23,-25,-27,-29,-32,-35,-37,-40,-42,-44,-45,-45,-45,-44,-42,-40,-36,-32,-27,-22,-17,-12,-7,-3,0,3,7,9,12,14,16,18,19,20,21,21}, \ {18,19,19,19,19,19,19,19,19,19,19,19,19,19,19,19,18,17,16,14,10,7,2,-1,-6,-10,-14,-17,-19,-21,-22,-23,-24,-24,-24,-24,-23,-23,-23,-24,-26,-28,-30,-33,-35,-37,-38,-39,-39,-38,-36,-34,-31,-28,-24,-19,-15,-10,-6,-3,0,1,4,6,8,10,12,14,15,16,17,18,18}, \ {16,16,17,17,17,17,17,17,17,17,17,16,16,16,16,16,16,15,13,11,8,4,0,-4,-9,-13,-16,-19,-21,-23,-24,-25,-25,-25,-25,-24,-23,-21,-20,-20,-21,-22,-24,-26,-28,-30,-31,-32,-31,-30,-29,-27,-24,-21,-17,-13,-9,-6,-3,-1,0,2,4,5,7,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,16}, \ {14,14,14,15,15,15,15,15,15,15,14,14,14,14,14,14,13,12,11,9,5,2,-2,-6,-11,-15,-18,-21,-23,-24,-25,-25,-25,-25,-24,-22,-21,-18,-16,-15,-15,-15,-17,-19,-21,-22,-24,-24,-24,-23,-22,-20,-18,-15,-12,-9,-5,-3,-1,0,1,2,4,5,6,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,14}, \ {12,13,13,13,13,13,13,13,13,13,13,13,12,12,12,12,11,10,9,6,3,0,-4,-8,-12,-16,-19,-21,-23,-24,-24,-24,-24,-23,-22,-20,-17,-15,-12,-10,-9,-9,-10,-12,-13,-15,-17,-17,-18,-17,-16,-15,-13,-11,-8,-5,-3,-1,0,1,1,2,3,4,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,12,12}, \ {11,11,11,11,11,12,12,12,12,12,11,11,11,11,11,10,10,9,7,5,2,-1,-5,-9,-13,-17,-20,-22,-23,-23,-23,-23,-22,-20,-18,-16,-14,-11,-9,-6,-5,-4,-5,-6,-8,-9,-11,-12,-12,-12,-12,-11,-9,-8,-6,-3,-1,0,0,1,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,11,11}, \ {10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,9,9,9,7,6,3,0,-3,-6,-10,-14,-17,-20,-21,-22,-22,-22,-21,-19,-17,-15,-13,-10,-8,-6,-4,-2,-2,-2,-2,-4,-5,-7,-8,-8,-9,-8,-8,-7,-5,-4,-2,0,0,1,1,1,2,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,10,10}, \ {9,9,9,9,9,9,9,10,10,9,9,9,9,9,9,8,8,6,5,2,0,-4,-7,-11,-15,-17,-19,-21,-21,-21,-20,-18,-16,-14,-12,-10,-8,-6,-4,-2,-1,0,0,0,-1,-2,-4,-5,-5,-6,-6,-5,-5,-4,-3,-1,0,0,1,1,1,1,2,3,3,5,6,7,8,8,9,9,9}, \ {9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,8,8,8,8,7,5,4,1,-1,-5,-8,-12,-15,-17,-19,-20,-20,-19,-18,-16,-14,-11,-9,-7,-5,-4,-2,-1,0,0,1,1,0,0,-2,-3,-3,-4,-4,-4,-3,-3,-2,-1,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,8,9,9}, \ {9,9,9,8,8,8,9,9,9,9,9,8,8,8,8,7,6,5,3,0,-2,-5,-9,-12,-15,-17,-18,-19,-19,-18,-16,-14,-12,-9,-7,-5,-4,-2,-1,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,-1,-2,-2,-3,-3,-2,-2,-1,-1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,8,9}, \ {8,8,8,8,8,8,9,9,9,9,9,9,8,8,8,7,6,4,2,0,-3,-6,-9,-12,-15,-17,-18,-18,-17,-16,-14,-12,-10,-8,-6,-4,-2,-1,0,0,1,2,2,2,2,1,0,0,-1,-1,-1,-2,-2,-1,-1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,8}, \ {8,8,8,8,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,8,8,7,5,3,1,-1,-4,-7,-10,-13,-15,-16,-17,-17,-16,-15,-13,-11,-9,-6,-5,-3,-2,0,0,0,1,2,2,2,2,1,1,0,0,0,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,0,0,0,0,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,0,0,1,3,4,5,7,7,8}, \ {8,8,9,9,9,9,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,9,8,7,5,3,0,-2,-5,-8,-11,-13,-15,-16,-16,-16,-15,-13,-12,-10,-8,-6,-4,-2,-1,0,0,1,2,2,3,3,2,2,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,-1,-1,-2,-2,-2,-2,-2,-1,0,0,1,3,4,6,7,8}, \ {7,8,9,9,9,10,10,11,11,11,11,11,10,10,9,7,5,3,0,-2,-6,-9,-11,-13,-15,-16,-16,-15,-14,-13,-11,-9,-7,-5,-3,-2,0,0,1,1,2,3,3,3,3,2,2,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,-1,-1,-2,-3,-3,-4,-4,-4,-3,-2,-1,0,1,3,5,6,7}, \ {6,8,9,9,10,11,11,12,12,12,12,12,11,11,9,7,5,2,0,-3,-7,-10,-12,-14,-15,-16,-15,-15,-13,-12,-10,-8,-7,-5,-3,-1,0,0,1,2,2,3,3,4,3,3,3,2,2,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,-1,-2,-3,-4,-4,-5,-5,-5,-5,-4,-2,-1,0,2,3,5,6}, \ {6,7,8,10,11,12,12,13,13,14,14,13,13,11,10,8,5,2,0,-4,-8,-11,-13,-15,-16,-16,-16,-15,-13,-12,-10,-8,-6,-5,-3,-1,0,0,1,2,3,3,4,4,4,4,4,3,3,3,2,2,1,1,0,0,-1,-2,-3,-5,-6,-7,-7,-7,-6,-5,-4,-3,-1,0,2,4,6}, \ {5,7,8,10,11,12,13,14,15,15,15,14,14,12,11,8,5,2,-1,-5,-9,-12,-14,-16,-17,-17,-16,-15,-14,-12,-11,-9,-7,-5,-3,-1,0,0,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,5,5,5,5,4,4,3,3,2,1,0,-1,-2,-4,-6,-7,-8,-8,-8,-8,-7,-6,-4,-2,0,1,3,5}, \ {4,6,8,10,12,13,14,15,16,16,16,16,15,13,11,9,5,2,-2,-6,-10,-13,-16,-17,-18,-18,-17,-16,-15,-13,-11,-9,-7,-5,-4,-2,0,0,1,3,3,4,5,6,6,7,7,7,7,7,6,5,4,3,2,0,-1,-3,-5,-7,-8,-9,-10,-10,-10,-9,-7,-5,-4,-1,0,2,4}, \ {4,6,8,10,12,14,15,16,17,18,18,17,16,15,12,9,5,1,-3,-8,-12,-15,-18,-19,-20,-20,-19,-18,-16,-15,-13,-11,-8,-6,-4,-2,-1,0,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,9,9,9,9,9,8,7,5,3,1,-1,-3,-6,-8,-10,-11,-12,-12,-11,-10,-9,-7,-5,-2,0,1,4}, \ {4,6,8,11,13,15,16,18,19,19,19,19,18,16,13,10,5,0,-5,-10,-15,-18,-21,-22,-23,-22,-22,-20,-18,-17,-14,-12,-10,-8,-5,-3,-1,0,1,3,5,6,8,9,10,11,12,12,13,12,12,11,9,7,5,2,0,-3,-6,-9,-11,-12,-13,-13,-12,-11,-10,-8,-6,-3,-1,1,4}, \ {3,6,9,11,14,16,17,19,20,21,21,21,19,17,14,10,4,-1,-8,-14,-19,-22,-25,-26,-26,-26,-25,-23,-21,-19,-17,-14,-12,-9,-7,-4,-2,0,1,3,5,7,9,11,13,14,15,16,16,16,16,15,13,10,7,4,0,-3,-7,-10,-12,-14,-15,-14,-14,-12,-11,-9,-6,-4,-1,1,3}, \ {4,6,9,12,14,17,19,21,22,23,23,23,21,19,15,9,2,-5,-13,-20,-25,-28,-30,-31,-31,-30,-29,-27,-25,-22,-20,-17,-14,-11,-9,-6,-3,0,1,4,6,9,11,13,15,17,19,20,21,21,21,20,18,15,11,6,2,-2,-7,-11,-13,-15,-16,-16,-15,-13,-11,-9,-7,-4,-1,1,4}, \ {4,7,10,13,15,18,20,22,24,25,25,25,23,20,15,7,-2,-12,-22,-29,-34,-37,-38,-38,-37,-36,-34,-31,-29,-26,-23,-20,-17,-13,-10,-7,-4,-1,2,5,8,11,13,16,18,21,23,24,26,26,26,26,24,21,17,12,5,0,-6,-10,-14,-16,-16,-16,-15,-14,-12,-10,-7,-4,-1,1,4}, \ {4,7,10,13,16,19,22,24,26,27,27,26,24,19,11,-1,-15,-28,-37,-43,-46,-47,-47,-45,-44,-41,-39,-36,-32,-29,-26,-22,-19,-15,-11,-8,-4,-1,2,5,9,12,15,19,22,24,27,29,31,33,33,33,32,30,26,21,14,6,0,-6,-11,-14,-15,-16,-15,-14,-12,-9,-7,-4,-1,1,4}, \ {6,9,12,15,18,21,23,25,27,28,27,24,17,4,-14,-34,-49,-56,-60,-60,-60,-58,-56,-53,-50,-47,-43,-40,-36,-32,-28,-25,-21,-17,-13,-9,-5,-1,2,6,10,14,17,21,24,28,31,34,37,39,41,42,43,43,41,38,33,25,17,8,0,-4,-8,-10,-10,-10,-8,-7,-4,-2,0,3,6}, \ {22,24,26,28,30,32,33,31,23,-18,-81,-96,-99,-98,-95,-93,-89,-86,-82,-78,-74,-70,-66,-62,-57,-53,-49,-44,-40,-36,-32,-27,-23,-19,-14,-10,-6,-1,2,6,10,15,19,23,27,31,35,38,42,45,49,52,55,57,60,61,63,63,62,61,57,53,47,40,33,28,23,21,19,19,19,20,22}, \ {168,173,178,176,171,166,161,156,151,146,141,136,131,126,121,116,111,106,101,-96,-91,-86,-81,-76,-71,-66,-61,-56,-51,-46,-41,-36,-31,-26,-21,-16,-11,-6,-1,3,8,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,53,58,63,68,73,78,83,88,93,98,103,108,113,118,123,128,133,138,143,148,153,158,163,168}, \ Thanks for your time.

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  • Combine query results from one table with the defaults from another

    - by pulegium
    This is a dumbed down version of the real table data, so may look bit silly. Table 1 (users): id INT username TEXT favourite_food TEXT food_pref_id INT Table 2 (food_preferences): id INT food_type TEXT The logic is as follows: Let's say I have this in my food preference table: 1, 'VEGETARIAN' and this in the users table: 1, 'John', NULL, 1 2, 'Pete', 'Curry', 1 In which case John defaults to be a vegetarian, but Pete should show up as a person who enjoys curry. Question, is there any way to combine the query into one select statement, so that it would get the default from the preferences table if the favourite_food column is NULL? I can obviously do this in application logic, but would be nice just to offload this to SQL, if possible. DB is SQLite3...

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  • How efficient is PHP's substr?

    - by zildjohn01
    I'm writing a parser in PHP which must be able to handle large in-memory strings, so this is a somewhat important issue. (ie, please don't "premature optimize" flame me, please) How does the substr function work? Does it make a second copy of the string data in memory, or does it reference the original? Should I worry about calling, for example, $str = substr($str, 1); in a loop?

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  • How to use constraint programming for optimizing shopping baskets?

    - by tangens
    I have a list of items I want to buy. The items are offered by different shops and different prices. The shops have individual delivery costs. I'm looking for an optimal shopping strategy (and a java library supporting it) to purchase all of the items with a minimal total price. Example: Item1 is offered at Shop1 for $100, at Shop2 for $111. Item2 is offered at Shop1 for $90, at Shop2 for $85. Delivery cost of Shop1: $10 if total order < $150; $0 otherwise Delivery cost of Shop2: $5 if total order < $50; $0 otherwise If I buy Item1 and Item2 at Shop1 the total cost is $100 + $90 +$0 = $190. If I buy Item1 and Item2 at Shop2 the total cost is $111 + $85 +$0 = $196. If I buy Item1 at Shop1 and Item2 at Shop2 the total cost is $100 + $10 + $85 + $0 = 195. I get the minimal price if I order Item1 and Item2 at Shop1: $190 What I tried so far I asked another question before that led me to the field of constraint programming. I had a look at cream and choco, but I did not figure out how to create a model to solve my problem. | shop1 | shop2 | shop3 | ... ----------------------------------------- item1 | p11 | p12 | p13 | item2 | p21 | p22 | p23 | . | | | | . | | | | ----------------------------------------- shipping | s1 | s2 | s3 | limit | l1 | l2 | l3 | ----------------------------------------- total | t1 | t2 | t3 | ----------------------------------------- My idea was to define these constraints: each price "p xy" is defined in the domain (0, c) where c is the price of the item in this shop only one price in a line should be non zero if one or more items are bought from one shop and the sum of the prices is lower than limit, then add shipping cost to the total cost shop total cost is the sum of the prices of all items in a shop total cost is the sum of all shop totals The objective is "total cost". I want to minimize this. In cream I wasn't able to express the "if then" constraint for conditional shipping costs. In choco these constraints exist, but even for 5 items and 10 shops the program was running for 10 minutes without finding a solution. Question How should I express my constraints to make this problem solvable for a constraint programming solver?

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  • Is it better to echo javascript in raw format with php, or echo a script include that has been minif

    - by Scarface
    Hey guys quick question, I am currently echoing a lot of javascript that is based conditionally on login status and other variables. I was wondering if it would be better to simply echo the script include like <script type="text/javascript" src="javascript/openlogin.js"></script> that has been run through a minifying program and been gzipped or to echo the full script in raw format. The latter suggestion is messier to me but it reduces http requests while the latter would probably be smaller but take more cpu? Just wondering what some other people think. Thanks in advance for any advice.

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  • Javascript + Firebug : "cannot access optimized closure" What does it mean?

    - by interstar
    I just got the following error in a piece of javascript (in Firefox 3.5, with Firebug running) cannot access optimized closure I know, superficially, what caused the error. I had a line options.length() instead of options.length Fixing this bug, made the message go away. But I'm curious. What does this mean? What is an optimized closure? Is optimizing an enclosure something that the javascript interpretter does automatically? What does it do?

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