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• Stepping outside Visual Studio IDE [Part 2 of 2] with Mono 2.6.4

  - by mbcrump

  Continuing part 2 of my Stepping outside the Visual Studio IDE, is the open-source Mono Project. Mono is a software platform designed to allow developers to easily create cross platform applications. Sponsored by Novell (http://www.novell.com/), Mono is an open source implementation of Microsoft's .NET Framework based on the ECMA standards for C# and the Common Language Runtime. A growing family of solutions and an active and enthusiastic contributing community is helping position Mono to become the leading choice for development of Linux applications. So, to clarify. You can use Mono to develop .NET applications that will run on Linux, Windows or Mac. It’s basically a IDE that has roots in Linux. Let’s first look at the compatibility: Compatibility If you already have an application written in .Net, you can scan your application with the Mono Migration Analyzer (MoMA) to determine if your application uses anything not supported by Mono. The current release version of Mono is 2.6. (Released December 2009) The easiest way to describe what Mono currently supports is: Everything in .NET 3.5 except WPF and WF, limited WCF. Here is a slightly more detailed view, by .NET framework version: Implemented C# 3.0 System.Core LINQ ASP.Net 3.5 ASP.Net MVC C# 2.0 (generics) Core Libraries 2.0: mscorlib, System, System.Xml ASP.Net 2.0 - except WebParts ADO.Net 2.0 Winforms/System.Drawing 2.0 - does not support right-to-left C# 1.0 Core Libraries 1.1: mscorlib, System, System.Xml ASP.Net 1.1 ADO.Net 1.1 Winforms/System.Drawing 1.1 Partially Implemented LINQ to SQL - Mostly done, but a few features missing WCF - silverlight 2.0 subset completed Not Implemented WPF - no plans to implement WF - Will implement WF 4 instead on future versions of Mono. System.Management - does not map to Linux System.EnterpriseServices - deprecated Links to documentation. The Official Mono FAQ’s Links to binaries. Mono IDE Latest Version is 2.6.4 That's it, nothing more is required except to compile and run .net code in Linux. Installation After landing on the mono project home page, you can select which platform you want to download. I typically pick the Virtual PC image since I spend all of my day using Windows 7. Go ahead and pick whatever version is best for you. The Virtual PC image comes with Suse Linux. Once the image is launch, you will see the following: I’m not going to go through each option but its best to start with “Start Here” icon. It will provide you with information on new projects or existing VS projects. After you get Mono installed, it's probably a good idea to run a quick Hello World program to make sure everything is setup properly. This allows you to know that your Mono is working before you try writing or running a more complex application. To write a "Hello World" program follow these steps: Start Mono Development Environment. Create a new Project: File->New->Solution Select "Console Project" in the category list. Enter a project name into the Project name field, for example, "HW Project". Click "Forward" Click “Packaging” then OK. You should have a screen very simular to a VS Console App. Click the "Run" button in the toolbar (Ctrl-F5). Look in the Application Output and you should have the “Hello World!” Your screen should look like the screen below. That should do it for a simple console app in mono. To test out an ASP.NET application, simply copy your code to a new directory in /srv/www/htdocs, then visit the following URL: http://localhost/directoryname/page.aspx where directoryname is the directory where you deployed your application and page.aspx is the initial page for your software. Databases You can continue to use SQL server database or use MySQL, Postgress, Sybase, Oracle, IBM’s DB2 or SQLite db. Conclusion I hope this brief look at the Mono IDE helps someone get acquainted with development outside of VS. As always, I welcome any suggestions or comments.

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• How can I gain access to a player instance in a Minecraft mod?

  - by Andrew Graber

  I'm creating Minecraft mod with a pickaxe that takes away experience when you break a block. The method for taking away experience from a player is addExperience on EntityPlayer, so I need to get an instance of EntityPlayer for the player using my pickaxe when the pickaxe breaks a block, so that I can remove the appropriate amount of experience. My pickaxe class currently looks like this: public class ExperiencePickaxe extends ItemPickaxe { public ExperiencePickaxe(int ItemID, EnumToolMaterial material){ super(ItemID, material); } public boolean onBlockDestroyed(ItemStack par1ItemStack, World par2World, int par3, int par4, int par5, int par6, EntityLiving par7EntityLiving) { if ((double)Block.blocksList[par3].getBlockHardness(par2World, par4, par5, par6) != 0.0D) { EntityPlayer e = new EntityPlayer(); // create an instance e.addExperience(-1); } return true; } } Obviously, I cannot actually create a new EntityPlayer since it is an abstract class. How can I get access to the player using my pickaxe?

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• Wifi problem in ubuntu using macbook pro when it restart

  - by Amro

  I was read that subject : http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2011756 and i follow it step by step in the page n 1 , then i was connect but after i restart my macbook again , i was lost the wifi connection.i dont know why or whats the problem exactly. every time I run this command: dmesg | grep -e b43 -e bcma I get this output: [ 2012.769684] bcma-pci-bridge 0000:02:00.0: PCI INT A -> GSI 17 (level, low) -> IRQ 17 [ 2012.769701] bcma-pci-bridge 0000:02:00.0: setting latency timer to 64 [ 2012.769775] bcma: Core 0 found: ChipCommon (manuf 0x4BF, id 0x800, rev 0x25, class 0x0) [ 2012.769808] bcma: Core 1 found: IEEE 802.11 (manuf 0x4BF, id 0x812, rev 0x1D, class 0x0) [ 2012.769889] bcma: Core 2 found: PCIe (manuf 0x4BF, id 0x820, rev 0x13, class 0x0) [ 2012.770175] bcma: PMU resource config unknown for device 0x4331 [ 2012.824527] bcma: Bus registered [ 2012.831744] b43-phy0: Broadcom 4331 WLAN found (core revision 29) [ 2013.371031] b43-phy0: Loading firmware version 666.2 (2011-02-23 01:15:07) and to get the connection again every time i must entery that code in the step of reload driver. How i can let the ubuntu see my wifi and wireless device automatically when i reboot my computer????

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• Stepping outside Visual Studio IDE [Part 1 of 2] with Eclipse

  - by mbcrump

  “If you're walking down the right path and you're willing to keep walking, eventually you'll make progress." – Barack Obama In my quest to become a better programmer, I’ve decided to start the process of learning Java. I will be primary using the Eclipse Language IDE. I will not bore you with the history just what is needed for a .NET developer to get up and running. I will provide links, screenshots and a few brief code tutorials. Links to documentation. The Official Eclipse FAQ’s Links to binaries. Eclipse IDE for Java EE Developers the Galileo Package (based on Eclipse 3.5 SR2)  Sun Developer Network – Java Eclipse officially recommends Java version 5 (also known as 1.5), although many Eclipse users use the newer version 6 (1.6). That's it, nothing more is required except to compile and run java. Installation Unzip the Eclipse IDE for Java EE Developers and double click the file named Eclipse.exe. You will probably want to create a link for it on your desktop. Once, it’s installed and launched you will have to select a workspace. Just accept the defaults and you will see the following: Lets go ahead and write a simple program. To write a "Hello World" program follow these steps: Start Eclipse. Create a new Java Project: File->New->Project. Select "Java" in the category list. Select "Java Project" in the project list. Click "Next". Enter a project name into the Project name field, for example, "HW Project". Click "Finish" Allow it to open the Java perspective Create a new Java class: Click the "Create a Java Class" button in the toolbar. (This is the icon below "Run" and "Window" with a tooltip that says "New Java Class.") Enter "HW" into the Name field. Click the checkbox indicating that you would like Eclipse to create a "public static void main(String[] args)" method. Click "Finish". A Java editor for HW.java will open. In the main method enter the following line.      System.out.println("This is my first java program and btw Hello World"); Save using ctrl-s. This automatically compiles HW.java. Click the "Run" button in the toolbar (looks like a VCR play button). You will be prompted to create a Launch configuration. Select "Java Application" and click "New". Click "Run" to run the Hello World program. The console will open and display "This is my first java program and btw Hello World". You now have your first java program, lets go ahead and make an applet. Since you already have the HW.java open, click inside the window and remove all code. Now copy/paste the following code snippet. Java Code Snippet for an applet. 1: import java.applet.Applet; 2: import java.awt.Graphics; 3: import java.awt.Color; 4:  5: @SuppressWarnings("serial") 6: public class HelloWorld extends Applet{ 7:  8: String text = "I'm a simple applet"; 9:  10: public void init() { 11: text = "I'm a simple applet"; 12: setBackground(Color.GREEN); 13: } 14:  15: public void start() { 16: System.out.println("starting..."); 17: } 18:  19: public void stop() { 20: System.out.println("stopping..."); 21: } 22:  23: public void destroy() { 24: System.out.println("preparing to unload..."); 25: } 26:  27: public void paint(Graphics g){ 28: System.out.println("Paint"); 29: g.setColor(Color.blue); 30: g.drawRect(0, 0, 31: getSize().width -1, 32: getSize().height -1); 33: g.setColor(Color.black); 34: g.drawString(text, 15, 25); 35: } 36: } The Eclipse IDE should look like Click "Run" to run the Hello World applet. Now, lets test our new java applet. So, navigate over to your workspace for example: “C:\Users\mbcrump\workspace\HW Project\bin” and you should see 2 files. HW.class java.policy.applet Create a HTML page with the following code: 1: <HTML> 2: <BODY> 3: <APPLET CODE=HW.class WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=100> 4: </APPLET> 5: </BODY> 6: </HTML> Open, the HTML page in Firefox or IE and you will see your applet running.  I hope this brief look at the Eclipse IDE helps someone get acquainted with Java Development. Even if your full time gig is with .NET, it will not hurt to have another language in your tool belt. As always, I welcome any suggestions or comments.

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• Is nesting types considered bad practice?

  - by Rob Z

  As noted by the title, is nesting types (e.g. enumerated types or structures in a class) considered bad practice or not? When you run Code Analysis in Visual Studio it returns the following message which implies it is: Warning 34 CA1034 : Microsoft.Design : Do not nest type 'ClassName.StructueName'. Alternatively, change its accessibility so that it is not externally visible. However, when I follow the recommendation of the Code Analysis I find that there tend to be a lot of structures and enumerated types floating around in the application that might only apply to a single class or would only be used with that class. As such, would it be appropriate to nest the type sin that case, or is there a better way of doing it?

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• Area of testing

  - by ?????? ??????????

  I'm trying to understand which part of my code I should to test. I have some code. Below is example of this code, just to understand the idea. Depends of some parametrs I put one or another currency to "Event" and return his serialization in the controller. Which part of code I should to test? Just the final serialization, or only "Event" or every method: getJson, getRows, fillCurrency, setCurrency? class Controller { public function getJson() { $rows = $eventManager->getRows(); return new JsonResponse($rows); } } class EventManager { public function getRows() { //some code here if ($parameter == true) { $this->fillCurrency($event, $currency); } } public function fillCurrency($event, $currency) { //some code here if ($parameters == true) { $event->setCurrency($currency); } } } class Event { public function setCurrency($currency) { $this->updatedAt = new Datetime(); $this->currency = $currency; } }

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• What is it going here in my solution?

  - by bbb

  I am a asp.net mvc programmer and if I want to start a project I do this: I make a class library named Model for my models. I make a class library named Infrastructure.Repository for database processes I make a class library named Application for business logic layer And finally I make a MVC project for the UI. But now some things are confusing me. Am I using 3-tier programming? If yes so what is n-tier programming and which one is better? If no so what is 3-tier programming? Some where I see that the tiers namings are DAL and BIZ. Which one is correct according to the naming convention?

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• Material, Pass, Technique and shaders

  - by Papi75

  I'm trying to make a clean and advanced Material class for the rendering of my game, here is my architecture: class Material { void sendToShader() { program->sendUniform( nameInShader, valueInMaterialOrOther ); } private: Blend blendmode; ///< Alpha, Add, Multiply, … Color ambient; Color diffuse; Color specular; DrawingMode drawingMode; // Line Triangles, … Program* program; std::map<string, TexturePacket> textures; // List of textures with TexturePacket = { Texture*, vec2 offset, vec2 scale} }; How can I handle the link between the Shader and the Material? (sendToShader method) If the user want to send additionals informations to the shader (like time elapsed), how can I allow that? (User can't edit Material class) Thanks!

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• How are generics implemented?

  - by greenoldman

  This is the question from compiler internals perspective. I am interested in generics, not templates (C++), so I marked the question with C#. Not Java, because AFAIK the generics in both languages differ in implementations. When I look at languages w/o generics it is pretty straightforward, you can validate the class definition, add it to hierarchy and that's it. But what to do with generic class, and more importantly how handle references to it? How to make sure that static fields are singular per instantiations (i.e. each time generic parameters are resolved). Let's say I see a call: var x = new Foo<Bar>(); Do I add new Foo_Bar class to hierarchy? Update: So far I found only 2 relevant posts, however even they don't go into much details in sense "how to do it by yourself": http://www.jprl.com/Blog/archive/development/2007/Aug-31.html http://www.artima.com/intv/generics2.html

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• Transactional Interceptors in Java EE 7 - Request for feedback

  - by arungupta

  Linda described how EJB's container-managed transactions can be applied to the Java EE 7 platform as a whole using a solution based on CDI interceptors. This can then be used by other Java EE components as well, such as Managed Beans. The plan is to add an annotation and standardized values in the javax.transaction package. For example: @Inherited @InterceptorBinding @Target({TYPE, METHOD}) @Retention(RUNTIME) public @interface Transactional { TxType value() default TxType.REQUIRED } And then this can be specified on a class or a method of a class as: public class ShoppingCart { ... @Transactional public void checkOut() {...} ... } This interceptor will be defined as part of the update to Java Transactions API spec at jta-spec.java.net. The Java EE 7 Expert Group needs your help and looking for feedback on the exact semantics. The complete discussion can be read here. Please post your feedback to [email protected] and we'll also consider comments posted to this entry.

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• Approach for packing 2D shapes while minimizing total enclosing area

  - by Dennis

  Not sure on my tags for this question, but in short .... I need to solve a problem of packing industrial parts into crates while minimizing total containing area. These parts are motors, or pumps, or custom-made components, and they have quite unusual shapes. For some, it may be possible to assume that a part === rectangular cuboid, but some are not so simple, i.e. they assume a shape more of that of a hammer or letter T. With those, (assuming 2D shape), by alternating direction of top & bottom, one can pack more objects into the same space, than if all tops were in the same direction. Crude example below with letter "T"-shaped parts: ***** xxxxx ***** x ***** *** ooo * x vs * x vs * x vs * x o * x * xxxxx * x * x o xxxxx xxx Right now we are solving the problem by something like this: using CAD software, make actual models of how things fit in crate boxes make estimates of actual crate dimensions & write them into Excel file (1) is crazy amount of work and as the result we have just a limited amount of possible entries in (2), the Excel file. The good things is that programming this is relatively easy. Given a combination of products to go into crates, we do a lookup, and if entry exists in the Excel (or Database), we bring it out. If it doesn't, we say "sorry, no data!". I don't necessarily want to go full force on making up some crazy algorithm that given geometrical part description can align, rotate, and figure out best part packing into a crate, given its shape, but maybe I do.. Question Well, here is my question: assuming that I can represent my parts as 2D (to be determined how), and that some parts look like letter T, and some parts look like rectangles, which algorithm can I use to give me a good estimate on the dimensions of the encompassing area, while ensuring that the parts are packed in a minimal possible area, to minimize crating/shipping costs? Are there approximation algorithms? Seeing how this can get complex, is there an existing library I could use? My thought / Approach My naive approach would be to define a way to describe position of parts, and place the first part, compute total enclosing area & dimensions. Then place 2nd part in 0 degree orientation, repeat, place it at 180 degree orientation, repeat (for my case I don't think 90 degree rotations will be meaningful due to long lengths of parts). Proceed using brute force "tacking on" other parts to the enclosing area until all parts are processed. I may have to shift some parts a tad (see 3rd pictorial example above with letters T). This adds a layer of 2D complexity rather than 1D. I am not sure how to approach this. One idea I have is genetic algorithms, but I think those will take up too much processing power and time. I will need to look out for shape collisions, as well as adding extra padding space, since we are talking about real parts with irregularities rather than perfect imaginary blocks. I'm afraid this can get geometrically messy fairly fast, and I'd rather keep things simple, if I can. But what if the best (practical) solution is to pack things into different crate boxes rather than just one? This can get a bit more tricky. There is human element involved as well, i.e. like parts can go into same box and are thus a constraint to be considered. Some parts that are not the same are sometimes grouped together for shipping and can be considered as a common grouped item. Sometimes customers want things shipped their way, which adds human element to constraints. so there will have to be some customization.

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• How to camel-case where consecutive words have numbers?

  - by Rob I

  Just wondering if anybody has a good convention to follow in this corner-corner-corner case. I really use Java but figured the C# folks might have some good insight too. Say I am trying to name a class where two consecutive words in the class name are numeric (note that the same question could asked about identifier names). Can't get a great example, but think of something like "IEEE 802 16 bit value". Combining consecutive acronyms is doable if you accept classnames such as HttpUrlConnection. But it seriously makes me throw up a little to think of naming the class IEEE80216BitValue. If I had to pick, I'd say that's even worse than IEEE802_16BitValue which looks like a bad mistake. For small numbers, I'd consider IEEE802SixteenBitValue but that doesn't scale that well. Anyone out there have a convention? Seems like Microsoft's naming guidelines are the only ones that describe acronym naming in enough detail to get the job done, but nobody has addressed numbers in classnames.

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• Designing exceptions for conversion failures

  - by Mr.C64

  Suppose there are some methods to convert from "X" to "Y" and vice versa; the conversion may fail in some cases, and exceptions are used to signal conversion errors in those cases. Which would be the best option for defining exception classes in this context? A single XYConversionException class, with an attribute (e.g. an enum) specifying the direction of the conversion (e.g. ConversionFromXToY, ConversionFromYToX). A XYConversionException class, with two derived classes ConversionFromXToYException and ConversionFromYToXException. ConversionFromXToYException and ConversionFromYToXException classes without a common base class.

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• How should I write new code when the old codebase and the environment uses lots of globals in PHP

  - by Nicola Peluchetti

  I'm working in the Wordpress environment which itself heavily relies on globals and the codebase I'm maintaining introduces some more. I want this to change and so I'm trying to think how should I handle this. For the globals our code has introduced I think I will set them as dependencies in the constructor or in getter / setter so that I don't rely on them being globals and then refactor the old codebase little by little so that we have no globals. With Wordpress globals I was thinking to wrap all WP globals inside a Wrapper class and hide them in there. Like this class WpGlobals { public static function getDb() { global $wpdb; return $wpdb; } } Would this be of any help? The idea is that I centralize all globals in one class and do not scatter them through the code, so that if Wordpress kills one of them I need to modify code only in one place. What would you do?

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• GestureListener's fling method doesn't get called

  - by nosferat

  I'm using SimpleGestureDetector from the libgdx-users Wiki as my InputProcessor. I set it in the created() method: Gdx.input.setInputProcess(new SimpleDirectionGestureDetector(charController)); charController is my class which implements the DirectionListener interface defined in the SimpleDirectionGestureDetector class and it is responsible for moving the player character. However the character doesn't change direction when I'm performing a fling action in any direction. I've checked and the fling() method in the SimpleDirectionGesture class doesn't get called and I have no idea why, since everything seems good. What am I doing wrong?

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• Did You Know: I'm going back to Boston!

  - by Kalen Delaney

  After spending 5 months in Boston last summer and fall, I'm going back again, to teach my 5-day SQL Server Internals and Query Tuning class for Boston SQL Training. Last time I taught my course there, we had a completely full class with a waiting list. So I'm going to offer the course again! The class will be delivered April 11- 15 but early bird registration ends next Tuesday, February 1st. I'm very excited to go back, and thankful to Adam Machanic of Boston SQL Training for this opportunity. You...(read more)

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• Do employers hiring for software jobs care about the classes you took in a Computer Science Masters program?

  - by Bob Dole

  I'm torn between two classes right now for next semester (Software Design and Advanced Computer Graphics). I would enjoy Advanced Computer Graphics more, but I feel the software design class would help me when approaching anything I ever build for the rest of my career. I feel though I could just buy the book (I already have both books actually) of the Software Design class and go through it, if I wanted. But think it would be a bit tougher to pick up the Advanced Computer Graphics class on my own. So do employers look at the graduate classes you've taken to decide if you would be a good fit or not? I think, more importantly, what I'm wanting to know is if I wanted to work for a high-end software company like Apple or Google would a company like that be more impressed by someone that took software engineering classes or hardcore CS classes?

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• How to design console application with good seperation of UI from Logic

  - by JavaSa

  Is it considered an overkill for console application to be design like MVC , MVP or N tier architecture? If not which is more common and if you can link me to simple example of it. I want to implement a tic tac toe game in console application. I have a solution which hold two projects: TicTacToeBusinessLogic (Class library project) and TicTacToeConsoleApplication (Console application project) to represent the view logic. In the TicTacToeConsoleApplication I've Program.cs class which holds the main entry point (public static void Main). Now I face a problem. I want the game to handle its own game flow so I can: Create new GameManager class (from BL) but this causing the view to directly know the BL part. So I'm a little confused how to write it in an acceptable way. Should I use delegates? Please show me a simple example.

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• Why setter method when getter method enough in PHP OOP

  - by phphunger

  I am practicing OOP with PHP, and I am struck at setter and getter methods. I can directly access the class properties and methods with getter method then what's the use of setter method? See my example. <?php class MyClass{ public $classVar = "Its a class variable"; public function Getter(){ return $this -> classVar; } } $obj = new MyClass; echo $obj -> Getter(); ?>

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• Should concrete classes avoid calling other concrete classes, except for data objects?

  - by Kazark

  In Appendix A to The Art of Unit Testing, Roy Osherove, speaking about ways to write testable code from the start, says, An abstract class shouldn't call concrete classes, and concerete classes shouldn't call concrete classes either, unless they're data objects (objects holding data, with no behavior). (259) The first half of the sentence is simply Dependency Inversion from SOLID. The second half seems rather extreme to me. That means that every time I'm going to write a class that isn't a simple data structure, which is most classes, I should write an interface or abstract class first, right? Is it really worthwhile to go that far in defining abstract classes an interfaces? Can anyone explain why in more detail, or refute it in spite of its benefit for testability?

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• Depending on another open source library: copy/paste code or include

  - by user5794

  I'm working on a large class and started implementing new features that need graphics. I started writing the graphics functions myself, but I know that open source libraries exist that can provide me with this functionality without me having to write it myself. The problem is that I prefer the class to be self-sufficient and not dependent on any other library. If I don't write it myself, I would have to ask the user to make sure a graphics library is already installed (less user-friendly). If I write it myself, I do a lot more work than I have to. I could also copy/paste some of the relevant code into my own class, but not sure about the disadvantages of doing this (it's an open source library that matches my license, so I'm not concerned with legality, just programming-wise if there are disadvantages). So what should I do: copy paste code from the external library write the code myself so it's truly self-sufficient ask the user to download and install another library

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• is 'protected' ever reasonable outside of virtual methods and destructors?

  - by notallama

  so, suppose you have some fields and methods marked protected (non-virtual). presumably, you did this because you didn't mark them public because you don't want some nincompoop to accidentally call them in the wrong order or pass in invalid parameters, or you don't want people to rely on behaviour that you're going to change later. so, why is it okay for that nincompoop to use those fields and methods from a subclass? as far as i can tell, they can still screw up in the same ways, and the same compatibility issues still exist if you change the implementation. the cases for protected i can think of are: non-virtual destructors, so you can't break things by deleting the base class. virtual methods, so you can override 'private' methods called by the base class. constructors in c++. in java/c# marking the class as abstract will do basically the same. any other use cases?

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• Collision Systems Implementation

  - by hrr4

  Just curious what might be a good way to implement a decent collision system. As a class inherited by a base Entity class? Currently I'm stuck and could just use a couple better ideas than my own. Any help is appreciated! Edit: Sorry, it's 2D Collisioning but honestly, I'm not looking for specific collision methods. I'm looking more about the lines of implementation. Just curious of some of the common methods of how to implement collision systems such as: Should the entire collision system be it's own class? What, if anything, should be inheritable? These are some of my questions. Sorry for the confusion.

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• Can data classes contain methods for validation?

  - by Arturas M

  OK, say I have a data class for a user: public class User { private String firstName; private String lastName; private long personCode; private Date birthDate; private Gender gender; private String email; private String password; Now let's say I want to validate email, whether names are not empty, whether birth date is in normal range, etc. Can I put that validation method in this class together with data? Or should it be in UserManager which in my case handles the lists of these users?

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• Does this factory method pattern example violate open-close?

  - by William

  In Head-First Design Patterns, they use a pizza shop example to demonstrate the factory method pattern. public abstract class PizzaStore { public Pizza orderPizza(String type) { Pizza pizza; pizza = createPizza(type); pizza.prepare(); pizza.bake(); pizza.cut(); pizza.box(); return pizza; } abstract Pizza createPizza(String type) } public class NYPizzaStore extends PizzaStore { Pizza createPizza(String item) { if (item.equals("cheese") { return new NYStyleCheesePizza(); } else if (item.equals("veggie")) { return new NYStyleVeggiePizza(); } else if (item.equals("clam")) { return new NYStyleClamPizza(); } else if (item.equals("pepperoni")) { return new NYStylePepperioniPizza(); } else return null; } } I don't understand how this pattern is not violating open-close. What if we require a beef Pizza, then we must edit the if statement in the NYPizzaStore class.

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