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• idle proccesses and high memory bad? uwsgi/django

  - by JimJimThe3rd

  I have a VPS with 256MB of ram. I'm running nginx, uwsgi and postgresql on Ubuntu 12.04 for a soon to be Django site. About 200MB of ram are being used despite the website not being active, the uwsgi processes seem to just be idling. Is this bad? I once heard that having a bunch of free memory isn't necessarily a good metric because it is possible that the memory in use can easily be freed up. I mean, it is possible that the server is storing commonly used "stuff" in case it is accessed but is more than happy to dump it if the ram is needed. But I'm really not sure, hence me asking this question. If it is bad I could set some of the application loading options for uwsgi like "cheap" or "idle" mode. Screenshot of my htop

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• How To Use AutoFill on a Google Docs Spreadsheet [Quick Tips]

  - by The Geek

  Have you ever wanted to fill an entire row or column with a series of values? If you’re an Excel user, you can do the same thing in Google Docs. If you haven’t used either, here’s the quick way to do it. Just type in a couple of numbers in sequence… 1 2 3 works pretty well. You could also put them across a row instead of down a column. Then move your mouse over the dot in the corner until the pointer changes, then just drag it downward (or if you are filling a row instead, you can drag it to the right). Let go of the mouse, and your data will be automatically filled in. You could also make it skip by 1 instead, like 2 4 6 8, etc… It all works the same way. Sadly there’s no really advanced options like Excel has, but for most uses, this is good enough. Also, we’re aware this is a very simple tip for most of you, but we’re trying to help the beginners out as well! Similar Articles Productive Geek Tips Integrate Google Docs with Outlook the Easy WayHow To Export Documents from Google Docs to Your ComputerHow To Monitor Sites Without an RSS Feed Using FirefoxGeek Software: Use DeliCount to Get Site-wide del.icio.us Bookmark CountsMake Excel 2007 Read Spreadsheets To You TouchFreeze Alternative in AutoHotkey The Icy Undertow Desktop Windows Home Server – Backup to LAN The Clear & Clean Desktop Use This Bookmarklet to Easily Get Albums Use AutoHotkey to Assign a Hotkey to a Specific Window Latest Software Reviews Tinyhacker Random Tips DVDFab 6 Revo Uninstaller Pro Registry Mechanic 9 for Windows PC Tools Internet Security Suite 2010 Combine MP3 Files Easily QuicklyCode Provides Cheatsheets & Other Programming Stuff Download Free MP3s from Amazon Awe inspiring, inter-galactic theme (Win 7) Case Study – How to Optimize Popular Wordpress Sites Restore Hidden Updates in Windows 7 & Vista

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• Monitor network connectivity in WP7 apps

  - by Daniel Moth

  Most interesting Windows Phone apps rely on some network service for their functionality. So at some point in your app you may need to know programmatically if there is network connection available or not. For example, the Translator by Moth app relies on the Bing Translation service for translations. When a request for translation (text or voice) is made, the network call may fail. The failure reason is not evident from any of the return results, so I check the connection to see if it is present. Dependent on that, a different message is shown to the user. Before the translation phase is even reached, at the app start up time the Bing service is queried for its list of  languages; in that case I don't want to show the user a message and instead want to be notified when the network is available in order to send the query out again. So for those two requirements (which I imagine are common in other apps) I wrote a simple wrapper MyNetwork static class to the framework APIs: Call once MyNetwork.MonitorNetworkAvailability() method so it monitors the network change At any time check the MyNetwork.IsConnected property to check for network presence Subscribe to its MyNetwork.ConnectionEstablished event Optionally, during debugging use its MyNetwork.ChangeStatus method to simulate a change in network status As usual, there may be better ways to achieve this, but this class works perfectly for my scenarios. You can download the code here: MyNetworks.cs. Comments about this post welcome at the original blog.

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• Orthographic unit translation mismatch on grid (e.g. 64 pixels translates incorrectly)

  - by Justin Van Horne

  I am looking for some insight into a small problem with unit translations on a grid. Setup 512x448 window 64x64 grid gl_Position = projection * world * position; projection is defined by ortho(-w/2.0f, w/2.0f, -h/2.0f, h/2.0f); This is a textbook orthogonal projection function. world is defined by a fixed camera position at (0, 0) position is defined by the sprite's position. Problem In the screenshot below (1:1 scaling) the grid spacing is 64x64 and I am drawing the unit at (64, 64), however the unit draws roughly ~10px in the wrong position. I've tried uniform window dimensions to prevent any distortion on the pixel size, but now I am a bit lost in the proper way in providing a 1:1 pixel-to-world-unit projection. Anyhow, here are some quick images to aide in the problem. I decided to super-impose a bunch of the sprites at what the engine believes is 64x offsets. When this seemed off place, I went about and did the base case of 1 unit. Which seemed to line up as expected. The yellow shows a 1px difference in the movement. Vertices It would appear that the vertices going into the vertex shader are correct. For example, in reference to the first image the data looks like this in the VBO: x y x y ---------------------------- tl | 0.0 24.0 64.0 24.0 bl | 0.0 0.0 -> 64.0 0.0 tr | 16.0 0.0 80.0 0.0 br | 16.0 24.0 80.0 24.0 With that said, all I am left to believe is that I am munging up my actual projection. So, I am looking for any insight into maintaining the 1:1 pixel-to-world-unit projection.

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• How to give a Linux user permission to create backups, but not permission to delete them?

  - by ChocoDeveloper

  I want to set up automated backups that are kept safe from myself (in case a virus pwns me). The problem is the "create" and "delete" permissions are the same thing: write permission. So what can I do about it? Is it possible to decouple the create/delete permissions? Another option could be to let the user "root" make the backups. The problem is my home directory is encrypted, and I don't want to backup everything. Any ideas? For the backups I'm using Deja Dup, which is installed by default in Fedora and Ubuntu.

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• How common is prototyping as the first stage of development?

  - by EpsilonVector

  I've been taking some software design courses in the past few semesters, and while I see the benefit in a lot of the formalism, I still feel like it doesn't tell me anything about the program itself. You can't tell how the program is going to operate from the Use Case spec, even though it discusses what the program can do, and you can't tell anything about the user experience from the requirements document, even though it can include QA requirements. ...sequence diagrams are as good a description of how the software works as the call stack, in other words- very limited, highly partial view of the overall system, and a class diagram is great for describing how the system is built, but is utterly useless in helping you figure out what the software needs to be. Where in all this formalism is the bottom line- how the program looks, operates, and what experience it gives? Doesn't it make more sense to design off of that? Isn't it better to figure out how the program should work via a prototype and strive to implement it for real? I know that I'm probably suffering from being taught engineering by theoreticians, but I got to ask, do they do this in the industry? How do people figure out what the program actually is, not what it should conform to? Do people prototype a lot? ...or do they mostly use the formal tools like UML and I just didn't get the hang of using them yet?

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• Domain forwarding to a IE "trusted site" opens a blank page

  - by Michael Jasper

  My employer, a University, regularly hosts conferences and other events. While websites for these sites are hosted on our domain, they frequently request customized .com urls. We then forward these domains to the specific site. Recently, we discovered a problem, where a page will not load if the following conditions are met(using a current example): website is created on our CMS for a conference http://continue.weber.edu/nulc a domain is created http://www.nulc2012.com and forwarded to http://continue.weber.edu/nulc The user enters http://www.nulc2012.com into their address bar using IE7 or IE8 The user has *.weber.edu listed as a "trusted site" in IE security settings (the case for nearly all on-campus computers) When this happens, their browser will correctly transfer to the page http://continue.weber.edu/nulc/index.php, however the page is blank, returning only: <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN"> <HTML><HEAD> <META content="text/html; charset=windows-1252" http-equiv=Content-Type></HEAD> <BODY></BODY></HTML> Is there any know solution to this problem? Or am I missing something completely? Note: Tested websites do load correctly in Chrome, Firefox, and Safari

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• How to manage own bots at the server?

  - by Nikolay Kuznetsov

  There is a game server and people can play in game rooms of 2, 3 or 4. When a client connects to server he can send a request specifying a number of people or range he wants to play with. One of this value is valid: {2-4, 2-3, 3-4, 2, 3, 4} So the server maintains 3 separate queues for game room with 2, 3 and 4 people. So we can denote queues as #2, #3 and #4. It work the following way. If a client sends request, 3-4, then two separate request are added to queues #3 and #4. If queue #3 now have 3 requests from different people then game room with 3 players is created, and all other requests from those players are removed from all queues. Right now not many people are online simultaneously, so they apply for a game wait for some time and quit because game does not start in a reasonable time. That's a simple bot for beginning has been developed. So there is a need to patch server code to run a bot, if some one requests a game, but humans are not online. Input: request from human {2-4, 2-3, 3-4, 2, 3, 4} Output: number of bots to run and time to wait for each before connecting, depending on queues state. The problem is that I don't know how to manage bots properly at the server? Example: #3 has 1 request and #4 has 1 request Request from user is {3,4} then server can add one bot to play game with 3 people or two bots to play game of 4. Example: #3 has 1 request and #4 has 2 requests Request from user is {3,4} then in each case just one bot is needed so game with 4 players is more preferrable.

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• Restoring an Ubuntu Server using ZFS RAID-Z for data

  - by andybjackson

  Having become disillusioned with hacking Buffalo NAS devices, I've decided to roll my own Home server. After some research, I have settled on an HP Proliant Microserver with Ubuntu Server and ZFS (OS on 1 Ext4 disk, Data on 3 RAID-Z disks). As Joel Spolsky and Geoff Atwood say with regards to backup, I can't rest until I have done a restore in all of the failure scenarios that I am seeking to protect against. Q: How to configure Ubuntu Server to recognise a pre-existing RAID-Z array? Clearly if one of the data disks die - then that is a resilvering scenario, which is well documented. If two of the data disks die, then I am into regular backup/restore land. If the OS dies and I can restore, also an easy scenario. But if the OS dies and I can't restore, then I need to recreate an Ubuntu server. But how do I get this to recognise my RAID-Z array? Is the necessary configuration information stored within and across the RAID-Z array and simply need to be found (if so, how)? Or does it reside on the OS ext4 disk (in which case how do I recreate it)?

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• Creating svn repo programmatically from a webpage and sudo

  - by Adriano Varoli Piazza

  We want to automate the creation of the svn repos and trac environments for new projects. Basically, this would mean creating a web script that got some info (like env and repo name, etc) from the user and then executed sudo -u svn svnadmin create /var/svn/<projectname> trac-admin /var/trac/sites/<projectname> initenv [... All extra params...] For the second command, this is simple, as it already runs as the www-data user, so I wouldn't have to use sudo. But for the first command, I'd have to use sudo and add www-data to the sudoers file. I was wondering if this is a good idea, and how to do it in that case. Reading the manpage has left me with more doubts than certainties about this. This webserver would only be accessible from our internal network, by the way. The OS is Ubuntu Server 10.04.

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• Where is a good place to start to learn about custom caching in .Net

  - by John

  I'm looking to make some performance enhancements to our site, but I'm not sure exactly where to begin. We have some custom object caching, but I think that we can do better. Our Business We aggregate news stories on a news type of web site. We get approximately 500-1000 new stories per week. We have index pages that show various lists of the items and details pages that show the individual stories. Our Current Use case: Getting an Individual Story User makes a request The Data Access Layer(DAL) checks to see if the item is in cache and if item is fresh (15 minutes). If the item is not in cache or is not fresh, retrieve the item from SQL Server, save to cache and return to user. Problems with this approach The pull nature of caching means that users have to pay the waiting cost every time that the cache is refreshed. Once a story is published, it changes infrequently and I think that we should replace the pull model with something better. My initial thoughts My initial thought is that stories should ALL be stored locally in some type of dictionary. (Cache or is there another, better way?). If the story is not found, then make a trip to the database, update the local dictionary and send the item back. Since there may be occasional updates to stories, this should be an entirely process from the user. I watched a video by Brent Ozar, How StackOverflow Scales SQL Server, in which Brent states "the fastest database query is the one that you don't make". Where do I start? At this point, I don't know exactly what the solution is. Is it caching? Is there a better way of using local storage? Do I use a Dictionary, OrderedDictionary, List ? It seems daunting and I'm just looking for some good starting points to learn more about how to do this type of optimization.

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• Redhat cluster Vs Pacemaker Vs Gluster Vs Sheepdog

  - by chandank

  Changing the entire question as earlier one was very confusing. I have been exploring different clustering system to run Virtual machines on two different machines on LAN with high availability. Currently I am already using DRBD resource on two different machines on Primary/Secondary mode. In case the primary fails I manually promote the secondary to Primary and start the VM. I also explored Gluster and looks good, however, I would rather prefer clustering over Gluster (user space FS). So if anyone has idea which one would be better from ease of use prospective please I would be interested in. Moreover, sheepdog project appears good, however, could not find much documentations/Howtos. I am using Centos 6.

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• Comparing Dates in Oracle Business Rule Decision Tables

  - by James Taylor

  I have been working with decision tables for some time but have never had a scenario where I need to compare dates. The use case was to check if a persons membership had expired. I didn't think much of it till I started to develop it. The first trap I feel into was trying to create ranges and bucket sets. The other trap I fell into was not converting the date field to a complete date. This may seem obvious to most people but my Google searches came up with nothing so I thought I would create a quick post. I assume everyone knows how to create a decision table so I'm not going to go through those steps. The prerequisite for this post is to have a decision table with a payload that has a date field. This filed must have the date in the following format YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss. Create a new condition in your decision table Right-click on the condition to edit it and select the expression builder In the expression builder, select the Functions tab. Expand the CurrentDate file and select date, and click Insert Into Expression button. In the Expression Builder you need to create an expression that will return true or false, add the operation <= after the CurrentDate.date In my scenario my date field is memberExpire, Navigate to your date field and expand, select toGregorianCalendar(). Your expression will look something like this, click OK to get back to the decision table Now its just a matter of checking if the value is true or false. Simple when you know how :-)

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• Running a defect php file cause error 500

  - by John Brunner

  When I address a PHP file, I always get an error 500. I've looked up the logs of my Apache server, and this displays that some includes etc. in the PHP file address files which don't exist on the server. They don't exist because I'm just testing my PHP file. But could it be achieved that the server runs the php file in every case, even when something is wrong? Every 30 seconds an entry is made in the error_log file which says [Sat Jun 09 17:55:07 2012] [error] [client 10.224.55.160] File does not exist: /var/www/html/index.html ... but there IS an index.html?!

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• How To Backup Of MySQL Database Using PhpMyAdmin

  - by Jyoti

  It is very important to do backup of your MySql database, you will probably realize it when it is too late. A lot of web applications use MySql for storing the content. This can be blogs, and a lot of other things. When you have all your content as html files on your web server it is very easy to keep them safe from crashes, you just have a copy of them on your own PC and then upload them again after the web server is restored after the crash. All the content in the MySql database must also be backed up. If you have spent a lot of time making the content and it is only stored in the Mysql server, you will feel very bad if it gets lost for ever. Backing it up once every month or so makes sure you never loose too much of your work in case of a server crash, and it will make you sleep better at night. It is easy and fast, so there is no reason for not doing it. Step 1: Log into phpMyAdmin on your server. Step2: You can select the database that you would like to backup from the drop-down menu called Database. Step 3: A new page will be loaded in phpMyAdmin showing the selected database. In order to proceed with the backup click on the Export tab. Step 4: The options that you should select apart from the default ones are Save as file which will save the file locally to your computer in an .sql format and Add DROP TABLE which will add the drop table functionality if the table already exists in the database backup as shown below. Step 5: Click on the Go button to start the export/backup procedure for your database. A download window will pop up prompting for the exact place where you would like to save the file on your local computer. It is possible that the download starts automatically. This depends on your browser’s settings.

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• Cables for building a computer

  - by Faken

  I'm looking at building a computer and I have already done a whole bunch of research the topic and I think I know what I'm doing. My question is where do all the cables required for connecting everything come from? I'm pretty sure that the cables required come from their respective components (power connectors from the power supply, assorted cables from the motherboard, ect). However nowhere have I seen it explicitly stated that the cables come with the component I am buying. Just to confirm, if I buy all the components needed for a basic computer (CPU, motherboard, power supply, case, ram, video card, hard drive) from a website, say newegg, will I have all the screws, cables,connectors, and components to put together a working computer or will I need to buy some cables somewhere?

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• How to create or recover Windows Bootloader after deleting Ubuntu boot drive

  - by Kincaid

  I have a computer that dual-boots (or tri-boots) Windows 8 Release Preview, Windows 7, and Ubuntu 12.04. Grub boots between Windows 8 and Ubuntu; for which I use primarily. Recently, I decided to remove Ubuntu, as I hardly used it. I deleted the Ubuntu partition accidentally before replacing the Grub bootloader. Now, whenever I want to boot the machine, it gives me the "grub-rescue" prompt -- I am unable to boot into either Windows (8 nor 7), nor Ubuntu (except via USB, of course). I do not have any Windows 7/8 recovery media, so that isn't an option. Please note that after I deleted the Ubuntu partition, I put the PC into hibernate, and then turned it on. This means the C:\ [Windows 8] drive cannot be mounted. I don't know if that is bad, but it definitely doesn't make things better. I am currently booting Ubuntu via USB, in an effort to restore the Windows bootloader. I have looked into using boot-repair to solve the problem using the instructions here, although after attempting to apply the changes, it gave the error: "Please install the [mbr] packages. Then try again." I don't know why I'm getting this error; is there a way to install the 'mbr packages?' I honestly don't know what exactly they are, nor how to install them. Are there any other options I have not yet exhausted to be able to boot back into Windows, in the case that there is a better way? I want to set the bootloader to boot into Windows 8, but booting into either Windows 7 or 8 is fine (I can use EasyBCD from there). Is there a simple solution to this? I've checked BIOS, and I haven't been able to find a way to boot into Windows.

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• "Sent on behalf" not appearing when delegates sending mails

  - by New Steve

  Ringo is a delegate of Paul's mailbox in Exchange, but when Ringo sends mail from Paul's mailbox, the recipient sees "Paul" in the sender field, rather than "Paul Sent On Behalf Of Ringo" Paul has set "Editor" permissions for Ringo to his mailbox, and Ringo has been granted "Send on behalf of" permissions in Exchange. Ringo did at one time have "Send As" permissions for Paul's mailbox in Exchange, but this has since been removed. This is also the case for all other delegates to Paul's mailbox. How do I make it so that emails sent by Paul's delegates show the "Sent On Behalf Of" information in the Sender field? Using Exchange Server 2007 and Microsoft Office Outlook 2007

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• HP Server bios boot delay

  - by jjrab

  I'm just going to throw this out there in case anyone else has run accross this... I have an HP DL320 G5p that had the motherboard replaced due to a faulty NIC port. After several calls to HP, two motherboard replacements, PCI riser card replacements, Processor replacement, and power supply replacement, the server takes approx. 10 minutes before it boots into the BIOS. It then boots up with no issues. We've run the HP smart start cd and performed the system tests and everything passed. All firmware has also been upgraded to the latest as well. Has anyone else seen this and found a fix? I am still working with HP, but there seems to be a struggle on their part to figure this out, so I'm curious to know if anyone else has experienced this and found a fix - thanks...

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• Difference between multiple NS and NS having multiple A

  - by Jake

  I found this Can an NS Record Point To Multiple A Records?, but wonders what is the difference, if any. For example: mydomain.com. IN NS ns1.myhost.com. mydomain.com. IN NS ns2.myhost.com. ns1.myhost.com. IN A 111.222.333.1 ns2.myhost.com. IN A 111.222.333.2 versus mydomain.com. IN NS ns.myhost.com. ns.myhost.com. IN A 111.222.333.1 ns.myhost.com. IN A 111.222.333.2 EDIT: actually, come to think of it, it could be said the same for MX records. Any breaking differences? EDIT 2: then again, MX allow use of priority values so its a different case, in that one-ip-per-domain is more useful sometimes.

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• Fault tolerance with a pair of tightly coupled services

  - by cogitor

  I have two tightly coupled services that can run on completely different nodes (e.g. ServiceA and ServiceB). If I start up another replicated copy of both these services for backup purposes (ServiceA-2 and ServiceB-2), what would be the best way of setting up a fault tolerant distributed system such that on a fault in any of the tightly coupled services ServiceA or ServiceB the whole communication should go through backup ServiceA-2 and ServiceB-2? Overall, all the communication should go either through both services or their backup replicas. |---- Service A | | Service B | | (backup branch - used only on fault in Service A or B) ---- Service A-2 | Service B-2 Note that in case that Service A goes down, data from Service B would be incorrect (and vice versa). Load balancing between the primary and backup branch is also not feasible.

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• Should I ditch a creative pet project in lieu of one that would demonstrate skills more applicable to an employer?

  - by Hart Simha

  I am currently working on a project on github that I think would be a good demonstration of my initiative, creativity and enthusiasm. It is an educational game I am developing in pygame that enables the user to learn to improve their development productivity by using vim, specifically with python, though learning to code faster with vim should be transferable to any language. I think this is something that might have a mass appeal and benefit to a lot of people in a measurable way. -However- I am graduating from college in a month (my degree is computer science with a minor in english), with no experience that is relevant to helping me get any kind of job in the field, and a gpa that doesn't tout my merits. I could pursue a career in game development, but it's not necessarily what I'm most interested in, and see myself applying to startups around the country. To the places I am looking at applying, showing that I have experience with pygame is going to be largely irrelevant, except in demonstration of my ability to code, period. A lot of skills that ARE more marketable, such a data modeling, GIS, mobile development, javascript, .net framework, and various web development technologies, are not going to be showcased by this project (on the upside, employers do like to see familiarity with git and python). I'm wondering if I should sink all my free time in the next couple of months into this project, since I'm motivated and interested in it, and if the value of being able to demonstrate ambition and 'good ideas' (for lack of a better term, and in my own opinion) will compensate for the absence of demonstrating more sought-after skills. I am probably at a point where I should either commit fully to this project now, or put it on the backburner in favor of something else, and I am leaning towards continuing with what I am already working on, because I think it's a great idea, and something achievable to me with enough dedication over the next couple months. But the most important thing to me is being able to get a job out of college, which I am exceedingly concerned about as the professional landscape which I am navigating for the first time is a lot more intimidating than I could have anticipated, with almost every job (even short-term contract positions) requiring years of experience which I lack. Oh, and in case anyone is interested, my repository is here: www.github.com/hmsimha/vimagine

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• Login Fail - Google Music Manager

  - by TX-NY-CA

  This is on a Surface Pro. I have not installed a virtual machine. Here is Google's feedback on the error message I receive when attempting login: "Login failed. Could not identify your computer" error message If you're receiving a 'Login failed. Could not identify your computer.' error, we couldn’t identify your machine. Please note that at this time, virtual machines aren't supported by Google Play. If you're certain that you don't have a virtual machine, some users have reported that they were able to workaround the issue by disabling their network bridge." My ifconfig feedback, in case that's helpful: lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:80 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:80 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:6640 (6.6 KB) TX bytes:6640 (6.6 KB) mlan0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 60:45:bd:f9:04:c0 inet addr:10.129.116.166 Bcast:10.129.116.255 Mask:255.255.255.128 inet6 addr: fe80::6245:bdff:fef9:4c0/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:96714 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:73079 errors:13 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:117500998 (117.5 MB) TX bytes:9008106 (9.0 MB)

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• Interpreting Others' Source Code

  - by Maxpm

  Note: I am aware of this question. This question is a bit more specific and in-depth, however, focusing on reading the actual code rather than debugging it or asking the author. As a student in an introductory-level computer science class, my friends occasionally ask me to help them with their assignments. Programming is something I'm very proud of, so I'm always happy to oblige. However, I usually have difficulty interpreting their source code. Sometimes this is due to a strange or inconsistent style, sometimes it's due to strange design requirements specified in the assignment, and sometimes it's just due to my stupidity. In any case, I end up looking like an idiot staring at the screen for several minutes saying "Uh..." I usually check for the common errors first - missing semicolons or parentheses, using commas instead of extractor operators, etc. The trouble comes when that fails. I often can't step through with a debugger because it's a syntax error, and I often can't ask the author because he/she him/herself doesn't understand the design decisions. How do you typically read the source code of others? Do you read through the code from top-down, or do you follow each function as it's called? How do you know when to say "It's time to refactor?"

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• XNA calculate normals for linesegment

  - by Gerhman

  I am quite new to 3D graphical programming and thus far only understand that normal somehow define the direction in which a vertex faces and therefore the direction in which light is reflected. I have now idea how they are calculated though, only that they are defined by a Vector3. For a visualizer that I am creating I am importing a bunch of coordinate which represent layer upon layer of line segments. At the moment I am only using a vertex buffer and adding the start and end point of each line and then rendering a linelist. The thing is now that I need to calculate the normal for the vertices of these line segments so that I can get some realistic lighting. I have no idea how to calculate these normal but I know they all face sideways and not up or down. To calculate them all I have are the start and end positions of each line segment. The below image is a representation of what I think I need to do in the case of an example layer: The red arrows represent the normal that should be calculates, the blue text represent the coordinates of the vertices and the green numbers represent their indices. I would greatly appreciate it if someone could please explain to me how I should calculate these normal.

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