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• EC2 Configuration

  - by user123683

  I am trying to create a server structure for my EC2 account. The design I have chosen consists of 2 instances running in different availability zones, elastic load balancer, an auto-scaling group with cloudwatch monitoring configured and a security group defining rules for access to the instances. This setup is to support an online web application written in PHP. I am trying to decide what is a better policy: Store MySQL DB on a separate Instance Store MySQL DB on an attached EBS volume (from what i know auto-scaling will not replicate the attached EBS volume but will generate new instances from a chosen AMI - is this view correct?) Regards the AMI I plan to use a basic Amazon linux 64 bit AMI, and install bastille (maybe OSSEC) but I am looking to also use an encrypted file system. Are there any issues using an encrypted file system and communication between the DB and webapp i neeed to be aware of? Are there any comms issues using the encrypted filesystem on the instance housing the webapp I was going to launch a second instance or attach a second volume in the second availability zone to act as a standby for the database - I'm just looking for some suggestions about how to get the two DB's to talk - will this be a big task Regards updates for security is it best to create a recent snapshot and just relaunch and allow Amazon to install updates on launch or is the yum update mechanism a suitable alternative - is it better practice to relaunch instead of updates being installed which force a restart. I plan to create two AMI snapshots one for the app server and one for the DB each with the same security measures in place - is this a reasonable - I just figure it is a better policy than having additional applications that are unnecessary included in a AMI that I intend on using. My plan for backup is to create periodic snapshots of the webapp and DB instances (if I use an additional EBS volume instead of separate instances my understanding is that the EBS volume will persist in S3 storage in the event of an unexpected termination and I can create snapshots of the volume backup purposes). Thanks in advance for suggestions and advice. I am new to EC2 and I may have described unnecessary overkill but I want to try implement what can be considered a best practice solution so all advice is appreciated.

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• Ways to go about optimizing website performance WordPress, Amazon EC2 Apache and RDS MySQL

  - by fuzzybee

  I have 6 WordPress websites running on 1 single EC2 instance. All the the websites are connecting to databases in 1 same RDS instance. Earlier today, traffic to the largest website peaked and the RDS instance went bottle-neck - CPU utilization was 100% for over an hour. It affected all of my websites as it took them all forever to load. In order to prevent such issue from happening again, which of the following will matter most so that I invest time and effort in first of all? (I will work on all later, I just need to prioritise now) To improve caching for all websites To fine-tune the database server To fine-tune my Apache server What will be the effect on user experience for my websites? Some quick searches show that I should limit number of concurrent connections to my web server but wouldn't that prevent users from accessing my websites? More background: My largest website has 140k visits and 660k page views a month. The other 5 websites should add up much less than that. I'm using a large EC2 instance as the web server I'm using a medium RDS instance as the database server What I've already done: Use W3 Total Cache plugin for caching for most the websites, especially the largest one (I can barely anything else in terms of caching I could do for the largest website) Am I using my resources wastefully or is there simply not enough resources for my websites - or rather, how do I answer that question myself?

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• On AWS EC2, Unable to run sudo command after modifying permissions to /usr folder

  - by Kayote

  All, We have searched quite a bit and a few of 'Eliah Kagan's' posts are great about getting access back to sudo. However, our server is on AWS EC2 & I am a complete newbie to this. We are trying to setup Cronjobs for backing up our server data. What we did: Using Putty, we created a script file: usr/share/site-db-backup/backupToS3.php, however, Ubuntu was not saving the changes we made as it reported we did not have permission as user 'Ubuntu'. Error details are: "Upload of file backupToS3.php was successful but error occurred while setting the permission &/ or timestamp. If the problem persists, turn on 'ignore permission errors' option. Permission denied. Error code: 3 Request code 9" So, we ran the command "sudo chmod -R a+rwx /usr" for granting permission to the folder 'usr'. However, now whatever sudo command is run, we get the error: "/usr/lib/sudo/sudoers.so must be only be writable by owner. fatal error, unable to load plugins." We are complete newbies to Ubuntu & EC2 so do need step by step guidance of how to get sudo back & successfully write to the Crontab script sitting in 'usr/' folder.

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• Monitoring Between EC2 Regions

  - by ABrown

  I'm working on a small EC2 project that involves a handful of servers in two different regions (US East and EU West). My first task is to implement a Nagios monitoring solution. Monitoring within a region is simple - I just use the private domain names/IPs, but I'm a little unsure of the best way to handle monitoring the second region without setting up a second Nagios install. The environment is fairly static, so I'm not going to be scripting the configuration with the EC2 tools just yet. As I see it, I have two options. Two Nagios installations (which is over-kill for the small number of servers I'm dealing with). Pros: I don't have to alter the group permissions nor do I have to pay for the traffic, redundancy in the monitoring solution - I could monitor the Nagios servers. Cons: two installations to deal with and I'd need to run another server instance. Have the single installation monitor both regions. Pros: one installation to deal with. Cons: slightly reduced security - security group will have to have NRPE (5666) opened for one source IP and also paying for a small amount of bandwidth at the Internet rate for data transfer between the regions. I guess my question is - how have others handled this problem and what are your recommendations? Thanks!

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• Has anyone got Hamachi 2 working on EC2 Windows instances?

  - by Khash

  I have it running and can see the EC2 instance with a direct tunnel. However, I can't ping the EC2 instance nor can I browse the shared folders. I am sure of the following: - File sharing service is running - Folders are shared I have tried the following: - Turning Windows firewall off - Allowing all TCP and UDP ports and ICMP through Amazon EC2 group policy firewall The instance is a Windows 2008 DataCentre 32-bit.

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• Prevent Amazon EC2 Time zone from reverting back on yum update

  - by D.Tate

  I use an Amazon EC2 server instance that runs a distro called Amazon Linux AMI. (I've read that it is based on CentOS/Red Hat). My specific version is the 2012.09 release. Anyway, I was able to change the time zone about a week ago from the default UTC to America/New_York (which is EST/EDT). The command I used to change it was: ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/America/New_York /etc/localtime ...thanks to this other Server Fault question. At that point, I was able to run date from the the command line, and it correctly displayed the EDT time. And even after EDT "fell back" to EST this past Sunday, I was pleased to find that running date still produced the correct local time. So that was great. However, after running a yum update yesterday, it seems that my time zone got reverted back to plain 'ol UTC. I even checked the last modified time of /etc/localtime file, and indeed it confirmed that it had been modified around the same time I had updated. Is there any way to prevent this from happening again, or will I be stuck resetting the time zone every time I do a yum update?

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• EC2 kernel decision and issues with creating a new machine with my AMI

  - by roacha

  I could really use some advice. I started a new instance on EC2 using Amazon's AMI and during the deployment process I selected a Kernel ID of "Use Default". I then configured my server the way that I wanted to and took a snapshot of it. I then created my own AMI to create new servers with. When I try and create a new server with this AMI the server fails to start and I get the error: EXT3-fs: sda1: couldn't mount because of unsupported optional features (240). Which appears to happen because I am selecting a kernel id of "Use default" again when building my second server. I have read that in order for this to work I need to choose the same kernel id that was used in my original server. I have deleted my original server and don't know what it was using. What is the best process to follow in order to not have these issues? Should I choose "Use Default" for my original server? How do you know which kernel it selected? Then should I just document this and always specify this during the deployment of my next servers using my custom AMI? OR should I choose a custom kernel id during the initial build and always use this one moving ahead hoping Amazon never retires it? Thanks for any advice!

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• Dealing with upgrade of libevent on Amazon AWS

  - by Dreen

  I am building an application (in Python) on Amazon EC2 that has a following dependency chain: gevent-websocket ---> gevent ---> libevent The last one (libevent) got upgraded on Sunday and my server is now generating this error: (...) File "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/gevent-0.13.7-py2.6-linux-x86_64.egg/gevent/__init__.py", line 41, in <module> from gevent import core ImportError: libevent-1.4.so.2: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory Not wanting to spend much time on the issue, I tried to mitigate it by creating a symlink to an always-recent version: $ sudo ln -s /usr/lib64/libevent.so /usr/lib64/libevent-1.4.so.2 But it didn't quite work: (...) File "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/gevent-0.13.7-py2.6-linux-x86_64.egg/gevent/__init__.py", line 41, in <module> from gevent import core ImportError: /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/gevent-0.13.7-py2.6-linux-x86_64.egg/gevent/core.so: undefined symbol: current_base I am a bit stumped as to how to proceed. Should I create more symlinks? To what? Or is there a better way to solve this problem... PS. For the record I am using Amazon AMI.

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• ec2 spot instance for daily processing task

  - by chaft

  I don't have much experience as a sysadmin or with amazon aws, so I hope someone can explain in simple terms or refer me to a good guide on how to achieve the below. I have a system running on ec2 and amazon rds getting data in and saving it to the db. I need to run a script once a day (at the end of the day) to process all that data and prepare a daily report. This process will take approximately an hour to run. It needs to run on a high memory instance.. From what i've read so far, I guess the best way to do it is to have a high memory spot instance run every day, set it up to execute the script on startup and and shut down when done. Is that the right way to do it? If so, how to do it? how to tell the spot instance to run every day? through a cron job on the other server or is there a better way? How to set it up to run the script on startup? through cloudinit? Any help would be appreciated. One last thing, the job is not very time sensitive as long as it runs every day.. thanks

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• Mounting an attached ebs volume in EC2

  - by David

  I've created an EC2 instance, created an EBS volume, attached it to the running instance, and successfully ssh'ed into my instance. The drive is attached as /dev/sdf Next, I tried mounting the drive by running: mkdir /testName mount -t ext3 /dev/sdf /testName But then I get the error message: mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sdf, missing codepage or helper program, or other error In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try dmesg | tail or so What am I doing wrong? Thanks.

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• Amazon EBS for web site files

  - by MattB

  I'm new to the Amazon EC2/EBS system. I'm trying to figure out the "best practice" for hosting a web application (php, ASP.NET, etc.). The way I see it, I have 2 options: Have the instance hold my web files - Don't need to worry about attaching volume's etc.? Have EBS volume hold my web files - Easily update with new code without needing to recreate the AMI for new updates? How do others handle this?

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• Uploading files to EC2 Windows instance

  - by nitramk

  I've created an instance of a Windows Server 2008 AMI at Amazon EC2. I now need to upload some installation files to it. One way to do this would be to activate the FTP server in Windows, set up an account and use that to upload files. Is there a better way to do this? Maybe some way to upload directly to an EBS?

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• Backing up Amazon EC2 machines with Bacula

  - by J. Pablo Fernández

  What's the best way to back up Amazon EC2 machines with Bacula? Currently it seems not possible to use S3, is that correct? Could it just be done with EBS?

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• amazon ec2 assign domain name

  - by user41999

  1.amazonaws doesnt provide dns service? 2.i can only assign static ip through ec2 so the only way to assign domain name is to use third party dns service? which do you all recommend? i need one that able to add SRV

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• Configuring EC2 Instance

  - by Philip Isaacs

  Forgive me if this seems like a dumb question, but I'm wondering how do I increase the processing power (cpu, memory) of an instance I already have running. Right now I have a web server running on a m1.small type instance and it's performing poorly at peak times, is it possible to increase the amount of memory on the instance somehow, or do I need to create a new EC2 install. What are my options. Please advise.

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• Amazon EC2 & S3 costs - can they be tied to specific instances

  - by monkeymagic

  Hi, I'd like to start using S3 and EC2 to host some of my company's simpler websites. I would like to be able to identify all of the costs associated with running each site (instance run-time costs + storage + data transfers) so that the costs can be allocated (cross-charged) to business units in my company. Is it possible to identify all the costs associated with each site in this way if all of the sites are running on separate instances ? thanks

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• Connecting Linux and Windows Amazon EC2 instances through SSH

  - by Allan Baquerizo

  Hej, I have reserved a Linux and a Windows instances in Amazon EC2. I would like to access between each other through SSH. I have installed cygwin (with openssh package) in the Windows instance but I would like to know how shoud I configure it for accessing to the Linux instance and also being accessed from it? Thanks in advance ;)

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• Is S3 cheaper than a EC2 DIY solution (for small files)

  - by Jann

  Is it really cheaper to host images and scripts via S3 than with an EC2 instance running nginx/varnish/etc. ? It seems to me (but i'm just getting started with AWS) that the request costs will be the major factor if you don't use sprites or other optimizations... or am i missing something ?

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• Amazon EC2 - how to determine how busy each CPU is

  - by sally

  I have an Amazon EC2 micro instance. I believe that this is 1 core (or 2 for periodic bursts) with 4 CPU's. I'm getting confused with the terminology (ECU vs CPU vs Core) but really I would like to see how busy each CPU is. When I look at top it seems to be showing me just the cores. I want to see if my process is be spread out across the available processors and how busy each is, what is the appropriate command to do this?

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• Amazon blocked port 80 and 443 on my instance

  - by Burak

  Amazon AWS sent me an email about warning that my instance have been behaving like Phising that is against AWS Customer Agreement. And they noticed that they blocked port 80 and 443 which are for HTTP and HTTPS respectively. Google Safe Browsing also reported that some code injection was made to one of my websites. After a cleaning, Google stopped blocking my website displaying in the search result. So, how can I unblock my ports?

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• Amazon ec2 reserve instance

  - by lydonchandra

  Hi, We received the education credit (valid for 1 year) from Amazon to use, and just wondering if we can buy reserved instance (3years) using that credit? Is there any way to reserve how much bandwidth we can use too ? Thanks

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• Amazon ec2 reserve instance

  - by lydonchandra

  Hi, We received the education credit (valid for 1 year) from Amazon to use, and just wondering if we can buy reserved instance (3years) using that credit? Is there any way to reserve how much bandwidth we can use too ? Thanks

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• 100% utilization on amazon server

  - by user2939830

  Good day, I would just like to know if you guys have any idea what could be the possible cause for a sudden disconnection of clients and 100% cpu utilization in our amazon server. This problem just started 2 days ago and in both occasion it happened at 7 plus in the morning gmt+8. What we usually do is just reset the socket for it to normalize and then on the next day same thing happened at 7 in the morning every client is disconnected from the server.

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• Can't attach EC2 instance to Network Interface

  - by Ian Warburton

  When trying to attach a network interface, it says... No instances were found for this availability zone. My instance is in us-east-1c and my network interface is in us-east-1b. Is that significant? If so, how do I create the VPC in the same zone and if not then why this error? EDIT: I've re-created the VPC and the Network Interface is now us-east-1c and the EC2 instance is also us-east-1c. Same error message though!

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• Sending mail via php in EC2

  - by william007

  I have used the following code for sending mail using php using amazon ec2, but I only see 'aatest' as the result, and doesn't get any incoming email. Btw, I have already included ses.php, and have validated the email [email protected], and double confirm that accesskey, and accesskey are the correct one. Can anyone suggest way for debugging it? require_once('ses.php'); $con=new SimpleEmailService('accesskey','accesskey'); print_r('aa'.$con->listVerifiedEmailAddresses()); $m = new SimpleEmailServiceMessage(); $m->addTo('[email protected]'); $m->setFrom('[email protected]'); $m->setSubject('Hello, world!'); $m->setMessageFromString('This is the message body.'); print_r($con->sendEmail($m)); echo 'test';

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