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• Amazon mount EBS

  - by William

  I'm trying to mount /vol to a EBS volume on an Amazon EC2 instance. I'm formatting the device to xfs, adding "/dev/sdh /vol xfs noatime 0 0" to my /etc/fstab file, making the /vol dir and mounting it and whenever I try to do anything with that volume (create a file in /vol, cd, ls, anything) or I try to run df the server just freezes. Anyone have any idea what this might be? It's driving me crazy. Edit: It seems to freeze after I mount, has nothing to do with doing any commands to the volume it's self.

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• EC2 out of space on root disk, moving it to ephemeral

  - by Joseph Misiti

  I am spawning a few test servers on ec2 that happen to be m1.larges. I am using these test servers for load balancin testing. Anyways, most of the servers I have used before have been backed by EBS, but these instances (ubuntu 11.04) obviously come with a lot of ephemeral space located @ /mnt. What I noticed that is happening is I am running on space on the root disk. I am trying out this tutorial http://www.turnkeylinux.org/docs/using-instance-storage moving my /home + /usr directories to /mnt and then remounting them. This works except it does not survive a reboot. Am I missing something here or is this tutorial not completely correct. How do I make space on my / drive so I can do stuff and survive re-boots.

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• Storage (EBS) attached to my EC2 instance reporting files on two devices at once

  - by Philip Isaacs

  I have on EC2 instance with two attached EBS drives. One drive /dev/sda1 is mounted on / The second /dev/sda2 is mounted on /var2 So here's what's strange. Whenever I add any files to /var2 the it is also reporting that the / device is also filling up. As if they are the same device. It's so strange. So if I were to save a 10 mb file to a directory on /var2. Both / and /var2 use 10 mb of space up. Is this bizarre?

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• Amazon EBS root volume persistence

  - by hipplar

  When I launch a new Windows EC2 instance I am given a 30 gig root EBS volume. I'm trying to make sure I understand the EBS terminology and want to make sure I understand this correctly: Q: What happens to my data when a system terminates? The data stored on a local instance store will persist only as long as that instance is alive. However, data that is stored on an Amazon EBS volume will persist independently of the life of the instance. What exactly does "instance is alive" mean? If I write files to the root volume and reboot the instance will the files remain? Or do I physically have to terminate (delete) the instance for the root volume to go away? Thanks

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• Receive emails on Amazon EC2 Server

  - by Kartik

  I just got started with an EC2 instance and got my mail sending limit removed, allowing me to send emails from my instance. But due to lack of experience, I have no clue on how to enable receiving emails send to me on that server. The instance has an elastic IP and I have a domain name with an A record pointing to that IP. I cant seem to find better documentation on what steps need to be taken so if someone sends an email to [email protected] it either actually receives it or simply forwards it to my personal email. I know that it involves using postfix but cant find a guide to properly configure it after the installation. Thanks

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• Spawn phone call from EC2 alerts

  - by Matt

  I have a system setup on AWS/EC2, it currently is using their CloudWatch alert system. The problem is this sends just to email, when ideally I would like this to be making a phone call and/or sending text messages to certain phone numbers when an alert fires (Note that I do not need the phone call to actually say anything, just call the person). We are trying to solve the problem that Amazon alerts are only useful if people are checking their email, which isnt always the case because all server problems love to happen at 4am on saturday... Please respond with any possible solutions/ideas, ideally I do not want to implement an entire monitoring system (IE: Nagios) on top of everything to handle this.

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• Can't star SSH on Ubuntu 12.10 AWS EC2

  - by Conor H

  So i've just started playing around with Ubuntu on Amazon EC2. I've just issued the following command to restart ssh but it has now "killed" ssh. sudo /etc/init.d/ssh restart I can't seem to ssh to this instance anymore. Putty just gives me "connection refused". NOTE: In this case I just restarted SSH to see the result. I didn't change any settings. This was to confirm that it was the restart command was the problem and not any configs I made. What is the correct way to restart SSH? P.S. That usually works on other Ubuntu boxes. Thanks. EDIT: It is also worth noting that when I ran that command I was taken straight back to a prompt. I didn't get any output on the console.

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• Public DNS Server fails on Windows Amazon EC2

  - by Adroidist

  I have started a new Windows server instance on Amazon EC2. The security group has the following rules: Ports Protocol Source 22 tcp 0.0.0.0/0 80 tcp 0.0.0.0/0 443 tcp 0.0.0.0/0 3389 tcp 0.0.0.0/0 53 udp 0.0.0.0/0 -1 icmp 0.0.0.0/0 I am able to ping the public DNS server of the machine and i can connect to it using Windows Remote Desktop connection. However, when i put in my web browser the public DNS server, it fails to connect. Morever, I used filezilla and putty (and in both I loaded the private key .pem) but i receive connection timed out. I disabled the firewall on both my pc and the instance (which I entered using Remote desktop connection). Can you please tell me what I am missing?

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• Address already in use - Amazon AWS

  - by Peter

  I've run into a really weird issue. I was debugging a server 500 error script on our EC2 instance and found that we didn't have ioncube loaders installed. So I went to go install them and I created a new file at /etc/php.d/zend.ini and initially I inserted the value of extension=/usr/local/ioncube/ioncube_loader_lin_5.3.so and restarted httpd at which point it told me: The ionCube Loader is a Zend-Engine extension and not a module Please specify the Loader using 'zend_extension' in php.ini PHP Fatal error: Unable to start ionCube Loader module in Unknown on line 0 So I changed the contents of zend.ini to zend_extension=/usr/...etc. Now when I attempt to restart httpd I get this error: Starting httpd: (98)Address already in use: make_sock: could not bind to address [::]:80 (98)Address already in use: make_sock: could not bind to address 0.0.0.0:80 no listening sockets available, shutting down Unable to open logs I can't even run /etc/init.d/httpd stop without it erroring. I've since removed zend.ini to see if that's what caused it and it doesn't seem to be. Any ideas?

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• One EC2 source with distributed varnish machines

  - by Elad Lachmi

  I have a web site hosted in an EC2 instance (2008 r2 + iis7.5 + sql server). I put one linux box running RHEL with varnish. After some configuration trail and error, I found a configuration that works. Now I want to duplicate the varnish boxes to other availability zones, but continue to pull the pages from the original windows box. It is my understanding that I can put the varnish boxes in different zones and pull from the windows box via it's external IP. But what do I need to do in order for each user to receive content from the box physically closest to them? Is this even possible? Thank you!

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• Amazon EC2 Elastic Load Balancing - strategy for zero downtime server restart

  - by Yoga

  I have 5 web servers (Apache/mod_perl) behind Amazon EC2 Elastic Load Balancing, when I deploy codes to the web servers, I am doing this.. For each machine, shutdown the Apache Update the code Start over the server and proceed to the next server I think when my server is shutdown, ELB will not distribute request to my server, but how about the request still serving? I think a better approach is Stop accepting new request from ELB Sleep for sometimes, shutdown web server only if all requests are responded Update the codes Start the server again But how to perform (1) and (2) from my local sever? Do I need to use AWS API? or other easy way to do it? Thanks.

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• Setting up Amazon Cloudwatch to get an alert when you server is down

  - by Saif Bechan

  I have an instance running on Amazon EC2 that I turned into a webserver. Now I have been looking at cloudwatch, but I do not know if it is the correct tool for the job. Basically I want to get informed when the server is down, for whatever reason. Maybe the server got hacked, or the server shut down for whatever reason, I want to get a notification on that. I have enabled clouwatch, and tried to set up a alert, but I only see things like network in-out or cpu usage, an d metrix. Now I do not know if these will do the trick.

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• get a list of running ec2 instances programmatically

  - by user113981

  Hi i have started with aws and found out that we can get a list of running servers with the aws php sdk. Is there any other way to get the list of all ec2 instances? after getting the list i want to sync the data from one main instances to all the instances. Something like a button click can also do the operation. Are rsync, incron the only options, or it can be done by aws php sdk also. Please provide some tutorial links.

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• AWS EC2: how to compute the cost

  - by EsseTi

  i'm new to AWS, i'm using the free right not and it's terrific. Now, in 1yr the free expires. i went to the website http://aws.amazon.com/ec2/pricing/ where the pricing is but i didn't really get how to compute it. The price are in $ per Hours but i don't think that this means, if i need to have my application running 24h/365d i've to multiplay it for 8760, or do i have? because they write about usage, but how do i compute this value? if i've a website where people in total spend smt like 10 minutes a month and 1 where people spend 750hour a months i pay the same? i can't believe that is the same price. PS:if i've a scheduled task, does it affect the usage?

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• OpenVPN access server on Amazon VPC vs free version

  - by imaginative

  Maybe I'm missing the point, but I'd like to setup simple VPN access with software VPN to access my private network on Amazon VPC. I thought OpenVPN would be a great solution for this, and I thought it might make sense to put this on the NAT instance that comes with VPC so I don't have to spend money on another instance. Is there any advantage to running the following: http://www.openvpn.net/index.php?option=com_content&id=493 vs sticking to the free solution of OpenVPN? What does one offer over the other? Any reason not to run this on the NAT instance itself?

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• Where is Amazon Linux AMI Test Page EC2?

  - by fuzzybee

  I have set up my websites as directories directly under /var/www/html/ and they are working just fine (the websites are mapped to virtual hosts). So, this is mainly out of curiosity for the moment. Furthermore, being able to customise this might bring some benefits in the future e.g. branding the elastic IPs my computer use temporarily. Notes I can always create a index.html page under /var/www/html/ and modify it but that's not my goal here. I can also map the elastic IP address to a directory /var/www/html/default/ and do my stuffs there but that is not also my goal here My goal is the find the Amazon Linux AMI test page I've tried running Linux command to find it but it takes too long obviously

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• How do I create DNS entries for EC2 instances created by Auto Scaling?

  - by Evan

  I'm looking into using auto scaling groups for a tier of webservers that would be fronted by an ELB. One of the things I'm having a hard time with is how to give each new instance the proper DNS name. For example, I'd like webservers to have names like frontend-web-XXX.prod.example.com so their names would appear correct in logs and just ease of organization. I have two other tiers I'd ultimately like to make autoscaled and I'd like them to have names like api-web-XXX.prod.example.com as well. I have some experience with cloudformation templates and have spun up individual instances with associated Route53 records but I don't see any indication of how this can be done within an autoscaled group.

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• Create Windows AMI with instance storage

  - by Jonathan Oliver

  I have a business use case and workflow where local/instance/ephemeral storage for an EC2 instance is ideal. Unfortunately I'm coupled to a Windows platform for this particular task and the EC2 Windows offering appears to have some deficiencies related to AMI creation. In essence, I'm trying to figure out if there's a way to attach local instance storage to a Windows EC2 instance using the typical command line interface (because the Amazon Website GUI doesn't support it) and then to somehow create an AMI based upon that. I've tried creating a snapshot and then creating a Windows AMI based upon the snapshot, but of course the docs say this is unsupported and makes an unbootable AMI. In short, here's what I'm trying to do: Be able to run a Windows instance (EBS/S3 instance doesn't matter) Attach local instance storage as drive D: Persist that configuration as an AMI such that I can start lots of them as necessary from either the GUI, command line, or REST API. Be able to take a launched instance, update software, shutdown, and create another AMI based upon that. Wash, rinse, repeat. One other potential option which isn't horrible, but isn't ideal is to create an AMI which has 2 EBS volumes already attached (system+apps and data). Essentially, every time I startup an instance based upon the AMI it'll create 2 new EBS volumes of pre-determined size. I'm trying to avoid that scenario if possible.

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• Create image (EBS AMI) takes forever - possibly caused MySQL Server to break?

  - by fuzzybee

  I'm trying to create an EBS AMI from my running EC2 instance to reuse my LAMP fully configured (for my needs). I got my website up and running yesterday on this EC2 instance my MySQL was working fine until this morning (it's not that difficult to install LAMP thanks to yum so I can't see how I could go wrong with this; having said that, it's always difficult for one to realise his own errors) I have seen "Loading, please wait ..." for a few hours now. How do I know whether this is completed or its progress? Shortly after I tried to create the AMI image from my EC2 instance, I encountered database connection error can't connect to local mysql server through socket '/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock' I was able to restart mysqld at first. But database connection was down again. This time, I could not restart mysqld anymore. It shows MySQL Daemon failed to start. Could my attempt to create the AMI by any chance cause the MySQL server to reboot or corrupt? I did a lot of searched and have done the following although I think I shouldn't have to do any workaround for MySQL server to work here chown -R mysql.mysql /var/lib/mysql/ I also found this workaround but I'm very reluctant to follow due to my belief and the fact I would need to understand this problem first. Any help would be greatly appreciated. Getting back to searching for a solution for the MySQL server problem ... Thanks, Eric

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• AWS: Multi-region setup using single RDS instance

  - by Ion

  I'm trying to scale our web application (PHP, MySQL, memcache) in a multi-region scheme. Currently we are using a setup with two EC2 instances behind an ELB and an RDS instance, all of them in US-EAST (Virginia) region. We would like to have a presence in the EU (Ireland) region as well. This means at least a new EC2 instance there (identical to the others, serving the same application). I have copied the desired AMI, setup the new instance, setup a same ELB configuration (required for SSL termination) and configured latency-based routing in Route53. And it works as suggested. But, clients from EU have speed problems. This is due to the fact that the EU EC2 instances connect to the US-based RDS instance. As far as I know Amazon has not yet enabled RDS multi-region replication. Do you have any suggestions on how to properly speed up the whole setup while using the single RDS instance? Also, any ideas in general on how to scale things up? Ideally we would like to continue using the RDS technology for various reasons. Nevertheless, I am open to suggestions (I guess the next idea would be to host our own MySQL servers).

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• Unable to connect to EC2 instance after "reboot"

  - by KPL

  I am not able to connect to my m1.small instance after rebooting it. I have already associated the public IP with this instance. Upon checking the system log, this seems to be the issue: cloud-init-nonethttp://11.84: waiting 10 seconds for network device cloud-init-nonethttp://21.85: waiting 120 seconds for network device cloud-init-nonethttp://141.85: gave up waiting for a network device. Cloud-init v. 0.7.3 running 'init' at Sun, 18 May 2014 07:02:55 +0000. Up 142.54 seconds. ci-info: +++++++++++++++++++++++Net device info++++++++++++++++++++++++ ci-info: +--------+-------+-----------+-----------+-------------------+ ci-info: | Device | Up | Address | Mask | Hw-Address | ci-info: +--------+-------+-----------+-----------+-------------------+ ci-info: | lo | True | 127.0.0.1 | 255.0.0.0 | . | ci-info: | eth0 | False | . | . | 02:43:xx:xx:xx:xx | ci-info: +--------+-------+-----------+-----------+-------------------+ ci-info: !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Route info failed!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! A bunch of these follow the above message: 2014-05-18 07:02:56,178 - url_helper.pyWARNING: Calling http://169.254.169.254/2009-04-04/meta-data/instance-id failed 0/120s: request error [HTTPConnectionPool(host='169.254.169.254', port=80): Max retries exceeded with url: /2009-04-04/meta-data/instance-id (Caused by : Errno 101] Network is unreachable) This is obviously related to the network interface not being working correctly. I have tried this so far: Relaunch a new instance from the custom AMI (created from EBS) of the failing instance. The same error shows up in the logs. Attach a new network interface to the EC2 instance. The error still persists. eth1 shows up in the list but the "up" column is False.

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• Drive Mapped On Amazon EC2 Instance Startup Disconnected After Logon

  - by jsn

  I am launching an Amazon EC2 instance (Windows Server 2012), and on startup (though User Data field), it runs this powershell script: <powershell> NET CONFIG SERVER /AUTODISCONNECT:-1 # clear all prior connections net use * /delete /y > C:\delLog.txt 2>&1 # mount new drive net use R: \\dbHost\share /user:username pass /persistent:yes > C:\useLog.txt 2>&1 ipconfig /all > C:\ipLog.txt </powershell> When it launches and I connect to it through RDP, it shows in explorer "Diconnected Network Drive (R:). If I double click it, error message displays "R:\ is not accesible. Access id denied". Normally, it would ask me for credentials to reconnect. I need for this drive to be connected through the duration of the instance. delLog.txt contents: You have these remote connections: T: \\dbHost\share Continuing will cancel the connections. The command completed successfully. useLog.txt contents: The command completed successfully. ipLog.txt contents as expected. The net use commands works fine by itself, it connects. Anyone have any idea what could be wrong? There is only one account on these machines - Administrator. It is a samba share to a Linux server on a private network.

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• Need a recommendation for shared storage on auto-scaling ec2 w/ scalr

  - by john h.

  I have come across so many answers to this question that I am completely lost! I am moving our 2 sites to a load balanced ec2 system with scalr as our cloud manager. Now the question is coming up about persistent storage for the user's uploaded content and other files. Could someone please give me a suggestion and possible a link to a tutorial for the following setup and goals. 2 websites (1 Forum, 1 ecommerce). 1 LB 1 App server (to scale out to as many as needed) 1 DB server (to scale out to as many as needed) Our sites will need to autoscale and according to what I am learning about scalr, that means as new instances load up, I need to run a script to set the basics up on that server (git,php mods, pull site from git, move keys, etc) What I don't understand is how should I handle user uploaded content like profile pictures, avatars, product images, themes, etc... Do I mount an EBS or s3fs folder to hold the websites (maybe /var/www/websitefolder) or do I do something like mount the avatar folders /var/www/websitefolder/images/avatars) I am not sure where to go with this. Could someone give me some detailed help? -John

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• Amazon EC2 Nat Instance - goes out but not back in

  - by nocode

  I've followed Amazon's steps and list what I've done. I've created 6 subnets (4 private SN1: 10.50.1.0/24, SN2: 10.50.2.0/24, SN3: 10.50.3.0/24, SN4: 10.50.4.0/24) and 2 public (SN5: 10.50.101.0/24 and SN6: 10.50.102.0/24) -I have a Bastion host and a NAT instance on SN5 and assigned EIP's to both. I created a test instance on SN1. edit: -NAT instance has source/destination check disabled -On the NAT instance, I had enabled the following commands to be bootstrapped: echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 10.0.0.0/16 -j MASQUERADE -In my VPC, the private subnets have their own route table and configured 0.0.0.0/0 to the NAT instance with 4 subnets being associated with the route table. I have a second route table for my public subnets and 0.0.0.0/16 is pointed towards the IGW (with the other 2 subnets associated with it). -For Security Groups, I have the NAT instance accepting all traffic on each of the 4 subnets and all OUTBOUND traffic is allowed. For my test server, I have allowed all outbound access and have allowed all traffic from the public subnet of the NAT host. I can ping internally with no issues. On my test instance, if I try to ping google.com, DNS resolves however I don't get a reply back. On my NAT instance, I run a tcpdump and can see the request being requested to google.com but it's not sending the reply back. My NAT host can ping and receive a reply from google. From the test host, when I ping the NAT instance, the tcpdump shows a request and receive. Is there something I'm missing? EDIT: I've figured it out - I had to save the iptable config and restart the service.

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• Simple Backup Strategy for Amazon EC2 instances / volumes?

  - by minerj

  You have entered Introductory Backups for Amazon EC2 EBS-backed Windows Images 010... I have been browsing my brains out to find a simple backup strategy for our single windows 2008 server running SharePoint Services. This is an EBS-backed image of one server with one data volume. I don’t need anything exotic. I only need a “daily” backup (losing a day’s worth of data is not catastrophic). We have created and saved an EBS backed AMI image (Windows 2008) we are comfortable using. We started off making backups by simply creating a new EBS AMI image. This is really simple, but the running server is put offline during the first 10 – 15 minutes of creating the image – not ideal. The standard way of creating backups would seem to be creating snapshots of volumes attached to a running instance. Again it’s pretty simple and the server remains usable during the snapshot generation. The apparent Catch-22 is that you can’t simply launch a new instance directly from a snapshot. I know how to bundle a running instance to S3 storage and then register the AMI from the S3 bucket. This does allow me to capture a backup of a running instance and, if the running instance is lost, register the AMI from the S3 bucket and launch the new AMI to recover the instance, but this seems really convoluted and it seems ridiculous to have to juggle back and forth between the AWS Console and the S3 Organizer plug-in for Firefox to get this accomplished. (Please don't mention the command line approach, this is an 010 level course). From playing around with EBS-backed images, the following approach appears to work for me (all done within the AWS Console): 1.For your backups, simply snapshot the system volume (/dev/sda1) as needed. 2.If you lose your running instance, do the following: a.Create a new volume from your last snapshot backup b.Launch another instance of your starting AMI (must be EBS-backed) c.Stop this instance. d.Detach the existing system volume from the new stopped instance and discard. e.Attach the newly created volume as system volume (/dev/sda1) to the stopped instance. f.Re-start the new instance. I have tested this out a couple of times and it seems to work for me. Question: Is there anything wrong with this approach?

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