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  • Linq to SQL NullReferenceException's: A random needle in a haystack!

    - by Shane
    I'm getting NullReferenceExeceptions at seemly random times in my application and can't track down what could be causing the error. I'll do my best to describe the scenario and setup. Any and all suggestions greatly appreciated! C# .net 3.5 Forms Application, but I use the WebFormRouting library built by Phil Haack (http://haacked.com/archive/2008/03/11/using-routing-with-webforms.aspx) to leverage the Routing libraries of .net (usually used in conjunction with MVC) - intead of using url rewriting for my urls. My database has 60 tables. All Normalized. It's just a massive application. (SQL server 2008) All queries are built with Linq to SQL in code (no SP's). Each time a new instance of my data context is created. I use only one data context with all relationships defined in 4 relationship diagrams in SQL Server. the data context gets created a lot. I let the closing of the data context be handled automatically. I've heard arguments both sides about whether you should leave to be closed automatically or do it yourself. In this case I do it myself. It doesnt seem to matter if I'm creating a lot of instances of the data context or just one. For example, I've got a vote-up button. with the following code, and it errors probably 1 in 10-20 times. protected void VoteUpLinkButton_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { DatabaseDataContext db = new DatabaseDataContext(); StoryVote storyVote = new StoryVote(); storyVote.StoryId = storyId; storyVote.UserId = Utility.GetUserId(Context); storyVote.IPAddress = Utility.GetUserIPAddress(); storyVote.CreatedDate = DateTime.Now; storyVote.IsDeleted = false; db.StoryVotes.InsertOnSubmit(storyVote); db.SubmitChanges(); // If this story is not yet published, check to see if we should publish it. Make sure that // it is already approved. if (story.PublishedDate == null && story.ApprovedDate != null) { Utility.MakeUpcommingNewsPopular(storyId); } // Refresh our page. Response.Redirect("/news/" + category.UniqueName + "/" + RouteData.Values["year"].ToString() + "/" + RouteData.Values["month"].ToString() + "/" + RouteData.Values["day"].ToString() + "/" + RouteData.Values["uniquename"].ToString()); } The last thing I tried was the "Auto Close" flag setting on SQL Server. This was set to true and I changed to false. Doesnt seem to have done the trick although has had a good overall effect. Here's a detailed that wasnt caught. I also get slighly different errors when caught by my try/catch's. System.Web.HttpUnhandledException: Exception of type 'System.Web.HttpUnhandledException' was thrown. --- System.NullReferenceException: Object reference not set to an instance of an object. at System.Web.Util.StringUtil.GetStringHashCode(String s) at System.Web.UI.ClientScriptManager.EnsureEventValidationFieldLoaded() at System.Web.UI.ClientScriptManager.ValidateEvent(String uniqueId, String argument) at System.Web.UI.WebControls.TextBox.LoadPostData(String postDataKey, NameValueCollection postCollection) at System.Web.UI.Page.ProcessPostData(NameValueCollection postData, Boolean fBeforeLoad) at System.Web.UI.Page.ProcessRequestMain(Boolean includeStagesBeforeAsyncPoint, Boolean includeStagesAfterAsyncPoint) --- End of inner exception stack trace --- at System.Web.UI.Page.HandleError(Exception e) at System.Web.UI.Page.ProcessRequestMain(Boolean includeStagesBeforeAsyncPoint, Boolean includeStagesAfterAsyncPoint) at System.Web.UI.Page.ProcessRequest(Boolean includeStagesBeforeAsyncPoint, Boolean includeStagesAfterAsyncPoint) at System.Web.UI.Page.ProcessRequest() at System.Web.UI.Page.ProcessRequest(HttpContext context) at ASP.forms_news_detail_aspx.ProcessRequest(HttpContext context) at System.Web.HttpApplication.CallHandlerExecutionStep.System.Web.HttpApplication.IExecutionStep.Execute() at System.Web.HttpApplication.ExecuteStep(IExecutionStep step, Boolean& completedSynchronously) HELP!!!

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  • Freezes (not crashes) with GCD, blocks and Core Data

    - by Lukasz
    I have recently rewritten my Core Data driven database controller to use Grand Central Dispatch to manage fetching and importing in the background. Controller can operate on 2 NSManagedContext's: NSManagedObjectContext *mainMoc instance variable for main thread. this contexts is used only by quick access for UI by main thread or by dipatch_get_main_queue() global queue. NSManagedObjectContext *bgMoc for background tasks (importing and fetching data for NSFetchedresultsController for tables). This background tasks are fired ONLY by user defined queue: dispatch_queue_t bgQueue (instance variable in database controller object). Fetching data for tables is done in background to not block user UI when bigger or more complicated predicates are performed. Example fetching code for NSFetchedResultsController in my table view controllers: -(void)fetchData{ dispatch_async([CDdb db].bgQueue, ^{ NSError *error = nil; [[self.fetchedResultsController fetchRequest] setPredicate:self.predicate]; if (self.fetchedResultsController && ![self.fetchedResultsController performFetch:&error]) { NSSLog(@"Unresolved error in fetchData %@", error); } if (!initial_fetch_attampted)initial_fetch_attampted = YES; fetching = NO; dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{ [self.table reloadData]; [self.table scrollRectToVisible:CGRectMake(0, 0, 100, 20) animated:YES]; }); }); } // end of fetchData function bgMoc merges with mainMoc on save using NSManagedObjectContextDidSaveNotification: - (void)bgMocDidSave:(NSNotification *)saveNotification { // CDdb - bgMoc didsave - merging changes with main mainMoc dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{ [self.mainMoc mergeChangesFromContextDidSaveNotification:saveNotification]; // Extra notification for some other, potentially interested clients [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] postNotificationName:DATABASE_SAVED_WITH_CHANGES object:saveNotification]; }); } - (void)mainMocDidSave:(NSNotification *)saveNotification { // CDdb - main mainMoc didSave - merging changes with bgMoc dispatch_async(self.bgQueue, ^{ [self.bgMoc mergeChangesFromContextDidSaveNotification:saveNotification]; }); } NSfetchedResultsController delegate has only one method implemented (for simplicity): - (void)controllerDidChangeContent:(NSFetchedResultsController *)controller { dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{ [self fetchData]; }); } This way I am trying to follow Apple recommendation for Core Data: 1 NSManagedObjectContext per thread. I know this pattern is not completely clean for at last 2 reasons: bgQueue not necessarily fires the same thread after suspension but since it is serial, it should not matter much (there is never 2 threads trying access bgMoc NSManagedObjectContext dedicated to it). Sometimes table view data source methods will ask NSFetchedResultsController for info from bgMoc (since fetch is done on bgQueue) like sections count, fetched objects in section count, etc.... Event with this flaws this approach works pretty well of the 95% of application running time until ... AND HERE GOES MY QUESTION: Sometimes, very randomly application freezes but not crashes. It does not response on any touch and the only way to get it back to live is to restart it completely (switching back to and from background does not help). No exception is thrown and nothing is printed to the console (I have Breakpoints set for all exception in Xcode). I have tried to debug it using Instruments (time profiles especially) to see if there is something hard going on on main thread but nothing is showing up. I am aware that GCD and Core Data are the main suspects here, but I have no idea how to track / debug this. Let me point out, that this also happens when I dispatch all the tasks to the queues asynchronously only (using dispatch_async everywhere). This makes me think it is not just standard deadlock. Is there any possibility or hints of how could I get more info what is going on? Some extra debug flags, Instruments magical tricks or build setting etc... Any suggestions on what could be the cause are very much appreciated as well as (or) pointers to how to implement background fetching for NSFetchedResultsController and background importing in better way.

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  • Windows authentication - MVC 2 ASP.Net

    - by bergin
    Hi there Having real problems moving my app over to windows authentication. the sql error messages are to do with problems creating in the aspnetdb.mdf file. I'm wondering whether the connection string is at fault or other elements of the web.config I have windows authentication set in IIS. web.config: <?xml version="1.0"?> <!-- For more information on how to configure your ASP.NET application, please visit http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=152368 --> <configuration> <connectionStrings> <add name="ApplicationServices" connectionString="data source=.\SQLEXPRESS;Integrated Security=SSPI;AttachDBFilename=|DataDirectory|ASPNETDB.MDF;User Instance=true" providerName="System.Data.SqlClient" /> <add name="orderbaseConnectionString" connectionString="Data Source=.\SQLEXPRESS;AttachDbFilename=|DataDirectory|\orderbase.mdf;Integrated Security=True;User Instance=True" providerName="System.Data.SqlClient" /> </connectionStrings> <system.web> <compilation debug="true" targetFramework="4.0"> <assemblies> <add assembly="System.Web.Abstractions, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35" /> <add assembly="System.Web.Routing, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35" /> <add assembly="System.Web.Mvc, Version=2.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35" /> </assemblies> </compilation> <authentication mode="windows"> </authentication> <membership> <providers> <clear/> <add name="AspNetSqlMembershipProvider" type="System.Web.Security.SqlMembershipProvider" connectionStringName="ApplicationServices" enablePasswordRetrieval="false" enablePasswordReset="true" requiresQuestionAndAnswer="false" requiresUniqueEmail="false" maxInvalidPasswordAttempts="5" minRequiredPasswordLength="6" minRequiredNonalphanumericCharacters="0" passwordAttemptWindow="10" applicationName="/" /> </providers> </membership> <profile> <providers> <clear/> <add name="AspNetSqlProfileProvider" type="System.Web.Profile.SqlProfileProvider" connectionStringName="ApplicationServices" applicationName="/" /> </providers> </profile> <roleManager enabled="true"> <providers> <clear /> <add connectionStringName="ApplicationServices" applicationName="/" name="AspNetSqlRoleProvider" type="System.Web.Security.SqlRoleProvider" /> <add applicationName="/" name="AspNetWindowsTokenRoleProvider" type="System.Web.Security.WindowsTokenRoleProvider" /> </providers> </roleManager> <pages> <namespaces> <add namespace="System.Web.Mvc" /> <add namespace="System.Web.Mvc.Ajax" /> <add namespace="System.Web.Mvc.Html" /> <add namespace="System.Web.Routing" /> </namespaces> </pages> </system.web> <system.webServer> <validation validateIntegratedModeConfiguration="false"/> <modules runAllManagedModulesForAllRequests="true"/> </system.webServer> <runtime> <assemblyBinding xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1"> <dependentAssembly> <assemblyIdentity name="System.Web.Mvc" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" /> <bindingRedirect oldVersion="1.0.0.0" newVersion="2.0.0.0" /> </dependentAssembly> </assemblyBinding> </runtime> </configuration>

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  • Quartz + Spring double execution on startup

    - by Osy
    I have Quartz 2.2.1 and Spring 3.2.2. app on Eclipse Juno This is my bean configuration: <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd"> <!-- Spring Quartz --> <bean id="checkAndRouteDocumentsTask" class="net.tce.task.support.CheckAndRouteDocumentsTask" /> <bean name="checkAndRouteDocumentsJob" class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.JobDetailFactoryBean"> <property name="jobClass" value="net.tce.task.support.CheckAndRouteDocumentsJob" /> <property name="jobDataAsMap"> <map> <entry key="checkAndRouteDocumentsTask" value-ref="checkAndRouteDocumentsTask" /> </map> </property> <property name="durability" value="true" /> </bean> <!-- Simple Trigger, run every 30 seconds --> <bean id="checkAndRouteDocumentsTaskTrigger" class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.SimpleTriggerFactoryBean"> <property name="jobDetail" ref="checkAndRouteDocumentsJob" /> <property name="repeatInterval" value="30000" /> <property name="startDelay" value="15000" /> </bean> <bean class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.SchedulerFactoryBean"> <property name="jobDetails"> <list> <ref bean="checkAndRouteDocumentsJob" /> </list> </property> <property name="triggers"> <list> <ref bean="checkAndRouteDocumentsTaskTrigger" /> </list> </property> </bean> My mvc spring servlet config: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd"> <bean id="propertyConfigurer" class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer"> </bean> <mvc:annotation-driven /> <context:annotation-config /> <context:component-scan base-package="net.tce" /> <import resource="spring-quartz.xml"/> </beans> My problem is that always when startup my application, Quartz creates two jobs at the same time. My job must be execute every 30 seconds: INFO: Starting TASK on Mon Nov 04 15:36:46 CST 2013... INFO: Starting TASK on Mon Nov 04 15:36:46 CST 2013... INFO: Starting TASK on Mon Nov 04 15:37:16 CST 2013... INFO: Starting TASK on Mon Nov 04 15:37:16 CST 2013... INFO: Starting TASK on Mon Nov 04 15:37:46 CST 2013... INFO: Starting TASK on Mon Nov 04 15:37:46 CST 2013... Thanks for your help.

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  • Ruby. Mongoid. Relations

    - by Scepion1d
    I've encountered some problems with MongoID. I have three models: require 'mongoid' class Configuration include Mongoid::Document belongs_to :user field :links, :type => Array field :root, :type => String field :objects, :type => Array field :categories, :type => Array has_many :entries end class TimeDim include Mongoid::Document field :day, :type => Integer field :month, :type => Integer field :year, :type => Integer field :day_of_week, :type => Integer field :minute, :type => Integer field :hour, :type => Integer has_many :entries end class Entry include Mongoid::Document belongs_to :configuration belongs_to :time_dim field :category, :type => String # any other dynamic fields end Creating documents for Configurations and TimeDims is successful. But when i've trying to execute following code: params = Hash.new params[:configuration] = config # an instance of Configuration from DB entry.each do |key, value| params[key.to_sym] = value # String end unless Entry.exists?(conditions: params) params[:time_dim] = self.generate_time_dim # an instance of TimeDim from DB params[:category] = self.detect_category(descr) # String Entry.new(params).save end ... i saw following output: /home/scepion1d/Workspace/RubyMine/dana-x/.bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/bson-1.6.1/lib/bson/bson_c.rb:24:in `serialize': Cannot serialize an object of class Configuration into BSON. (BSON::InvalidDocument) from /home/scepion1d/Workspace/RubyMine/dana-x/.bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/bson-1.6.1/lib/bson/bson_c.rb:24:in `serialize' from /home/scepion1d/Workspace/RubyMine/dana-x/.bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/mongo-1.6.1/lib/mongo/cursor.rb:604:in `construct_query_message' from /home/scepion1d/Workspace/RubyMine/dana-x/.bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/mongo-1.6.1/lib/mongo/cursor.rb:465:in `send_initial_query' from /home/scepion1d/Workspace/RubyMine/dana-x/.bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/mongo-1.6.1/lib/mongo/cursor.rb:458:in `refresh' from /home/scepion1d/Workspace/RubyMine/dana-x/.bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/mongo-1.6.1/lib/mongo/cursor.rb:128:in `next' from /home/scepion1d/Workspace/RubyMine/dana-x/.bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/mongo-1.6.1/lib/mongo/db.rb:509:in `command' from /home/scepion1d/Workspace/RubyMine/dana-x/.bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/mongo-1.6.1/lib/mongo/cursor.rb:191:in `count' from /home/scepion1d/Workspace/RubyMine/dana-x/.bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/mongoid-2.4.6/lib/mongoid/cursor.rb:42:in `block in count' from /home/scepion1d/Workspace/RubyMine/dana-x/.bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/mongoid-2.4.6/lib/mongoid/collections/retry.rb:29:in `retry_on_connection_failure' from /home/scepion1d/Workspace/RubyMine/dana-x/.bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/mongoid-2.4.6/lib/mongoid/cursor.rb:41:in `count' from /home/scepion1d/Workspace/RubyMine/dana-x/.bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/mongoid-2.4.6/lib/mongoid/contexts/mongo.rb:93:in `count' from /home/scepion1d/Workspace/RubyMine/dana-x/.bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/mongoid-2.4.6/lib/mongoid/criteria.rb:45:in `count' from /home/scepion1d/Workspace/RubyMine/dana-x/.bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/mongoid-2.4.6/lib/mongoid/finders.rb:60:in `exists?' from /home/scepion1d/Workspace/RubyMine/dana-x/crawler/crawler.rb:110:in `block (2 levels) in push_entries_to_db' from /home/scepion1d/Workspace/RubyMine/dana-x/crawler/crawler.rb:103:in `each' from /home/scepion1d/Workspace/RubyMine/dana-x/crawler/crawler.rb:103:in `block in push_entries_to_db' from /home/scepion1d/Workspace/RubyMine/dana-x/crawler/crawler.rb:102:in `each' from /home/scepion1d/Workspace/RubyMine/dana-x/crawler/crawler.rb:102:in `push_entries_to_db' from main_starter.rb:15:in `<main>' Can anyone tell what am I doing wrong?

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  • How to solve a deallocated connection in iPhone SDK 3.1.3? - Streams - CFSockets

    - by Christian
    Hi everyone, Debugging my implementation I found a memory leak issue. I know where is the issue, I tried to solve it but sadly without success. I will try to explain you, maybe someone of you can help with this. First I have two classes involved in the issue, the publish class (where publishing the service and socket configuration is done) and the connection (where the socket binding and the streams configuration is done). The main issue is in the connection via native socket. In the 'publish' class the "server" accepts a connection with a callback. The callback has the native-socket information. Then, a connection with native-socket information is created. Next, the socket binding and the streams configuration is done. When those actions are successful the instance of the connection is saved in a mutable array. Thus, the connection is established. static void AcceptCallback(CFSocketRef socket, CFSocketCallBackType type, CFDataRef address, const void *data, void *info) { Publish *rePoint = (Publish *)info; if ( type != kCFSocketAcceptCallBack) { return; } CFSocketNativeHandle nativeSocketHandle = *((CFSocketNativeHandle *)data); NSLog(@"The AcceptCallback was called, a connection request arrived to the server"); [rePoint handleNewNativeSocket:nativeSocketHandle]; } - (void)handleNewNativeSocket:(CFSocketNativeHandle)nativeSocketHandle{ Connection *connection = [[[Connection alloc] initWithNativeSocketHandle:nativeSocketHandle] autorelease]; // Create the connection if (connection == nil) { close(nativeSocketHandle); return; } NSLog(@"The connection from the server was created now try to connect"); if ( ! [connection connect]) { [connection close]; return; } [clients addObject:connection]; //save the connection trying to avoid the deallocation } The next step is receive the information from the client, thus a read-stream callback is triggered with the information of the established connection. But when the callback-handler tries to use this connection the error occurs, it says that such connection is deallocated. The issue here is that I don't know where/when the connection is deallocated and how to know it. I am using the debugger, but after some trials, I don't see more info. void myReadStreamCallBack (CFReadStreamRef stream, CFStreamEventType eventType, void *info) { NSAutoreleasePool *pool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init]; Connection *handlerEv = [[(Connection *)info retain] autorelease]; // The error -[Connection retain]: message sent to deallocated instance 0x1f5ef0 (Where 0x1f5ef0 is the reference to the established connection) [handlerEv readStreamHandleEvent:stream andEvent:eventType]; [pool drain]; } void myWriteStreamCallBack (CFWriteStreamRef stream, CFStreamEventType eventType, void *info){ NSAutoreleasePool *p = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init]; Connection *handlerEv = [[(Connection *)info retain] autorelease]; //Sometimes the error also happens here, I tried without the pool, but it doesn't help neither. [handlerEv writeStreamHandleEvent:eventType]; [p drain]; } Something strange is that when I run the debugger(with breakpoints) everything goes well, the connection is not deallocated and the callbacks work fine and the server is able to receive the message. I will appreciate any hint!

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  • Preventing multiple repeat selection of synchronized Controls ?

    - by BillW
    The working code sample here synchronizes (single) selection in a TreeView, ListView, and ComboBox via the use of lambda expressions in a dictionary where the Key in the dictionary is a Control, and the Value of each Key is an Action<int. Where I am stuck is that I am getting multiple repetitions of execution of the code that sets the selection in the various controls in a way that's unexpected : it's not recursing : there's no StackOverFlow error happening; but, I would like to figure out why the current strategy for preventing multiple selection of the same controls is not working. Perhaps the real problem here is distinguishing between a selection update triggered by the end-user and a selection update triggered by the code that synchronizes the other controls ? Note: I've been experimenting with using Delegates, and forms of Delegates like Action<T>, to insert executable code in Dictionaries : I "learn best" by posing programming "challenges" to myself, and implementing them, as well as studying, at the same time, the "golden words" of luminaries like Skeet, McDonald, Liberty, Troelsen, Sells, Richter. Note: Appended to this question/code, for "deep background," is a statement of how I used to do things in pre C#3.0 days where it seemed like I did need to use explicit measures to prevent recursion when synchronizing selection. Code : Assume a WinForms standard TreeView, ListView, ComboBox, all with the same identical set of entries (i.e., the TreeView has only root nodes; the ListView, in Details View, has one Column). private Dictionary<Control, Action<int>> ControlToAction = new Dictionary<Control, Action<int>>(); private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { // add the Controls to be synchronized to the Dictionary // with appropriate Action<int> lambda expressions ControlToAction.Add(treeView1, (i => { treeView1.SelectedNode = treeView1.Nodes[i]; })); ControlToAction.Add(listView1, (i => { listView1.Items[i].Selected = true; })); ControlToAction.Add(comboBox1, (i => { comboBox1.SelectedIndex = i; })); } private void synchronizeSelection(int i, Control currentControl) { foreach(Control theControl in ControlToAction.Keys) { // skip the 'current control' if (theControl == currentControl) continue; // for debugging only Console.WriteLine(theControl.Name + " synchronized"); // execute the Action<int> associated with the Control ControlToAction[theControl](i); } } private void treeView1_AfterSelect(object sender, TreeViewEventArgs e) { synchronizeSelection(e.Node.Index, treeView1); } private void listView1_SelectedIndexChanged(object sender, EventArgs e) { // weed out ListView SelectedIndexChanged firing // with SelectedIndices having a Count of #0 if (listView1.SelectedIndices.Count > 0) { synchronizeSelection(listView1.SelectedIndices[0], listView1); } } private void comboBox1_SelectedValueChanged(object sender, EventArgs e) { if (comboBox1.SelectedIndex > -1) { synchronizeSelection(comboBox1.SelectedIndex, comboBox1); } } background : pre C# 3.0 Seems like, back in pre C# 3.0 days, I was always using a boolean flag to prevent recursion when multiple controls were updated. For example, I'd typically have code like this for synchronizing a TreeView and ListView : assuming each Item in the ListView was synchronized with a root-level node of the TreeView via a common index : // assume ListView is in 'Details View,' has a single column, // MultiSelect = false // FullRowSelect = true // HideSelection = false; // assume TreeView // HideSelection = false // FullRowSelect = true // form scoped variable private bool dontRecurse = false; private void treeView1_AfterSelect(object sender, TreeViewEventArgs e) { if(dontRecurse) return; dontRecurse = true; listView1.Items[e.Node.Index].Selected = true; dontRecurse = false; } private void listView1_SelectedIndexChanged(object sender, EventArgs e) { if(dontRecurse) return // weed out ListView SelectedIndexChanged firing // with SelectedIndices having a Count of #0 if (listView1.SelectedIndices.Count > 0) { dontRecurse = true; treeView1.SelectedNode = treeView1.Nodes[listView1.SelectedIndices[0]]; dontRecurse = false; } } Then it seems, somewhere around FrameWork 3~3.5, I could get rid of the code to suppress recursion, and there was was no recursion (at least not when synchronizing a TreeView and a ListView). By that time it had become a "habit" to use a boolean flag to prevent recursion, and that may have had to do with using a certain third party control.

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  • JAVA: POST data via HTTPS does not seem to get sent?

    - by ostollmann
    Hi guys (and girls), I have a problem POSTing data via HTTPS in Java. The server response is the same whether or not I send 'query'. Maybe someone can point out what the problem is... Thanks! Main class: package bind; public class Main { public static final String urlString = "https://www.sms.ethz.ch/cgi-bin/sms/send.pl"; public static void main(String[] args) { Message msg = new Message("Alles klar?"); URL url = new URL(urlString); String[][] values = new String[3][2]; values[0][0] = "action"; values[0][1] = "listoriginators"; values[1][0] = "username"; values[1][1] = "xxxxxx"; values[2][0] = "password"; values[2][1] = "xxxxxx"; Query query = new Query(values); System.out.println("Query: " + query.getQuery()); Request request = new Request(url.getURL(), query.getQuery()); } } Request class: package bind; public class Request { static private int ic = 0; private URL url; protected Request(java.net.URL URL, String query){ ic++; if(CONSTANTS.SHOW_LOGS) { System.out.println("log: new instance of 'Message'"); } // connect try { System.setProperty("java.protocol.handler.pkgs", "com.sun.net.ssl.internal.www.protocol"); java.security.Security.addProvider(new com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.Provider()); javax.net.ssl.HttpsURLConnection connection = (javax.net.ssl.HttpsURLConnection) URL.openConnection(); connection.setDoInput(true); connection.setDoOutput(true); connection.setRequestMethod("POST"); connection.setFollowRedirects(true); connection.setRequestProperty("Content-Length", String.valueOf(query.length())); connection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/x-www- form-urlencoded"); connection.setRequestProperty("User-Agent", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1)"); java.io.DataOutputStream output = new java.io.DataOutputStream(connection.getOutputStream()); output.writeBytes(query); // <<-- NOTHING CHANGES IF I COMMENT THIS OUT OR NOT !!??!?! System.out.println("log: response code: " + connection.getResponseCode()); System.out.println("log: response message: " + connection.getResponseMessage()); java.io.DataInputStream input = new java.io.DataInputStream(connection.getInputStream()); for(int i = input.read(); i != -1; i = input.read()) { System.out.print((char)i); } System.out.print("\n"); input.close(); } catch(java.io.IOException e) { if(CONSTANTS.SHOW_LOGS) { System.out.println("error: unable to connect"); System.out.println(e); e.printStackTrace(); } } } } URL Class: public class URL { static private int ic = 0; private String URLString; private java.net.URL url; protected URL(String a_url){ ic++; if(CONSTANTS.SHOW_LOGS) { System.out.println("log: new instance of 'URL'"); } setURLString(a_url); createURL(); } private void setURLString(String a_url) { URLString = a_url; } private void createURL() { try { url = new java.net.URL(URLString); } catch(java.net.MalformedURLException e) { System.out.println("error: invalid URL"); System.out.println(e); e.printStackTrace(); } } private void showURL() { System.out.println("URL: " + url.getHost() + url.getPath()); } public java.net.URL getURL() { return url; } } PS: mostly from here: http://www.java-samples.com/java/POST-toHTTPS-url-free-java-sample-program.htm

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  • Unable to host WCF service correctly in IIS7

    - by user206736
    I have a WCF Service library written in .NET 4.0. I have a WCF application (in order to host this service in IIS) within the same solution. It contains the WCF library assembly reference and a service.svc file pointing to the service from the library along with a web.config that is a replica of the WCF service library's app.config. The WCF application is set to host the service in IIS7 (the virtual directory has been set). The same solution contains an ASP.NET Webforms solution to which I have added a service reference pointing to the WCF service I hosted in IIS (as mentioned). When i start an instance of this ASP.NET Web application, I get a message saying that "The WCF service has been hosted" and the ASP.NET application can access the data from it correctly. However, when i try and access this data via a service reference added to an MVC 2 Web Application on the same machine in a different solution (pointing to the service hosted in IIS), I get a "The remote server returned an error: (405) Method Not Allowed." protocol exception . However, the MVC application is able to access the service data if I manually invoke an instance of the WCF Application that I was using to host the WCF Service Library from the other solution. I am using VS2010 Beta 2 as my development IDE. I have been stuck with this issue for a while now. Any help would be appreciated. My service config is as follows:- <system.serviceModel> <services> <service behaviorConfiguration="CruxServices.BasicSearchServiceBehavior" name="CruxServices.BasicSearch.BasicSearch"> <endpoint address="" binding="wsHttpBinding" name="WSBindingEndpoint" bindingConfiguration="WSBindingConfig" contract="CruxServices.BasicSearch.Interfaces.IPropertyListFilter"> <identity> <dns value="localhost" /> </identity> </endpoint> <endpoint address="mex" binding="mexHttpBinding" name="MexEndpoint" contract="IMetadataExchange" /> <host> <baseAddresses> <add baseAddress="http://localhost/CruxServices" /> </baseAddresses> </host> </service> </services> <behaviors> <serviceBehaviors> <behavior name="CruxServices.BasicSearchServiceBehavior"> <serviceMetadata httpGetEnabled="true" /> <serviceDebug includeExceptionDetailInFaults="false" /> </behavior> </serviceBehaviors> </behaviors> <bindings> <wsHttpBinding> <binding name="WSBindingConfig"> <security mode="None"> <transport clientCredentialType="None"/> <message establishSecurityContext="false"/> </security> </binding> </wsHttpBinding> </bindings>

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  • Is SHA-1 secure for password storage?

    - by Tgr
    Some people throw around remarks like "SHA-1 is broken" a lot, so I'm trying to understand what exactly that means. Let's assume I have a database of SHA-1 password hashes, and an attacker whith a state of the art SHA-1 breaking algorithm and a botnet with 100,000 machines gets access to it. (Having control over 100k home computers would mean they can do about 10^15 operations per second.) How much time would they need to find out the password of any one user? find out the password of a given user? find out the password of all users? find a way to log in as one of the users? find a way to log in as a specific user? How does that change if the passwords are salted? Does the method of salting (prefix, postfix, both, or something more complicated like xor-ing) matter? Here is my current understanding, after some googling. Please correct in the answers if I misunderstood something. If there is no salt, a rainbow attack will immediately find all passwords (except extremely long ones). If there is a sufficiently long random salt, the most effective way to find out the passwords is a brute force or dictionary attack. Neither collision nor preimage attacks are any help in finding out the actual password, so cryptographic attacks against SHA-1 are no help here. It doesn't even matter much what algorithm is used - one could even use MD5 or MD4 and the passwords would be just as safe (there is a slight difference because computing a SHA-1 hash is slower). To evaluate how safe "just as safe" is, let's assume that a single sha1 run takes 1000 operations and passwords contain uppercase, lowercase and digits (that is, 60 characters). That means the attacker can test 1015*60*60*24 / 1000 ~= 1017 potential password a day. For a brute force attack, that would mean testing all passwords up to 9 characters in 3 hours, up to 10 characters in a week, up to 11 characters in a year. (It takes 60 times as much for every additional character.) A dictionary attack is much, much faster (even an attacker with a single computer could pull it off in hours), but only finds weak passwords. To log in as a user, the attacker does not need to find out the exact password; it is enough to find a string that results in the same hash. This is called a first preimage attack. As far as I could find, there are no preimage attacks against SHA-1. (A bruteforce attack would take 2160 operations, which means our theoretical attacker would need 1030 years to pull it off. Limits of theoretical possibility are around 260 operations, at which the attack would take a few years.) There are preimage attacks against reduced versions of SHA-1 with negligible effect (for the reduced SHA-1 which uses 44 steps instead of 80, attack time is down from 2160 operations to 2157). There are collision attacks against SHA-1 which are well within theoretical possibility (the best I found brings the time down from 280 to 252), but those are useless against password hashes, even without salting. In short, storing passwords with SHA-1 seems perfectly safe. Did I miss something?

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  • Backbone.js Model change events in nested collections not firing as expected

    - by Pallavi Kaushik
    I'm trying to use backbone.js in my first "real" application and I need some help debugging why certain model change events are not firing as I would expect. I have a web service at /employees/{username}/tasks which returns a JSON array of task objects, with each task object nesting a JSON array of subtask objects. For example, [{ "id":45002, "name":"Open Dining Room", "subtasks":[ {"id":1,"status":"YELLOW","name":"Clean all tables"}, {"id":2,"status":"RED","name":"Clean main floor"}, {"id":3,"status":"RED","name":"Stock condiments"}, {"id":4,"status":"YELLOW","name":"Check / replenish trays"} ] },{ "id":47003, "name":"Open Registers", "subtasks":[ {"id":1,"status":"YELLOW","name":"Turn on all terminals"}, {"id":2,"status":"YELLOW","name":"Balance out cash trays"}, {"id":3,"status":"YELLOW","name":"Check in promo codes"}, {"id":4,"status":"YELLOW","name":"Check register promo placards"} ] }] Another web service allows me to change the status of a specific subtask in a specific task, and looks like this: /tasks/45002/subtasks/1/status/red [aside - I intend to change this to a HTTP Post-based service, but the current implementation is easier for debugging] I have the following classes in my JS app: Subtask Model and Subtask Collection var Subtask = Backbone.Model.extend({}); var SubtaskCollection = Backbone.Collection.extend({ model: Subtask }); Task Model with a nested instance of a Subtask Collection var Task = Backbone.Model.extend({ initialize: function() { // each Task has a reference to a collection of Subtasks this.subtasks = new SubtaskCollection(this.get("subtasks")); // status of each Task is based on the status of its Subtasks this.update_status(); }, ... }); var TaskCollection = Backbone.Collection.extend({ model: Task }); Task View to renders the item and listen for change events to the model var TaskView = Backbone.View.extend({ tagName: "li", template: $("#TaskTemplate").template(), initialize: function() { _.bindAll(this, "on_change", "render"); this.model.bind("change", this.on_change); }, ... on_change: function(e) { alert("task model changed!"); } }); When the app launches, I instantiate a TaskCollection (using the data from the first web service listed above), bind a listener for change events to the TaskCollection, and set up a recurring setTimeout to fetch() the TaskCollection instance. ... TASKS = new TaskCollection(); TASKS.url = ".../employees/" + username + "/tasks" TASKS.fetch({ success: function() { APP.renderViews(); } }); TASKS.bind("change", function() { alert("collection changed!"); APP.renderViews(); }); // Poll every 5 seconds to keep the models up-to-date. setInterval(function() { TASKS.fetch(); }, 5000); ... Everything renders as expected the first time. But at this point, I would expect either (or both) a Collection change event or a Model change event to get fired if I change a subtask's status using my second web service, but this does not happen. Funnily, I did get change events to fire if I added one additional level of nesting, with the web service returning a single object that has the Tasks Collection embedded, for example: "employee":"pkaushik", "tasks":[{"id":45002,"subtasks":[{"id":1..... But this seems klugey... and I'm afraid I haven't architected my app right. I'll include more code if it helps, but this question is already rather verbose. Thoughts?

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  • spring3.0 mvc problem(The requested resource is not Available)

    - by Daniel
    Hi, I am a newbie for Spring MVC 3.0 and trying to write a sample webapp to get the feels of it. I am able to get url to invoke my associated controller, but not able to foward the request from which to my jsp resource as indicated by the output on the browser: The requested resource (/Spring30HelloWorld/helloworldcontroller) is not available. A word of suggestion on fixing the issue would be appreciated!! Please refer below for my code set up. Thanks in advance! web.xml (location: /WebContent) <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5"> <display-name>Spring30HelloWorld</display-name> <servlet> <servlet-name>A</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>A</servlet-name> <url-pattern>*.htm</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list> </web-app> A-servlet.xml (location: /WebContent/WEB-INF/) <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd"> <context:component-scan base-package="com.controller" /> </beans> HelloWorldController.java (location: /src/com/controller) package com.controller; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.portlet.ModelAndView; @Controller public class HelloWorldController { @RequestMapping("/helloWorld" ) public ModelAndView sayHello() { System.out.println("hello!"); //return new ModelAndView("helloworld.jsp", "hello", "hello"); return new ModelAndView("helloworld.jsp"); } } helloworld.jsp (location: /WebContent/) <html> <head> <title>Hello World</title> </head> <body> <h1>Simple Spring 3.0 Web App</h1> <p></p> </body> </html>

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  • In Ruby, how to I read memory values from an external process?

    - by grg-n-sox
    So all I simply want to do is make a Ruby program that reads some values from known memory address in another process's virtual memory. Through my research and basic knowledge of hex editing a running process's x86 assembly in memory, I have found the base address and offsets for the values in memory I want. I do not want to change them; I just want to read them. I asked a developer of a memory editor how to approach this abstract of language and assuming a Windows platform. He told me the Win32API calls for OpenProcess, CreateProcess, ReadProcessMemory, and WriteProcessMemory were the way to go using either C or C++. I think that the way to go would be just using the Win32API class and mapping two instances of it; One for either OpenProcess or CreateProcess, depending on if the user already has th process running or not, and another instance will be mapped to ReadProcessMemory. I probably still need to find the function for getting the list of running processes so I know which running process is the one I want if it is running already. This would take some work to put all together, but I am figuring it wouldn't be too bad to code up. It is just a new area of programming for me since I have never worked this low level from a high level language (well, higher level than C anyways). I am just wondering of the ways to approach this. I could just use a bunch or Win32API calls, but that means having to deal with a bunch of string and array pack and unpacking that is system dependant I want to eventually make this work cross-platform since the process I am reading from is produced from an executable that has multiple platform builds, (I know the memory address changes from system to system. The idea is to have a flat file that contains all memory mappings so the Ruby program can just match the current platform environment to the matching memory mapping.) but from the looks of things I'll just have to make a class that wraps whatever is the current platform's system shared library memory related function calls. For all I know, there could already exist a Ruby gem that takes care of all of this for me that I am just not finding. I could also possibly try editing the executables for each build to make it so whenever the memory values I want to read from are written to by the process, it also writes a copy of the new value to a space in shared memory that I somehow have Ruby make an instance of a class that is a pointer under the hood to that shared memory address and somehow signal to the Ruby program that the value was updated and should be reloaded. Basically a interrupt based system would be nice, but since the purpose of reading these values is just to send to a scoreboard broadcasted from a central server, I could just stick to a polling based system that sends updates at fixed time intervals. I also could just abandon Ruby altogether and go for C or C++ but I do not know those nearly as well. I actually know more x86 than C++ and I only know C as far as system independent ANSI C and have never dealt with shared system libraries before. So is there a gem or lesser known module available that has already done this? If not, then any additional information as to how to accomplish this would be nice. I guess, long story short, how do I do all this? Thanks in advance, Grg PS: Also a confirmation that those Win32API calls should be aimed at the kernel32.dll library would be nice.

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  • C#: Inheritence, Overriding, and Hiding

    - by Rosarch
    I'm having difficulty with an architectural decision for my C# XNA game. The basic entity in the world, such as a tree, zombie, or the player, is represented as a GameObject. Each GameObject is composed of at least a GameObjectController, GameObjectModel, and GameObjectView. These three are enough for simple entities, like inanimate trees or rocks. However, as I try to keep the functionality as factored out as possible, the inheritance begins to feel unwieldy. Syntactically, I'm not even sure how best to accomplish my goals. Here is the GameObjectController: public class GameObjectController { protected GameObjectModel model; protected GameObjectView view; public GameObjectController(GameObjectManager gameObjectManager) { this.gameObjectManager = gameObjectManager; model = new GameObjectModel(this); view = new GameObjectView(this); } public GameObjectManager GameObjectManager { get { return gameObjectManager; } } public virtual GameObjectView View { get { return view; } } public virtual GameObjectModel Model { get { return model; } } public virtual void Update(long tick) { } } I want to specify that each subclass of GameObjectController will have accessible at least a GameObjectView and GameObjectModel. If subclasses are fine using those classes, but perhaps are overriding for a more sophisticated Update() method, I don't want them to have to duplicate the code to produce those dependencies. So, the GameObjectController constructor sets those objects up. However, some objects do want to override the model and view. This is where the trouble comes in. Some objects need to fight, so they are CombatantGameObjects: public class CombatantGameObject : GameObjectController { protected new readonly CombatantGameModel model; public new virtual CombatantGameModel Model { get { return model; } } protected readonly CombatEngine combatEngine; public CombatantGameObject(GameObjectManager gameObjectManager, CombatEngine combatEngine) : base(gameObjectManager) { model = new CombatantGameModel(this); this.combatEngine = combatEngine; } public override void Update(long tick) { if (model.Health <= 0) { gameObjectManager.RemoveFromWorld(this); } base.Update(tick); } } Still pretty simple. Is my use of new to hide instance variables correct? Note that I'm assigning CombatantObjectController.model here, even though GameObjectController.Model was already set. And, combatants don't need any special view functionality, so they leave GameObjectController.View alone. Then I get down to the PlayerController, at which a bug is found. public class PlayerController : CombatantGameObject { private readonly IInputReader inputReader; private new readonly PlayerModel model; public new PlayerModel Model { get { return model; } } private float lastInventoryIndexAt; private float lastThrowAt; public PlayerController(GameObjectManager gameObjectManager, IInputReader inputReader, CombatEngine combatEngine) : base(gameObjectManager, combatEngine) { this.inputReader = inputReader; model = new PlayerModel(this); Model.Health = Constants.PLAYER_HEALTH; } public override void Update(long tick) { if (Model.Health <= 0) { gameObjectManager.RemoveFromWorld(this); for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { Debug.WriteLine("YOU DEAD SON!!!"); } return; } UpdateFromInput(tick); // .... } } The first time that this line is executed, I get a null reference exception: model.Body.ApplyImpulse(movementImpulse, model.Position); model.Position looks at model.Body, which is null. This is a function that initializes GameObjects before they are deployed into the world: public void Initialize(GameObjectController controller, IDictionary<string, string> data, WorldState worldState) { controller.View.read(data); controller.View.createSpriteAnimations(data, _assets); controller.Model.read(data); SetUpPhysics(controller, worldState, controller.Model.BoundingCircleRadius, Single.Parse(data["x"]), Single.Parse(data["y"]), bool.Parse(data["isBullet"])); } Every object is passed as a GameObjectController. Does that mean that if the object is really a PlayerController, controller.Model will refer to the base's GameObjectModel and not the PlayerController's overriden PlayerObjectModel?

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  • iphone sdk - problem pasting into current text location

    - by norskben
    Hi guys I'm trying to paste text right into where the cursor currently is. I have been trying to do what it says at: - http://dev.ragfield.com/2009/09/insert-text-at-current-cursor-location.html The main deal is that I can't just go textbox1.text (etc) because the textfield is in the middle of a custom cell. I want to just have some text added to where the cursor is (when I press a custom key on a keyboard). -I just want to paste a decimal into the textbox... The error I get is: 2010-05-15 22:37:20.797 PageControl[37962:207] * -[MyDetailController paste:]: unrecognized selector sent to instance 0x1973d10 2010-05-15 22:37:20.797 PageControl[37962:207] Terminating app due to uncaught exception 'NSInvalidArgumentException', reason: '** -[MyDetailController paste:]: unrecognized selector sent to instance 0x1973d10' Note: I have access to the textfield tag (if that helps?) I'm a little past the beginner stage in objective-c, but still not great. My code is currently below, and at https://gist.github.com/d634329e5ddf52945989 Thanks all. MyDetailController.h @interface MyDetailController : UITableViewController <UITextFieldDelegate,UINavigationControllerDelegate> { //...(lots in here) } @end @interface UIResponder(UIResponderInsertTextAdditions) - (void) insertText: (NSString*) text; @end MyDetailController.m @implementation MyDetailController //.... (lots in here) - (void)addDecimal:(NSNotification *)notification { // Apend the Decimal to the TextField. //savedAmount.text = [savedAmount.text stringByAppendingString:@"."]; NSLog(@"Decimal Pressed"); NSLog(@"tagClicked: %d",tagClicked); switch (tagClicked) { case 7: //savedAmount.text = [savedAmount.text stringByAppendingString:@"."]; break; case 8: //goalAmount.text = [goalAmount.text stringByAppendingString:@"."]; break; case 9: //incrementAmount.text = [incrementAmount.text stringByAppendingString:@"."]; break; case 10: //incrementAmount.text = [incrementAmount.text stringByAppendingString:@"."]; break; } [self insertText:@"."]; } -(void)textFieldDidBeginEditing:(UITextField *)textfield{ //UITextField *theCell = (UITextField *)sender; tagClicked = textfield.tag; NSLog(@"textfield changed. tagClicked: %d",tagClicked); } @end @implementation UIResponder(UIResponderInsertTextAdditions) - (void) insertText: (NSString*) text { // Get a refererence to the system pasteboard because that's // the only one @selector(paste:) will use. UIPasteboard* generalPasteboard = [UIPasteboard generalPasteboard]; // Save a copy of the system pasteboard's items // so we can restore them later. NSArray* items = [generalPasteboard.items copy]; // Set the contents of the system pasteboard // to the text we wish to insert. generalPasteboard.string = text; // Tell this responder to paste the contents of the // system pasteboard at the current cursor location. [self paste: self]; // Restore the system pasteboard to its original items. generalPasteboard.items = items; // Free the items array we copied earlier. [items release]; } @end

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  • OSGI Declarative Services (DS): What is a good way of using service component instances

    - by Christoph
    I am just getting started with OSGI and Declarative Services (DS) using Equinox and Eclipse PDE. I have 2 Bundles, A and B. Bundle A exposes a component which is consumed by Bundle B. Both bundles also expose this service to the OSGI Service registry again. Everything works fine so far and Equinox is wireing the components together, which means the Bundle A and Bundle B are instanciated by Equinox (by calling the default constructor) and then the wireing happens using the bind / unbind methods. Now, as Equinox is creating the instances of those components / services I would like to know what is the best way of getting this instance? So assume there is third class class which is NOT instantiated by OSGI: Class WantsToUseComponentB{ public void doSomethingWithComponentB(){ // how do I get componentB??? Something like this maybe? ComponentB component = (ComponentB)someComponentRegistry.getComponent(ComponentB.class.getName()); } I see the following options right now: 1. Use a ServiceTracker in the Activator to get the Service of ComponentBundleA.class.getName() (I have tried that already and it works, but it seems to much overhead to me) and make it available via a static factory methods public class Activator{ private static ServiceTracker componentBServiceTracker; public void start(BundleContext context){ componentBServiceTracker = new ServiceTracker(context, ComponentB.class.getName(),null); } public static ComponentB getComponentB(){ return (ComponentB)componentBServiceTracker.getService(); }; } 2. Create some kind of Registry where each component registers as soon as the activate() method is called. public ComponentB{ public void bind(ComponentA componentA){ someRegistry.registerComponent(this); } or public ComponentB{ public void activate(ComponentContext context){ someRegistry.registerComponent(this); } } } 3. Use an existing registry inside osgi / equinox which has those instances? I mean OSGI is already creating instances and wires them together, so it has the objects already somewhere. But where? How can I get them? Conclusion Where does the class WantsToUseComponentB (which is NOT a Component and NOT instantiated by OSGI) get an instance of ComponentB from? Are there any patterns or best practises? As I said I managed to use a ServiceTracker in the Activator, but I thought that would be possible without it. What I am looking for is actually something like the BeanContainer of Springframework, where I can just say something like Container.getBean(ComponentA.BEAN_NAME). But I don't want to use Spring DS. I hope that was clear enough. Otherwise I can also post some source code to explain in more detail. Thanks Christoph UPDATED: Answer to Neil's comment: Thanks for clarifying this question against the original version, but I think you still need to state why the third class cannot be created via something like DS. Hmm don't know. Maybe there is a way but I would need to refactor my whole framework to be based on DS, so that there are no "new MyThirdClass(arg1, arg2)" statements anymore. Don't really know how to do that, but I read something about ComponentFactories in DS. So instead of doing a MyThirdClass object = new MyThirdClass(arg1, arg2); I might do a ComponentFactory myThirdClassFactory = myThirdClassServiceTracker.getService(); // returns a if (myThirdClassFactory != null){ MyThirdClass object = objectFactory.newInstance(); object.setArg1("arg1"); object.setArg2("arg2"); } else{ // here I can assume that some service of ComponentA or B went away so MyThirdClass Componenent cannot be created as there are missing dependencies? } At the time of writing I don't know exactly how to use the ComponentFactories but this is supposed to be some kind of pseudo code :) Thanks Christoph

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  • python: what are efficient techniques to deal with deeply nested data in a flexible manner?

    - by AlexandreS
    My question is not about a specific code snippet but more general, so please bear with me: How should I organize the data I'm analyzing, and which tools should I use to manage it? I'm using python and numpy to analyse data. Because the python documentation indicates that dictionaries are very optimized in python, and also due to the fact that the data itself is very structured, I stored it in a deeply nested dictionary. Here is a skeleton of the dictionary: the position in the hierarchy defines the nature of the element, and each new line defines the contents of a key in the precedent level: [AS091209M02] [AS091209M01] [AS090901M06] ... [100113] [100211] [100128] [100121] [R16] [R17] [R03] [R15] [R05] [R04] [R07] ... [1263399103] ... [ImageSize] [FilePath] [Trials] [Depth] [Frames] [Responses] ... [N01] [N04] ... [Sequential] [Randomized] [Ch1] [Ch2] Edit: To explain a bit better my data set: [individual] ex: [AS091209M02] [imaging session (date string)] ex: [100113] [Region imaged] ex: [R16] [timestamp of file] ex [1263399103] [properties of file] ex: [Responses] [regions of interest in image ] ex [N01] [format of data] ex [Sequential] [channel of acquisition: this key indexes an array of values] ex [Ch1] The type of operations I perform is for instance to compute properties of the arrays (listed under Ch1, Ch2), pick up arrays to make a new collection, for instance analyze responses of N01 from region 16 (R16) of a given individual at different time points, etc. This structure works well for me and is very fast, as promised. I can analyze the full data set pretty quickly (and the dictionary is far too small to fill up my computer's ram : half a gig). My problem comes from the cumbersome manner in which I need to program the operations of the dictionary. I often have stretches of code that go like this: for mk in dic.keys(): for rgk in dic[mk].keys(): for nk in dic[mk][rgk].keys(): for ik in dic[mk][rgk][nk].keys(): for ek in dic[mk][rgk][nk][ik].keys(): #do something which is ugly, cumbersome, non reusable, and brittle (need to recode it for any variant of the dictionary). I tried using recursive functions, but apart from the simplest applications, I ran into some very nasty bugs and bizarre behaviors that caused a big waste of time (it does not help that I don't manage to debug with pdb in ipython when I'm dealing with deeply nested recursive functions). In the end the only recursive function I use regularly is the following: def dicExplorer(dic, depth = -1, stp = 0): '''prints the hierarchy of a dictionary. if depth not specified, will explore all the dictionary ''' if depth - stp == 0: return try : list_keys = dic.keys() except AttributeError: return stp += 1 for key in list_keys: else: print '+%s> [\'%s\']' %(stp * '---', key) dicExplorer(dic[key], depth, stp) I know I'm doing this wrong, because my code is long, noodly and non-reusable. I need to either use better techniques to flexibly manipulate the dictionaries, or to put the data in some database format (sqlite?). My problem is that since I'm (badly) self-taught in regards to programming, I lack practical experience and background knowledge to appreciate the options available. I'm ready to learn new tools (SQL, object oriented programming), whatever it takes to get the job done, but I am reluctant to invest my time and efforts into something that will be a dead end for my needs. So what are your suggestions to tackle this issue, and be able to code my tools in a more brief, flexible and re-usable manner?

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  • Which option do you like the most?

    - by spderosso
    I need to show a list of movies ordered by the date they were registered in the system and the amount of comments users have made about them. E.g: Title | Register Date | # of comments Gladiator | 02-01-2010 | 30 Matrix | 01-02-2010 | 20 It is a web application that follows MVC. So, I have the object "Movie", there is a MovieManager interface that is used for retrieving/persisting data to the database and a servlet RecentlyAddedMovies.java that forwards to a .jsp to render the list. I will explain my problem by showing an example of how I am doing another similar task: Showing top ranked movies. Regarding the MovieManager: /** * Returns a collection of the x best-ranked movies * @param x the amount of movies to return * @return A collection of movies * @throws SQLException */ public Collection<Movie> getTopX(int x) throws SQLException; The servlet: public class Top5 extends HttpServlet{ @Override protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { MovieManager movManager = JDBCMovieManager.getInstance(); try { req.setAttribute("movies", movManager.getTopX(5)); } catch (SQLException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } req.getRequestDispatcher("listMovies.jsp").forward(req, resp); } } And the listMovies.jsp has is some place something like: <c:forEach var="movie" items="${movies}"> ... <c:out value="${movie.title}"/> ... </c:forEach> The difference between the top5 problem and the problem I am trying to solve is that with the top5 thing all the data I needed to show in the view where part of the "Movie" object, so the MovieManager simply returned a Collection of Movies. Now, the MovieManager must retrieve an ordered list of (Movie, # of comments). The Movie object has a collection of Comment associated but of course, it lacks an instance variable with the length of that collection. The following things came into my mind: a) Create a MovieView object or something like that, that is only used by the "View" and "Controller" layer of the MVC which is not part of the "Model" in the sense that is used only for easy retrieval and display of information. This MovieView object will have a title, registerDate and # of Comments so the thing would look something like this: /** * Returns a collection of the x most recently added movies * @param x the amount of movies to return * @return A collection of movies * @throws SQLException */ public Collection<Movie2> getXRecentlyAddedMovies(int x) throws SQLException; The .jsp: <c:forEach var="movie2" items="${movies2}"> ... <c:out value="${movie2.title}"/> <c:out value="${movie2.registerDate}"/> <c:out value="${movie2.noOfComments}"/> ... </c:forEach> b) Add to the Collection the movie has, empty Comments (there is no actual need to retrieve all the comment data from the database) so that the comment's collection.size() will show the number of comments that movie has. (This sounds horrible to me) c) Add to the "Movie" object an instance field noOfComments with the setter and getter that will help with this type of cases even if, looking only from the object point of view, it is a redundant field since it already has a Collection that is ".size()"able . d) Make the MovieManager retrieve some structure like a Map or a Collection of a two component array or something like that that will contain both a Movie object and the associated number of comments and with JSLT iterate over it and show it accordingly.

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  • using xml type attribute for derived complex types

    - by David Michel
    Hi All, I'm trying to get derived complex types from a base type in an xsd schema. it works well when I do this (inspired by this): xml file: <person xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:type="Employee"> <name>John</name> <height>59</height> <jobDescription>manager</jobDescription> </person> xsd file: <xs:element name="person" type="Person"/> <xs:complexType name="Person" abstract="true"> <xs:sequence> <xs:element name= "name" type="xs:string"/> <xs:element name= "height" type="xs:double" /> </xs:sequence> </xs:complexType> <xs:complexType name="Employee"> <xs:complexContent> <xs:extension base="Person"> <xs:sequence> <xs:element name="jobDescription" type="xs:string" /> </xs:sequence> </xs:extension> </xs:complexContent> </xs:complexType> However, if I want to have the person element inside, for example, a sequence of another complex type, it doesn't work anymore: xml: <staffRecord> <company>mycompany</company> <dpt>sales</dpt> <person xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:type="Employee"> <name>John</name> <height>59</height> <jobDescription>manager</jobDescription> </person> </staffRecord> xsd file: <xs:element name="staffRecord"> <xs:complexType> <xs:sequence> <xs:element name="company" type="xs:string"/> <xs:element name="dpt" type="xs:string"/> <xs:element name="person" type="Person"/> <xs:complexType name="Person" abstract="true"> <xs:sequence> <xs:element name= "name" type="xs:string"/> <xs:element name= "height" type="xs:double" /> </xs:sequence> </xs:complexType> <xs:complexType name="Employee"> <xs:complexContent> <xs:extension base="Person"> <xs:sequence> <xs:element name="jobDescription" type="xs:string" /> </xs:sequence> </xs:extension> </xs:complexContent> </xs:complexType> </xs:sequence> </xs:complexType> </xs:element> When validating the xml with that schema with xmllint (under linux), I get this error message then: config.xsd:12: element complexType: Schemas parser error : Element '{http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema}sequence': The content is not valid. Expected is (annotation?, (element | group | choice | sequence | any)*). WXS schema config.xsd failed to compile Any idea what is wrong ? David

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  • Thread Synchronisation 101

    - by taspeotis
    Previously I've written some very simple multithreaded code, and I've always been aware that at any time there could be a context switch right in the middle of what I'm doing, so I've always guarded access the shared variables through a CCriticalSection class that enters the critical section on construction and leaves it on destruction. I know this is fairly aggressive and I enter and leave critical sections quite frequently and sometimes egregiously (e.g. at the start of a function when I could put the CCriticalSection inside a tighter code block) but my code doesn't crash and it runs fast enough. At work my multithreaded code needs to be a tighter, only locking/synchronising at the lowest level needed. At work I was trying to debug some multithreaded code, and I came across this: EnterCriticalSection(&m_Crit4); m_bSomeVariable = true; LeaveCriticalSection(&m_Crit4); Now, m_bSomeVariable is a Win32 BOOL (not volatile), which as far as I know is defined to be an int, and on x86 reading and writing these values is a single instruction, and since context switches occur on an instruction boundary then there's no need for synchronising this operation with a critical section. I did some more research online to see whether this operation did not need synchronisation, and I came up with two scenarios it did: The CPU implements out of order execution or the second thread is running on a different core and the updated value is not written into RAM for the other core to see; and The int is not 4-byte aligned. I believe number 1 can be solved using the "volatile" keyword. In VS2005 and later the C++ compiler surrounds access to this variable using memory barriers, ensuring that the variable is always completely written/read to the main system memory before using it. Number 2 I cannot verify, I don't know why the byte alignment would make a difference. I don't know the x86 instruction set, but does mov need to be given a 4-byte aligned address? If not do you need to use a combination of instructions? That would introduce the problem. So... QUESTION 1: Does using the "volatile" keyword (implicity using memory barriers and hinting to the compiler not to optimise this code) absolve a programmer from the need to synchronise a 4-byte/8-byte on x86/x64 variable between read/write operations? QUESTION 2: Is there the explicit requirement that the variable be 4-byte/8-byte aligned? I did some more digging into our code and the variables defined in the class: class CExample { private: CRITICAL_SECTION m_Crit1; // Protects variable a CRITICAL_SECTION m_Crit2; // Protects variable b CRITICAL_SECTION m_Crit3; // Protects variable c CRITICAL_SECTION m_Crit4; // Protects variable d // ... }; Now, to me this seems excessive. I thought critical sections synchronised threads between a process, so if you've got one you can enter it and no other thread in that process can execute. There is no need for a critical section for each variable you want to protect, if you're in a critical section then nothing else can interrupt you. I think the only thing that can change the variables from outside a critical section is if the process shares a memory page with another process (can you do that?) and the other process starts to change the values. Mutexes would also help here, named mutexes are shared across processes, or only processes of the same name? QUESTION 3: Is my analysis of critical sections correct, and should this code be rewritten to use mutexes? I have had a look at other synchronisation objects (semaphores and spinlocks), are they better suited here? QUESTION 4: Where are critical sections/mutexes/semaphores/spinlocks best suited? That is, which synchronisation problem should they be applied to. Is there a vast performance penalty for choosing one over the other? And while we're on it, I read that spinlocks should not be used in a single-core multithreaded environment, only a multi-core multithreaded environment. So, QUESTION 5: Is this wrong, or if not, why is it right? Thanks in advance for any responses :)

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  • How to get an X11 Window from a Process ID ?

    - by Adam Pierce
    Under Linux, my C++ application is using fork() and execv() to launch multiple instances of OpenOffice so as to view some powerpoint slide shows. This part works. Next I want to be able to move the OpenOffice windows to specific locations on the display. I can do that with the XMoveResizeWindow() function but I need to find the Window for each instance. I have the process ID of each instance, how can I find the X11 Window from that ? UPDATE - Thanks to Andy's suggestion, I have pulled this off. I'm posting the code here to share it with the Stack Overflow community. Unfortunately Open Office does not seem to set the _NET_WM_PID property so this doesn't ultimately solve my problem but it does answer the question. // Attempt to identify a window by name or attribute. // by Adam Pierce <[email protected]> #include <X11/Xlib.h> #include <X11/Xatom.h> #include <iostream> #include <list> using namespace std; class WindowsMatchingPid { public: WindowsMatchingPid(Display *display, Window wRoot, unsigned long pid) : _display(display) , _pid(pid) { // Get the PID property atom. _atomPID = XInternAtom(display, "_NET_WM_PID", True); if(_atomPID == None) { cout << "No such atom" << endl; return; } search(wRoot); } const list<Window> &result() const { return _result; } private: unsigned long _pid; Atom _atomPID; Display *_display; list<Window> _result; void search(Window w) { // Get the PID for the current Window. Atom type; int format; unsigned long nItems; unsigned long bytesAfter; unsigned char *propPID = 0; if(Success == XGetWindowProperty(_display, w, _atomPID, 0, 1, False, XA_CARDINAL, &type, &format, &nItems, &bytesAfter, &propPID)) { if(propPID != 0) { // If the PID matches, add this window to the result set. if(_pid == *((unsigned long *)propPID)) _result.push_back(w); XFree(propPID); } } // Recurse into child windows. Window wRoot; Window wParent; Window *wChild; unsigned nChildren; if(0 != XQueryTree(_display, w, &wRoot, &wParent, &wChild, &nChildren)) { for(unsigned i = 0; i < nChildren; i++) search(wChild[i]); } } }; int main(int argc, char **argv) { if(argc < 2) return 1; int pid = atoi(argv[1]); cout << "Searching for windows associated with PID " << pid << endl; // Start with the root window. Display *display = XOpenDisplay(0); WindowsMatchingPid match(display, XDefaultRootWindow(display), pid); // Print the result. const list<Window> &result = match.result(); for(list<Window>::const_iterator it = result.begin(); it != result.end(); it++) cout << "Window #" << (unsigned long)(*it) << endl; return 0; }

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  • powermock : ProcessBuilder redirectErrorStream giving nullPointerException

    - by kaustubh9
    I am using powermock to mock some native command invocation using process builder. the strange thing is these test pass sometimes and fail sometimes giving a NPE. Is this a powermock issue or some gotcha in the program. the snippet of the class under test is.. public void method1(String jsonString, String filename) { try { JSONObject jObj = new JSONObject(jsonString); JSONArray jArr = jObj.getJSONArray("something"); String cmd = "/home/y/bin/perl <perlscript>.pl<someConstant>" + " -k " + <someConstant> + " -t " + <someConstant>; cmd += vmArr.getJSONObject(i).getString("jsonKey"); ProcessBuilder pb = new ProcessBuilder("bash", "-c", cmd); pb.redirectErrorStream(false); Process shell = pb.start(); shell.waitFor(); if (shell.exitValue() != 0) { throw new RuntimeException("Error in Collecting the logs. cmd="+cmd); } StringBuilder error = new StringBuilder(); InputStream iError = shell.getErrorStream(); BufferedReader bfr = new BufferedReader( new InputStreamReader(iError)); String line = null; while ((line = bfr.readLine()) != null) { error.append(line + "\n"); } if (!error.toString().isEmpty()) { LOGGER.error(error`enter code here`); } iError.close(); bfr.close(); } catch (Exception e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); } and the unit test case is .. @PrepareForTest( {.class, ProcessBuilder.class,Process.class, InputStream.class,InputStreamReader.class, BufferedReader.class} ) @Test(sequential=true) public class TestClass { @Test(groups = {"unit"}) public void testMethod() { try { ProcessBuilder prBuilderMock = createMock(ProcessBuilder.class); Process processMock = createMock(Process.class); InputStream iStreamMock = createMock(InputStream.class); InputStreamReader iStrRdrMock = createMock(InputStreamReader.class); BufferedReader bRdrMock = createMock(BufferedReader.class); String errorStr =" Error occured"; String json = <jsonStringInput>; String cmd = "/home/y/bin/perl <perlscript>.pl -k "+<someConstant>+" -t "+<someConstant>+" "+<jsonValue>; expectNew(ProcessBuilder.class, "bash", "-c", cmd).andReturn(prBuilderMock); expect(prBuilderMock.redirectErrorStream(false)).andReturn(prBuilderMock); expect(prBuilderMock.start()).andReturn(processMock); expect(processMock.waitFor()).andReturn(0); expect(processMock.exitValue()).andReturn(0); expect(processMock.getErrorStream()).andReturn(iStreamMock); expectNew(InputStreamReader.class, iStreamMock) .andReturn(iStrRdrMock); expectNew(BufferedReader.class, iStrRdrMock) .andReturn(bRdrMock); expect(bRdrMock.readLine()).andReturn(errorStr); expect(bRdrMock.readLine()).andReturn(null); iStreamMock.close(); bRdrMock.close(); expectLastCall().once(); replayAll(); <ClassToBeTested> instance = new <ClassToBeTested>(); instance.method1(json, fileName); verifyAll(); } catch (Exception e) { Assert.fail("failed while collecting log.", e); } } I get an error on execution an the test case fails.. Caused by: java.lang.NullPointerException at java.lang.ProcessBuilder.start(ProcessBuilder.java:438) Note : I do not get this error on all executions. Sometimes it passes and sometimes it fails. I am not able to understand this behavior.

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  • How can I handle parameterized queries in Drupal?

    - by Anthony Gatlin
    We have a client who is currently using Lotus Notes/Domino as their content management system and web server. For many reasons, we are recommending they sunset their Notes/Domino implementation and transition onto a more modern platform--such as Drupal. The client has several web applications which would be a natural fit for Drupal. However, I am unsure of the best way to implement one of the web applications in Drupal. I am running into a knowledge barrier and wondered if any of you could fill in the gaps. Situation The client has a Lotus Domino application which serves as a front-end for querying a large DB2 data store and returning a result set (generally in table form) to a user via the web. The web application provides access to approximately 100 pre-defined queries--50 of which are public and 50 of which are secured. Most of the queries accept some set of user selected parameters as input. The output of the queries is typically returned to users in a list (table) format. A limited number of result sets allow drill-down through the HTML table into detail records. The query parameters often involve database queries themselves. For example, a single query may pull a list of company divisions into a drop-down. Once a division is selected, second drop-down with the departments from that division is populated--but perhaps only departments which meet some special criteria--such as those having taken a loss within a specific time frame. Most queries have 2-4 parameters with the average probably being 3. The application involves no data entry. None of the back-end data is ever modified by the web application. All access is purely based around querying data and viewing results. The queries change relatively infrequently, and the current system has been in place for approximately 10 years. There may be 10-20 query additions, modifications, or other changes in a given year. The client simply desires to change the presentation platform but absolutely does not want to re-do the 100 database queries. Once the project is implemented, the client wants their staff to take over and manage future changes. The client's staff have no background in Drupal or PHP but are somewhat willing to learn as necessary. How would you transition this into Drupal? My major knowledge void relates to how we would manage the query parameters and access the queries themselves. Here are a few specific questions but feel free to chime in on any issue related to this implementation. Would we have to build 100 forms by hand--with each form containing the parameters for a given query? If so, how would we do this? Approximately how long would it take to build/configure each of these forms? Is there a better way than manually building 100 forms? (I understand using CCK to enter data into custom content types but since we aren't adding any nodes, I am a little stuck as to how this might work.) Would it be possible for the internal staff to learn to create these query parameter forms--even if they are unfamiliar with Drupal today? Would they be required to do any PHP programming? How would we take the query parameters from a form and execute a query against DB2? Would this require a custom module? If so, would it require one module total or one module per query? (Note: There is apparently a DB2 driver available for Drupal. See http://groups.drupal.org/node/5511.) Note: I am not looking for CMS recommendations other than Drupal as Drupal nicely fits all of the client's other requirements, and I hope to help them standardize on a single platform. Any assistance you can provide would be helpful. Thank you in advance for your help!

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  • Using AsyncTask to display data in ListView, but onPostExecute not being called

    - by sumisu
    I made a simple AsyncTask class to display data in ListView with the help of this stackoverflow question. But the AsyncTask onPostExecute is not being called. This is my code: public class Start extends SherlockActivity { // JSON Node names private static final String TAG_ID = "id"; private static final String TAG_NAME = "name"; // category JSONArray JSONArray category = null; private ListView lv; @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { setTheme(SampleList.THEME); //Used for theme switching in samples super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.test); new MyAsyncTask().execute("http://...."); // Launching new screen on Selecting Single ListItem lv.setOnItemClickListener(new OnItemClickListener() { @Override public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int position, long id) { // getting values from selected ListItem String name = ((TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.name)).getText().toString(); String cost = ((TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.mail)).getText().toString(); // Starting new intent Intent in = new Intent(getApplicationContext(), SingleMenuItemActivity.class); in.putExtra("categoryname", name); System.out.println(cost); in.putExtra("categoryid", cost); startActivity(in); } }); } public class MyAsyncTask extends AsyncTask<String, Void, ArrayList<HashMap<String, String>> > { // Hashmap for ListView ArrayList<HashMap<String, String>> contactList = new ArrayList<HashMap<String, String>>(); @Override protected ArrayList<HashMap<String, String>> doInBackground(String... params) { // Creating JSON Parser instance JSONParser jParser = new JSONParser(); // getting JSON string from URL category = jParser.getJSONArrayFromUrl(params[0]); try { // looping through All Contacts for(int i = 0; i < category.length(); i++){ JSONObject c = category.getJSONObject(i); // Storing each json item in variable String id = c.getString(TAG_ID); String name = c.getString(TAG_NAME); // creating new HashMap HashMap<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>(); // adding each child node to HashMap key => value map.put(TAG_ID, id); map.put(TAG_NAME, name); // adding HashList to ArrayList contactList.add(map); } } catch (JSONException e) { Log.e("log_tag", "Error parsing data "+e.toString()); } return contactList; } @Override protected void onPostExecute(ArrayList<HashMap<String, String>> result) { ListAdapter adapter = new SimpleAdapter(Start.this, result , R.layout.list_item, new String[] { TAG_NAME, TAG_ID }, new int[] { R.id.name, R.id.mail }); // selecting single ListView item lv = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.ListView); lv.setAdapter(adapter); } } } Eclipse: 11-25 11:40:31.896: E/AndroidRuntime(917): java.lang.RuntimeException: Unable to start activity ComponentInfo{de.essentials/de.main.Start}: java.lang.NullPointerException

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  • Dynamic model choice field in django formset using multiple select elements

    - by Aryeh Leib Taurog
    I posted this question on the django-users list, but haven't had a reply there yet. I have models that look something like this: class ProductGroup(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=10, primary_key=True) def __unicode__(self): return self.name class ProductRun(models.Model): date = models.DateField(primary_key=True) def __unicode__(self): return self.date.isoformat() class CatalogItem(models.Model): cid = models.CharField(max_length=25, primary_key=True) group = models.ForeignKey(ProductGroup) run = models.ForeignKey(ProductRun) pnumber = models.IntegerField() def __unicode__(self): return self.cid class Meta: unique_together = ('group', 'run', 'pnumber') class Transaction(models.Model): timestamp = models.DateTimeField() user = models.ForeignKey(User) item = models.ForeignKey(CatalogItem) quantity = models.IntegerField() price = models.FloatField() Let's say there are about 10 ProductGroups and 10-20 relevant ProductRuns at any given time. Each group has 20-200 distinct product numbers (pnumber), so there are at least a few thousand CatalogItems. I am working on formsets for the Transaction model. Instead of a single select menu with the several thousand CatalogItems for the ForeignKey field, I want to substitute three drop-down menus, for group, run, and pnumber, which uniquely identify the CatalogItem. I'd also like to limit the choices in the second two drop-downs to those runs and pnumbers which are available for the currently selected product group (I can update them via AJAX if the user changes the product group, but it's important that the initial page load as described without relying on AJAX). What's the best way to do this? As a point of departure, here's what I've tried/considered so far: My first approach was to exclude the item foreign key field from the form, add the substitute dropdowns by overriding the add_fields method of the formset, and then extract the data and populate the fields manually on the model instances before saving them. It's straightforward and pretty simple, but it's not very reusable and I don't think it is the right way to do this. My second approach was to create a new field which inherits both MultiValueField and ModelChoiceField, and a corresponding MultiWidget subclass. This seems like the right approach. As Malcolm Tredinnick put it in a django-users discussion, "the 'smarts' of a field lie in the Field class." The problem I'm having is when/where to fetch the lists of choices from the db. The code I have now does it in the Field's __init__, but that means I have to know which ProductGroup I'm dealing with before I can even define the Form class, since I have to instantiate the Field when I define the form. So I have a factory function which I call at the last minute from my view--after I know what CatalogItems I have and which product group they're in--to create form/formset classes and instantiate them. It works, but I wonder if there's a better way. After all, the field should be able to determine the correct choices much later on, once it knows its current value. Another problem is that my implementation limits the entire formset to transactions relating to (CatalogItems from) a single ProductGroup. A third possibility I'm entertaining is to put it all in the Widget class. Once I have the related model instance, or the cid, or whatever the widget is given, I can get the ProductGroup and construct the drop-downs. This would solve the issues with my second approach, but doesn't seem like the right approach.

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