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• Isometric smooth fog

  - by marcg11

  I'm working on a simple 2d game with direct3d 9. It's a isometric game with diamond tiles and a staggered map. This is what I have: As you se I have some king of fog which is acomplished by having a fog matrix which is true (clear terrain) or false (obscure terran). But the result is very chunky. The fog moves as the player moves by tiles but not by pixels. Basically I check for every tile if there is fog, if so I just change the color of that tile: if(scene->fog[i+mapx][j+mapy] == FOG_NONE) { tile_color = 0x666666FF; } I also would like the fog to be smoother, for that I followed this "tutorial" but I haven't managed to work it it out. http://www.appsizematters.com/2010/07/how-to-implement-a-fog-of-war-part-2-smooth/

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• How to get a point to the left/right of a vector

  - by MulletDevil

  I have a position vector of a point in space and a quaternion for it's rotation. What i'm trying to calculate is a point too the left and a point to the right. I have the position and rotation(quaternion) of the red dot. What I want is to get the position of the green dots. I have a float value for the distance I want these points to be. With only the position and rotation is it possible to get a unit direction vector pointing left/right which I can multiply by my float value? Edit: I also know the original direction vector.

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• How to implement explosion in OpenGL with a particle effect?

  - by Chan

  I'm relatively new to OpenGL and I'm clueless how to implement explosion. So could anyone give me some ideas how to start? Suppose the explosion occurs at location $(x, y, z)$, then I'm thinking of randomly generate a collection of vectors with $(x, y, z)$ as origin, then draw some particle (glutSolidCube) which move along this vector for some period of time, says after 1000 updates, it disappear. Is this approach feasible? A minimal example would be greatly appreciated.

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• What alternatives exist of how an agent can follow the path calculated by a path-finding algorithm?

  - by momboco

  What alternatives exist of how an agent can follow the path calculated by a path-finding algorithm? I've seen that the most easy form is go to one point and when the agent has reached this point, discard it and go to the next point. I think that this approach has problems when the game has physics with dynamic objects that can block the travel between point A and point B, then the agent is taken from his original trayectory and sometimes go to the last destiny point is not the most natural behavior. In the literature always I have read that the path is only a suggestion of where the agent has to go, but I don't know how this suggested path must be followed. Thanks.

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• Frame Independent Movement

  - by ShrimpCrackers

  I've read two other threads here on movement: Time based movement Vs Frame rate based movement?, and Fixed time step vs Variable time step but I think I'm lacking a basic understanding of frame independent movement because I don't understand what either of those threads are talking about. I'm following along with lazyfoo's SDL tutorials and came upon the frame independent lesson. http://lazyfoo.net/SDL_tutorials/lesson32/index.php I'm not sure what the movement part of the code is trying to say but I think it's this (please correct me if I'm wrong): In order to have frame independent movement, we need to find out how far an object (ex. sprite) moves within a certain time frame, for example 1 second. If the dot moves at 200 pixels per second, then I need to calculate how much it moves within that second by multiplying 200 pps by 1/1000 of a second. Is that right? The lesson says: "velocity in pixels per second * time since last frame in seconds. So if the program runs at 200 frames per second: 200 pps * 1/200 seconds = 1 pixel" But...I thought we were multiplying 200 pps by 1/1000th of a second. What is this business with frames per second? I'd appreciate if someone could give me a little bit more detailed explanation as to how frame independent movement works. Thank you.

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• Procedural object generation and unique identification

  - by 2080

  My question relates to procedural content generation and data management of the emerging objects in a database. I assume a networked game, with a server-client model. Unspecified objects in the game world are generated while the game is running with procedural algorithms (for example perlin noise). The players (/clients) can modify the properties of these objects, but have to notify the server of these changes. How could this communication address unique objects, so that both the server and the client know of which object they are speaking? Not only the inner properties of the objects can differ, but also visible, such as the position. When the player wants to select one of these objects the game has to find out the id - does anyone know which methods or algorithms can accomplish that?

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• How to attach an object to a rotating circle?

  - by armands

  I am trying to make an object get attached on a collision point to a circle that is rotating, but the player needs to get attached with a constant point on the player. For example the player is moving back and forth and when the user touches the screen and the player jumps up but what I need is that when the player collides with the circle it attaches it's legs to it and continues rotating with the circle. So I wanted to know how to make this kind of collision joint in Cocos2d Box2d?

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• How to utilize miniMax algorrithm in Checkers game

  - by engineer

  I am sorry...as there are too many articles about it.But I can't simple get this. I am confused in the implementation of AI. I have generated all possible moves of computer's type pieces. Now I can't decide the flow. Whether I need to start a loop for the possible moves of each piece and assign score to it.... or something else is to be done. Kindly tell me the proper flow/algorithm for this. Thanks

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• Texture artifacts on iPad

  - by MrDatabase

  I'm porting an iPhone game to the iPad. When I move textures "quickly" (5.0 pixels every update at a rate of 60 Hz) I start to see little "artifacts" or remnants of where the texture used to be. I'm not sure if I know the correct terminology for this... imagine a texture at some location on the screen... then next to it is the same texture but faded a bit... then the same texture again just faded a bit more. I'm using CADisplayLink to drive my update loop if that helps. Also I didn't see this issue on the 3G or the iPhone 4. Any ideas? Cheers!

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• Map format for 3d open world

  - by Pacha

  I am making an open world 3d platformer in Ogre3D, and I have no idea on what kind of 3d map file format I should use for it. I want to make low-polygon blocky-style objects. Probably rectangles and other geometrical figures that don't have circular edges. Some of those blocks will have properties, like climbable or they might move. I was wondering what would be the best thing to do to make the map (just one level, as it is open).

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• exact point on a rotating sphere

  - by nkint

  I have a sphere that represents the Earth textured with real pictures. It's rotating around the x axis, and when user click down it has to show me the exact place he clicked on. For example if he clicked on Singapore the system should be able to: understand that user clicked on the sphere (OK, I'll do it with unProject) understand where user clicked on the sphere (ray-sphere collision?) and take into account the rotation transform sphere-coordinate to some coordinate system good for some web-api service ask to api (OK, this is the simpler thing for me ;-) some advice?

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• How do I go from a simple html5 tic tac toe game to an online 2 player game?

  - by phi1o

  I've been working on an online 2 player Tic Tac Toe solution for blackberries. both old and new. And so far I have html5 code that has a 3 x 3 layout that switches between x and o for the game mechanics. I believe I'm still missing a check for win function but my question is about the server side of this game. I'm not sure how to go about learning what exactly I want. how do you take what I have now, and make this into a functioning online game? I've been told WAMP is a good solution, as well as IIS. and its all really over my head, so i'm hoping to get a little more clarity as far as what I should focus on to bring this game to life.

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• How to avoid game objects accidentally deleting themselves in C++

  - by Tom Dalling

  Let's say my game has a monster that can kamikaze explode on the player. Let's pick a name for this monster at random: a Creeper. So, the Creeper class has a method that looks something like this: void Creeper::kamikaze() { EventSystem::postEvent(ENTITY_DEATH, this); Explosion* e = new Explosion; e->setLocation(this->location()); this->world->addEntity(e); } The events are not queued, they get dispatched immediately. This causes the Creeper object to get deleted somewhere inside the call to postEvent. Something like this: void World::handleEvent(int type, void* context) { if(type == ENTITY_DEATH){ Entity* ent = dynamic_cast<Entity*>(context); removeEntity(ent); delete ent; } } Because the Creeper object gets deleted while the kamikaze method is still running, it will crash when it tries to access this->location(). One solution is to queue the events into a buffer and dispatch them later. Is that the common solution in C++ games? It feels like a bit of a hack, but that might just be because of my experience with other languages with different memory management practices. In C++, is there a better general solution to this problem where an object accidentally deletes itself from inside one of its methods?

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• How do I implement Unreal-like object serialization?

  - by MrWiggels

  Recently, I've been working on the core of my engine, and as I'm moving forward I find myself developing throwaway code to read files and simple data into the engine. This got me thinking about how I should implement a file management system. After a bit of googleing I came across the Unreal Package format, and boy does it look like the perfect one. I think it's good because the way how it allows you to separate different assets into different packages and allow something like a level to reference the different packages. I was just wondering, is this possible with C#? Because the built-in serialization API in .NET does not seem to support any form of this, only reading and writing to a single file.

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• In concept how is Animation done?

  - by sharethis

  The first approaches in animation for my game relied mostly on sine and cosine functions with the time as parameter. As a jump a perfect sine function is acceptable but for motions of arms, weapons or face it would look quite unnatural. Moreover patching every animation out of sine and cosine is stretched to its limits soon. I head of skeletons and rigging already. Although I could not implement skeletal animations I can't imagine that quite natural animations in major games are made of static predefined motion states. So how in general is animation done today?

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• Calculate velocity of a bullet ricocheting on a circle

  - by SteveL

  I made a picture to demostrate what I need,basecaly I have a bullet with velocity and I want it to bounce with the correct angle after it hits a circle Solved(look the accepted answer for explain): Vector.vector.set(bullet.vel); //->v Vector.vector2.setDirection(pos, bullet.pos); //->n normal from center of circle to bullet float dot=Vector.vector.dot(Vector.vector2); //->dot product Vector.vector2.mul(dot).mul(2); Vector.vector.sub(Vector.vector2); Vector.vector.y=-Vector.vector.y; //->for some reason i had to invert the y bullet.vel.set(Vector.vector);

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• How do you get the total asset size (or total resource size) in an Android game?

  - by tom_mai78101

  In an Android Java project, there are two folders, asset and res. To me, I usually put some stuffs, like PNG files, sound files, etc. in either one of the two folder. When resources are increasingly becoming more and more in those folders, the time it takes to load them will increase. Therefore, a loading screen is a must in these situation. The total size is to be used in a loading screen, so that I can guess the average time it takes to load each resources, from 0 bytes to its individual resource file size. I only know that by adding all individual sizes in a respective order, I will then obtain the total asset or res folder size, simply by adding them up. So, when it comes to getting the total file size from either folder, how do you obtain their individual resource/object sizes, respectively? Thanks in advance.

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• How to cover the widest range of computers when publishing?

  - by DevilWithin

  When you plan a game, or even when you already made a game, and its time to publish, you wonder how much of your audience is covered by the game technology demands. I'm directing this essentialy to casual games, as I constantly see people having old laptops and being unable to replace them. Laptops with integrated cards whose OpenGL version doesn't even support textures larger than 1024x1024. These people may be avid gamers as well, and a reasonable share of the audience to consider giving them the chance to play casual games, once they cannot play any blockbusters. As I've seen happening, a very "noticeable" example is Angry Birds. It's gameplay is merely casual (I think nobody disagrees here) and still, it uses so high resolution textures that at least OpenGL 2.0 or around is needed, which blocks away a lot of people. So, the actual question is: what is a good tradeoff for this issue? Would it be better to just sacrifice the texture resolution for everyone, but have more supported hardware? Would it be better to keep the high quality and just slice the textures into smaller ones, sacrificing the performance a little bit? What else? Any ideas about this topic are welcome for discussion.

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• Opengl-es picking object

  - by lacas

  I saw a lot of picking code opengl-es, but nothing worked. Can someone give me what am I missing? My code is (from tutorials/forums) Vec3 far = Camera.getPosition(); Vec3 near = Shared.opengl().getPickingRay(ev.getX(), ev.getY(), 0); Vec3 direction = far.sub(near); direction.normalize(); Log.e("direction", direction.x+" "+direction.y+" "+direction.z); Ray mouseRay = new Ray(near, direction); for (int n=0; n<ObjectFactory.objects.size(); n++) { if (ObjectFactory.objects.get(n)!=null) { IObject obj = ObjectFactory.objects.get(n); float discriminant, b; float radius=0.1f; b = -mouseRay.getOrigin().dot(mouseRay.getDirection()); discriminant = b * b - mouseRay.getOrigin().dot(mouseRay.getOrigin()) + radius*radius; discriminant = FloatMath.sqrt(discriminant); double x1 = b - discriminant; double x2 = b + discriminant; Log.e("asd", obj.getName() + " "+discriminant+" "+x1+" "+x2); } } my camera vectors: //cam Vec3 position =new Vec3(-obj.getPosX()+x, obj.getPosZ()-0.3f, obj.getPosY()+z); Vec3 direction =new Vec3(-obj.getPosX(), obj.getPosZ(), obj.getPosY()); Vec3 up =new Vec3(0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f); Camera.set(position, direction, up); and my picking code: public Vec3 getPickingRay(float mouseX, float mouseY, float mouseZ) { int[] viewport = getViewport(); float[] modelview = getModelView(); float[] projection = getProjection(); float winX, winY; float[] position = new float[4]; winX = (float)mouseX; winY = (float)Shared.screen.width - (float)mouseY; GLU.gluUnProject(winX, winY, mouseZ, modelview, 0, projection, 0, viewport, 0, position, 0); return new Vec3(position[0], position[1], position[2]); } My camera moving all the time in 3d space. and my actors/modells moving too. my camera is following one actor/modell and the user can move the camera on a circle on this model. How can I change the above code to working?

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• Why the clip space in OpenGL has 4 dimensions?

  - by user827992

  I will use this as a generic reference, but the more i browser online docs and books, the less i understand about this. const float vertexPositions[] = { 0.75f, 0.75f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.75f, -0.75f, 0.0f, 1.0f, -0.75f, -0.75f, 0.0f, 1.0f, }; in this online book there is an example about how to draw the first and classic hello world for OpenGL about making a triangle. The vertex structure for the triangle is declared as stated in the code above. The book, as all the other sources about this, stress the point that the Clip Space is a 4D structure that is used to basically decide what will be rasterized and rendered to the screen. Here I have my questions: i can't imagine something in 4D, i don't think that a human can do that, what is a 4D for this Clip space ? the most human-readable doc that i have read speaks about a camera, which is just an abstraction over the clipping concept, and i get that, the problem is, why not using the concept of a camera in the first place which is a more familiar 3D structure? The only problem with the concept of a camera is that you need to define the prospective in other way and so you basically have to add another statement about what kind of camera you wish to have. How i'm supposed to read this 0.75f, 0.75f, 0.0f, 1.0f ? All i get is that they are all float values and i get the meaning of the first 3 values, what does it mean the last one?

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• Calculating a child object's Position, Rotation and Scale values?

  - by Sergio Plascencia

  I am making my own game editor, but have encountered the following problem: I have two objects, A and B. A's initial values: Position: (3,3,3), Rotation: (45,10,0), Scale(1,2,2.5) B's initial values: Position: (1,1,1), Rotation: (10,34,18), Scale(1.5,2,1) If I now make B a child of A, I need to re-calculate the B's Position, Rotation and Scale relative to A such that it maintains its current position, rotation and scale in world coordinates. So B's position would now be (-2, -2, -2) since now A is its center and (-2, -2, -2) will keep B in the same position. I think I got the Position and scale figured out, but not rotation. So I opened Unity and ran the same example and I noticed that when making a child object, the child object did not move at all. but had its Position, Rotation and Scale values changed relative to the parent. For example: Unity (Parent Object "A"): Position: (0,0,0) Rotation: (45,10,0) Scale: (1,1,1) Unity (Child Object "B"): Position: (0,0,0) Rotation: (0,0,0) Scale: (1,1,1) When B becomes a child of A, it's rotation values become: X: -44.13605 Y: -14.00195 Z: 9.851074 If I plug the same rotation values into the B object in my editor, the object does not move at all. How did Unity arrive at those rotation values for the child? What are the calculations? If you can put all the equations for the Position, Rotation or Scale then I can double check I am doing it correctly but the Rotation is what I really need.

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• Architecture a for a central renderer rather than self-rendering

  - by The Communist Duck

  For the architectural side of rendering, there's two main ways: having each object render itself, and having a single renderer which renders everything. I'm currently aiming for the second idea, for the following reasons: The list can be sorted to only use shaders once. Else each object would have to bind the shader, because it's not sure if it's active. The objects could be sorted and grouped. Easier to swap APIs. With a few macro lines, it can be easy to swap between a DirectX renderer and an OpenGL renderer (not a reason for my project, but still a good point) Easier to manage rendering code Of course, if anyone has strong recommendations for the first method, I will listen to them. But I was wondering how make this work. First idea The renderer has a list of pointers to the renderable components of each entity, which register themselves on RenderCompoent creation. However, I'm worrying that this may end up as a lot of extra pointer weight. But I can sort the list of pointers every so often. Second idea The entire list of entities is passed to the renderer each render call. The renderer then sorts the list (each call, or maybe once?) and gets what it wants. That's a lot of passing and/or sorting, however. Other ideas ??? PROFIT Anyone got ideas? Thank you.

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• Recasting and Drawing in SDL

  - by user1078123

  I have some code that essentially draws a column on the screen of a wall in a raycasting-type 3d engine. I am trying to optimize it, as it takes about 10 milliseconds do draw a million pixels using this, and the vast majority of game time is spent in this loop. However, I don't quite understand what's occurring, particularly the recasting (I modified the "pixel manipulation" sample code from the SDL documentation). "canvas" is the surface I am drawing to, and "hello" is the surface containing the texture for the column. int c = (curcol)* canvas->format->BytesPerPixel; void *canvaspixels = canvas->pixels; Uint16 texpitch = hello->pitch; int lim = (drawheight +startdraw) * canvpitch +c + (int) canvaspixels; Uint8 *k = (Uint8 *)hello->pixels + (hit)* hello->format->BytesPerPixel; for (int j= (startdraw)*(canvpitch)+c + (int) canvaspixels; (j< lim); j+= canvpitch){ Uint8 *q = (Uint8 *) ((int(h))*(texpitch)+k); *(Uint32 *)j = *(Uint32 *)q; h += s; } We have void pointers (not sure how those are even represented), 8, 16, and 32 bit ints (h and s are floats), all being intermingled, and while it works, it is quite confusing.

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• How should I handle "real time" events in an online strategy game?

  - by Hojat Taheri

  Some online strategy games have real time events. For example when you send troops to attack somewhere, the attack happens at the right time in the future. Checking the database again and again to get the list of attacks happening each second would cause heavy load. Is there any technique to achieve this goal? Another example: You want to attack a village 3 hours away, you send troops and the attack occurs 3 hours later. Should there be an script to check the database at each second to run the query at the specified time?

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• XNA hlsl tex2D() only reads 3 channels from normal maps and specular maps

  - by cubrman

  Our engine uses deferred rendering and at the main draw phase gathers plenty of data from the objects it draws. In order to save on tex2D calls, we packed our objects' specular maps with all sorts of data, so three out of four channels are already taken. To make it clear: I am talking about the assets that come with the models and are stored in their material's Specular Level channel, not about the RenderTarget. So now I need another information to be stored in the alpha channel, but I cannot make the shader to read it properly! Nomatter what I write into alpha it ends up being 1 (255)! I tried: saving the textures in PNG/TGA formats. turning off pre-computed alpha in model's properties. Out of every texture available to me (we use Diffuse map, Normal Map and Specular Map) I was only able to read alpha successfully from the Diffuse Map! Here is how I add specular and normal maps to my model's material in the content processor: if (geometry.Material.Textures.ContainsKey(normalMapKey)) { ExternalReference<TextureContent> texRef = geometry.Material.Textures[normalMapKey]; geometry.Material.Textures.Remove("NormalMap"); geometry.Material.Textures.Add("NormalMap", texRef); } ... foreach (KeyValuePair<String, ExternalReference<TextureContent>> texture in material.Textures) { if ((texture.Key == "Texture") || (texture.Key == "NormalMap") || (texture.Key == "SpecularMap")) mat.Textures.Add(texture.Key, texture.Value); } In the shader I obviously use: float4 data = tex2D(specularMapSampler, TexCoords); so data.a is always 1 in my case, could you suggest a reason?

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