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  • SQL Server 2005 database design - many-to-many relationships with hierarchy

    - by Remnant
    Note I have completely re-written my original post to better explain the issue I am trying to understand. I have tried to generalise the problem as much as possible. Also, my thanks to the original people who responded. Hopefully this post makes things a little clearer. Context In short, I am struggling to understand the best way to design a small scale database to handle (what I perceive to be) multiple many-to-many relationships. Imagine the following scenario for a company organisational structure: Textile Division Marketing Division | | ---------------------- ---------------------- | | | | HR Dept Finance Dept HR Dept Finance Dept | | | | ---------- ---------- ---------- --------- | | | | | | | | Payroll Hiring Audit Tax Payroll Hiring Audit Accounts | | | | | | | | Emps Emps Emps Emps Emps Emps Emps Emps NB: Emps denotes a list of employess that work in that area When I first started with this issue I made four separate tables: Divisions - Textile, Marketing (PK = DivisionID) Departments - HR, Finance (PK = DeptID) Functions - Payroll, Hiring, Audit, Tax, Accounts (PK = FunctionID) Employees - List of all Employees (PK = EmployeeID) The problem as I see it is that there are multiple many-to-many relationships i.e. many departments have many divisions and many functions have many departments. Question Giving the database structure above, suppose I wanted to do the following: Get all employees who work in the Payroll function of the Marketing Division To do this I need to be able to differentiate between the two Payroll departments but I am not sure how this can be done? I understand that I could build a 'Link / Junction' table between Departments and Functions so that I can retrieve which Functions are in which Departments. However, I would still need to differentiate the Division they belong to. Research Effort As you can see I am an abecedarian when it comes to database deisgn. I have spent the last two days resaerching this issue, traversing nested set models, adjacency models, reading that this issue is known not to be NP complete etc. I am sure there is a simple solution?

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  • Convincing Management to use WCF

    - by Kyle Rozendo
    Hi All, I asked another question, stating that the I am unable to use WCF in a new Web Service project and have come to see that it seems to be the technology to use in regards to extensibility and security. My question is a simple one: How can I persuade management (and developers for that matter) to move over to using WCF as opposed to other web service technologies (ASMX/CFC)? They won't be concerned with a comparison between the types (especially with regard to ASMX), simply what there is to gain. Thanks for your time, Kyle

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  • Servlet/JSP Flow Control: Enums, Exceptions, or Something Else?

    - by Christopher Parker
    I recently inherited an application developed with bare servlets and JSPs (i.e.: no frameworks). I've been tasked with cleaning up the error-handling workflow. Currently, each <form> in the workflow submits to a servlet, and based on the result of the form submission, the servlet does one of two things: If everything is OK, the servlet either forwards or redirects to the next page in the workflow. If there's a problem, such as an invalid username or password, the servlet forwards to a page specific to the problem condition. For example, there are pages such as AccountDisabled.jsp, AccountExpired.jsp, AuthenticationFailed.jsp, SecurityQuestionIncorrect.jsp, etc. I need to redesign this system to centralize how problem conditions are handled. So far, I've considered two possible solutions: Exceptions Create an exception class specific to my needs, such as AuthException. Inherit from this class to be more specific when necessary (e.g.: InvalidUsernameException, InvalidPasswordException, AccountDisabledException, etc.). Whenever there's a problem condition, throw an exception specific to the condition. Catch all exceptions via web.xml and route them to the appropriate page(s) with the <error-page> tag. enums Adopt an error code approach, with an enum keeping track of the error code and description. The descriptions can be read from a resource bundle in the finished product. I'm leaning more toward the enum approach, as an authentication failure isn't really an "exceptional condition" and I don't see any benefit in adding clutter to the server logs. Plus, I'd just be replacing one maintenance headache with another. Instead of separate JSPs to maintain, I'd have separate Exception classes. I'm planning on implementing "error" handling in a servlet that I'm writing specifically for this purpose. I'm also going to eliminate all of the separate error pages, instead setting an error request attribute with the error message to display to the user and forwarding back to the referrer. Each target servlet (Logon, ChangePassword, AnswerProfileQuestions, etc.) would add an error code to the request and redirect to my new servlet in the event of a problem. My new servlet would look something like this: public enum Error { INVALID_PASSWORD(5000, "You have entered an invalid password."), ACCOUNT_DISABLED(5002, "Your account has been disabled."), SESSION_EXPIRED(5003, "Your session has expired. Please log in again."), INVALID_SECURITY_QUESTION(5004, "You have answered a security question incorrectly."); private final int code; private final String description; Error(int code, String description) { this.code = code; this.description = description; } public int getCode() { return code; } public String getDescription() { return description; } }; protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { String sendTo = "UnknownError.jsp"; String message = "An unknown error has occurred."; int errorCode = Integer.parseInt((String)request.getAttribute("errorCode"), 10); Error errors[] = Error.values(); Error error = null; for (int i = 0; error == null && i < errors.length; i++) { if (errors[i].getCode() == errorCode) { error = errors[i]; } } if (error != null) { sendTo = request.getHeader("referer"); message = error.getDescription(); } request.setAttribute("error", message); request.getRequestDispatcher(sendTo).forward(request, response); } protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { doGet(request, response); } Being fairly inexperienced with Java EE (this is my first real exposure to JSPs and servlets), I'm sure there's something I'm missing, or my approach is suboptimal. Am I on the right track, or do I need to rethink my strategy?

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  • Is Ogre's use of Exceptions a good way of using them?

    - by identitycrisisuk
    I've managed to get through my C++ game programming career so far virtually never touching exceptions but recently I've been working on a project with the Ogre engine and I'm trying to learn properly. I've found a lot of good questions and answers here on the general usage of C++ exceptions but I'd like to get some outside opinions from here on whether Ogre's usage is good and how best to work with them. To start with, quoting from Ogre's documentation of it's own Exception class: OGRE never uses return values to indicate errors. Instead, if an error occurs, an exception is thrown, and this is the object that encapsulates the detail of the problem. The application using OGRE should always ensure that the exceptions are caught, so all OGRE engine functions should occur within a try{} catch(Ogre::Exception& e) {} block. Really? Every single Ogre function could throw an exception and be wrapped in a try/catch block? At present this is handled in our usage of it by a try/catch in main that will show a message box with the exception description before exiting. This can be a bit awkward for debugging though as you don't get a stack trace, just the function that threw the error - more important is the function from our code that called the Ogre function. If it was an assert in Ogre code then it would go straight to the code in the debugger and I'd be able to find out what's going on much easier - I don't know if I'm missing something that would allow me to debug exceptions already? I'm starting to add a few more try/catch blocks in our code now, generally thinking about whether it matters if the Ogre function throws an exception. If it's something that will stop everything working then let the main try/catch handle it and exit the program. If it's not of great importance then catch it just after the function call and let the program continue. One recent example of this was building up a vector of the vertex/fragment program parameters for materials applied to an entity - if a material didn't have any parameters then it would throw an exception, which I caught and then ignored as it didn't need to add to my list of parameters. Does this seem like a reasonable way of dealing with things? Any specific advice for working with Ogre is much appreciated.

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  • Metaprograming - self explanatory code - tutorials, articles, books

    - by elena
    Hello everybody, I am looking into improving my programming skils (actually I try to do my best to suck less each year, as our Jeff Atwood put it), so I was thinking into reading stuff about metaprogramming and self explanatory code. I am looking for something like an idiot's guide to this (free books for download, online resources). Also I want more than your average wiki page and also something language agnostic or preferably with Java examples. Do you know of such resources that will allow to efficiently put all of it into prectice (I know experience has a lot to say in all of this but i kind of want to build experience avoiding the flow bad decitions - experience - good decitions)? Thank you!

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  • Recommendations for 'C' Project architecture guidlines?

    - by SiegeX
    Now that I got my head wrapped around the 'C' language to a point where I feel proficient enough to write clean code, I'd like to focus my attention on project architecture guidelines. I'm looking for a good resource that coves the following topics: How to create an interface that promotes code maintainability and is extensible for future upgrades. Library creation guidelines. Example, when should I consider using static vs dynamic libraries. How to properly design an ABI to cope with either one. Header files: what to partition out and when. Examples on when to use 1:1 vs 1:many .h to .c Anything you feel I missed but is important when attempting to architect a new C project. Ideally, I'd like to see some example projects ranging from small to large and see how the architecture changes depending on project size, function or customer. What resource(s) would you recommend for such topics? Thanks

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  • Variable naming for arrays - C#

    - by David Neale
    What should I call a variable instantiated with some type of array? Is it okay to simply use a pluralised form of the type being held? IList<Person> people = new List<Person>(); or should I append something like 'List' to the name? IList<Person> personList = new List<Person>();

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  • How can I write classes that don't rely on "global" variables?

    - by Joel
    When I took my first programming course in university, we were taught that global variables were evil & should be avoided at all cost (since you can quickly develop confusing and unmaintainable code). The following year, we were taught object oriented programming, and how to create modular code using classes. I find that whenever I work with OOP, I use my classes' private variables as global variables, i.e., they can be (and are) read and modified by any function within the class. This isn't really sitting right with me, as it seems to introduce the same problems global variables had in languages like C. So I guess my question is, how do I stop writing classes with "global" variables? Would it make more sense to pretend I'm writing in a functional language? By this I mean having all functions take parameters & return values instead of directly modifying class variables. If I need to set any fields, I can just take the output of the function and assign it instead of having the function do it directly. This seems like it might make more maintainable code, at least for larger classes. What's common practice? Thanks!

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  • Objective C selector memory managment (does this leak memory)?

    - by James Jones
    - (IBAction) someButtonCall { if(!someCondition) { someButtonCallBack = @selector(someButtonCall); [self presentModalViewController:someController animated:YES]; } else ... } //Called from someController - (void) someControllerFinished:(BOOL) ok { [self dismissModalViewControllerAnimated:YES]; if(ok) [self performSelector:someButtonCallBack]; else ... } I'm wondering if the user keeps getting into the !someCondition clause if the selector is leaked by assigning a new selector each time (the code above is hypothetical and not what i'm doing). Any help is appreciated. Thanks, James Jones

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  • Why can I access private/protected methods using Object#send in Ruby?

    - by smotchkkiss
    The class class A private def foo puts :foo end public def bar puts :bar end private def zim puts :zim end protected def dib puts :dib end end instance of A a = A.new test a.foo rescue puts :fail a.bar rescue puts :fail a.zim rescue puts :fail a.dib rescue puts :fail a.gaz rescue puts :fail test output fail bar fail fail fail .send test [:foo, :bar, :zim, :dib, :gaz].each { |m| a.send(m) rescue puts :fail } .send output foo bar zim dib fail The question The section labeled "Test Output" is the expected result. So why can I access private/protected method by simply Object#send? Perhaps more important: What is the difference between public/private/protected in Ruby? When to use each? Can someone provide real world examples for private and protected usage?

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  • Advice on displaying and allowing editing of data using ASP.NET MVC?

    - by Remnant
    I am embarking upon my first ASP.NET MVC project and I would like to get some input on possible ways to display database data and general best practice. In short, the body of my webpage will show data from my database in a table like format, with each table row showing similar data. For example: Name Age Position Date Joined Jon Smith 23 Striker 18th Mar 2005 John Doe 38 Defender 3rd Jan 1988 In terms of functionality, primarily I’d like to give the user the ability to edit the data and, after the edit, commit the edit to the database and refresh the view.The reason I want to refresh the view is because the data is date ordered and I will need to re-sort if the user edits a date field. My main question is what architecture / tools would be best suited to this fulfil my requirements at a high level? From the research I have done so far my initial conclusions were: ADO.NET for data retrieval. This is something I have used before and feel comfortable with. I like the look of LINQ to SQL but don’t want to make the learning curve any steeper for my first outing into MVC land just yet. Partial Views to create a template and then iterate through a datatable that I have pulled back from my database model. jQuery to allow the user to edit data in the table, error check edited data entries etc. Also, my intial view was that caching the data would not be a key requirement here. The only field a user will be able to update is the field and, if they do, I will need to commit that data to the database immediately and then refresh the view (as the data is date sorted). Any thoughts on this? Alternatively, I have seen some jQuery plug-ins that emulate a datagrid and provide associated functionality. My first thoughts are that I do not need all the functionality that comes with these plug-ins (e.g. zebra striping, ability to sort by column using sort glyph in column headers etc .) and I don’t really see any benefit to this over and above the solution I have outlined above. Again, is there reason to reconsider this view? Finally, when a user edits a date , I will need to refresh the view. In order to do this I had been reading about Html.RenderAction and this seemed like it may be a better option than using Partial Views as I can incorporate application logic into the action method. Am I right to consider Html.RenderAction or have I misunderstood its usage? Hope this post is clear and not too long. I did consider separate posts for each topic (e.g. Partial View vs. Html.RenderAction, when to use jQury datagrid plug-in) but it feels like these issues are so intertwined that they need to be dealt with in contect of each other. Thanks

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  • Declaring data types in SQLite

    - by dan04
    I'm familiar with how type affinity works in SQLite: You can declare column types as anything you want, and all that matters is whether the type name contains "INT", "CHAR", "FLOA", etc. But is there a commonly-used convention on what type names to use? For example, if you have an integer column, is it better to distinguish between TINYINT, SMALLINT, MEDIUMINT, and BIGINT, or just declare everything as INTEGER? So far, I've been using the following: INTEGER REAL CHAR(n) -- for strings with a known fixed with VARCHAR(n) -- for strings with a known maximum width TEXT -- for all other strings BLOB BOOLEAN DATE -- string in "YYYY-MM-DD" format TIME -- string in "HH:MM:SS" format TIMESTAMP -- string in "YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS" format (Note that the last three are contrary to the type affinity.)

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  • Reference for proper handling of PID file on Unix

    - by bignose
    Where can I find a well-respected reference that details the proper handling of PID files on Unix? On Unix operating systems, it is common practice to “lock” a program (often a daemon) by use of a special lock file: the PID file. This is a file in a predictable location, often ‘/var/run/foo.pid’. The program is supposed to check when it starts up whether the PID file exists and, if the file does exist, exit with an error. So it's a kind of advisory, collaborative locking mechanism. The file contains a single line of text, being the numeric process ID (hence the name “PID file”) of the process that currently holds the lock; this allows an easy way to automate sending a signal to the process that holds the lock. What I can't find is a good reference on expected or “best practice” behaviour for handling PID files. There are various nuances: how to actually lock the file (don't bother? use the kernel? what about platform incompatibilities?), handling stale locks (silently delete them? when to check?), when exactly to acquire and release the lock, and so forth. Where can I find a respected, most-authoritative reference (ideally on the level of W. Richard Stevens) for this small topic?

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  • Removing duplicates without overriding hash method

    - by Javi
    Hello, I have a List which contains a list of objects and I want to remove from this list all the elements which have the same values in two of their attributes. I had though about doing something like this: List<Class1> myList; .... Set<Class1> mySet = new HashSet<Class1>(); mySet.addAll(myList); and overriding hash method in Class1 so it returns a number which depends only in the attributes I want to consider. The problem is that I need to do a different filtering in another part of the application so I can't override hash method in this way (I would need two different hash methods). What's the most efficient way of doing this filtering without overriding hash method? Thanks

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  • Makefiles - Compile all .cpp files in src/ to .o's in obj/, then link to binary in /

    - by Austin Hyde
    So, my project directory looks like this: /project Makefile main /src main.cpp foo.cpp foo.h bar.cpp bar.h /obj main.o foo.o bar.o What I would like my makefile to do would be to compile all .cpp files in the /src folder to .o files in the /obj folder, then link all the .o files in /obj into the output binary in the root folder /project. The problem is, I have next to no experience with Makefiles, and am not really sure what to search for to accomplish this. Also, is this a "good" way to do this, or is there a more standard approach to what I'm trying to do?

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  • To HTML 5 or not HTML 5 ?

    - by ZX12R
    I am a designer whose main marketing strategy is multi browser compatibility. I assure my clients that the site will work even in IE6 (!). Of late i have been pondering over the question of moving to HTML 5. The reason behind my apprehension is that IE6 is still a major player in terms of market share and i don't want to lose it. Is there any way of moving to HTML 5 and still promise multi browser compatibility? Thank you.

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  • What version numbering scheme to use?

    - by deamon
    I'm looking for a version numbering scheme that expresses the extent of change, especially compatiblity. Apache APR, for example, use the well known version numbering scheme <major>.<minor>.<patch> example: 4.5.11 Maven suggests a similar but more detailed schema: <major>.<minor>.<patch>-<qualifier>-<build number> example: 4.5.11-RC1-3732 Where is the Maven versioning scheme defined? Are there conventions for qualifier and build number? Probably it is a bad idea to use maven but not to follow the Maven version scheme ... What other version numbering schemes do you know? What scheme would you prefer and why?

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  • Recommended (remote) backup technique for SQL Compact?

    - by Cool Jon
    Hello. Is there a generally recommended approach to backing up an SQL CE/SQLite database over the Internet? The client source is .NET/Windows based, the backup destination runs Ubuntu. I am using a small SQL CE database and have been trying to figure out the most reasonable approach to doing this. The file size (in terms of transfer time/bandwidth) isn't a big deal. I had a look around, and so far the things I've given thought are: Online backup services (Dropbox, Mozy) Opening an FTP/SFTP connection Writing a custom protocol with public/private keys Unsure regarding #1 because I doubt they would like it if somebody transferred gigabytes of data using a POST; and they do not seem to offer native (or .NET) APIs. FTP/SFTP seems risky in terms of security and privileges (as the password/key would need to be stored on the client side). With the right user group/user privileges this may work. Custom protocol seems overkill, which is why I am hoping somebody has already defined a reasonable API for language/platform-independent backups over the Internet. Any hints S.O.?

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  • Fluent API Style Usage

    - by Chris Dwyer
    When programming against a fluent API, I've seen the style mostly like this: var obj = objectFactory.CreateObject() .SetObjectParameter(paramName, value) .SetObjectParameter(paramName, value) .DoSomeTransformation(); What is the reasoning behind putting the dot at the beginning of the line instead of the end of the line like this: var obj = objectFactory.CreateObject(). SetObjectParameter(paramName, value). SetObjectParameter(paramName, value). DoSomeTransformation(); Or, is it merely a style thing that a team makes a consensus on?

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  • Best practice for submits redirecting to another page in MVC2?

    - by blesh
    I have a situation with my MVC2 app where I have multiple pages that need to submit different information, but all need to end up at the same page. In my old Web Forms app, I'd have just accomplished this in my btnSave_Click delegate with a Redirect. There are three different types of products, each of which need to be saved to the cart in a completely different manner from their completely different product pages. I'm not going to get into why or how they're different, just suffice to say, they're totally different. After they're saved to the cart, I need to "redirect" to the Checkout view. But it should be noted, that you can also just browse straight to the Checkout view without having to submit any products to add to the cart. Here's a diagram of what I'm trying to accomplish, and how I think I need to handle it: Is this correct? It seems like a common scenario, but I haven't seen any examples of how I should handle this. Thank you all in advance.

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  • pointer as second argument instead of returning pointer?

    - by Tyler
    I noticed that it is a common idiom in C to accept an un-malloced pointer as a second argument instead of returning a pointer. Example: /*function prototype*/ void create_node(node_t* new_node, void* _val, int _type); /* implementation */ node_t* n; create_node(n, &someint, INT) Instead of /* function prototype */ node_t* create_node(void* _val, int _type) /* implementation */ node_t* n = create_node(&someint, INT) What are the advantages and/or disadvantages of both approaches? Thanks!

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  • When to use UserControl vs. Control in Silverlight?

    - by Dov
    I'm just getting my feet wet in Silverlight, and don't really understand the differences and pros/cons of creating a UserControl vs. creating a Control for the same task (as in when you right click on a selection in Expression Blend, for instance). It seems like selecting "Make Into Control" just creates a new template for the base type you specify, whereas creating a UserControl creates a whole new base class. Is that correct? In this particular instance, I'm creating a custom text box control that only takes numbers, and divides itself into 3 sections, storing 3 values into separate properties as pictured below. In this particular case, which would be best? Update (Additional Question): Why can't I use Template Binding with a UserControl, but I can with a Control? That's one reason I thought that making a UserControl might not be the right decision.

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  • Questions on usages of sizeof

    - by Appu
    Question 1 I have a struct like, struct foo { int a; char c; }; When I say sizeof(foo), i am getting 8 on my machine. As per my understanding, 4 bytes for int, 1 byte for char and 3 bytes for padding. Is that correct? Given a struct like the above, how will I find out how many bytes will be added as padding? Question 2 I am aware that sizeof can be used to calculate the size of an array. Mostly I have seen the usage like (foos is an array of foo) sizeof(foos)/sizeof(*foos) But I found that the following will also give same result. sizeof(foos) / sizeof(foo) Is there any difference in these two? Which one is preffered? Question 3 Consider the following statement. foo foos[] = {10,20,30}; When I do sizeof(foos) / sizeof(*foos), it gives 2. But the array has 3 elements. If I change the statement to foo foos[] = {{10},{20},{30}}; it gives correct result 3. Why is this happening? Any thoughts..

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