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  • Interface vs Abstract Class (general OO)

    - by Kave
    Hi, I have had recently two telephone interviews where I've been asked about the differences between an Interface and an Abstract class. I have explained every aspect of them I could think of, but it seems they are waiting for me to mention something specific, and I dont know what it is. From my experience I think the following is true, if i am missing a major point please let me know: Interface: Every single Method declared in an Interface will have to be implemented in the subclass. Only Events, Delegates, Properties (C#) and Methods can exist in a Interface. A class can implement multiple Interfaces. Abstract Class Only Abstract methods have to be implemented by the subclass. An Abstract class can have normal methods with implementations. Abstract class can also have class variables beside Events, Delegates, Properties and Methods. A class can only implement one abstract class only due non-existence of Multi-inheritance in C#. 1) After all that the interviewer came up with the question What if you had an Abstract class with only abstract methods, how would that be different from an interface? I didnt know the answer but I think its the inheritance as mentioned above right? 2) An another interviewer asked me what if you had a Public variable inside the interface, how would that be different than in Abstract Class? I insisted you can't have a public variable inside an interface. I didn't know what he wanted to hear but he wasn't satisfied either. Many Thanks for clarification, Kave See Also: When to use an interface instead of an abstract class and vice versa Interfaces vs. Abstract Classes How do you decide between using an Abstract Class and an Interface?

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  • NHibernate listener/event to replace object before insert/update

    - by vIceBerg
    Hi! I have a Company class which have a collection of Address. Here's my Address class:(written top of my head): public class Address { public string Civic; public string Street; public City City; } This is the City class: public class City { public int Id; public string Name; public string SearchableName{ get { //code } } } Address is persisted in his own table and have a reference to the city's ID. City are also persisted in is own table. The City's SearchableName is used to prevent some mistakes in the city the user type. For example, if the city name is "Montréal", the searchable name will be "montreal". If the city name is "St. John", the searchable name will be "stjohn", etc. It's used mainly to to search and to prevent having multiple cities with a typo in it. When I save an address, I want an listener/event to check if the city is already in the database. If so, cancel the insert and replace the user's city with the database one. I would like the same behavior with updates. I tried this: public bool OnPreInsert(PreInsertEvent @event) { City entity = (@event.Entity as City); if (entity != null) { if (entity.Id == 0) { var city = (from c in @event.Session.Linq<City>() where c.SearchableName == entity.SearchableName select c).SingleOrDefault(); if (city != null) { //don't know what to do here return true; } } } return false; } But if there's already a City in the database, I don't know what to do. @event.Entity is readonly, if I set @event.Entity.Id, I get an "null identifier" exception. I tried to trap insert/update on Address and on Company, but the City if the first one to get inserted (it's logic...) Any thoughts? Thanks

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  • How do you refactor a large messy codebase?

    - by Ricket
    I have a big mess of code. Admittedly, I wrote it myself - a year ago. It's not well commented but it's not very complicated either, so I can understand it -- just not well enough to know where to start as far as refactoring it. I violated every rule that I have read about over the past year. There are classes with multiple responsibilities, there are indirect accesses (I forget the technical term - something like foo.bar.doSomething()), and like I said it is not well commented. On top of that, it's the beginnings of a game, so the graphics is coupled with the data, or the places where I tried to decouple graphics and data, I made the data public in order for the graphics to be able to access the data it needs... It's a huge mess! Where do I start? How would you start on something like this? My current approach is to take variables and switch them to private and then refactor the pieces that break, but that doesn't seem to be enough. Please suggest other strategies for wading through this mess and turning it into something clean so that I can continue where I left off!

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  • How much detail should be in a project plan or spec?

    - by DeanMc
    I have an issue that I feel many programmers can relate to... I have worked on many small scale projects. After my initial paper brain storm I tend to start coding. What I come up with is usually a rough working model of the actual application. I design in a disconnected fashion so I am talking about underlying code libraries, user interfaces are the last thing as the library usually dictates what is needed in the UI. As my projects get bigger I worry that so should my "spec" or design document. The above paragraph, from my investigations, is echoed all across the internet in one fashion or another. When a UI is concerned there is a bit more information but it is UI specific and does not relate to code libraries. What I am beginning to realise is that maybe code is code is code. It seems from my extensive research that there is no 1:1 mapping between a design document and the code. When I need to research a topic I dump information into OneNote and from there I prioritise features into versions and then into related chunks so that development runs in a fairly linear fashion, my tasks tend to look like so: Implement Binary File Reader Implement Binary File Writer Create Object to encapsulate Data for expression to the caller Now any programmer worth his salt is aware that between those three to do items could be a potential wall of code that could expand out to multiple files. I have tried to map the complete code process for each task but I simply don't think it can be done effectively. By the time one mangles pseudo code it is essentially code anyway so the time investment is negated. So my question is this: Am I right in assuming that the best documentation is the code itself. We are all in agreement that a high level overview is needed. How high should this be? Do you design to statement, class or concept level? What works for you?

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  • Linked list example using threads

    - by Carl_1789
    I have read the following code of using CRITICAL_SECTION when working with multiple threads to grow a linked list. what would be the main() part which uses two threads to add to linked list? #include <windows.h> typedef struct _Node { struct _Node *next; int data; } Node; typedef struct _List { Node *head; CRITICAL_SECTION critical_sec; } List; List *CreateList() { List *pList = (List*)malloc(sizeof(pList)); pList->head = NULL; InitializeCriticalSection(&pList->critical_sec); return pList; } void AddHead(List *pList, Node *node) { EnterCriticalSection(&pList->critical_sec); node->next = pList->head; pList->head = node; LeaveCriticalSection(&pList->critical_sec); } void Insert(List *pList, Node *afterNode, Node *newNode) { EnterCriticalSection(&pList->critical_sec); if (afterNode == NULL) { AddHead(pList, newNode); } else { newNode->next = afterNode->next; afterNode->next = newNode; } LeaveCriticalSection(&pList->critical_sec); } Node *Next(List *pList, Node *node) { Node* next; EnterCriticalSection(&pList->critical_sec); next = node->next; LeaveCriticalSection(&pList->critical_sec); return next; }

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  • How do I rewrite a for loop with a shared dependency using actors

    - by Thomas Rynne
    We have some code which needs to run faster. Its already profiled so we would like to make use of multiple threads. Usually I would setup an in memory queue, and have a number of threads taking jobs of the queue and calculating the results. For the shared data I would use a ConcurrentHashMap or similar. I don't really want to go down that route again. From what I have read using actors will result in cleaner code and if I use akka migrating to more than 1 jvm should be easier. Is that true? However, I don't know how to think in actors so I am not sure where to start. To give a better idea of the problem here is some sample code: case class Trade(price:Double, volume:Int, stock:String) { def value(priceCalculator:PriceCalculator) = (priceCalculator.priceFor(stock)-> price)*volume } class PriceCalculator { def priceFor(stock:String) = { Thread.sleep(20)//a slow operation which can be cached 50.0 } } object ValueTrades { def valueAll(trades:List[Trade], priceCalculator:PriceCalculator):List[(Trade,Double)] = { trades.map { trade => (trade,trade.value(priceCalculator)) } } def main(args:Array[String]) { val trades = List( Trade(30.5, 10, "Foo"), Trade(30.5, 20, "Foo") //usually much longer ) val priceCalculator = new PriceCalculator val values = valueAll(trades, priceCalculator) } } I'd appreciate it if someone with experience using actors could suggest how this would map on to actors.

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  • Cryptography: best practices for keys in memory?

    - by Johan
    Background: I got some data encrypted with AES (ie symmetric crypto) in a database. A server side application, running on a (assumed) secure and isolated Linux box, uses this data. It reads the encrypted data from the DB, and writes back encrypted data, only dealing with the unencrypted data in memory. So, in order to do this, the app is required to have the key stored in memory. The question is, is there any good best practices for this? Securing the key in memory. A few ideas: Keeping it in unswappable memory (for linux: setting SHM_LOCK with shmctl(2)?) Splitting the key over multiple memory locations. Encrypting the key. With what, and how to keep the...key key.. secure? Loading the key from file each time its required (slow and if the evildoer can read our memory, he can probably read our files too) Some scenarios on why the key might leak: evildoer getting hold of mem dump/core dump; bad bounds checking in code leading to information leakage; The first one seems like a good and pretty simple thing to do, but how about the rest? Other ideas? Any standard specifications/best practices? Thanks for any input!

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  • Same code, not the same place, different results

    - by Tom
    Hi! I'm trying to something pretty simple but I don't understand why the second bit of code is giving me a bad access error... First: - (UITableViewCell *)tableView:tableView:(UITableView *)tableView cellForRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath { static NSString *CellIdentifier = @"Cell"; UITableViewCell *cell = [tableView dequeueReusableCellWithIdentifier:CellIdentifier]; if (cell == nil) { cell = [[[UITableViewCell alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectZero reuseIdentifier:CellIdentifier] autorelease]; } // Tom: Converting the row int to a string and adding 1 to it so that the rows fit with the array indexes.) NSString *key = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%d", indexPath.row+1]; NSArray *array = [self.tableDataSource objectForKey:key]; NSLog(@"%@", key); NSLog(@"%@", [array description]); cell.textLabel.text = [array objectAtIndex:1]; return cell; } That code gives me exactly what I want: 2010-03-18 15:18:12.884 PremierSoins[28005:40b] 1 2010-03-18 15:18:12.885 PremierSoins[28005:40b] ( 7, Blessures ) 2010-03-18 15:18:12.892 PremierSoins[28005:40b] 2 2010-03-18 15:18:12.893 PremierSoins[28005:40b] ( 18, "Test 2" ) But then, the second: - (void)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView didSelectRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath { NSString *key = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%d", indexPath.row+1]; NSArray *array = [self.tableDataSource objectForKey:key]; NSLog(@"%@", key); NSLog(@"%@", [array description]); } Is only able to get me the key, but the description of the array makes it crash... tableDataSource is a NSMutableDictionary containing multiple arrays... Like this: { 1 = ( 7, Blessures ); 2 = ( 18, "Test 2" ); } Do you have any clue? I've been looking at this since yesterday... Thanks! Tom

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  • Is there a pattern for initializing objects created wth a DI container

    - by Igor Zevaka
    I am trying to get Unity to manage the creation of my objects and I want to have some initialization parameters that are not known until run-time: At the moment the only way I could think of the way to do it is to have an Init method on the interface. interface IMyIntf { void Initialize(string runTimeParam); string RunTimeParam { get; } } Then to use it (in Unity) I would do this: var IMyIntf = unityContainer.Resolve<IMyIntf>(); IMyIntf.Initialize("somevalue"); In this scenario runTimeParam param is determined at run-time based on user input. The trivial case here simply returns the value of runTimeParam but in reality the parameter will be something like file name and initialize method will do something with the file. This creates a number of issues, namely that the Initialize method is available on the interface and can be called multiple times. Setting a flag in the implementation and throwing exception on repeated call to Initialize seems way clunky. At the point where I resolve my interface I don't want to know anything about the implementation of IMyIntf. What I do want, though, is the knowledge that this interface needs certain one time initialization parameters. Is there a way to somehow annotate(attributes?) the interface with this information and pass those to framework when the object is created? Edit: Described the interface a bit more.

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  • Reverse mapping from a table to a model in SQLAlchemy

    - by Jace
    To provide an activity log in my SQLAlchemy-based app, I have a model like this: class ActivityLog(Base): __tablename__ = 'activitylog' id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True) activity_by_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey('users.id'), nullable=False) activity_by = relation(User, primaryjoin=activity_by_id == User.id) activity_at = Column(DateTime, default=datetime.utcnow, nullable=False) activity_type = Column(SmallInteger, nullable=False) target_table = Column(Unicode(20), nullable=False) target_id = Column(Integer, nullable=False) target_title = Column(Unicode(255), nullable=False) The log contains entries for multiple tables, so I can't use ForeignKey relations. Log entries are made like this: doc = Document(name=u'mydoc', title=u'My Test Document', created_by=user, edited_by=user) session.add(doc) session.flush() # See note below log = ActivityLog(activity_by=user, activity_type=ACTIVITY_ADD, target_table=Document.__table__.name, target_id=doc.id, target_title=doc.title) session.add(log) This leaves me with three problems: I have to flush the session before my doc object gets an id. If I had used a ForeignKey column and a relation mapper, I could have simply called ActivityLog(target=doc) and let SQLAlchemy do the work. Is there any way to work around needing to flush by hand? The target_table parameter is too verbose. I suppose I could solve this with a target property setter in ActivityLog that automatically retrieves the table name and id from a given instance. Biggest of all, I'm not sure how to retrieve a model instance from the database. Given an ActivityLog instance log, calling self.session.query(log.target_table).get(log.target_id) does not work, as query() expects a model as parameter. One workaround appears to be to use polymorphism and derive all my models from a base model which ActivityLog recognises. Something like this: class Entity(Base): __tablename__ = 'entities' id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True) title = Column(Unicode(255), nullable=False) edited_at = Column(DateTime, onupdate=datetime.utcnow, nullable=False) entity_type = Column(Unicode(20), nullable=False) __mapper_args__ = {'polymorphic_on': entity_type} class Document(Entity): __tablename__ = 'documents' __mapper_args__ = {'polymorphic_identity': 'document'} body = Column(UnicodeText, nullable=False) class ActivityLog(Base): __tablename__ = 'activitylog' id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True) ... target_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey('entities.id'), nullable=False) target = relation(Entity) If I do this, ActivityLog(...).target will give me a Document instance when it refers to a Document, but I'm not sure it's worth the overhead of having two tables for everything. Should I go ahead and do it this way?

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  • how to send value to the from action page from database

    - by Mayank swami
    I am creating a faq panel for there can be multiple answers for question and i want to take the answer id .because i am storing comment by answer id the problem is that how to sent the $answer_id to the comment_submit_process.php and how to recognize the answer ? $selected_ques= mysql_prep($_GET['ques']); $query = "SELECT * FROM formanswer where question_id = {$selected_ques}"; $ans= mysql_query($query); if($ans){ while($answer = mysql_fetch_array($ans)) //here is the form <form id="add-comment" action="comment_submit_process.php" > <textarea class="comment-submit-textarea" cols="78" name="comment" style="height: 64px;"></textarea> <input type="submit" name="submitbutton" value="Add Comment" class="comment-submit-button" > <br> <?php $ans_id= $answer['id']; echo $ans_id; ?> <input type="hidden" name="ques" value="<?php echo $_GET['$ans_id'] ?>" /> <span class="counter ">enter at least 15 characters</span> <span class="form-error"></span> </form> <?php }} ?>

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  • NSPredicate cause update editing to return NSFetchedResultsChangeDelete not NSFetchedResultsChangeUp

    - by Matthew Weiss
    I have predicate inside of - (NSFetchedResultsController *)fetchedResultsController in a standard way starting from the CoreDataBook example. NSPredicate *predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"state=%@ && date = %@ && date < %@", @"1",fromDate,toDate]; [fetchRequest setPredicate:predicate]; This works fine however when editing an item, it returns with NSFetchedResultsChangeDelete not Update. When the main view returns, it is missing the item. If I restart the simulator the delete was not saved and the correct editing result is shown the the predicate working correctly. case NSFetchedResultsChangeDelete: [tableView deleteRowsAtIndexPaths:[NSArray arrayWithObject:indexPath] withRowAnimation:UITableViewRowAnimationFade]; break; I can confirm the behavior by commenting out the two predicate lines ONLY and then all works as it should correctly returning with the full set after editing and calling NSFetchedResultsChangeUpdate instead of NSFetchedResultsChangeDelete. I have read http://matteocaldari.it/2009/11/multiple-contexts-controllers-delegates-and-coredata-bug who reports similar behavior but I have not found a work around to my problem. I can

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  • mysql row locking via php

    - by deezee
    I am helping a friend with a web based form that is for their business. I am trying to get it ready to handle multiple users. I have set it up so that just before the record is displayed for editing I am locking the record with the following code. $query = "START TRANSACTION;"; mysql_query($query); $query = "SELECT field FROM table WHERE ID = \"$value\" FOR UPDATE;"; mysql_query($query); (okay that is greatly simplified but that is the essence of the mysql) It does not appear to be working. However, when I go directly to mysql from the command line, logging in with the same user and execute START TRANSACTION; SELECT field FROM table WHERE ID = "40" FOR UPDATE; I can effectively block the web form from accessing record "40" and get the timeout warning. I have tried using BEGIN instead of START TRANSACTION. I have tried doing SET AUTOCOMMIT=0 first and starting the transaction after locking but I cannot seem to lock the row from the PHP code. Since I can lock the row from the command line I do not think there is a problem with how the database is set up. I am really hoping that there is some simple something that I have missed in my reading. FYI, I am developing on XAMPP version 1.7.3 which has Apache 2.2.14, MySQL 5.1.41 and PHP 5.3.1. Thanks in advance. This is my first time posting but I have gleaned alot of knowledge from this site in the past.

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  • HttpPostedFile.SaveAs() throws UnauthorizedAccessException even though the file is saved?

    - by jrummell
    I have an aspx page with multiple FileUpload controls and one Upload button. In the click handler I save the files like this: string path = "..."; for (int i = 0; i < Request.Files.Count - 1; i++) { HttpPostedFile file = Request.Files[i]; string fileName = Path.GetFileName(file.FileName); string saveAsPath = Path.Combine(path, fileName); file.SaveAs(saveAsPath); } When file.SaveAs() is called, it throws: System.Web.HttpUnhandledException: Exception of type 'System.Web.HttpUnhandledException' was thrown. --- System.UnauthorizedAccessException: Access to the path '...' is denied. at System.IO.__Error.WinIOError(Int32 errorCode, String maybeFullPath) at System.IO.FileStream.Init(String path, FileMode mode, FileAccess access, Int32 rights, Boolean useRights, FileShare share, Int32 bufferSize, FileOptions options, SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES secAttrs, String msgPath, Boolean bFromProxy) at System.IO.FileStream..ctor(String path, FileMode mode, FileAccess access, FileShare share, Int32 bufferSize, FileOptions options, String msgPath, Boolean bFromProxy) at System.IO.FileStream..ctor(String path, FileMode mode) at System.Web.HttpPostedFile.SaveAs(String filename) at Belden.Web.Intranet.Iso.Complaints.AttachmentUploader.btnUpload_Click(Object sender, EventArgs e) at System.Web.UI.WebControls.Button.OnClick(EventArgs e) at System.Web.UI.WebControls.Button.RaisePostBackEvent(String eventArgument) at System.Web.UI.Page.RaisePostBackEvent(IPostBackEventHandler sourceControl, String eventArgument) at System.Web.UI.Page.ProcessRequestMain(Boolean includeStagesBeforeAsyncPoint, Boolean includeStagesAfterAsyncPoint) --- End of inner exception stack trace --- at System.Web.UI.Page.HandleError(Exception e) at System.Web.UI.Page.ProcessRequestMain(Boolean includeStagesBeforeAsyncPoint, Boolean includeStagesAfterAsyncPoint) at System.Web.UI.Page.ProcessRequest(Boolean includeStagesBeforeAsyncPoint, Boolean includeStagesAfterAsyncPoint) at System.Web.UI.Page.ProcessRequest() at System.Web.UI.Page.ProcessRequest(HttpContext context) at ASP.departments_iso_complaints_uploadfiles_aspx.ProcessRequest(HttpContext context) at System.Web.HttpApplication.CallHandlerExecutionStep.System.Web.HttpApplication.IExecutionStep.Execute() at System.Web.HttpApplication.ExecuteStep(IExecutionStep step, Boolean& completedSynchronously) Now here's the fun part. The file is saved correctly! So why is it throwing this exception?

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  • Unity in C# for Platform Specific Implementations

    - by DxCK
    My program has heavy interaction with the operating system through Win32API functions. now i want to migrate my program to run under Mono under Linux (No wine), and this requires different implementations to the interaction with the operating system. I started designing a code that can have different implementation for difference platform and is extensible for new future platforms. public interface ISomeInterface { void SomePlatformSpecificOperation(); } [PlatformSpecific(PlatformID.Unix)] public class SomeImplementation : ISomeInterface { #region ISomeInterface Members public void SomePlatformSpecificOperation() { Console.WriteLine("From SomeImplementation"); } #endregion } public class PlatformSpecificAttribute : Attribute { private PlatformID _platform; public PlatformSpecificAttribute(PlatformID platform) { _platform = platform; } public PlatformID Platform { get { return _platform; } } } public static class PlatformSpecificUtils { public static IEnumerable<Type> GetImplementationTypes<T>() { foreach (Assembly assembly in AppDomain.CurrentDomain.GetAssemblies()) { foreach (Type type in assembly.GetTypes()) { if (typeof(T).IsAssignableFrom(type) && type != typeof(T) && IsPlatformMatch(type)) { yield return type; } } } } private static bool IsPlatformMatch(Type type) { return GetPlatforms(type).Any(platform => platform == Environment.OSVersion.Platform); } private static IEnumerable<PlatformID> GetPlatforms(Type type) { return type.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(PlatformSpecificAttribute), false) .Select(obj => ((PlatformSpecificAttribute)obj).Platform); } } class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { Type first = PlatformSpecificUtils.GetImplementationTypes<ISomeInterface>().FirstOrDefault(); } } I see two problems with this design: I can't force the implementations of ISomeInterface to have a PlatformSpecificAttribute. Multiple implementations can be marked with the same PlatformID, and i dont know witch to use in the Main. Using the first one is ummm ugly. How to solve those problems? Can you suggest another design?

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  • What's the most efficient query?

    - by Aaron Carlino
    I have a table named Projects that has the following relationships: has many Contributions has many Payments In my result set, I need the following aggregate values: Number of unique contributors (DonorID on the Contribution table) Total contributed (SUM of Amount on Contribution table) Total paid (SUM of PaymentAmount on Payment table) Because there are so many aggregate functions and multiple joins, it gets messy do use standard aggregate functions the the GROUP BY clause. I also need the ability to sort and filter these fields. So I've come up with two options: Using subqueries: SELECT Project.ID AS PROJECT_ID, (SELECT SUM(PaymentAmount) FROM Payment WHERE ProjectID = PROJECT_ID) AS TotalPaidBack, (SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT DonorID) FROM Contribution WHERE RecipientID = PROJECT_ID) AS ContributorCount, (SELECT SUM(Amount) FROM Contribution WHERE RecipientID = PROJECT_ID) AS TotalReceived FROM Project; Using a temporary table: DROP TABLE IF EXISTS Project_Temp; CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE Project_Temp (project_id INT NOT NULL, total_payments INT, total_donors INT, total_received INT, PRIMARY KEY(project_id)) ENGINE=MEMORY; INSERT INTO Project_Temp (project_id,total_payments) SELECT `Project`.ID, IFNULL(SUM(PaymentAmount),0) FROM `Project` LEFT JOIN `Payment` ON ProjectID = `Project`.ID GROUP BY 1; INSERT INTO Project_Temp (project_id,total_donors,total_received) SELECT `Project`.ID, IFNULL(COUNT(DISTINCT DonorID),0), IFNULL(SUM(Amount),0) FROM `Project` LEFT JOIN `Contribution` ON RecipientID = `Project`.ID GROUP BY 1 ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE total_donors = VALUES(total_donors), total_received = VALUES(total_received); SELECT * FROM Project_Temp; Tests for both are pretty comparable, in the 0.7 - 0.8 seconds range with 1,000 rows. But I'm really concerned about scalability, and I don't want to have to re-engineer everything as my tables grow. What's the best approach?

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  • How to create custom pages (Drupal 6.x)

    - by jc70
    In the template.php file I inserted the code below: I found a tutorial online that gives the code, but I'm confused on how to get it to work. I copied the code below and inserted it into the template.php from the theme HTML5_base. I duplicated the page.tpl.php file and created custom pages -- page-gallery.tpl.php and page-articles.tpl.php. I inserted some text to the files just see that I've navigated to the pages w/ the changes. It looks like Drupal is not recognizing gallery.tpl.php and page-articles.tpl.php. In the template.php there are the following functions: html5_base_preprocess_page() html5_base_preprocess_node() html5_base_preprocess_block() In the tutorial it uses these functions: phptemplate_preprocess_page() phptemplate_preprocess_block() phptemplate_preprocess_node() function phptemplate_preprocess_page(&$vars) { //code block from the Drupal handbook //the path module is required and must be activated if(module_exists('path')) { //gets the "clean" URL of the current page $alias = drupal_get_path_alias($_GET['q']); $suggestions = array(); $template_filename = 'page'; foreach(explode('/', $alias) as $path_part) { $template_filename = $template_filename.'-'.$path_part; $suggestions[] = $template_filename; } $vars['template_files'] = $suggestions; } } function phptemplate_preprocess_node(&$vars) { //default template suggestions for all nodes $vars['template_files'] = array(); $vars['template_files'][] = 'node'; //individual node being displayed if($vars['page']) { $vars['template_files'][] = 'node-page'; $vars['template_files'][] = 'node-'.$vars['node']->type.'-page'; $vars['template_files'][] = 'node-'.$vars['node']->nid.'-page'; } //multiple nodes being displayed on one page in either teaser //or full view else { //template suggestions for nodes in general $vars['template_files'][] = 'node-'.$vars['node']->type; $vars['template_files'][] = 'node-'.$vars['node']->nid; //template suggestions for nodes in teaser view //more granular control if($vars['teaser']) { $vars['template_files'][] = 'node-'.$vars['node']->type.'-teaser'; $vars['template_files'][] = 'node-'.$vars['node']->nid.'-teaser'; } } } function phptemplate_preprocess_block(&$vars) { //the "cleaned-up" block title to be used for suggestion file name $subject = str_replace(" ", "-", strtolower($vars['block']->subject)); $vars['template_files'] = array('block', 'block-'.$vars['block']->delta, 'block-'.$subject); }

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  • Can I join two tables whereby the joined table is sorted by a certain column?

    - by Ferdy
    I'm not much of a database guru so I need some help on a query I'm working on. In my photo community project I want to richly visualize tags by not only showing the tag name and counter (# of images inside them), I also want to show a thumb of the most popular image inside the tag (most karma). The table setup is as follow: Image table holds basic image metadata, important is the karma field Imagefile table holds multiple entries per image, one for each format Tag table holds tag definitions Tag_map table maps tags to images In my usual trial and error query authoring I have come this far: SELECT * FROM (SELECT tag.name, tag.id, COUNT(tag_map.tag_id) as cnt FROM tag INNER JOIN tag_map ON (tag.id = tag_map.tag_id) INNER JOIN image ON tag_map.image_id = image.id INNER JOIN imagefile on image.id = imagefile.image_id WHERE imagefile.type = 'smallthumb' GROUP BY tag.name ORDER BY cnt DESC) as T1 WHERE cnt > 0 ORDER BY cnt DESC [column clause of inner query snipped for the sake of simplicity] This query gives me somewhat what I need. The outer query makes sure that only tags are returned for which there is at least 1 image. The inner query returns the tag details, such as its name, count (# of images) and the thumb. In addition, I can sort the inner query as I want (by most images, alphabetically, most recent, etc) So far so good. The problem however is that this query does not match the most popular image (most karma) of the tag, it seems to always take the most recent one in the tag. How can I make sure that the most popular image is matched with the tag?

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  • How best to calculate derived currency rate conversions using C#/LINQ?

    - by chillitom
    class FxRate { string Base { get; set; } string Target { get; set; } double Rate { get; set; } } private IList<FxRate> rates = new List<FxRate> { new FxRate {Base = "EUR", Target = "USD", Rate = 1.3668}, new FxRate {Base = "GBP", Target = "USD", Rate = 1.5039}, new FxRate {Base = "USD", Target = "CHF", Rate = 1.0694}, new FxRate {Base = "CHF", Target = "SEK", Rate = 8.12} // ... }; Given a large yet incomplete list of exchange rates where all currencies appear at least once (either as a target or base currency): What algorithm would I use to be able to derive rates for exchanges that aren't directly listed? I'm looking for a general purpose algorithm of the form: public double Rate(string baseCode, string targetCode, double currency) { return ... } In the example above a derived rate would be GBP-CHF or EUR-SEK (which would require using the conversions for EUR-USD, USD-CHF, CHF-SEK) Whilst I know how to do the conversions by hand I'm looking for a tidy way (perhaps using LINQ) to perform these derived conversions perhaps involving multiple currency hops, what's the nicest way to go about this?

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  • how to use a parameterized function for the Default Binding of a Sql Server column

    - by Walt Gaber
    I have a table that catalogs selected files from multiple sources. I want to record whether a file is a duplicate of a previously cataloged file at the time the new file is cataloged. I have a column in my table (“primary_duplicate”) to record each entry as ‘P’ (primary) or ‘D’ (duplicate). I would like to provide a Default Binding for this column that would check for other occurrences of this file (i.e. name, length, timestamp) at the time the new file is being recorded. I have created a function that performs this check (see “GetPrimaryDuplicate” below). But I don’t know how to bind this function which requires three parameters to the table’s “primary_duplicate” column as its Default Binding. I would like to avoid using a trigger. I currently have a stored procedure used to insert new records that performs this check. But I would like to ensure that the flag is set correctly if an insert is performed outside of this stored procedure. How can I call this function with values from the row that is being inserted? USE [MyDatabase] GO SET ANSI_NULLS ON GO SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON GO CREATE TABLE [dbo].[FileCatalog]( [id] [uniqueidentifier] NOT NULL, [catalog_timestamp] [datetime] NOT NULL, [primary_duplicate] nchar NOT NULL, [name] nvarchar NULL, [length] [bigint] NULL, [timestamp] [datetime] NULL ) ON [PRIMARY] GO ALTER TABLE [dbo].[FileCatalog] ADD CONSTRAINT [DF_FileCatalog_id] DEFAULT (newid()) FOR [id] GO ALTER TABLE [dbo].[FileCatalog] ADD CONSTRAINT [DF_FileCatalog_catalog_timestamp] DEFAULT (getdate()) FOR [catalog_timestamp] GO ALTER TABLE [dbo].[FileCatalog] ADD CONSTRAINT [DF_FileCatalog_primary_duplicate] DEFAULT (N'GetPrimaryDuplicate(name, length, timestamp)') FOR [primary_duplicate] GO USE [MyDatabase] GO SET ANSI_NULLS ON GO SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON GO CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[GetPrimaryDuplicate] ( @name nvarchar(255), @length bigint, @timestamp datetime ) RETURNS nchar(1) AS BEGIN DECLARE @c int SELECT @c = COUNT(*) FROM FileCatalog WHERE name=@name and length=@length and timestamp=@timestamp and primary_duplicate = 'P' IF @c > 0 RETURN 'D' -- Duplicate RETURN 'P' -- Primary END GO

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  • Rails Browser Detection Methods

    - by alvincrespo
    Hey Everyone, I was wondering what methods are standard within the industry to do browser detection in Rails? Is there a gem, library or sample code somewhere that can help determine the browser and apply a class or id to the body element of the (X)HTML? Thanks, I'm just wondering what everyone uses and whether there is accepted method of doing this? I know that we can get the user.agent and parse that string, but I'm not sure if that is that is an acceptable way to do browser detection. Also, I'm not trying to debate feature detection here, I've read multiple answers for that on StackOverflow, all I'm asking for is what you guys have done. [UPDATE] So thanks to faunzy on GitHub, I've sort of understand a bit about checking the user agent in Rails, but still not sure if this is the best way to go about it in Rails 3. But here is what I've gotten so far: def users_browser user_agent = request.env['HTTP_USER_AGENT'].downcase @users_browser ||= begin if user_agent.index('msie') && !user_agent.index('opera') && !user_agent.index('webtv') 'ie'+user_agent[user_agent.index('msie')+5].chr elsif user_agent.index('gecko/') 'gecko' elsif user_agent.index('opera') 'opera' elsif user_agent.index('konqueror') 'konqueror' elsif user_agent.index('ipod') 'ipod' elsif user_agent.index('ipad') 'ipad' elsif user_agent.index('iphone') 'iphone' elsif user_agent.index('chrome/') 'chrome' elsif user_agent.index('applewebkit/') 'safari' elsif user_agent.index('googlebot/') 'googlebot' elsif user_agent.index('msnbot') 'msnbot' elsif user_agent.index('yahoo! slurp') 'yahoobot' #Everything thinks it's mozilla, so this goes last elsif user_agent.index('mozilla/') 'gecko' else 'unknown' end end return @users_browser end

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  • Any way to turn off quips in OOWeb?

    - by Misha Koshelev
    http://ooweb.sourceforge.net/tutorial.html Not really a question, but I can't seem to stop writing stuff like this. Maybe someone will find it useful. I know rewriting an HTTP server is not the way to turn off the quips ;) /* Copyright 2010 Misha Koshelev. All Rights Reserved. */ package com.mksoft.common; import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.InputStreamReader; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.PrintWriter; import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException; import java.net.URLDecoder; import java.text.SimpleDateFormat; import java.util.Date; import java.util.LinkedHashMap; import java.net.ServerSocket; import java.net.Socket; /** * Simple HTTP Server. * * @author Misha Koshelev */ public class HttpServer extends Thread { /* * Constants */ /** * 404 Not Found Result */ protected final static String result404NotFound="<html><head><title>404 Not Found</title></head><body bgcolor='#ffffff'><h1>404 Not Found</h1></body></html>"; /* * Variables */ /** * Port on which HTTP server handles requests. */ protected int port; public int getPort() { return port; } public void setPort(int _port) { port=_port; } /* * Constructors */ public HttpServer(int _port) { setPort(_port); } /* * Helpers */ /** * Errors */ protected void error(String message) { System.err.println(message); System.err.flush(); } /** * Debugging */ protected boolean debugOutput=true; protected void debug(String message) { if (debugOutput) { error(message); } } /** * Lock object */ private Object lock=new Object(); /** * Should we quit? */ protected boolean doQuit=false; /** * Are we done? */ protected boolean areWeDone=false; /** * Process POST request headers */ protected String processPostRequest(String url,LinkedHashMap<String,String> headers,String inputLine) { debug("HttpServer.processPostRequest: url=\""+url); if (debugOutput) { for (String key: headers.keySet()) { debug("HttpServer.processPostRequest: headers."+key+"=\""+headers.get(key)+"\""); } } debug("HttpServer.processPostRequest: inputLine=\""+inputLine+"\""); try { inputLine=new URLDecoder().decode(inputLine,"UTF-8"); } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException uee) { uee.printStackTrace(); } String[] keyValues=inputLine.split("&"); LinkedHashMap<String,String> post=new LinkedHashMap<String,String>(); for (int i=0;i<keyValues.length;i++) { String keyValue=keyValues[i]; int equals=keyValue.indexOf('='); String key=keyValue.substring(0,equals); String value=keyValue.substring(equals+1); post.put(key,value); } return post(url,headers,post); } /** * Server loop (here for exception handling purposes) */ protected void serverLoop() throws IOException { /* Start server socket */ ServerSocket serverSocket=null; try { serverSocket=new ServerSocket(getPort()); } catch (IOException ioe) { ioe.printStackTrace(); System.exit(1); } Socket clientSocket=null; while (true) { /* Quit if necessary */ if (doQuit) { break; } /* Accept incoming connections */ try { clientSocket=serverSocket.accept(); } catch (IOException ioe) { ioe.printStackTrace(); System.exit(1); } /* Read request */ BufferedReader in=null; String inputLine=null; String firstLine=null; String blankLine=null; LinkedHashMap<String,String> headers=new LinkedHashMap<String,String>(); try { in=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(clientSocket.getInputStream())); while (true) { if (blankLine==null) { inputLine=in.readLine(); } else { /* POST request, read Content-length bytes */ int contentLength=new Integer(headers.get("Content-Length")).intValue(); StringBuilder sb=new StringBuilder(contentLength); for (int i=0;i<contentLength;i++) { sb.append((char)in.read()); } inputLine=sb.toString(); break; } if (firstLine==null) { firstLine=inputLine; } else if (blankLine==null) { if (inputLine.equals("")) { if (firstLine.startsWith("GET ")) { break; } blankLine=inputLine; } else { int colon=inputLine.indexOf(": "); String key=inputLine.substring(0,colon); String value=inputLine.substring(colon+2); headers.put(key,value); } } } } catch (IOException ioe) { ioe.printStackTrace(); } /* Process request */ String result=null; firstLine=firstLine.replaceAll(" HTTP/.*",""); if (firstLine.startsWith("GET ")) { result=get(firstLine.replaceFirst("GET ",""),headers); } else if (firstLine.startsWith("POST ")) { result=processPostRequest(firstLine.replaceFirst("POST ",""),headers,inputLine); } else { error("HttpServer.ServerLoop: Unhandled request \""+firstLine+"\""); } debug("HttpServer.ServerLoop: result=\""+result+"\""); /* Send response */ PrintWriter out=null; try { out=new PrintWriter(clientSocket.getOutputStream(),true); } catch (IOException ioe) { ioe.printStackTrace(); } if (result!=null) { out.println("HTTP/1.1 200 OK"); } else { out.println("HTTP/1.0 404 Not Found"); result=result404NotFound; } Date now=new Date(); out.println("Date: "+new SimpleDateFormat("EEE, d MMM yyyy HH:mm:ss z").format(now)); out.println("Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8"); out.println("Content-Length: "+result.length()); out.println(""); out.print(result); /* Clean up */ out.close(); if (in!=null) { in.close(); } clientSocket.close(); } serverSocket.close(); areWeDone=true; synchronized(lock) { lock.notifyAll(); } } /* * Methods */ /** * Run server on port specified in constructor. */ public void run() { try { serverLoop(); } catch (IOException ioe) { ioe.printStackTrace(); System.exit(1); } } /** * Process GET request (should be overwritten). */ public String get(String url,LinkedHashMap<String,String> headers) { debug("HttpServer.get: url=\""+url+"\""); if (debugOutput) { for (String key: headers.keySet()) { debug("HttpServer.get: headers."+key+"=\""+headers.get(key)+"\""); } } if (url.equals("/")) { return "<html><head><title>HttpServer GET Test Page</title></head>\r\n"+ "<body bgcolor='#ffffff'>\r\n"+ "<center><h1>HttpServer GET Test Page</h1></center>\r\n"+ "<hr />\r\n"+ "<center><table>\r\n"+ "<form method='post' action='/'>\r\n"+ "<tr><td align=right>Test 1:</td>\r\n"+ " <td><input type='text' name='text 1' value='test me !!! !@#$'></td></tr>\r\n"+ "<tr><td align=right>Test 2:</td>\r\n"+ " <td><input type='text' name='text 2' value='type smthng'></td></tr>\r\n"+ "<tr><td>&nbsp;</td>\r\n"+ " <td align=right><input type='submit' value='Submit'></td></tr>\r\n"+ "</form>\r\n"+ "</table></center>\r\n"+ "<hr />\r\n"+ "<center><a href='/quit'>Shutdown Server</a></center>\r\n"+ "</html>"; } else if (url.equals("/quit")) { quit(); return ""; } else { return null; } } /** * Process POST request (should be overwritten). */ public String post(String url,LinkedHashMap<String,String> headers,LinkedHashMap<String,String> post) { debug("HttpServer.post: url=\""+url+"\""); if (debugOutput) { for (String key: headers.keySet()) { debug("HttpServer.post: headers."+key+"=\""+headers.get(key)+"\""); } } if (url.equals("/")) { String result="<html><head><title>HttpServer Post Test Page</title></head>\r\n"+ "<body bgcolor='#ffffff'>\r\n"+ "<center><h1>HttpServer Post Test Page</h1></center>\r\n"+ "<hr />\r\n"+ "<center><table>\r\n"+ "<tr><th>Key</th><th>Value</th></tr>\r\n"; for (String key: post.keySet()) { result+="<tr><td align=right>"+key+"</td><td align=left>"+post.get(key)+"</td></tr>\r\n"; } result+="</table></center>\r\n"+ "</html>"; return result; } else { return null; } } /** * Wait for server to quit. */ public void waitForCompletion() { while (areWeDone==false) { synchronized(lock) { try { lock.wait(); } catch (InterruptedException ie) { } } } } /** * Shutdown server. */ public void quit() { doQuit=true; } }

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  • Is it possible to restrict instantiation of an object to only one other (parent) object in VB.NET?

    - by Casey
    VB 2008 .NET 3.5 Suppose we have two classes, Order and OrderItem, that represent some type of online ordering system. OrderItem represents a single line item in an Order. One Order can contain multiple OrderItems, in the form of a List(of OrderItem). Public Class Order Public Property MyOrderItems() as List(of OrderItem) End Property End Class It makes sense that an OrderItem should not exist without an Order. In other words, an OrderItem class should not be able to be instantiated on its own, it should be dependent on an Order class to contain it and instantiate it. However, the OrderItem should be public in scope so that it's properties are accessible to other objects. So, the requirements for OrderItem are: Can not be instantiated as a stand alone object; requires Order to exist. Must be public so that any other object can access it's properties/methods through the Order object. e.g. Order.OrderItem(0).ProductID. OrderItem should be able to be passed to other subs/functions that will operate on it. How can I achieve these goals? Is there a better approach?

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  • Mercurial repository usage with binary files for building setup files

    - by Ryan
    I have an existing Mercurial repository for a C++ application in a small corporate environment. I asked a co-worker to add the setup script to the repository and he added all of the dependency binaries, PDFs, and executable to the repository under an Install directory. I dislike having the binaries and dependencies in the same repository, but I'd like recommendations on best practices. Here are the options I am considering: Create a separate repository for the Installer and related files Create a subrepository for the Installer and related files Use a (yet to be identified) build dependency manager I am concerned with using a subrepository with Mercurial based on what I've read so far and the (apparently) incomplete implementation. I would like to get a project dependency system, e.g. Ivy, but I don't know all of the options and haven't had time yet to try out any options. I thought I'd use TortoiseHg as a basis, and it does not have the TortoiseHg binaries in the repository although it does have some binaries such as kdiff3.exe. Instead it uses setup.py to clone multiple repositories and build the apps. This seems reasonable for OSS, but not so much for corporate environments. Recommendations?

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  • What does "Value does not fall within expected range" mean in runtime error?

    - by manuel
    Hi, I'm writing a plugin (dll file) using /clr and trying to implement speech recognition using .NET. But when I run it, I got a runtime error saying "Value does not fall within expected range", what does the message mean? public ref class Dialog : public System::Windows::Forms::Form { public: SpeechRecognitionEngine^ sre; private: System::Void btnSpeak_Click(System::Object^ sender, System::EventArgs^ e) { Initialize(); } protected: void Initialize() { //create the recognition engine sre = gcnew SpeechRecognitionEngine(); //set our recognition engine to use the default audio device sre->SetInputToDefaultAudioDevice(); //create a new GrammarBuilder to specify which commands we want to use GrammarBuilder^ grammarBuilder = gcnew GrammarBuilder(); //append all the choices we want for commands. //we want to be able to move, stop, quit the game, and check for the cake. grammarBuilder->Append(gcnew Choices("play", "stop")); //create the Grammar from th GrammarBuilder Grammar^ customGrammar = gcnew Grammar(grammarBuilder); //unload any grammars from the recognition engine sre->UnloadAllGrammars(); //load our new Grammar sre->LoadGrammar(customGrammar); //add an event handler so we get events whenever the engine recognizes spoken commands sre->SpeechRecognized += gcnew EventHandler<SpeechRecognizedEventArgs^> (this, &Dialog::sre_SpeechRecognized); //set the recognition engine to keep running after recognizing a command. //if we had used RecognizeMode.Single, the engine would quite listening after //the first recognized command. sre->RecognizeAsync(RecognizeMode::Multiple); //this->init(); } void sre_SpeechRecognized(Object^ sender, SpeechRecognizedEventArgs^ e) { //simple check to see what the result of the recognition was if (e->Result->Text == "play") { MessageBox(plugin.hwndParent, L"play", 0, 0); } if (e->Result->Text == "stop") { MessageBox(plugin.hwndParent, L"stop", 0, 0); } } };

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