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• Both nginx and php5-fpm init.d startup scripts are non-functional and returning no errors..? But they used to work perfectly

  - by Ollie Treend

  I have been using nginx and php5-fpm on my Ubuntu box for a while now. Everything has been configured and setup correctly, and it ran like a charm. I have been keeping the packages updated & upgraded as usual, but haven't touched the nginx OR php5-fpm config files at all (thus I'm pretty sure this isn't my fault... ) Basically, I noticed nginx wasn't running as it should be. I ran the command sudo service nginx start, and the script did nothing. The same thing happens when trying to do anything - start, stop, restart or reload. This also happens for the "php5-fpm" init script - although all other init scripts seem to be functioning correctly. When trying to start nginx OR php5-fpm, this is what happens: root@HAL:/etc# service php5-fpm start root@HAL:/etc# I can't understand what is going wrong. The script isn't returning errors, but similarly it isn't starting the daemon or reporting success as usual. For reference, both installations are from the official nginx and php5-fpm PPAs. The fact that both started doing this at the same time has thrown me - since they are both unrelated packages. I have since purged both sets of packages from my system with apt-get purge ... and also apt-get remove --purge ... both of which have successfully removed the packages, their config files, and their init.d startup scripts. After having reinstalled nginx, I now have a functioning startup script again - I can start the web server as usual. However, php5-fpm is still experiencing the strange premature exiting of the startup script.. and I really can't figure out what's causing it. I have no idea what caused this to occur initially, but have managed to fix nginx. I now need to fix the php5-fpm startup script. If anybody could shed some light on this situation, I would be very grateful! The chances are both these issues are related - and they were caused by me doing something stupid. But now I need to fix it. This time I was lucky - because these problems are just on my development server. But I have 2 other live servers which are configured in a similar way, and I am worried the same thing will happen to these two as well! Has anybody else come across this? Do you have any words of advice? Thank you

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• libreadline history lines combine

  - by jettero

  This has been driving me crazy for about three years. I don't know how to fully describe the problem, but I think I can finally describe a way to recreate it. Your milage may vary. I have a mixture of ubuntu server and desktop machines of various versions and a few gentoo machines with various states of disrepair. They all seem to kindof do their own thing, although with similarities. Try this and let me know if you see the same thing. pop open two xterms (TERM=xterm) resize one so they're not the same issue screen -R test1 in one (TERM=screen) and screen -x test1 in the other hooray, typing in one shows up in the other; although notice that their different size produces artifacts and things issue a couple commands in your shell hit ^AF in the one that doesn't fit quite right, now it fits!! scroll back over the history a little goto 6 Eventually you'll notice a couple history lines combine. If you don't, then it's something unique to my setup, which spans various distributions and computers; so that's a confusing concept to me. If you see the thing I'm seeing then this: bash$ ls -al bash$ ps auxfw becomes this: bash$ ls -al; ps auxfw It doesn't happen every time. I have to really play with it — unless I don't want it to happen, then it always does. On some systems (or combinations), I get a line separator like the example above. On some systems, I do not. That I get the line separator on some systems seems to indicate to me that bash supports this behavior. Its history is entirely handled by libreadline and after perusing (ie, carefully reading) the man pages, I couldn't find a single readline setting for combining two history lines. Nor can I find anything in the bash manpage. So, how can I invoke this on purpose? Or, if I can't do that, how can I disable it completely? I would take either answer as a solution. Currently, I only see it when I don't want it.

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• Fedora 11 System - Failed Hard Drive Removed, and Boot gets GRUB Hard Disk Error

  - by Mindful

  Greetings, I have a machine with a 120GB ATA drive that has what I thought to be non-essential data on it. I also have a 320GB SATA hard drive with the OS/Application/Files (good data I want to keep). My 120GB ATA is failing I believe, as my computer kept slowing to a halt. However, when I move the drive from BIOS my computer will not start, says "GRUB Hard Disk Error". I know that my Fedora system has an LVM setup. I am looking to just remove the 120GB drive from "the mix", and just have one hard drive. How do I recover ? Thank you. I have access to a Linux Live CD right now and can make any changes. However, it won't boot into my OS - it fails. UPDATE: here's my Grub.Conf # grub.conf generated by anaconda # # Note that you do not have to rerun grub after making changes to this file # NOTICE: You have a /boot partition. This means that # all kernel and initrd paths are relative to /boot/, eg. # root (hd1,0) # kernel /vmlinuz-version ro root=/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 # initrd /initrd-version.img #boot=/dev/sda1 default=0 timeout=5 splashimage=(hd1,0)/grub/splash.xpm.gz hiddenmenu title Fedora (2.6.30.10-105.2.23.fc11.i686.PAE) root (hd1,0) kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.30.10-105.2.23.fc11.i686.PAE ro root=/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 rhgb quiet initrd /initrd-2.6.30.10-105.2.23.fc11.i686.PAE.img title Fedora (2.6.30.9-102.fc11.i686.PAE) root (hd1,0) kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.30.9-102.fc11.i686.PAE ro root=/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 rhgb quiet initrd /initrd-2.6.30.9-102.fc11.i686.PAE.img title Fedora (2.6.27.24-170.2.68.fc10.i686.PAE) root (hd1,0) kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.27.24-170.2.68.fc10.i686.PAE ro root=/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 rhgb quiet initrd /initrd-2.6.27.24-170.2.68.fc10.i686.PAE.img title Fedora (2.6.27.24-170.2.68.fc10.i686) root (hd1,0) kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.27.24-170.2.68.fc10.i686 ro root=/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 rhgb quiet initrd /initrd-2.6.27.24-170.2.68.fc10.i686.img title Fedora (2.6.27.21-170.2.56.fc10.i686) root (hd1,0) kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.27.21-170.2.56.fc10.i686 ro root=/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 rhgb quiet initrd /initrd-2.6.27.21-170.2.56.fc10.i686.img title Fedora (2.6.27.19-170.2.35.fc10.i686) root (hd1,0) kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.27.19-170.2.35.fc10.i686 ro root=/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 rhgb quiet initrd /initrd-2.6.27.19-170.2.35.fc10.i686.img title Upgrade to Fedora 10 (Cambridge) kernel /upgrade/vmlinuz preupgrade repo=hd::/var/cache/yum/preupgrade stage2=http://chi-10g-1-mirror.fastsoft.net/pub/linux/fedora/linux/releases/10/Fedora/i386/os/images/install.img ks=hd:UUID=f11769ba-29bc-46de-8c40-a949720a438e:/upgrade/ks.cfg initrd /upgrade/initrd.img title Win rootnoverify (hd0,0) chainloader +1

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• configuring mod_proxy_html properly?

  - by tobinjim

  I have an apache2 web server that handles reverse proxy for Rails3 app running on another machine. The setup works except URLs generated within the webapp aren't getting rewritten by my configuration for mod_proxy_html. The ["Reverse Proxy Scenario"][1] is exactly what I'm trying to do, so I've followed the tutorial as completely as I know how. I've applied or tried answers supplied here on stackoverflow, to no effect. According to the "Reverse Proxy Scenario" you want a number of modules loaded. All those instructions are in my httpd.conf file and when I examine the output from apactectl -t -D DUMP_MODULES all the expected modules show in amongst the listing. My external web server doing the reverse proxy is at www.ourdomain.org and the Rails app is internally available at apphost.local (the server is Mac OS X Server 10.6, the rails app server is Mac OS X 10.6). What's working right now is access to the webapp via the reverse proxy as: http://www.ourdomain.org/apphost/railsappname/controllername/action But none of the javascript files, css files or other assets get loaded, and links internal to the web app come out missing the apphost portion of the URL, as if my rewrite rule is configured incorrectly (so of course I've focused on that and can't seem to get anything to be added or deleted in the process of passing the html in from the apphost and out through the Apache server). For instance, hovering over an action link in the html returned by the web app you'll get: http://www.ourdomain.org/railsappname/controllername/action Here's what my Apache directives look like: LoadModule proxy_html_module /usr/libexec/apache2/mod_proxy_html.so LoadModule xml2enc_module /usr/libexec/apache2/mod_xml2enc.so ProxyHTMLLogVerbose On LogLevel Debug ProxyPass /apphost/ http://apphost.local/ <Location /apphost/> SetOutputFilter INFLATE;proxy-html;DEFLATE ProxyPassReverse / ProxyHTMLExtended On ProxyHTMLURLMap railsappname/ apphost/railsappname/ RequestHeader unset Accept-Encoding </Location> After every change I make to httpd.conf I religiously check apachectl -t just to be sane. I'm definitely not an Apache expert, but all the directives that follow mine seem to not overrule what I'm doing here. But then nothing that I try seems to alter the URLs I see in my browser after hitting the Apache server with a request for my web app. Even if you can't tell what I've done incorrectly, I'd welcome ideas on how to get Apache to help see what it's working on and doing to the html coming from my web app. That's what I understood the ProxyHTMLLogVerbose On and LogLevel Debug to be setting up, but I'm not seeing anything in the log files.

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• nginx timeout albeit ridicolous configuration

  - by Joa Ebert

  The scenario is an API server that should handle uploads. Posting on my.host.com/api/upload should do something with the body the client sends. However the API server has been designed to block the whole request until it fully processed the file, including some analysis which can take up to approx. 5min (...!). This has to change of course. In the meantime I wanted to setup nginx as a load balancer in front of the API servers. I quickly ran into a timeout issue, consulted Google and came up with this ridiculous test configuration: user www-data; worker_processes 4; error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log; pid /var/run/nginx.pid; events { worker_connections 1024; } http { include /etc/nginx/mime.types; access_log off; sendfile on; send_timeout 3600; keepalive_timeout 3600 120; tcp_nopush on; tcp_nodelay on; gzip off; client_header_timeout 3600; client_body_timeout 3600; proxy_send_timeout 3600; proxy_read_timeout 3600; proxy_connect_timeout 1800; proxy_next_upstream error; include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf; include /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*; } And upstream test { server host1; server host2; } server { listen 80; server_name my.host.com; client_max_body_size 10m; location /api/ { proxy_pass http://test; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_redirect off; } } Still, when an upload happens, I get the following result in the error.log: 2010/12/22 13:36:42 [error] 5256#0: *187359 upstream timed out (110: Connection timed out) while reading response header from upstream, client: xx.xx.xx.xx, server: my.host.com, request: "POST /api/upload HTTP/1.1", upstream: "http://apiserver:80/upload", host: "my.host.com" What else could I do? If I look at the log of the API server I still see that it is processing the request and analyzing the file. But I think 3600 seconds as a timeout should be more than enough. This happens even after a could of seconds. And I did a reload and force-reload of the configuration as well of course.

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• Monitoring tools that can take high rate and high volume?

  - by Jon Watte

  We're using Cacti with RRDTool to monitor and graph about 100,000 counters spread across about 1,000 Linux-based nodes. However, our current setup generally only gives us 5-minute graphs (with some data being minute-based); we often make changes where seeing feedback in "near real time" would be of value. I'd like approximately a week of 5- or 10-second data, a year of 1-minute data, and 5 years of 10-minute data. I have SSD disks and a dual-hexa-core server to spare. I tried setting up a Graphite/carbon/whisper server, and had about 15 nodes pipe to it, but it only has "average" for the retention function when promoting to older buckets. This is almost useless -- I'd like min, max, average, standard deviation, and perhaps "total sum" and "number of samples" or perhaps "95th percentile" available. The developer claims there's a new back-end "in beta" that allows you to write your own function, but this appears to still only do 1:1 retention (when saving older data, you really want the statistics calculated into many streams from a single input. Also, "in beta" seems a little risky for this installation. If I'm wrong about this assumption, I'd be happy to be shown my error! I've heard Zabbix recommended, but it puts data into MySQL or some other SQL database. 100,000 counters on a 5 second interval means 20,000 tps, and while I have an SSD, I don't have an 8-way RAID-6 with battery backup cache, which I think I'd need for that to work out :-) Again, if that's actually something that's not a problem, I'd be happy to be shown the error of my ways. Also, can Zabbix do the single data stream - promote with statistics thing? Finally, Munin claims to have a new 2.0 coming out "in beta" right now, and it boasts custom retention plans. However, again, it's that "in beta" part -- has anyone used that for real, and at scale? How did it perform, if so? I'm almost thinking about using a graphing front-end (such as Graphite) and rolling my own retention backend with a simple layer on top of mmap() and some stats. That wouldn't be particularly hard, and would probably perform very well, letting the kernel figure out the balance between frequency of flushing to disk and process operations. Any other suggestions I should look into? Note: it has to have shown itself able to sustain the kinds of data loads I'm suggesting above; if you can point at the specific implementation you're referencing, so much the better!

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• Switch flooding when bonding interfaces in Linux

  - by John Philips

  +--------+ | Host A | +----+---+ | eth0 (AA:AA:AA:AA:AA:AA) | | +----+-----+ | Switch 1 | (layer2/3) +----+-----+ | +----+-----+ | Switch 2 | +----+-----+ | +----------+----------+ +-------------------------+ Switch 3 +-------------------------+ | +----+-----------+----+ | | | | | | | | | | eth0 (B0:B0:B0:B0:B0:B0) | | eth4 (B4:B4:B4:B4:B4:B4) | | +----+-----------+----+ | | | Host B | | | +----+-----------+----+ | | eth1 (B1:B1:B1:B1:B1:B1) | | eth5 (B5:B5:B5:B5:B5:B5) | | | | | | | | | +------------------------------+ +------------------------------+ Topology overview Host A has a single NIC. Host B has four NICs which are bonded using the balance-alb mode. Both hosts run RHEL 6.0, and both are on the same IPv4 subnet. Traffic analysis Host A is sending data to Host B using some SQL database application. Traffic from Host A to Host B: The source int/MAC is eth0/AA:AA:AA:AA:AA:AA, the destination int/MAC is eth5/B5:B5:B5:B5:B5:B5. Traffic from Host B to Host A: The source int/MAC is eth0/B0:B0:B0:B0:B0:B0, the destination int/MAC is eth0/AA:AA:AA:AA:AA:AA. Once the TCP connection has been established, Host B sends no further frames out eth5. The MAC address of eth5 expires from the bridge tables of both Switch 1 & Switch 2. Switch 1 continues to receive frames from Host A which are destined for B5:B5:B5:B5:B5:B5. Because Switch 1 and Switch 2 no longer have bridge table entries for B5:B5:B5:B5:B5:B5, they flood the frames out all ports on the same VLAN (except for the one it came in on, of course). Reproduce If you ping Host B from a workstation which is connected to either Switch 1 or 2, B5:B5:B5:B5:B5:B5 re-enters the bridge tables and the flooding stops. After five minutes (the default bridge table timeout), flooding resumes. Question It is clear that on Host B, frames arrive on eth5 and exit out eth0. This seems ok as that's what the Linux bonding algorithm is designed to do - balance incoming and outgoing traffic. But since the switch stops receiving frames with the source MAC of eth5, it gets timed out of the bridge table, resulting in flooding. Is this normal? Why aren't any more frames originating from eth5? Is it because there is simply no other traffic going on (the only connection is a single large data transfer from Host A)? I've researched this for a long time and haven't found an answer. Documentation states that no switch changes are necessary when using mode 6 of the Linux interface bonding (balance-alb). Is this behavior occurring because Host B doesn't send any further packets out of eth5, whereas in normal circumstances it's expected that it would? One solution is to setup a cron job which pings Host B to keep the bridge table entries from timing out, but that seems like a dirty hack.

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• Mysql Servers for Attendance System

  - by foo

  I'm building an attendance system. There are about 20 places where people will check in and check out using Mifare 1K Card. It will use MySQL as the database. The system will display something like "#ID IN: 800AM" when the first time the user checks in and "#ID OUT: 400PM" when the user checks out. For this to work, all the databases need to be synchronized with each other all the times. For an example, if user A went to location #1 to check in but by the time he wants to return home, the server at location #1 went down, he needs to go to location #2 or the nearest server to check out. The server at location #2 should display '#ID OUT: 400PM" and not "#ID IN: 400PM" since he's already checked in. So, what should I use to ensure this idea will work? My main concern is with the network (other department manages it) which is very unpredictable. It just love to go down anytime it wants to. Update LOL, didn't realize my question is not clear, just noticed it when you guys pointed it out, sorry about that. My real question is, how can I configure my MySQL to be synchronized with each other (20 servers)? MySQL cluster ? (tried reading about it, but I'm not sure if it's the right thing to do) My current setup (first phase): Local database for each server OS: Slackware A main server that keeps track which staff is at which server A web based front end for the user to see their history (which connects to the server based on their records) Main Pros No worries about network problems since it is a local database Main Cons A user can only check in and out at the same server. Databases/Servers are not connected with each others. Have to add the user to each server if the users want to check in at different locations. Which means, if he wants to go to location A, he must be checked out from location A first and then check in at location B. The server at location B didn't know that the user has checked in before at A. By the way, I've already centralized my NTP to a local server. About the network, let's just say, I don't have the authority to make changes so that the network will be better. The network won't effect all 20 servers at once, usually, just a few of them for several times a week. If there are anything else you would like me to answer, please just ask.

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• Managing hosts and iptables in scalable architecture

  - by hakunin

  Let's say I have a load balancer in front of 3 app servers. Let's say I also have these services available at certain IPs: Postgres server Redis server ElasticSearch server Memcached server 1 Memcached server 2 Memcached server 3 So that's 6 nodes at 6 different IP addresses. Naturally, every one of my 3 app servers needs to talk to these 6 servers above. Then, to make it a bit funkier, I also have 3 worker servers. And each worker also talks to the above 6 servers, but thankfully workers and apps never need to talk to each other. Now's the kicker. Everything is on Digital Ocean VPS. What that means is: you have no private network, no private IPs. You only have separate, random IP address on each machine. You can't mask them or anything. So in order to build a secure environment I would have to configure some iptables. For example: Open app servers be accessed by load balancer server Open redis, ES, PG, and each memcached servers to be accessed by each app's IP and each worker's IP This means that every time I add an app or worker I have to also reconfigure iptables in those above 6 servers to welcome the new app or worker. Is there a way to simplify this type of setup? I was thinking — what if there was a gateway machine between apps/workers and the above 6 machines. This way all the interaction would always happen via the gateway server, and when I add a new app or worker I wouldn't need to teach the 6 servers to let it in. If I went this route, then I'd hope a small 512mb server could handle that perhaps, and there wouldn't be almost any overhead. Or would there? Please help with best way to handle this situation. I would appreciate an answer as concrete as possible. I don't think this is too specific, because this general architecture is very common, and Digital Ocean is becoming increasingly popular. A concrete solution here would be much appreciated by many.

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• Moving from VPS to Cloud

  - by GRIGORE-TURBODISEL

  ...and I have a few questions. I'm basically working on a MySQL+PHP based webapp. Since I don't have on-demand scaling with VPS, I'm planning to move from VPS to Cloud when I hit the 1000 subscribers barrier. I'm looking at Windows Azure but I'm ok with other suggestions. So here are my questions: Will it really cost me a kidney? Every subscriber needs to download around 4-5MB of static resources each day. Bandwidth is free on the VPS but here I see costs can easily get to $800.00/mo; this makes me very insecure about the whole thing, I mean VPS is just $2,000/yr. Do I need another VM or is PHP included in the Web Sites? I have basic sysadmin skills, I think I can handle setting up a PHP install, but will I have to do this? If yes, what other service do I need to setup manually? What about Memcached, MySQL, etc? What security protections does it include? For example I have some basic protection included, like directory traversals and executable files upload; I also have CloudFlare on my other websites for DDoS protection; will I need to do the same thing here too, can it even be installed, can I edit my DNS records, etc? How are e-mails, subdomains, add-on domains, parked domains, etc. handled? I haven't seen any references to e-mail boxes. On the VPS I simply add them from cPanel ([email protected] / whatever.mysite.com / ...); do I have a similar management interface here? Do I get SSH access? Or at least FTP, remote MySQL access and maybe some incremental back-ups or something? Can I see my quotas and advanced traffic info? I must mention that I really like the idea of the whole "cloud" concept, the added reliability and everything but I really need maybe a parallel to regular hosting or something so I know what to expect.

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• Synchronize the same set of files to 2 different locations with 2 different programs for 2 different purposes

  - by Hedgetrimmer

  Because of stupid questionable IT policies at my not-to-be-named place of occupation, I have been (and will be, for the forseeable future) carrying on an external hard drive a unison-synchronized copy of all of my documents and code, including code which resides in some of my "dotfiles" and other code which resides in ~/bin (things I've made are there because ~/bin is in my $PATH) along with some cruft generated (and to be generated) by conscript and its related "giter8" templating system for Scala project boilerplates. Despite this, I do use a symlinking program to store all of my important dotfiles in a subdirectory. Thanks to that somewhat complicated setup, I have resorted to making a directory full of symlinks to every directory (or file, as is the case with stuff under ~/bin) that I want synchronized, and then follow = True is in my unison profile. It happens to be that this collection of odds and ends—plus an automatically-generated text file containing every package installed on my system—is everything under ~ that needs to be backed up to a remote (rsync-over-ssh) host with client-side encryption and signing from GPG. I already believe that duplicity is the most appropriate program to do that. What isn't as clear-cut is how to make duplicity use the exact same set of files when it runs a backup; it would be simple if duplicity would follow symlinks, but it does not and the manpage lists no option for enabling any such behavior. Comparing unison's file selection algorithm to duplicity's, I don't think I can write a program that could compute a ruleset for one program given one for the other. For the record, I would rather not keep the symlinks manually synchronized with duplicity file-selection rules, as they can change thanks to the above-mentioned complications regarding ~/bin. I don't think running duplicity on the external hard disk is such a good idea either; I usually keep that hard disk unmounted and unplugged in case of a power failure or other physical problem with the computer, plus I'm not sure about duplicity's performance given that: the hard disk is NTFS-formatted in order to be useable at my Windows-imprisoned place of occupation. despite being a USB 3.0 disk, my computer has no USB 3.0 ports so it acts as a USB 2.0 disk. How can I have duplicity (or is there a better program that I have overlooked?) back up the exact same set of files that is bidirectionally synchronized with my external hard disk?

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• Some domain names not resolving on local network

  - by Solignis

  I am not really sure where to start with this one... I have a small network setup with some linux servers (Ubuntu 11.04 Server). 2 servers are running BIND 9 (NS01, NS02), they are configured as master and slave respectively. 1 server is running Zimbra ZCS 7.1.1 (MX01), it has a private BIND 9 server running to achieve a split DNS configuration. This DNS server does not interact with the other two, it forwards queries it can resolve to the other 2 that is it. No zone transfers. Zimbra is hosting 3 domains at the moment, solignis.local, solignis.com, campbellsurvey.net. The problem From with in my network I cannot connect to mail.campbellsurvey.net. When I mean I cannot connect, I mean if I open firefox and type https://mail.campbellsurvey.net I go nowhere, the address is supposed to connect to my Zimbra webmail. But it goes nowhere, the odd thing is if I try the same task from outside of the network it brings the website up like normal. If I try to create an account in thunderbird to connect to the same server using IMAP4 or POP3 I get an error saying that thunderbird cannot find the domain name. Even the zimbra client fails too. It is like from with in my own walls that campbellsurvey.net does not exist. But if step outside I can get it work with no problem at all. I had thought maybe the problem was with the DNS server (BIND 9), so just to eliminate it as a possibility I configured a windows server I use for VMware VCenter as a DNS server to see what would happen. The result was the same, its like something is preventing connections to those domains, but I have checked various firewalls and such. I checked port forwards, etc. So I am running out of ideas I know this is not a lot of information to work from and I can give more details about certain things as needed. I am just trying to figure out what could be going wrong. Any help you could offer would be much appreciated.

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• Broadcom HT1100 SATA controller not working properly with 1TB drives

  - by Jeff C

  I've been using RHEL distro's for several years and always managed to find the answers until now. I know this is more of a hardware issue, but I've been working on this for over a week and trust Linux and the IT community to help more then HP. I have CentOS 6.3 installed on an HP ProLiant DL145 G3 server with the BroadCom HT1100 IO controller and ServerWorks SATA Controller MMIO BIOS v3.0.0015.6 Firmware. This controller does not support large drives fully. Here's what I've tried and the results; Stock setup - Freezes on the ServerWorks POST screen. Can't even enter CMOS without disconnecting the drives. If I simply disconnect the SATA cables before it gets to the ServerWorks screen and reconnect afterwards I can boot from a CD, USB, PXE fine. However fiddling with cables at ever boot isn't practical. If I enter the BIOS config I can set it to not try booting the drives but leave the controller enabled. This lets me boot normally but the drives are not visible in the OS (live CDs or USB installed). I used method #2 to install and update CentOS. I have the /boot partition on a USB drive (everything else is on the SATA drives in software RAID1) hoping that would work around the issue but I get this Kernel panic - not syncing:Attempted to kill init! Pid: 1, comm: init Not tainted 2.6.32-279.9.1.el6.x86_6 #1 Call Trace: [<ffffffff814fd6ba>] ? panic+0xa0/0x168 [<ffffffff81070c22>] ? do_exit+0x862/0x870 [<ffffffff8117cdb5>] ? fput+0x25/0x30 [<ffffffff81070c88>] ? do_group_exit+0x58/0xd0 [<ffffffff81070d17>] ? sys_exit_group+0x17/0x20 [<ffffffff8100b0f2>] ? system_call_fastpath+0x16/0x1b panic occured, switching back to text console I'm sure it should be possible to talk to the drives without the BIOS boot check since the BIOS doesn't see them in method #2 either, their disconnected when it checks, but Linux sees them fine. If anyone could help figure out how I would greatly appreciate it! The other possible option I've come across is a complex firmware update. Tyan has a few boards on their website with the HT1100 and a ServerWorks v3.0.0015.7 update which says "adds support for TB drives" in the release notes. If someone could help me get the Tyan SATA firmware into the HP ROM file so I could just reflash that would also be very much appreciated. Thanks for any help you guys can offer!

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• Sony VGN-NR260E "External Device Boot"

  - by user72158

  [A LITTLE BACKGROUND] On all modern Dell computers pushing the F12 on bios boot will allow for a screen that lets you choose what boot option you need. For example if I want to boot off of a USB flash drive to boot into a live Linux distribution in order to clean virus's on netbooks that do not have CD drives to boot from I would push F12 and choose USB device from the list of options. If this does not show up then I can always go to the F2 bios setup and choose flash drive to be the first option. When I restart the computer it will boot into the flash device. I understand that I can purchase an external USB CD drive and then boot from that. I do not want to use that option. The reason for using a flash device instead of a CD is: A: This USB flash device has several different boot OS's on it that are used. B: The antivirus disks are updated often and burning cd's and throwing away others is wasteful compared to simply updating a flash drive. There is nothing wrong with the flash drive. It works perfect on many other PC's. [PROBLEM] Booting this flashdrive has been working for years on hundreds of computers... I just have this ONE computer that I cannot figure out how to get it to boot on... I have a Sony Vaio that will not boot to this device. I've tried pushing every key combo I can think of (F12, Esc, Del, F10...) and none of these key combinations will bring up the boot menu. I chose F2 and went into the bios and changed the first boot device to USB flash device. This did not work either. There is an astrix next to the device and the note states: "This Drive is available when External Device Boot is Enable." [WHAT I NEED] I need to know How to enable External Device Boot on the Sony Vaio VGN-NR260E laptop. OR How to bring up the Boot Menu to allow me to boot off a flash device. Thanks for anyone that can help!

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• Windows 2003 Storage Server Hanging on Large File Transfers

  - by user25272

  In one of our offices we have a Dell PowerVault 745N NAS device which acts as the main file server. Its running 32bit Windows 2003 Storage Server SP2 with 3GB RAM. The server holds around 60 users HOME folders, which are mapped via AD. The office clients are a mix of XP SP3, Vista and Windows 7. Occasionally the server will completely hang when transferring large files. When the hang happens the console becomes unresponsive with only the mouse active and blank wallpaper. Sometimes stopping the copy frees the server, sometimes not. The hanging can last around 20 minutes. During this time other servers also become unresponsive with blank wallpaper at the console. If you do manage to get onto another server the taskbar and run commands are unresponsive. This also transcends to the client computers sometimes with explorer crashing. I'm guessing this is due to the HOME folder mapping. Eventually the NAS server with free up and everything will be back to normal. The server is configured as follows: PERC 4/DC DATA 2 - 12 SCSI HDD - RAID5 SHADOWCOPY 2 SCSI HDD - RAID1 CERC SATA DATA 11 4 SATA HDD - RAID5 OS 4 SATA HDD - RAID5 All the drivers and firmware is up to date. I've been through all the diagnostics with Dell and the hardware has come up clean including full HDD tests on the arrays. The server has NOD32 installed as the AV, but the hanging happens when it is uninstalled. There are no errors in the event log when this happens and we don't have any errors logged on any of our ProCurve switches. DNS is fine on the domain and AD from what I can tell is running happily. There are no DFS or NFS shares setup either. All the shares are standard Windows. I've unchecked the allow the computer to turn off this device to save power box under Power Management on the NIC. "Set Link Speed and Duplex to Auto-negotiate 1000 " Increased Receive Descriptors buffer from 256 to 352 (reserves more CPU resource for handling data) I've run network traces using network monitor and have found the following: 417 8.078125 {SMB:192, NbtSS:25, TCP:24, IPv4:23} 192.168.2.244 192.168.5.35 SMB SMB:R; Nt Create Andx - NT Status: System - Error, Code = (52) STATUS_OBJECT_NAME_NOT_FOUND I've tried different cabling; NICs and switch ports all with the same result. Transferring files from other servers on the domain is fine. All I haven't done is run CHKDSK on the drives to look for any file system errors. On the Vista clients I have also run netsh interface tcp set global autotuning=disabled with no result. Could it be that the server has a faulty drive or that the I/O is too much for it to handle? Any ideas why would the hang cause issues with the other servers on the LAN? Many Thanks.

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• Slash after domain in URL missing for Rails site

  - by joshee

  After redirecting users in a Rails app, for some reason the slash after the domain is missing. Generated URLs are invalid and I'm forced to manually correct them. The problem only occurs on a subdomain. On a different primary domain (same server), everything works ok. For example, after logging out, the site is directing to https://www.sub.domain.comlogin/ rather than https://www.sub.domain.com/login I suspect the issue has something to do with the vhost setup, but I'm not sure. Here are the broken and working vhosts: BROKEN SUBDOMAIN <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName www.sub.domain.com ServerAlias sub.domain.com Redirect permanent / https://www.sub.domain.com </VirtualHost> <VirtualHost *:443> ServerAdmin [email protected] ServerName www.sub.domain.com ServerAlias sub.domain.com RailsEnv production # SSL Engine Switch SSLEngine on # SSL Cipher Suite: SSLCipherSuite ALL:!ADH:!EXPORT56:RC4+RSA:+HIGH:+MEDIUM:+LOW:+SSLv2:+EXP:+eNULL # Server Certificate SSLCertificateFile /path/to/server.crt # Server Private Key SSLCertificateKeyFile /path/to/server.key # Set header to indentify https requests for Mongrel RequestHeader set X_FORWARDED_PROTO "https" BrowserMatch ".*MSIE.*" \ nokeepalive ssl-unclean-shutdown \ downgrade-1.0 force-response-1.0 DocumentRoot /home/usr/www/www.sub.domain.com/current/public/ <Directory "/home/usr/www/www.sub.domain.com/current/public"> AllowOverride all Allow from all Options -MultiViews </Directory> WORKING PRIMARY DOMAIN <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName www.diffdomain.com ServerAlias diffdomain.com Redirect permanent / https://www.diffdomain.com </VirtualHost> <VirtualHost *:443> ServerAdmin [email protected] ServerName www.diffdomain.com ServerAlias diffdomain.com ServerAlias *.diffdomain.com RailsEnv production # SSL Engine Switch SSLEngine on # SSL Cipher Suite: SSLCipherSuite ALL:!ADH:!EXPORT56:RC4+RSA:+HIGH:+MEDIUM:+LOW:+SSLv2:+EXP:+eNULL # Server Certificate SSLCertificateFile /path/to/server.crt # Server Private Key SSLCertificateKeyFile /path/to/server.key # Set header to indentify https requests for Mongrel RequestHeader set X_FORWARDED_PROTO "https" BrowserMatch ".*MSIE.*" \ nokeepalive ssl-unclean-shutdown \ downgrade-1.0 force-response-1.0 DocumentRoot /home/usr/www/www.diffdomain.com/current/public/ <Directory "/home/usr/www/www.diffdomain.com/current/public"> AllowOverride all Allow from all Options -MultiViews </Directory> </VirtualHost> Please let me know if there's anything else I could provide that would help determine what's wrong here. UPDATE tried adding a trailing slash to the redirect command, but still no luck.

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• PHP `virtual()` with Apache MultiViews not working after upgrade to Ubuntu 12.04

  - by Izzy

  I use PHP's virtual() directive quite a lot on one of my sites, including central elements. This worked fine for the last ~10 years -- but after upgrading (or rather moving, as it is on a new machine) to Ubuntu 12.04 it somehow got broken. Example setup (simplified) To make it easier to understand, I simplify some things (contents). So say I need a HTML fragment like <P>For further instructions, please look <A HREF='foobar'>here</P> in multiple pages. 10 years ago, I used SSI for that, so it is put into a file in a central place -- so if e.g. the targeted URL changes, I only need to update it in one place. To serve multiple languages, I have Apache's MultiViews enabled -- and at $DOCUMENT_ROOT/central/ there are the files: foobar.html (English variant, and the default) foobar.html.de (German variant). Now in the PHP code, I simply placed: <? virtual("/central/foobar"); ?> and let Apache take care to deliver the correct language variant. The problem As said, this worked fine for about 10 years: German visitors got the German variant, all others the English (depending on their preferred language). But after upgrading to Ubuntu 12.04, it no longer worked: Either nothing was delivered from the virtual() command, or (in connection with framesets) it even ended up in binary gibberish. Trying to figure out what happens, I played with a lot of things. I first thought MultiViews was (somehow) not available anymore -- but calling http://<server>/central/foobar showed the right variant, depending on the configured language preferences. This also proved there was nothing wrong with file permissions. The error.log gave no clues either (no error message thrown). Finally, just as a "last ressort", I changed the PHP command to <? virtual("central/foobar.html"); ?> -- and that very same file was in fact included. So PHP's virtual() function basically worked -- but the language dependend stuff obviously did no longer work together with it as it did before. Of course I tried to find some change (most likely in PHP's virtual() command), using Google a lot, and also searching the questions here -- unfortunately to no avail. Finally: The question Putting "design questions" aside (surely today I would design things differently -- but at least currently I miss the time to change that for a quite huge amount of pages): What can be done to make it work again? I surely missed something -- but I cannot figure out what...

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• Which hardware to VM ratio for Build-Server virtualization?

  - by Martin

  Let's start with saying that I'm a total noob wrt. to server virtualization. That is, I use VMs often during development, but they're simple desktop machine things for me. Now to my problem: We have two (physical) build servers, one master, one slave running Jenkins to do daily tasks and build (Visual C++ Builds) our release packages for our software. As such these machines are critical to our company, because we do lot's releases and without a controlled environment to create them, we can't ship fixes. (And currently there's no proper backup of these machines in place, because they do not hold any data as such - it just would be a major pain to setup them again should they go bust. (But setting up backup that I'd know would work in case of HW failure would even be more pain, so we have skipped that until now.)) Therefore (and for scaling purposes) we would like to go virtual with these machines. Outsourcing to the cloud is not an option, not at all, so we'll have to use on-premises hardware and VM hosts. Each Build-Server (master or slave) is a fully configured (installs, licenses, shares in case of the master, ...) Windows Server box. I would now ideally like to just convert the (two) existing physical nodes to VM images and run them. Later add more VM slave instances as clones of the existing ones. And here begin my questions: Should I go for one VM per one hardware-box or should I go for something where a single hardware runs multiple VMs? That would mean a single point of failure hardware wise and doesn't seem like a good idea ... or?? Since we're doing C++ compilation with Visual Studio, I assume that during a build the hardware (processor cores + disk) will be fully utilized, so going with more than one build-node per hardware doesn't seem to make much sense?? Wrt. to hardware options, does it make any difference which VM software we use (VMWare, MS, Virtualbox, ... ?) (We're using Windows exclusively for our builds.) Regarding budget: We have a normal small company (20 developers) budget for this. ;-) That is, if it's going to cost a few k$ it's going to cost. If it's free - the better. I strongly prefer solutions where there's no multi-k$ maintenance costs per year.

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• Rails /tmp/cache/assets permissions issue using Debian virtual machine hosted on OS X Lion

  - by Jim

  I am running Parallels Desktop 7 on OS X Lion. I have a VM with Debian installed, and inside that VM I setup a Rails development environment. I am using Parallels Tools to share out my OS X home directory to the VM - the goal here is to run the Rails server on the VM, but host the files on OS X (so they are automatically backed up, and so I can use tools like Textmate to develop with). Everything seems to work with the shared directory - my Debian user can read, write, and execute files. However, when I cloned a recent Rails project from Git, I got an error message when it tried to compile the CSS assets. My symptoms are exactly the same as in the question: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/7556774/rails-sprocket-error-compiling-css-assest-chown-issue I believe this is permissions-based, but it is really weird. My entire Rails project directory has permissions set to 777 and my Debian user owns it. If I navigate into /tmp/cache/assets, those permissions are the same. However, the three-character directories Rails is creating (DCE, DA1, D05, etc...) are being created without write permissions! If I refresh the Rails page a few times, about 4 or 5 (with Rails creating new three-character directories every time), eventually it will create one of the directories with the proper 777 permissions and everything will work! This will persist until I make a change to the CSS files and it has to recompile. Does anyone have any idea what might be going on here? I can't fathom why it is creating temp directories with incorrect permissions, or why after a few refreshes the good permissions kick in and it works... It definitely seems to be an issue with the share, since if I move the project into a different directory on the VM, it seems to work fine. On the OS X side, I've given the shared folder 777 permissions as well, but no dice...any ideas? Update I've found that the number of times I need to refresh before it works is not random - it has to do with how many assets are being compiled. For example, if I edit one of my CSS files, and there are four CSS files in the app/assets/stylesheets directory, I have to refresh four times before the app will finally work without the operation not permitted error...

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• How do I (robustly) remotely execute tasks on Windows workstations in a domain?

  - by Zac B

  I'm not even sure if "robustly" is a word. Anyway. Context: We have a few hundred Windows 7 workstations on a LAN. We use AD/GPO management pretty heavily, but there are a lot of periodic and/or manual maintenance tasks we need to do that can't be done via GPO/scheduled task. For example, say I want to execute program X (which runs silently, in the background, and doesn't bother the user) on workstation Y, or say I want to execute task A on a workstation group B either on a schedule or on demand. Kicking the users off of their computers to do this (i.e. using RDP) is a no-no, and doesn't work on groups anyway. Question: What's the best way to do this that is robust enough that, after setup, I could give it to beginner support people (read: people who are phobic of the command line, and get confused with GUI interfaces more complicated than Firefox)? I'm a competent programmer, and, if there is a robust set of tools or framework out there for this type of task, I'd consider hacking something together myself if it didn't take too long. If there's some combination of tools or techniques that others use to make remote-workstation-administration doable by beginners, I have yet to find it. For those who care about the "why": I'm midlevel IT, and was told to implement a remote management solution that allows arbitrary/scheduled remote execution, with confirmation that programs actually ran remotely, and the ability to view what they returned. "Why?" I asked, "Can't I just use PsExec and the task scheduler on a dispatcher machine?" "No," I was told, "'Joe' the second-week tech is going to be in charge of this one, and he needs something simple with a GUI." What I've tried: I've played with making a bunch of one-clickable "transfer files to remote computer and run them with PsExec" batch/VB scrips, but those tend to break down and don't easily support running on customizable groups. I've played a little bit with the Windows version of Puppet, but it doesn't support arbitrary-time remote execution (it's ability to group computers into a tree/node structure is really nice though). I've used an older version of Altiris, and, while it does a lot of what I want, it's interface is awful, it's slow, crashes a lot, and is probably too expensive for management. SwiftWater's DMS solution does some of what I want, but it's very underdeveloped, closed-source (not a deal breaker but not ideal), and I get the impression that support and reliability are lacking.

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• Biztalk 2009 install help

  - by _pemex99_

  Hi, I try to install Biztalk2009, with SQL 2008R2CTPNov, on Win Server 2008. I'm blocked at the configuration step "groups" : [19:22:18 Info Configuration Framework]Configuring feature: WMI [19:22:18 Info BtsCfg] Entering function: CBtsCfg::ConfigureFeature [19:22:18 Info BtsCfg] Configuring feature: WMI [19:22:18 Info BtsCfg] Entering function: CBtsCfg::IsSelectedAnswer [19:22:18 Info BtsCfg] Leaving function: CBtsCfg::IsSelectedAnswer [19:22:18 Info BtsCfg] Entering function: CWMI::Connect [19:22:18 Info BtsCfg] WMI is already connected [19:22:18 Info BtsCfg] Leaving function: CWMI::Connect [19:22:18 Info ConfigHelper] NT group BizTalk Server Operators was not created because it already exists [19:22:18 Info ConfigHelper NetAPI Info: ] Le groupe local spécifié existe déjà. [19:22:18 Info ConfigHelper] NT group BizTalk Server Administrators was not created because it already exists [19:22:18 Info ConfigHelper NetAPI Info: ] Le groupe local spécifié existe déjà. [19:22:18 Info BtsCfg] Entering function: CWMI::CreateGroup 2010-01-14 19:22:18:0527 [INFO] WMI CWMIInstProv::PutInstance() try to acquire lock 2010-01-14 19:22:18:0539 [INFO] WMI CWMIInstProv::PutInstance() lock acquired successfully 2010-01-14 19:22:18:0546 [INFO] WMI CWMIInstProv::VerifyMgmtDbCompatibility(CInstance) started 2010-01-14 19:22:18:0553 [INFO] WMI CWMIInstProv::VerifyMgmtDbCompatibility(CInstance) finished successfully 2010-01-14 19:22:18:0564 [INFO] WMI CWMIInstProv::PutInstance(MSBTS_GroupSetting.MgmtDbName="BizTalkMgmtDb",MgmtDbServerName="ECTXEVLBZTK") started 2010-01-14 19:22:18:0572 [INFO] WMI CAdapter::ConvertWMI2Admin() started 2010-01-14 19:22:18:0581 [INFO] WMI CDataContainer::SetWCHAR() - Possible problem: item value is overwritten 2010-01-14 19:22:18:0591 [INFO] WMI CAdapter::ConvertWMI2Admin() finished with HR=0 2010-01-14 19:22:18:0611 [INFO] WMI QueryStringValue query regkey 'MgmtDBServer' 2010-01-14 19:22:18:0620 [INFO] WMI CAdmCoreGroupInst::TryCreateNewGroup() started 2010-01-14 19:22:18:0632 [INFO] WMI Creating Mgmt database... 2010-01-14 19:22:18:0641 [INFO] WMI Calling CDataSource.Open() against ECTXEVLBZTK\master 2010-01-14 19:22:18:0792 [INFO] WMI CDataSource.Open() returned 2010-01-14 19:22:18:0810 [WARN] AdminLib GetBTSMessage: hrErr=80040e1d; Msg=Error "0x80040E1D" occurred.; 2010-01-14 19:22:18:0824 [WARN] AdminLib GetBTSMessage: hrErr=c0c02524; Msg=Failed to create Management database "BizTalkMgmtDb" on server "ECTXEVLBZTK". Error "0x80040E1D" occurred.; 2010-01-14 19:22:18:0835 [ERR] WMI Failed in pAdmInst->Create() in CWMIInstProv::PutInstance(). HR=c0c02524 2010-01-14 19:22:18:0846 [ERR] WMI WMI error description is generated: Failed to create Management database "BizTalkMgmtDb" on server "ECTXEVLBZTK". Error "0x80040E1D" occurred. 2010-01-14 19:22:18:0860 [INFO] WMI CWMIInstProv::PutInstance() finished. HR=c0c02524 [19:22:18 Error BtsCfg] f:\bt\890\private\source\setup\prod\btssetup\btscfg\btswmi.cpp(358): FAILED hr = c0c02524 [19:22:18 Error BtsCfg] Failed to create Management database "BizTalkMgmtDb" on server "ECTXEVLBZTK". Error "0x80040E1D" occurred. It seems that the install can't create Managment database, But the SSO database is created OK... Has someone a clue ?

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• Virtualbox - routing subnet to bridge adapters

  - by user42384

  Hello, I have set up a Debian Lenny box with 3 vbox Lenny machines running eth0 of the host in bridged mode (on virtualbox 3.1.6). When testing in my local LAN, this all worked perfectly well and traffic flowed to and from the IPs of the virtual machines as it should. However, now that it's in its co-lo home, the networking setup is a bit different, and I'm unable to get traffic to flow to the vboxes properly. Specifically, the host has its own Primary IP, and I have a separate subnet of 8 (6 usable) IPs routed to the box for use by the vboxes. So, eth0 on host is: Machine IP: 2x.x.x.137 Gateway IP: 2x.x.x.138 Subnet Msk: 255.255.255.252 Subnet for vboxes is Subnet: 2x.x.x.240/29 Netmask: 255.255.255.248 vbox1 is configured to 2x.x.x.241 on eth0 as follows: auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 2x.x.x.241 netmask 255.255.255.248 Setting up a virtual interface (eth0:0) on the host with one of these subnet IPs allows me to ping to that address only from vbox1, and it allows me to ping vbox1 from the host. I can also ping that virtual interface perfectly well from outside, so the IPs are definitely landing at my machine. It seems I'm missing some sort of routing instruction either on the host or vbox1 to get traffic moving between the subnet and the default gateway, but I can't seem to figure out what it should be, or what glaringly obvious thing i'm missing. Most of my obvious attempts (the gw of eth0, the ip of eth0) were rejected by route command with SIOCADDRT: No such device (eg - i can't find it). I tried setting vbox1 to bridge on eth0:0, but this was not an acceptable device name and VBoxHeadless refused to start. The physical machine does have an unused physical NIC at eth1 that can be used if necessary for something or other. Host machine is running iptables configured by ferm, have experimented with it allowing forwarding for that subnet, but I wouldn't have thought this was necessary given the nature of the virtualbox devices (nor did it actually work). Clearing out all of these rules for a blank iptables set does not resolve the issue. (you can see ferm generated iptables at http://codedumper.com/ojaze) Thanks for any help you can give... Patrick

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• recommendations for efficient offsite remote backup solution of vm's

  - by senorsmile

  I am looking for recommendations for backing up my current 6 vm's(and soon to grow to up to 20). Currently I am running a two node proxmox cluster(which is a debian base using kvm for virtualization with a custom web front end to administer). I have two nearly identical boxes with amd phenom II x4's and asus motherboards. Each has 4 500 GB sata2 hdd's, 1 for the os and other data for the proxmox install, and 3 using mdadm+drbd+lvm to share the 1.5 TB's of storage between the two machines. I mount lvm images to kvm for all of the virtual machines. I currently have the ability to do live transfer from one machine to the other, typically within seconds(it takes about 2 minutes on the largest vm running win2008 with m$ sql server). I am using proxmox's built-in vzdump utility to take snapshots of the vm's and store those on an external harddrive on the network. I then have jungledisk service (using rackspace) to sync the vzdump folder for remote offsite backup. This is all fine and dandy, but it's not very scalable. For one, the backups themselves can take up to a few hours every night. With jungledisk's block level incremental transfers, the sync only transfers a small portion of the data offsite, but that still takes at least a half an hour. The much better solution would of course be something that allows me to instantly take the difference of two time points (say what was written from 6am to 7am), zip it, then send that difference file to the backup server which would instantly transfer to the remote storage on rackspace. I have looked a little into zfs and it's ability to do send/receive. That coupled with a pipe of the data in bzip or something would seem perfect. However, it seems that implementing a nexenta server with zfs would essentially require at least one or two more dedicated storage servers to serve iSCSI block volumes (via zvol's???) to the proxmox servers. I would prefer to keep the setup as minimal as possible (i.e. NOT having separate storage servers) if at all possible. I have also briefly read about zumastor. It looks like it could also do what I want, but it appears to have halted development in 2008. So, zfs, zumastor or other?

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• Unknown problem causing major computer failure, Booting problem with windows 7, mainly with 0x0000000A

  - by ken

  Where do I begin? OS=Windows 7 I think it all started when I ran an installation file. I suspect it may have been a virus (even though AVG scan didnt pick anything up). The installation failed, computer crashed then restarted. In the middle of the reboot, I get BSOD. Normal boot up doesnt work so I use safe mode. Method 1: Not a problem I thought cos I will do what I normally do and that was to recover from my image file. Unfortunately, my Acronis software cant recover in safe mode. Method 2: I created a bootable disc for the Acronis recovery software. Managed to boot to Acronis and started the recovery from image file. This fail with some error message (did not manage to record). Something to do with not be able to copy to $AVG folder. Method 3: At this stage, assumed it was still a virus causing the problem so decided to format that partition to remove everything and hopefully the virus too. Had a lot of problems trying to bypass the system to allow me to format but (i think- more on this later) I managed to do that. Image was recovered, thought problem was resolved. Tried to boot windows but new error: Boot Manager is missing. Read up on this and managed to copy the Boot Manager from my Laptop's Manufacturer's partition (partition contains factory setup image file). Windows loaded but new BSOD with 0x000000A problem. Method 4: Attempted to reinstall factory settings but this failed cos i suspect by formating the partition, I may have removed the recovery software. Tried to create a bootable dvd of factory setting but machine is so bad it continues to crash. Bootable dvd method failed. Method 5:Spent alot of time reading up on this error, even installed a software to help scan and fix the problem. Scan failed and software required money! Anyway, lots of BSOD with different error message like 0x00000001A and 0x0000000D1. Error message changes with some reboots. Method 6: Found a hotfix from the windows site to fix 0x0000000A problem, great I thought! In safe mode, I cant install the file cos of error:0x8007043c. Tried to then install the fix in normal mode but installation just hangs. Returned to safe mode and followed advice to bypass 0x8007043c by changing the BITS status (read here: http://www.vistaheads.com/forums/microsoft-public-windowsupdate/181931-error-number-0x8007043c-windows-update.html). However, my machine at this time is so flaky that it hangs everytime i right mouse click the computer icon. I am at my wits end. Ya help or ideas? Cheers

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• Is this iptables NAT exploitable from the external side?

  - by Karma Fusebox

  Could you please have a short look on this simple iptables/NAT-Setup, I believe it has a fairly serious security issue (due to being too simple). On this network there is one internet-connected machine (running Debian Squeeze/2.6.32-5 with iptables 1.4.8) acting as NAT/Gateway for the handful of clients in 192.168/24. The machine has two NICs: eth0: internet-faced eth1: LAN-faced, 192.168.0.1, the default GW for 192.168/24 Routing table is two-NICs-default without manual changes: Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 192.168.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth1 (externalNet) 0.0.0.0 255.255.252.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 0.0.0.0 (externalGW) 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 The NAT is then enabled only and merely by these actions, there are no more iptables rules: echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward /sbin/iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE # (all iptables policies are ACCEPT) This does the job, but I miss several things here which I believe could be a security issue: there is no restriction about allowed source interfaces or source networks at all there is no firewalling part such as: (set policies to DROP) /sbin/iptables -A FORWARD -i eth0 -o eth1 -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT /sbin/iptables -A FORWARD -i eth1 -o eth0 -j ACCEPT And thus, the questions of my sleepless nights are: Is this NAT-service available to anyone in the world who sets this machine as his default gateway? I'd say yes it is, because there is nothing indicating that an incoming external connection (via eth0) should be handled any different than an incoming internal connection (via eth1) as long as the output-interface is eth0 - and routing-wise that holds true for both external und internal clients that want to access the internet. So if I am right, anyone could use this machine as open proxy by having his packets NATted here. So please tell me if that's right or why it is not. As a "hotfix" I have added a "-s 192.168.0.0/24" option to the NAT-starting command. I would like to know if not using this option was indeed a security issue or just irrelevant thanks to some mechanism I am not aware of. As the policies are all ACCEPT, there is currently no restriction on forwarding eth1 to eth0 (internal to external). But what are the effective implications of currently NOT having the restriction that only RELATED and ESTABLISHED states are forwarded from eth0 to eth1 (external to internal)? In other words, should I rather change the policies to DROP and apply the two "firewalling" rules I mentioned above or is the lack of them not affecting security? Thanks for clarification!

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