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  • Is it customary to write Java domain objects / data transfer objects with public member variables on mobile platforms?

    - by Sean Mickey
    We performed a code review recently of mobile application Java code that was developed by an outside contractor and noticed that all of the domain objects / data transfer objects are written in this style: public class Category { public String name; public int id; public String description; public int parentId; } public class EmergencyContact { public long id; public RelationshipType relationshipType; public String medicalProviderType; public Contact contact; public String otherPhone; public String notes; public PersonName personName; } Of course, these members are then accessed directly everywhere else in the code. When we asked about this, the developers told us that this is a customary performance enhancement design pattern that is used on mobile platforms, because mobile devices are resource-limited environments. It doesn't seem to make sense; accessing private members via public getters/setters doesn't seem like it could add much overhead. And the added benefits of encapsulation seem to outweigh the benefits of this coding style. Is this generally true? Is this something that is normally done on mobile platforms for the reasons given above? All feedback welcome and appreciated -

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  • Algorithm to use for shop floor layout?

    - by jkohlhepp
    I ran into a classroom problem yesterday (business oriented class, not computer science) and I found it interesting from an algorithmic perspective. The problem goes something like this: Assume there is a shop floor with N different rooms, and you have N different departments that need to go in those rooms. The departments and the rooms are all the same size, so any department could go in any room. There is a known travel distance from each room to each other room. There is also a known amount of trips necessary from one department to another (trips are counted the same regardless which room they originate from, so a trip from A to B is equivalent to a trip from B to A). Given those inputs, determine a layout of departments into rooms which minimizes travel time. What is the best way to approach this problem algorithmically? Is there already a particular algorithm or class of algorithms designed to solve this type of problem? Does this type of problem have a name in computer science? I am not looking for you to design an algorithm to solve this, although feel free to do so if you would like. I'm wondering if this is a problem space that has already been well defined and studied algorithmically and if so get some links to research further. I can see a lot of different data structures and algorithms that might apply to this and I'm curious which approach would be "best". And don't worry, you are not doing my homework for me. This is not a homework problem per se, as this is a business course and we were simply discussing the concepts and not trying to solve the problem algorithmically.

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  • Minecraft in jdk 1.7.0_u2 x64

    - by Nela Drobná
    I have Ubuntu 11.10 64-bit and I installed JDK 1.7.0 update 2 x64 via webupd8 page. But currently I have problem with minecraft game. After downloading launcher from Minecraft.net and lauch the game by java -jar /home/zrebec/Downloads/minecraft.jar launcehr is launched normaly, after login the game download the updates but then I got just the black screen with this in terminal: Setting user: zrebec, -356009615199623309 Exception in thread "Minecraft main thread" java.lang.UnsatisfiedLinkError: /home/zrebec/.minecraft/bin/natives/liblwjgl.so: /home/zrebec/.minecraft/bin/natives/liblwjgl.so: wrong ELF class: ELFCLASS32 (Possible cause: architecture word width mismatch) at java.lang.ClassLoader$NativeLibrary.load(Native Method) at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadLibrary0(ClassLoader.java:1928) at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadLibrary(ClassLoader.java:1825) at java.lang.Runtime.load0(Runtime.java:792) at java.lang.System.load(System.java:1059) at org.lwjgl.Sys$1.run(Sys.java:69) at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method) at org.lwjgl.Sys.doLoadLibrary(Sys.java:65) at org.lwjgl.Sys.loadLibrary(Sys.java:81) at org.lwjgl.Sys.<clinit>(Sys.java:98) at org.lwjgl.opengl.Display.<clinit>(Display.java:132) at net.minecraft.client.Minecraft.a(SourceFile:180) at net.minecraft.client.Minecraft.run(SourceFile:648) at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:722) Please anyone can help me with this? I think that problem will be in architecture becase: liblwjgl.so: /home/zrebec/.minecraft/bin/natives/liblwjgl.so: wrong ELF class: ELFCLASS32 (Possible cause: architecture word width mismatch) Any idea please? I know, maybe this one is off topic because maybe its not Ubuntu problem maybe but in 64-bit works all perfectly and I think that accepted answer can help to many users and can make better playing games under linux. Really. Thank you very much for any idea.

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  • PHP 5.4 Support: Minor Features

    - by Ondrej Brejla
    Hi all! This weak is another PHP weak. Asking why? PHP migrates to Git and GitHub! Isn't that cool? And this week is also NetBeans for PHP week, because we have some new NetBeans 7.2 features for you. Note: All PHP 5.4 features are available in your projects after setting Project Properties -> Sources -> PHP Version to PHP 5.4 value, or after choosing the same value during a PHP Project creation (in New Project Wizard). Callable type hint Let's start with a new PHP 5.4 type hint - callable. It's now in code completion and you can use it in your function declarations! Binary notation for integers The next feature is about recognizing of a new binary notation for integers, so you can use it without any problem - no syntax error will occur. Class::{expr}() And the last feature is about using of Class::{expr}() invocation. It's supported by our parser too, so no syntax errors will occur either. That's all for today and as usual, please test it and if you find something strange, don't hesitate to file a new issue (component php, subcomponent Editor). Thanks.

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  • Brand New Annotations Support

    - by Ondrej Brejla
    Hi all! Today we would like to introduce you our brand new annotation support for NetBeans 7.2. The first thing which is different is the look of annotations in code completion. As you can see, there is a new annotation icon and an annotation type. Because we have a lot of modules with their own annotations, we differ them in code completion window by their type. We support annotations for: ApiGen (legacy PHPDoc annotations), PHPUnit, Doctrine 2 (ORM and ODM) and Symfony 2. Every annotation can be associated with some context. We recognize four of them: function, class/interface (type), method and field. It means that you will get just proper annotations for your class field as well as your global function. Do you have your own annotations? Or do you simply miss some? There is nothing hard to add it in there. We have a simple UI for adding your custom annotations! It's in Tools -> Options -> PHP -> Annotations. Here you can simply add, edit or delete your annotations. When you try to create new one, all fields are prefilled by some default values. So you really don't have to remember "how to use that crazy freemarker syntax". If you are satisfied with your new annotation, you can see it in a code completion window among other annotations. As you can see it has its own "Custom" type. That's all for today and as usual, please test it and if you find something strange, don't hesitate to file a new issue (component php, subcomponent Editor). Thanks.

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  • Should mock objects for tests be created at a high or low level

    - by Danack
    When creating unit tests for those other objects, what is the best way to create mock objects that provide data to other objects. Should they be created at a 'high level' and intercept the calls as soon as possible, or should they be done at a 'low level' and so make as much as the real code still be called? e.g. I'm writing a test for some code that requires a NoteMapper object that allows Notes to be loaded from the DB. class NoteMapper { function getNote($sqlQueryFactory, $noteID) { // Create an SQL query from $sqlQueryFactory // Run that SQL // if null // return null // else // return new Note($dataFromSQLQuery) } } I could either mock this object at a high level by creating a mock NoteMapper object, so that there are no calls to the SQL at all e.g. class MockNoteMapper { function getNote($sqlQueryFactory, $noteID) { //$mockData = {'Test Note title', "Test note text" } // return new Note($mockData); } } Or I could do it at a very low level, by creating a MockSQLQueryFactory that instead of actually querying the database just provides mock data back, and passing that to the current NoteMapper object. It seems that creating mocks at a high level would be easier in the short term, but that in the long term doing it at a low level would be more powerful and possibly allow more automation of tests e.g. by recording data in an out of a DB and then replaying that data for tests. Is there a recommended way of creating mocks? Are there any hard and fast rules about which are better, or should they both be used where appropriate?

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  • Monitor network connectivity in WP7 apps

    - by Daniel Moth
    Most interesting Windows Phone apps rely on some network service for their functionality. So at some point in your app you may need to know programmatically if there is network connection available or not. For example, the Translator by Moth app relies on the Bing Translation service for translations. When a request for translation (text or voice) is made, the network call may fail. The failure reason is not evident from any of the return results, so I check the connection to see if it is present. Dependent on that, a different message is shown to the user. Before the translation phase is even reached, at the app start up time the Bing service is queried for its list of  languages; in that case I don't want to show the user a message and instead want to be notified when the network is available in order to send the query out again. So for those two requirements (which I imagine are common in other apps) I wrote a simple wrapper MyNetwork static class to the framework APIs: Call once MyNetwork.MonitorNetworkAvailability() method so it monitors the network change At any time check the MyNetwork.IsConnected property to check for network presence Subscribe to its MyNetwork.ConnectionEstablished event Optionally, during debugging use its MyNetwork.ChangeStatus method to simulate a change in network status As usual, there may be better ways to achieve this, but this class works perfectly for my scenarios. You can download the code here: MyNetworks.cs. Comments about this post welcome at the original blog.

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  • Four Proven Advantages of Online Learning | Outside Cost, Accessibility or Flexibility

    - by Mohit Phogat
    Coursera believes that online courses complement and supplement traditional education (versus a common misconception online will “replace” traditional.) Our research shows that Coursera’s platform, when used concurrently with a traditional classroom setup, is ideal for “blended learning” (i.e., students watch lectures pre-class, then class-time focuses on interactive work and discussion.) Additionally, we agree with Brad Zomick of SkilledUp—an online learning aggregator—who acknowledges an online course “isn’t an alternative at all but rather a different path with its own rewards.” The advantages of Coursera and our apps for mobile were straightforward and conspicuous from the start: we’re free, open, and flexible to learners’ unique needs and style. Over the past two years, however, the evidence proves there are many more tangible benefits to open, online learning. In SkilledUp’s “The Advantages of Online Courses [Infographic]”–crafted from findings of leading educational research–four observations stand out from the overt characteristics: Speedier Learning - “Research shows that online students achieve same or better learning results in about half the time as those in traditional courses” More Active, Engaged & Motivated - Learners thrive “when working with coursework that is challenging but within their capacity to master.” Tangible Skill Building - with an “improved attitude toward learning” Better Teaching Quality - Courses are taught by experts, with various multimedia and cutting-edge technology, and “are usually better organized than traditional courses” This is only the beginning, Courserians! Everyday we hear your incredible stories on how open online courses enrich your lives and enhance your careers. Meanwhile we study the steady stream of scientific, big-data research proving their worth on a large-scale (such as UPenn’s latest research on the welcomed diversity in Coursera-hosted Wharton MBA courses.) Our motto “Learning without Limits” reminds us that open, online courses give tremendous opportunity to those that might not otherwise have access (or time, or money) to study at a high-caliber institution. Source: Coursera

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  • how a pure functional programming language manage without assignment statements?

    - by Gnijuohz
    When reading the famous SICP,I found the authors seem rather reluctant to introduce the assignment statement to Scheme in Chapter 3.I read the text and kind of understand why they feel so. As Scheme is the first functional programming language I ever know something about,I am kind of surprised that there are some functional programming languages(not Scheme of course) can do without assignments. Let use the example the book offers,the bank account example.If there is no assignment statement,how can this be done?How to change the balance variable?I ask so because I know there are some so-called pure functional languages out there and according to the Turing complete theory,this must can be done too. I learned C,Java,Python and use assignments a lot in every program I wrote.So it's really an eye-opening experience.I really hope someone can briefly explain how assignments are avoided in those functional programming languages and what profound impact(if any) it has on these languages. The example mentioned above is here: (define (make-withdraw balance) (lambda (amount) (if (>= balance amount) (begin (set! balance (- balance amount)) balance) "Insufficient funds"))) This changed the balance by set!.To me it looks a lot like a class method to change the class member balance. As I said,I am not familiar with functional programming languages,so if I said something wrong about them,feel free to point out.

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  • First Minecraft mod not working: make a new sword

    - by yamikoWebs
    I am making my first mod and cannot see what is wrong with it. I am using MCP and Modloader. For my first mod I was going to make swords. I started with making a new EnumToolMaterials WOOD(0, 59, 2.0F, 0, 15), STONE(1, 131, 4.0F, 1, 5), IRON(2, 250, 6.0F, 2, 14), LAPIS(3, 750, 7.0F, 2, 14), OBSIDIAN(3, 1000, 7.5F, 3, 12), EMERALD(3, 1561, 8.0F, 3, 10),//diamond GREEN(3, 2000, 9.0F, 4, 10),//emerald GOLD(0, 200, 12.0F, 0, 22); then here is the mod class public class _Mod_Yamiko extends BaseMod{ /* mod itemts */ public static final Item swordLapis = (new ItemSword(600, EnumToolMaterial.LAPIS)).setItemName("swordLapis"); public static final Item swordObsidian = (new ItemSword(601, EnumToolMaterial.OBSIDIAN)).setItemName("swordObsidian"); public static final Item swordGreen = (new ItemSword(602, EnumToolMaterial.GREEN)).setItemName("swordGreen"); public void load(){ //set images swordLapis.iconIndex = ModLoader.addOverride("/gui/items.png","/gui/swordLapis.png"); ModLoader.addName(swordLapis, "Lapis Sword"); //craft ModLoader.addRecipe(new ItemStack(_Mod_Yamiko.swordLapis, 1), new Object[]{ " X ", " X ", " Y ", 'X', Block.dirt, 'Y', Item.stick }); } public String getVersion(){ return "0.1"; } } Then I made a 16×16 .png image. I am not sure where to save it so I recompiled and reobfuscated, took the mod files and put it in my local Minecraft install, added the image where it be should be. No problems when playing but I cannot make the new sword.

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  • Purpose of "new" keyword

    - by Channel72
    The new keyword in languages like Java, Javascript, and C# creates a new instance of a class. This syntax seems to have been inherited from C++, where new is used specifically to allocate a new instance of a class on the heap, and return a pointer to the new instance. In C++, this is not the only way to construct an object. You can also construct an object on the stack, without using new - and in fact, this way of constructing objects is much more common in C++. So, coming from a C++ background, the new keyword in languages like Java, Javascript, and C# seemed natural and obvious to me. Then I started to learn Python, which doesn't have the new keyword. In Python, an instance is constructed simply by calling the constructor, like: f = Foo() At first, this seemed a bit off to me, until it occurred to me that there's no reason for Python to have new, because everything is an object so there's no need to disambiguate between various constructor syntaxes. But then I thought - what's really the point of new in Java? Why should we say Object o = new Object();? Why not just Object o = Object();? In C++ there's definitely a need for new, since we need to distinguish between allocating on the heap and allocating on the stack, but in Java all objects are constructed on the heap, so why even have the new keyword? The same question could be asked for Javascript. In C#, which I'm much less familiar with, I think new may have some purpose in terms of distinguishing between object types and value types, but I'm not sure. Regardless, it seems to me that many languages which came after C++ simply "inherited" the new keyword - without really needing it. It's almost like a vestigial keyword. We don't seem to need it for any reason, and yet it's there. Question: Am I correct about this? Or is there some compelling reason that new needs to be in C++-inspired memory-managed languages like Java, Javascript and C#?

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  • How to create single integer index value based on two integers where first is unlimited?

    - by Jan Doggen
    I have table data containing an integer value X ranging from 1.... unknown, and an integer value Y ranging from 1..9 The data need to be presented in order 'X then Y'. For one visual component I can set multiple index names: X;Y But for another component I need a one-dimensional integer value as index (sort order). If X were limited to an upper bound of say 100, the one-dimensional value could simply be X*100 + Y. If the one-dimensional value could have been a real, it could be X + Y/10. But if I want to keep X unlimited, is there a way to calculate a single integer 'indexing' value from X and Y? [Added] Background information: I have a Gantt/TreeList component where the tasks are ordered on a TaskIndex integer. This does not need to be a real database field, I can make it a calculated field in the underlying client dataset. My table data is e.g. as follows: ID Baseline ParentID 1 0 0 (task) 5 2 1 (baseline) 8 1 1 (baseline) 9 0 0 (task) 12 0 0 (task) 16 1 12 (baseline) Task 1 has two baselines numbered 1 and 2 (IDs 8 and 5) Task 9 has no baselines Task 12 has one baseline numbered 1 (ID 16) Baselines number 1-9 (the Y variable from my question); 0 or null identify the tasks ID's are unlimited (the X variable) The user plays with visibility of baselines, e.g. he wants to see all tasks with all baselines labeled 1. This is done by updating a filter on the table. Right now I constantly have to recalculate TaskIndex after changing the filter (looping through records). It would be nice if TaskIndex could be calculated on the fly for each record knowing only the data in the current record (I work in Delphi where a client dataset has an OnCalcFields event handler, that is triggered for each record when necessary). I have no control over the inner workings of the visual component.

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  • Do you tend to write your own name or your company name in your code?

    - by Connell Watkins
    I've been working on various projects at home and at work, and over the years I've developed two main APIs that I use in almost all AJAX based websites. I've compiled both of these into DLLs and called the namespaces Connell.Database and Connell.Json. My boss recently saw these namespaces in a software documentation for a project for the company and said I shouldn't be using my own name in the code. (But it's my code!) One thing to bear in mind is that we're not a software company. We're an IT support company, and I'm the only full-time software developer here, so there's not really any procedures on how we should write software in the company. Another thing to bear in mind is that I do intend on one day releasing these DLLs as open-source projects. How do other developers group their namespaces within their company? Does anyone use the same class libraries in personal and in work projects? Also does this work the other way round? If I write a class library entirely at work, who owns that code? If I've seen the library through from start to finish, designed it and programmed it. Can I use that for another project at home? Thanks, Update I've spoken to my boss about this issue and he agrees that they're my objects and he's fine for me to open-source them. Before this conversation I started changing the objects anyway, which was actually quite productive and the code now suits this specific project more-so than it did previously. But thank you to everyone involved for a very interesting debate. I hope all this text isn't wasted and someone learns from it. I certainly did. Cheers,

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  • Capitalizing on JavaScript's prototypal inheritance

    - by keithjgrant
    JavaScript has a class-free object system in which objects inherit properties directly from other objects. This is really powerful, but it is unfamiliar to classically trained programmers. If you attempt to apply classical design patterns directly to JavaScript, you will be frustrated. But if you learn to work with JavaScript's prototypal nature, your efforts will be rewarded. ... It is Lisp in C's clothing. -Douglas Crockford What does this mean for a game developer working with canvas and HTML5? I've been looking over this question on useful design patterns in gaming, but prototypal inheritance is very different than classical inheritance, and there are surely differences in the best way to apply some of these common patterns. For example, classical inheritance allows us to create a moveableEntity class, and extend that with any classes that move in our game world (player, monster, bullet, etc.). Sure, you can strongarm JavaScript to work that way, but in doing so, you are kind of fighting against its nature. Is there a better approach to this sort of problem when we have prototypal inheritance at our fingertips?

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  • Drawing text from update method in XNA

    - by Sigh-AniDe
    I am having a problem drawing the "Game Over!" text once the user is on the last tile. This is what I have: The Update and drawText methods are in a class named turtle: public void Update(float scalingFactor, int[,] map, SpriteBatch batch, SpriteFont font) { if (isMovable(mapX, mapY - 1, map)) { position.Y = position.Y - (int)scalingFactor; angle = 0.0f; Program.form.direction = ""; if (mapX == 17 && mapY == 1)// This is the last tile(Tested) { Program.form.BackColor = System.Drawing.Color.Red; drawText(batch, font); } } } public void drawText(SpriteBatch spritebatch, SpriteFont spriteFont) { textPosition.X = 200; // a vector2 textPosition.Y = 200; spritebatch.Begin(SpriteSortMode.BackToFront, BlendState.AlphaBlend); spritebatch.DrawString(spriteFont, "Game Over!!!", textPosition, Color.Red); spritebatch.End(); } This update is in the Game1 class: protected override void Update(GameTime gameTime) { // Allows the game to exit if (GamePad.GetState(PlayerIndex.One).Buttons.Back == ButtonState.Pressed) this.Exit(); turtle.Update(scalingFactor, map, spriteBatch, font); base.Update(gameTime); } I have also added the font content to LoadContent: font = Content.Load<SpriteFont>("fontType"); What am I doing wrong? Why does the text not want to show on game completion? If I call the turtle.draw() in the main Draw method. The "Game Over" text stays on screen from the beggining. What am I missing? Thanks

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  • How to get initial API right using TDD?

    - by Vytautas Mackonis
    This might be a rather silly question as I am at my first attempts at TDD. I loved the sense of confidence it brings and generally better structure of my code but when I started to apply it on something bigger than one-class toy examples, I ran into difficulties. Suppose, you are writing a library of sorts. You know what it has to do, you know a general way of how it is supposed to be implemented (architecture wise), but you keep "discovering" that you need to make changes to your public API as you code. Perhaps you need to transform this private method into strategy pattern (and now need to pass a mocked strategy in your tests), perhaps you misplaced a responsibility here and there and split an existing class. When you are improving upon existing code, TDD seems a really good fit, but when you are writing everything from scratch, the API you write tests for is a bit "blurry" unless you do a big design up front. What do you do when you already have 30 tests on the method that had its signature (and for that part, behavior) changed? That is a lot of tests to change once they add up.

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  • I need advice on laptop purchase for university [closed]

    - by Systemic33
    I'm currently in University studying Computer Science/IT/Information Technology. And this first year i've managed to do with the laptop I had; an ASUS Eee PC 1000H with a 10.1" screen. But this is getting way too underpowered and small for programming more than just quick programming introduction excercises. So I'm looking to buy a more suitable laptop. It's not supposed to be a desktop replacement though, since I've got a pretty good desktop already with a 24" monitor. So the kinda laptop I want to buy is one suited for university. If this bears any significance, I'm working in Java atm, but I will likely work with lots of other things incl. web development. I'm looking to spend about $1700 plus/minus. And it should be powerful/big enough for working on programming projects as well as the usual university stuff like MATLAB, Maple, etc out "in the field", and sometimes for maybe a week when visiting my parents. What I'm looking at right now is the ASUS Zenbook UX31A with the 1920 x 1080 resolution on 13.3" IPS display. But I'm kinda nervous that this will be too petite for programming. In essence i'm looking for a powerfull computer, that has good enough battery, and looks good. I would love suggestions or any type of feedback, either with maybe a better choice, or input on how its like programming on 13" laptops. Very much thanks in advance for anyone who even went through all that! PS. I don't want a mac, or my inner karma would commit Seppuku xD But experiences from working on the 13" Macbook Air would kinda be equivalent to the Zenbook i'm considering, so I would love to hear that. tl;dr The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog ;)

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  • Game editor integration with the engine?

    - by Daniel
    What I am trying to figure out is what is the best way to integrate the editor(level, effects, model, etc...) in the most effective way? Now the first thing I thought would be to create the game engine(*) extremely modular. For example I took the example of game states. You could have multiple game states that all have their own update() and draw() methods among others. Each game state class would inherit from a base GameState class. This allows for a more modular approach and a useful one at that. Now would the most efficient approach be to implement the editor along with the modular engine, or create two different designs for both the game, and editor? I thought to take the game state example and extend it to window states, and well could be used for a lot more systems. Is there a better implementation of this design(game state) for use in other systems used in the engine? *: Now I know the term game engine is sorta irrelevant, and misused in many situations. What I am referring to as the "game engine" is the combination of the systems that the game must interact with for short. Also this is more of a theory / design question than an implementation. Even though both mix, i'd rather like to have a more general idea on how the editor is built in an efficient way and still using the same engine code as what the game uses. Thanks, Daniel P.S If you need more clarification or extra bits just leave a comment.

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  • Is there a process-oriented IDE ?

    - by Raveline
    My problem is simple : when I'm programming in an OO paradigm, I'm often having part of a main business process divided in many classes. Which means, if I want to examine the whole functional chain that leads to the output, for debugging or for optimization research, it can be a bit painful. So I was wondering : is there an IDE that let you put a "process tag" on functions coming from different objects, and give you a view of all those functions having the same tag ? edit : To give an example (that I'm making up completely, sorry if it doesn't sound very realistic). Let's say we have the following business process for a HR application : receive a holiday-request by an employee, check the validity of the request, then give an alert to his boss ("one of those lazy programmer wants another day off"); at the same time, let's say the boss will want to have a table of all employee's timetable during the time the employee wants his vacations; then handle the answer of the boss, send a nice little mail to the employee ("No way, lazy bones"). Even if we get rid of everything not purely business-related (mail sending process, db handling to get the useful info, GUI functionalities, and so on), we still have something that doesn't really fit in "one class". I'd like to have an IDE that would give me the opportunity to embrace quickly, at the very least : The function handling the validation of the request by the employee; The function preparing the "timetable" for the boss; The function handling the validation of the request by the boss; I wouldn't put all those functions in the same class (but perhaps that's my mistake ?). This is where my dreamed IDE could be helpful.

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  • Ways to organize interface and implementation in C++

    - by Felix Dombek
    I've seen that there are several different paradigms in C++ concerning what goes into the header file and what to the cpp file. AFAIK, most people, especially those from a C background, do: foo.h class foo { private: int mem; int bar(); public: foo(); foo(const foo&); foo& operator=(foo); ~foo(); } foo.cpp #include foo.h foo::bar() { return mem; } foo::foo() { mem = 42; } foo::foo(const foo& f) { mem = f.mem; } foo::operator=(foo f) { mem = f.mem; } foo::~foo() {} int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { foo f; } However, my lecturers usually teach C++ to beginners like this: foo.h class foo { private: int mem; int bar() { return mem; } public: foo() { mem = 42; } foo(const foo& f) { mem = f.mem; } foo& operator=(foo f) { mem = f.mem; } ~foo() {} } foo.cpp #include foo.h int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { foo f; } // other global helper functions, DLL exports, and whatnot Originally coming from Java, I have also always stuck to this second way for several reasons, such as that I only have to change something in one place if the interface or method names change, and that I like the different indentation of things in classes when I look at their implementation, and that I find names more readable as foo compared to foo::foo. I want to collect pro's and con's for either way. Maybe there are even still other ways? One disadvantage of my way is of course the need for occasional forward declarations.

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  • UML Diagrams of Multi-Threaded Applications

    - by PersonalNexus
    For single-threaded applications I like to use class diagrams to get an overview of the architecture of that application. This type of diagram, however, hasn’t been very helpful when trying to understand heavily multi-threaded/concurrent applications, for instance because different instances of a class "live" on different threads (meaning accessing an instance is save only from the one thread it lives on). Consequently, associations between classes don’t necessarily mean that I can call methods on those objects, but instead I have to make that call on the target object's thread. Most literature I have dug up on the topic such as Designing Concurrent, Distributed, and Real-Time Applications with UML by Hassan Gomaa had some nice ideas, such as drawing thread boundaries into object diagrams, but overall seemed a bit too academic and wordy to be really useful. I don’t want to use these diagrams as a high-level view of the problem domain, but rather as a detailed description of my classes/objects, their interactions and the limitations due to thread-boundaries I mentioned above. I would therefore like to know: What types of diagrams have you found to be most helpful in understanding multi-threaded applications? Are there any extensions to classic UML that take into account the peculiarities of multi-threaded applications, e.g. through annotations illustrating that some objects might live in a certain thread while others have no thread-affinity; some fields of an object may be read from any thread, but written to only from one; some methods are synchronous and return a result while others are asynchronous that get requests queued up and return results for instance via a callback on a different thread.

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  • Displaying Exceptions Thrown or Caught in Managed Beans

    - by Frank Nimphius
    Just came a cross a sample written by Steve Muench, which somewhere deep in its implementation details uses the following code to route exceptions to the ADF binding layer to be handled by the ADF model error handler (which can be customized by overriding the DCErrorHandlerImpl class and configuring the custom class in DataBindings.cpx file) To route an exception to the ADFm error handler, Steve used the following code ((DCBindingContainer)BindingContext.getCurrent().getCurrentBindingsEntry()).reportException(ex); The same code however can be used in managed beans as well to enforce consistent error handling in ADF. As an example, lets assume a managed bean method hits an exception. To simulate this, let's use the following code: public void onToolBarButtonAction(ActionEvent actionEvent) {    throw new JboException("Just to tease you !!!!!");        } The exception shows at runtime as displayed in the following image: Assuming a try-catch block is used to intercept the exception caused by a managed bean action, you can route the error message display to the ADF model error handler. Again, let's simulate the code that would need to go into a try-catch block public void onToolBarButtonAction(ActionEvent actionEvent) {    JboException ex = new JboException("Just to tease you !!!!!");  BindingContext bctx = BindingContext.getCurrent();    ((DCBindingContainer)bctx.getCurrentBindingsEntry()).reportException(ex); } The error now displays as shown in the image below As you can see, the error is now handled by the ADFm Error handler, which - as mentioned before - could be a custom error handler. Using the ADF model error handling for displaying exceptions thrown in managed beans require the current ADF Faces page to have an associated PageDef file (which is the case if the page or view contains ADF bound components). Note that to invoke methods exposed on the business service it is recommended to always work through the binding layer (method binding) so that in case of an error the ADF model error handler is automatically used.

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  • How to define type-specific scripts when using a 'type object' programming pattern?

    - by Erik
    I am in the process of creating a game engine written in C++, using the C/C++ SQLite interface to achieve a 'type object' pattern. The process is largely similar to what is outlined here (Thank you Bob Nystrom for the great resource!). I have a generally defined Entity class that when a new object is created, data is taken from a SQLite database and then is pushed back into a pointer vector, which is then iterated through, calling update() for each object. All the ints, floats, strings are loaded in fine, but the script() member of Entity is proving an issue. It's not much fun having a bunch of stationary objects laying around my gameworld. The only solutions I've come up with so far are: Create a monolithic EntityScript class with member functions encompassing all game AI and then calling the corresponding script when iterating through the Entity vector. (Not ideal) Create bindings between C++ and a scripting language. This would seem to get the job done, but it feels like implementing this (given the potential memory overhead) and learning a new language is overkill for a small team (2-3 people) that know the entirety of the existing game engine. Can you suggest any possible alternatives? My ideal situation would be that to add content to the game, one would simply add a script file to the appropriate directory and append the SQLite database with all the object data. All that is required is to have a variety of integers and floats passed between both the engine and the script file.

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  • Interfaces and Virtuals Everywhere????

    - by David V. Corbin
    First a disclaimer; this post is about micro-optimization of C# programs and does not apply to most common scenarios - but when it does, it is important to know. Many developers are in the habit of declaring member virtual to allow for future expansion or using interface based designs1. Few of these developers think about what the runtime performance impact of this decision is. A simple test will show that this decision can have a serious impact. For our purposes, we used a simple loop to time the execution of 1 billion calls to both non-virtual and virtual implementations of a method that took no parameters and had a void return type: Direct Call:     1.5uS Virtual Call:   13.0uS The overhead of the call increased by nearly an order of magnitude! Once again, it is important to realize that if the method does anything of significance then this ratio drops quite quickly. If the method does just 1mS of work, then the differential only accounts for a 1% decrease in performance. Additionally the method in question must be called thousands of times in order to produce a meaqsurable impact at the application level. Yet let us consider a situation such as the per-pixel processing of a graphics processing application. Here we may have a method which is called millions of times and even the slightest increase in overhead can have significant ramification. In this case using either explicit virtuals or interface based constructs is likely to be a mistake. In conclusion, good design principles should always be the driving force behind descisions such as these; but remember that these decisions do not come for free.   1) When a concrete class member implements an interface it does not need to be explicitly marked as virtual (unless, of course, it is to be overriden in a derived concerete class). Nevertheless, when accessed via the interface it behaves exactly as if it had been marked as virtual.

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  • Draw Rectangle To All Dimensions of Image

    - by opiop65
    I have some rudimentary collision code: public class Collision { static boolean isColliding = false; static Rectangle player; static Rectangle female; public static void collision(){ Rectangle player = Game.Playerbounds(); Rectangle female = Game.Femalebounds(); if(player.intersects(female)){ isColliding = true; }else{ isColliding = false; } } } And this is the rectangle code: public static Rectangle Playerbounds() { return(new Rectangle(posX, posY, 25, 25)); } public static Rectangle Femalebounds() { return(new Rectangle(femaleX, femaleY, 25, 25)); } My InputHandling class: public static void movePlayer(GameContainer gc, int delta){ Input input = gc.getInput(); if(input.isKeyDown(input.KEY_W)){ Game.posY -= walkSpeed * delta; walkUp = true; if(Collision.isColliding == true){ Game.posY += walkSpeed * delta; } } if(input.isKeyDown(input.KEY_S)){ Game.posY += walkSpeed * delta; walkDown = true; if(Collision.isColliding == true){ Game.posY -= walkSpeed * delta; } } if(input.isKeyDown(input.KEY_D)){ Game.posX += walkSpeed * delta; walkRight = true; if(Collision.isColliding == true){ Game.posX -= walkSpeed * delta; } } if(input.isKeyDown(input.KEY_A)){ Game.posX -= walkSpeed * delta; walkLeft = true; if(Collision.isColliding == true){ Game.posX += walkSpeed * delta; } } } The code works partially. Only the right and top side of the images collide. How do I correct the rectangle so it will draw on all sides? Thanks for any suggestions!

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