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  • How is a relative JMP (x86) implemented in an Assembler?

    - by Pindatjuh
    While building my assembler for the x86 platform I encountered some problems with encoding the JMP instruction: enc inst size in bytes EB cb JMP rel8 2 E9 cw JMP rel16 4 (because of 0x66 16-bit prefix) E9 cd JMP rel32 5 ... (from my favourite x86 instruction website, http://siyobik.info/index.php?module=x86&id=147) All are relative jumps, where the size of each encoding (operation + operand) is in the third column. Now my original (and thus fault because of this) design reserved the maximum (5 bytes) space for each instruction. The operand is not yet known, because it's a jump to a yet unknown location. So I've implemented a "rewrite" mechanism, that rewrites the operands in the correct location in memory, if the location of the jump is known, and fills the rest with NOPs. This is a somewhat serious concern in tight-loops. Now my problem is with the following situation: b: XXX c: JMP a e: XXX ... XXX d: JMP b a: XXX (where XXX is any instruction, depending on the to-be assembled program) The problem is that I want the smallest possible encoding for a JMP instruction (and no NOP filling). I have to know the size of the instruction at c before I can calculate the relative distance between a and b for the operand at d. The same applies for the JMP at c: it needs to know the size of d before it can calculate the relative distance between e and a. How do existing assemblers implement this, or how would you implement this? This is what I am thinking which solves the problem: First encode all the instructions to opcodes between the JMP and it's target, and if this region contains a variable-sized opcode, use the maximum size, i.e. 5 for JMP. Then in some conditions, the JMP is oversized (because it may fit in a smaller encoding): so another pass will search for oversized JMPs, shrink them, and move all instructions ahead), and set absolute branching instructions (i.e. external CALLs) after this pass is completed. I wonder, perhaps this is an over-engineered solution, that's why I ask this question.

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  • Calling functions from the Immediate Window during debugging -- advanced Visual Studio kung-fu test

    - by kizzx2
    I see some related questions have been asked, but they're either too advanced for me to grasp or lacking a step-by-step guide from start to finish (most of them end up being insider talk of their own experiment results). OK here it is, given this simple program: #include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> int main() { FILE * f; char buffer[100]; memset(buffer, 0, 100); fun(); f = fopen("main.cpp", "r"); fread(buffer, 1, 99, f); printf(buffer); fclose(f); return 0; } What it does is basically print itself (assume file name is main.cpp). Question How can I have it print another file, say foobar.txt without modifying the source code? It has something to do with running it through VS's, stepping through the functions and hijacking the FILE pointer right before fread() is called. No need to worry about leaking resources by calling fclose(). I tried the simple f = fopen("foobar.txt", "r") which gave CXX0017: Error: symbol "fopen" not found Any ideas?

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  • Verizon SongID - How is it programmed?

    - by CheeseConQueso
    For anyone not familiar with Verizon's SongID program, it is a free application downloadable through Verizon's VCast network. It listens to a song for 10 seconds at any point during the song and then sends this data to some all-knowing algorithmic beast that chews it up and sends you back all the ID3 tags (artist, album, song, etc...) The first two parts and last part are straightforward, but what goes on during the processing after the recorded sound is sent? I figure it must take the sound file (what format?), parse it (how? with what?) for some key identifiers (what are these? regular attributes of wave functions? phase/shift/amplitude/etc), and check it against a database. Everything I find online about how this works is something generic like what I typed above. From audiotag.info This service is based on a sophisticated audio recognition algorithm combining advanced audio fingerprinting technology and a large songs' database. When you upload an audio file, it is being analyzed by an audio engine. During the analysis its audio “fingerprint” is extracted and identified by comparing it to the music database. At the completion of this recognition process, information about songs with their matching probabilities are displayed on screen.

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  • Hotkeys in webapps

    - by Johoo
    When creating webapps, is there any guidelines on which keys you can use for your own hotkeys without overriding too many of the browsers default hotkeys. For example i might want to have a custom copy command for copying entire sets of data that only makes sense for my program instead of just text. The logical combination for this would be ctrl+c but that would destroy the default copy hotkey for normal text. One solution i was thinking about is to only catch the hotkey when it "makes sense" but when you use some advanced custom selection it might be hard to differentiate if your data is focused, if text is selected or both. Right now i am only using single keys as the hotkey, so just 'c' for the example above and this seems to be what most other sites are doing too. The problem is that if you have text input this doesn't work so good. Is this the best solution? To clarify I'm talking about advanced webapps that behave more like normal programs and not just some website presenting information(even though i think these guidlines would be valid for both cases). So for the copy example it might not be a big deal if you can't copy the text in the menu but when ctrl+tab, alt+d or ctrl+e doesn't work i would be really pissed, cough flash cough.

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  • Java: Exception in thread main java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError

    - by cath
    I am trying to get the Red5 Flash Media Server working on my computer. I have installed it, but when I run the server I get this error Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/red5/server/Bootstrap Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.red5.server.Bootstrap at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(URLClassLoader.java:217) at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method) at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:205) at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:321) at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Launcher.java:294) at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:266) at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClassInternal(ClassLoader.java:334) Could not find the main class: org.red5.server.Bootstrap. Program will exit. I came across this link where someone had the same issue: http://trac.red5.org/ticket/762 It looks like they ran this command: export CLASSPATH=3D$RED5_HOME/lib/slf4j-api-1.5.10.jar:$RED5_HOME/lib/logback- core-0.9.18.jar:$RED5_HOME/lib/logback-classic-0.9.18.jar I have red5 installed in /usr/share/red5, so I ran this: export CLASSPATH=3D$/usr/share/red5/lib/slf4j-api-1.5.10.jar:$/usr/share/red5/lib/logback-core-0.9.18.jar:$/usr/share/red5/lib/logback-classic-0.9.18.jar Yet despite all this I am still seeing the same error message.

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  • Disassembler that tracks what value is where

    - by Martin C. Martin
    So lately I've been looking at the disassembly of my C++ code, and having to manually track what's in each register, like this: 95: 48 8b 16 mov (%rsi),%rdx ; %rdx = raggedCross.sink 98: 48 8b 42 38 mov 0x38(%rdx),%rax ; %rax = sink.table 9c: 8b 4a 10 mov 0x10(%rdx),%ecx ; %ecx = sink.baseCol 9f: 48 8b 70 50 mov 0x50(%rax),%rsi ; %rsi = table.starts a3: 89 c8 mov %ecx,%eax ; %eax = baseCol a5: 83 c1 1c add $0x1c,%ecx ; %ecx = baseCol + 1 And so on. The comments are mine, added by hand, from looking up the offset of various fields (e.g. sink, table, baseCol, starts) in the C++ classes. It's straight forward to do, but tedius and time consuming: the perfect thing for a program to be doing. gdb seems to know the offset of various fields within a struct: I can do &((Table *)0x1200)-starts and it tells the the right address. So, this information is around. Is there some disassembler that can use this info to annotate the code for me? Failing that, I could write my own. Where does gdb get the offsets?

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  • Where to put a textfile I want to use in eclipse?

    - by Jayomat
    hi there, I need to read a text file when I start my program. I'm using eclipse and started a new java project. In my project folder I got the "src" folder and the standard "JRE System Library"... I just don't know where to put the text file. I cannot use a "hard coded" path because the text file needs to be included with my app... I also tried to create a new folder like "Files" and use the pathe "Files/staedteliste.txt".. doesn't work too... I use the following code to read the file, but I get this error: Error:java.io.FileNotFoundException:staedteliste.txt(No such file or directory) import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.FileReader; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.ArrayList; public class Test { ArrayList<String[]> values; public static void main(String[] args) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub loadList(); } public static void loadList() { BufferedReader reader; String zeile = null; try { reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("staedteliste.txt")); zeile = reader.readLine(); ArrayList<String[]> values = new ArrayList<String[]>(); while (zeile != null) { values.add(zeile.split(";")); zeile = reader.readLine(); } System.out.println(values.size()); System.out.println(zeile); } catch (IOException e) { System.err.println("Error :"+e); } } } thx for help!

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  • Something preventing default (explorer-style) CListCtrl jump to line behaviour

    - by andywebsdale
    I'm maintaining an MFC/COM/ATL 45-odd project solution originally written with VS6. I'm now using VS2008. I'm looking at a list control(vanilla CListCtrl) which doesn't behave as we think it should. Normally in an MFC list control you can press a key, (Q say) & selection will jump down to the 1st line beginning with 'Q' (like windows explorer). Does anyone have an idea as to why this might not happen? The styles/Extended styles are set the same as another control in the same project, which DOES work OK. Do I have to send my own message, or is there a flag, etc. that controls that functionality or what? Normally Google would supply the answer, but I haven't been able to frame my query correctly to come up with the relevant info this time. Here's the line from the .rc file for the CListCtrl that doesn't jump to a line on keypress: CONTROL "List1",IDC_BAL_LIST,"SysListView32",LVS_REPORT | LVS_SHOWSELALWAYS | WS_BORDER | WS_TABSTOP,0,73,493,230 And here's a line from the same .rc file showing a list control that does do that: CONTROL "List1",IDC_LIST1,"SysListView32",LVS_REPORT | LVS_SHOWSELALWAYS | WS_BORDER | WS_TABSTOP,1,38,501,219 As you can see, there's no obvious difference to the properties, so what program code would affect it?

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  • Trying to set up nested while loops using a boolean switch

    - by thorn100
    First time posting. I'm trying to set up a while loop that will ask the user for the employee name, hours worked and hourly wage until the user enters 'DONE'. Eventually I'll modify the code to calculate the weekly pay and write it to a list, but one thing at a time. The problem is once the main while loop executes once, it just stops. Doesn't error out but just stops. I have to kill the program to get it to stop. I want it to ask the three questions again and again until the user is finished. Thoughts? Please note that this is just an exercise and not meant for any real world application. def getName(): """Asks for the employee's full name""" firstName=raw_input("\nWhat is your first name? ") lastName=raw_input("\nWhat is your last name? ") fullName=firstName.title() + " " + lastName.title() return fullName def getHours(): """Asks for the number of hours the employee worked""" hoursWorked=0 while int(hoursWorked)<1 or int(hoursWorked) > 60: hoursWorked=raw_input("\nHow many hours did the employee work: ") if int(hoursWorked)<1 or int(hoursWorked) > 60: print "Please enter an integer between 1 and 60." else: return hoursWorked def getWage(): """Asks for the employee's hourly wage""" wage=0 while float(wage)<6.00 or float(wage)>20.00: wage=raw_input("\nWhat is the employee's hourly wage: ") if float(wage)<6.00 or float(wage)>20.00: print ("Please enter an hourly wage between $6.00 and $20.00") else: return wage ##sentry variables employeeName="" employeeHours=0 employeeWage=0 booleanDone=False #Enter employee info print "Please enter payroll information for an employee or enter 'DONE' to quit." while booleanDone==False: while employeeName=="": employeeName=getName() if employeeName.lower()=="done": booleanDone=True break print "The employee's name is", employeeName while employeeHours==0: employeeHours=getHours() if employeeHours.lower()=="done": booleanDone=True break print employeeName, "worked", employeeHours, "this week." while employeeWage==0: employeeWage=getWage() if employeeWage.lower()=="done": booleanDone=True break print employeeName + "'s hourly wage is $" + employeeWage

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  • libav/ffmpeg: avcodec_decode_video2() returns -1 when separating demultiplexing and decoding

    - by unbekannt
    I'm using libav (from a C++ program on Linux and Windows) to decode video streams from a file, which works fine (decoding various formats like H264 and MPEG2) using avformat_open_input(), av_read_frame() and avcodec_decode_video2(). Now I have to separate demultiplexing and decoding. One class will call avformat_open_input() and av_read_frame() and then pass the AVPackets into a queue that is read by another class. There I use avcodec_alloc_context3() to get the AVCodecContext needed for avcodec_decode_video2(). I've tested that with a MPEG2 video stream and it works. Problems arise if I try to decode a H264 stream: avcodec_decode_video2() always returns -1 and outputs "no frame". I understand that additional data (SPS/PPS) is needed to decode this stream, so I've tried to replicate the original AVCodecContext from the demultiplexer in the decoder, but it won't work: Copying the content of the extradata field and setting all other values that differ from the default ones in the decoder: -1 is returned Using the same context (i.e. passing along the pointer) results in a crash I also tried to set CODEC_FLAG2_CHUNKS. avcodec_decode_video2() then always returns packet.size - 3 (??) and frameFinished is never set to 1. In my opinion I have a general problem here that will arise whenever settings from the original CodecContext are needed to decode the AVPackets. I'd be grateful for any hints on how to solve that problem!

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  • getting expat to use .dtd for entity replacement in python

    - by nicolas78
    I'm trying to read in an xml file which looks like this <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> <!DOCTYPE dblp SYSTEM "dblp.dtd"> <dblp> <incollection> <author>Jos&eacute; A. Blakeley</author> </incollection> </dblp> The point that creates the problem looks is the Jos&eacute; A. Blakeley part: The parser calls its character handler twice, once with "Jos", once with " A. Blakeley". Now I understand this may be the correct behaviour if it doesn't know the eacute entity. However, this is defined in the dblp.dtd, which I have. I don't seem to be able to convince expat to use this file, though. All I can say is p = xml.parsers.expat.ParserCreate() # tried with and without following line p.SetParamEntityParsing(xml.parsers.expat.XML_PARAM_ENTITY_PARSING_ALWAYS) p.UseForeignDTD(True) f = open(dblp_file, "r") p.ParseFile(f) but expat still doesn't recognize my entity. Why is there no way to tell expat which DTD to use? I've tried putting the file into the same directory as the XML putting the file into the program's working directory replacing the reference in the xml file by an absolute path What am I missing? Thx.

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  • Can addition of an ActionListener be short? Can I add arguments to the actionPerformed?

    - by Roman
    I have a big table containing a button in each cell. These buttons are very similar and do almost the same. If I add an action listener to every button in this way: tmp.addActionListener(new ActionListener(){ @Override public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent evt) { proposition = proposition + action; SwingUtilities.invokeLater(new Runnable() { public void run() { updatePropositionPanel(); } }); } }); Actually, every action listener differ from all others by the value of the action. proposition and updatePropositionPanel are a field and a method of the class. First i thought that I can make it shorter if I do not use inner classes. So, I decided to program a new ActionListener class. But than I realized that in this case "proposition" will not be visible to the instances of this class. Then I decided to add the actionPerformed method to the current class and do that: addActionListener(this). But than I realized that I do not know how give arguments to the actionPerformed method. So, how does it work. Can I add an action listener in a short and elegent way?

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  • Am I using Settings in .NET correctly?

    - by Sergio Tapia
    Here's what I'm doing. I have three properties: MomsBackground, DadsBackground and ChosenBackground. When Momsbackground is selected in the program, I set the ChosenBackground string according to what item the user has clicked (either "Mom" or "Dad"). Then on Form_Load() I use a switch case for the ChosenBackground string and according to that select This.BackgroundColor to MomsBackground or DadsBackground. Code below: Am I using this as it was intended? Sorry, codes there now. using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.ComponentModel; using System.Data; using System.Drawing; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Windows.Forms; namespace WindowsFormsApplication1 { public partial class Form1 : Form { public Form1() { InitializeComponent(); } private void momToolStripMenuItem_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { this.BackColor = Properties.Settings.Default.MomFormColor; Properties.Settings.Default.SelectedTheme = "Mom"; Properties.Settings.Default.Save(); } private void dadToolStripMenuItem_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { this.BackColor = Properties.Settings.Default.DadFormColor; Properties.Settings.Default.SelectedTheme = "Dad"; Properties.Settings.Default.Save(); } private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { switch (Properties.Settings.Default.SelectedTheme) { case "Mom": this.BackColor = Properties.Settings.Default.MomFormColor; break; case "Dad": this.BackColor = Properties.Settings.Default.DadFormColor; break; default: break; } } } }

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  • Problem with writing a hexadecimal string

    - by quilby
    Here is my code /* gcc -c -Wall -g main.c gcc -g -lm -o main main.o */ #include <stdlib.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> void stringToHex(const char* string, char* hex) { int i = 0; for(i = 0; i < strlen(string)/2; i++) { printf("s%x", string[2*i]); //for debugging sprintf(&hex[i], "%x", string[2*i]); printf("h%x\n", hex[i]); //for debugging } } void writeHex(char* hex, int length, FILE* file, long position) { fseek(file, position, SEEK_SET); fwrite(hex, sizeof(char), length, file); } int main(int argc, char** argv) { FILE* pic = fopen("hi.bmp", "w+b"); const char* string = "f2"; char hex[strlen(string)/2]; stringToHex(string, hex); writeHex(hex, strlen(string)/2, pic, 0); fclose(pic); return 0; } I want it to save the hexadecimal number 0xf2 to a file (later I will have to write bigger/longer numbers though). The program prints out - s66h36 And when I use hexedit to view the file I see the number '36' in it. Why is my code not working? Thanks!

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  • Editing a .class file directly, playing around with opcodes

    - by echox
    Hi, today I just tried to play a little bit around with the opcodes in compiled java class file. After inserting iinc 1,1 the java virtual machine responds with: Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ClassFormatError: Truncated class file at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass1(Native Method) at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClassCond(ClassLoader.java:632) at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass(ClassLoader.java:616) at java.security.SecureClassLoader.defineClass(SecureClassLoader.java:141) at java.net.URLClassLoader.defineClass(URLClassLoader.java:283) at java.net.URLClassLoader.access$000(URLClassLoader.java:58) at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(URLClassLoader.java:197) at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method) at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:190) at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:307) at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Launcher.java:301) at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:248) Could not find the main class: Test. Program will exit. This is my example source code: public class Test { public static void main(String[] args) { int i = 5; i++; i++; i++; System.out.println("Number: " + i + "\n"); } } The opcode for an increment is 0x84 + 2 bytes for operands. There's only one section in the resulting class file, which contains 0x84: [..] 8401 0184 0101 8401 01[..] So I would translate this as: iinc 1,1 iinc 1,1 iinc 1,1 corresponding to my i++; i++; i++; I then tried to append just 840101 to increment the variable once more, but that didn't work and resulted in the ClassFormatError. Is there anything like a checksum for the class file? I looked up the format of a classfile in http://java.sun.com/docs/books/jvms/second_edition/html/ClassFile.doc.html but could not find anything which points out to some kind of bytes_of_classfile or something. I also don't understand why the error is "Truncated Class File", because I did append something :-) I know its not a good idea to edit class files directly, but I'm just interested on the VM internals here.

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  • How can I work around the fact that in C++, sin(M_PI) is not 0?

    - by Adam Doyle
    In C++, const double Pi = 3.14159265; cout << sin(Pi); // displays: 3.58979e-009 it SHOULD display the number zero I understand this is because Pi is being approximated, but is there any way I can have a value of Pi hardcoded into my program that will return 0 for sin(Pi)? (a different constant maybe?) In case you're wondering what I'm trying to do: I'm converting polar to rectangular, and while there are some printf() tricks I can do to print it as "0.00", it still doesn't consistently return decent values (in some cases I get "-0.00") The lines that require sin and cosine are: x = r*sin(theta); y = r*cos(theta); BTW: My Rectangular - Polar is working fine... it's just the Polar - Rectangular Thanks! edit: I'm looking for a workaround so that I can print sin(some multiple of Pi) as a nice round number to the console (ideally without a thousand if-statements) edit: In case anyone's curious, this was what I landed on: double sin2(double theta) // in degrees { double s = sin(toRadians(theta)); if (fabs(s - (int)s) < 0.000001) { return floor(s + 0.5); } return s; } where toRadians() is a macro that converts to radians

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  • Could not load file or assembly System.EnterpriseServices

    - by Nifle
    I'm trying to read up on asp.net mvc, I have never used asp.net before but are familiar with regular c# development. Freshly installed, fully patched Windows XP Home. Freshly installed updated to SP1 Visual Studio 2008 Pro. Started a new project, selected "ASP.NET MVC Web Application", target framework is 3.5 I hit F5 and I get: "Could not load file or assembly System.EnterpriseServices" Exact wording in swedish: [FileNotFoundException: Det går inte att hitta filen. (Undantag från HRESULT: 0x80070002)] [FileNotFoundException: Det går inte att läsa in filen eller sammansättningen System.EnterpriseServices, Version=2.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a eller ett av dess beroenden. Det går inte att hitta filen.] Adding a reference to System.EnterpriseServices in my project did not work. A quick google suggested I copy this file Microsoft.NET/Framework/v2.0.50727/System.EnterpriseServices.dll into %WINDOWS%/assembly but that did not work either. Any suggestions? Found the answer, I added it to the GAC with gacutil. C:\WINDOWS"C:\Program\Microsoft SDKs\Windows\v6.0A\bin\gacutil.exe" /i Microsoft.NET/Framework/v2.0.50727/System.EnterpriseServices.dll

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  • Android maps out of memory error

    - by SamB09
    Hi , sometimes when running a google maps program with an overlay image i will receive a bit map out of memory error. It always seems to be at a random point in the app. Im not sure how to solve this. Anyone have any ideas ? My overlay code is below , im not sure if you need to see the class its called in though? public class MyOverlay2 extends Overlay { private static final double MAX_TAP_DISTANCE_KM = 3; // Rough approximation - one degree = 50 nautical miles private static final double MAX_TAP_DISTANCE_DEGREES = MAX_TAP_DISTANCE_KM * 0.5399568 * 50; private final GeoPoint gPoint; private final Context cont; private final int draw; // private final int lat; public MyOverlay2(Context cont, GeoPoint gPoint1, int draw) { // constructor will be called in the userLocation class to draw an overly image this.cont = cont; this.gPoint = gPoint1; this.draw = draw; } @Override public boolean draw(Canvas canvas, MapView mapView, boolean shadow, long when) { // constructor takes 3 arguments super.draw(canvas, mapView, shadow); // Convert geo coordinates to screen pixels Point screenPoint = new Point(); mapView.getProjection().toPixels(gPoint, screenPoint); //Read the image from the xml resource using a bitmap factory BitmapFactory.Options options=new BitmapFactory.Options(); options.inSampleSize = 1; Bitmap preview_bitmap=BitmapFactory.decodeResource(cont.getResources(),R.drawable.monday12,options); //draw the image at the location specified by the co-ordinates canvas.drawBitmap(preview_bitmap, screenPoint.x - preview_bitmap.getWidth() /2, screenPoint.y - preview_bitmap.getHeight()/2 , null); // get the images height and width values divided by two draw the image at the specified screen points return true; } @Override public boolean onTap(GeoPoint s, MapView mapView) { // Handle tapping on the overlay here return true; } }

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  • How do interpreters functions written in the class C++ in the main

    - by T_Geek
    Hi I'm working on a project about Data structures. In the first , I wrote everything in main but it sounds like C . But as I learned, I tried to thinkk OOP and do as little as possible in my main() methods. I've implemented some opertation in my class like add,delet,find.it's too easy to implement its . class ARB { private: struct BT { int data; BT *l; BT *r; }; struct BT *p; public ARB(); ~ARB(); void del(int n); void add(int n); }; void ARB::del(int num) { //The code ,don't care about it }; main() { // BTR T; T.add(3); T.add(5); }; But I arrived to the big program How can I define a methode which have to use a binary tree and to get a stack STACK ARB::MyFunct(BT* p) { // The code don't care about it } How can I apply it in the main programme main() { // BT T; T.add(3); T.add(5); STACK S; BT* p S=T.MyFunct(p); // error C2664 cannot convert parametre 1 }; **mention :I implement STACK class

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  • How to access a superclass's class attributes in Python?

    - by Brecht Machiels
    Have a look at the following code: class A(object): defaults = {'a': 1} def __getattr__(self, name): print('A.__getattr__') return self.get_default(name) @classmethod def get_default(cls, name): # some debug output print('A.get_default({}) - {}'.format(name, cls)) try: print(super(cls, cls).defaults) # as expected except AttributeError: #except for the base object class, of course pass # the actual function body try: return cls.defaults[name] except KeyError: return super(cls, cls).get_default(name) # infinite recursion #return cls.__mro__[1].get_default(name) # this works, though class B(A): defaults = {'b': 2} class C(B): defaults = {'c': 3} c = C() print('c.a =', c.a) I have a hierarchy of classes each with its own dictionary containing some default values. If an instance of a class doesn't have a particular attribute, a default value for it should be returned instead. If no default value for the attribute is contained in the current class's defaults dictionary, the superclass's defaults dictionary should be searched. I'm trying to implement this using the recursive class method get_default. The program gets stuck in an infinite recursion, unfortunately. My understanding of super() is obviously lacking. By accessing __mro__, I can get it to work properly though, but I'm not sure this is a proper solution. I have the feeling the answer is somewhere in this article, but I haven't been able to find it yet. Perhaps I need to resort to using a metaclass?

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  • Precision error on matrix multiplication

    - by Wam
    Hello all, Coding a matrix multiplication in my program, I get precision errors (inaccurate results for large matrices). Here's my code. The current object has data stored in a flattened array, row after row. Other matrix B has data stored in a flattened array, column after column (so I can use pointer arithmetic). protected double[,] multiply (IMatrix B) { int columns = B.columns; int rows = Rows; int size = Columns; double[,] result = new double[rows,columns]; for (int row = 0; row < rows; row++) { for (int col = 0; col < columns; col++) { unsafe { fixed (float* ptrThis = data) fixed (float* ptrB = B.Data) { float* mePtr = ptrThis + row*rows; float* bPtr = ptrB + col*columns; double value = 0.0; for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) { value += *(mePtr++) * *(bPtr++); } result[row, col] = value; } } } } } Actually, the code is a bit more complicated : I do the multiply thing for several chunks (so instead of having i from 0 to size, I go from localStart to localStop), then sum up the resulting matrices. My problem : for a big matrix I get precision error : NUnit.Framework.AssertionException: Error at (0,1) expected: <6.4209571409444209E+18> but was: <6.4207619776304906E+18> Any idea ?

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  • Help using RDA on a Desktop Applicaton?

    - by Joel
    I have a .NET 3.5 Compact Framework project that uses RDA for moving data between its mobile device's local SqlCe database and a remote MSSql-2008 server(it uses RDA Push and Pull). The server machine a virtual directory with sqlcesa35.dll (v3.5.5386.0) setup for RDA. We usually install these cabs on the mobile devices and the RDA process does not have any problems: sqlce.wce5.armv4i.cab sqlce.repl.wce5.armv4i.cab Now I am trying to run this application as a desktop application. RDA Pull (download) has been working well. But the RDA Push (upload) is giving me some problems. This is the exception that I get on the desktop application when I try to use RDA Push: System.Data.SqlServerCe.SqlCeException The Client Agent and Server Agent component versions are incompatible. The compatible versions are: Client Agent versions 3.0 and 3.5 with Server Agent versions 3.5 and Client Agent version 3.5 with Server Agent version 3.5. Re-install the replication components with the matching versions for client and server agents. [ 35,30,Client Agent version = ,Server Agent version = ] I have tried copying the file C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server Compact Edition\v3.5\Desktop\SqlServerCe.dll (v3.5.5692.0) to bin\debug I have also tried copying another version of SqlServerCe.dll (v3.0.5206.0) to bin\debug. But this just gives me a slightly different exception: System.Data.SqlServerCe.SqlCeException [ 35,30 ] Is there a different setup or any different dlls that I need to use? Thanks, -Joel

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  • Question about effective logging in C#

    - by MartyIX
    I've written a simple class for debugging and I call the method Debugger.WriteLine(...) in my code like this: Debugger.WriteLine("[Draw]", "InProgress", "[x,y] = " + x.ToString("0.00") + ", " + y.ToString("0.00") + "; pos = " + lastPosX.ToString() + "x" + lastPosY.ToString() + " -> " + posX.ToString() + "x" + posY.ToString() + "; SS = " + squareSize.ToString() + "; MST = " + startTime.ToString("0.000") + "; Time = " + time.ToString() + phase.ToString(".0000") + "; progress = " + progress.ToString("0.000") + "; step = " + step.ToString() + "; TimeMovementEnd = " + UI.MovementEndTime.ToString()); The body of the procedure Debugger.WriteLine is compiled only in Debug mode (directives #if, #endif). What makes me worry is that I often need ToString() in Debugger.WriteLine call which is costly because it creates still new strings (for changing number for example). How to solve this problem? A few points/questions about debugging/tracing: I don't want to wrap every Debugger.WriteLine in an IF statement or to use preprocessor directives in order to leave out debugging methods because it would inevitable lead to a not very readable code and it requires too much typing. I don't want to use any framework for tracing/debugging. I want to try to program it myself. Are Trace methods (http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.diagnostics.trace.aspx) left out if compiling in release mode? If it is so is it possible that my methods would behave similarly? http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/fht0f5be.aspx output = String.Format("You are now {0} years old.", years); Which seems nice. Is it a solution for my problem with ToString()?

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  • Perl cgi @INC different in shell and in http request

    - by pistacchio
    Hi to all, I have the follwing, simplest per cgi script: use strict; use warnings; use CGI(); use CGI::Carp qw(fatalsToBrowser); use Template; print CGI::header(); foreach(@INC) { print "$_\n"; } When called (http://[..]/cgi-bin/p.cgi) I am given the following error: Can't locate Template.pm in @INC (@INC contains: /usr/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.8.8/i386-linux-thread-multi /usr/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.8.8 /usr/lib/perl5/site_perl /usr/lib/perl5/vendor_perl/5.8.8/i386-linux-thread-multi /usr/lib/perl5/vendor_perl/5.8.8 /usr/lib/perl5/vendor_perl /usr/lib/perl5/5.8.8/i386-linux-thread-multi /usr/lib/perl5/5.8.8 .) at /home/pistacchio/webapps/htdocs/cgi-bin/p.cgi line 8. BEGIN failed--compilation aborted at /home/pistacchio/webapps/htdocs/cgi-bin/p.cgi line 8. I made sure that Template is installed and indeed when running this program from shell it works (loads Template) and outputs: Content-Type: text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1 /home/pistacchio/lib/perl5 /home/pistacchio/lib/perl5/lib/i386-linux-thread-multi /home/pistacchio/lib/perl5/lib /home/pistacchio/lib/perl5/lib/i386-linux-thread-multi /usr/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.8.8/i386-linux-thread-multi /usr/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.8.8 /usr/lib/perl5/site_perl /usr/lib/perl5/vendor_perl/5.8.8/i386-linux-thread-multi /usr/lib/perl5/vendor_perl/5.8.8 /usr/lib/perl5/vendor_perl /usr/lib/perl5/5.8.8/i386-linux-thread-multi /usr/lib/perl5/5.8.8 Template is installed in /home/pistacchio/lib/perl5/lib/i386-linux-thread-multi [pistacchio@web118 i386-linux-thread-multi]$ pwd /home/pistacchio/lib/perl5/lib/i386-linux-thread-multi [pistacchio@web118 i386-linux-thread-multi]$ ls auto perllocal.pod Template Template.pm This directory is correctly listed in env and, as previously posted, in @INC. In @INC it is shown twice, so I even tried to pop it out before calling use Template, but without result. From env: [pistacchio@web118 i386-linux-thread-multi]$ env [..] PERL5LIB=/home/pistacchio/lib/perl5:/home/pistacchio/lib/perl5/lib:/home/pistacchio/lib/perl5/lib/i386-linux-thread-multi [..] Removing use Template gets rid of the problem. Can anybody help?

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  • C++ cin keeps skipping.....

    - by user69514
    I am having problems with my program. WHen I run it, it asks the user for the album, the title, but then it just exits the loop without asking for the price and the sale tax. Any ideas what's going on? This is a sample run Discounts effective for September 15, 2010 Classical 8% Country 4% International 17% Jazz 0% Rock 16% Show 12% Are there more transactions? Y/N y Enter Artist of CD: Sevendust Enter Title of CD: Self titled Enter Genre of CD: Rock enter price Are there more transactions? Y/N Thank you for shopping with us! Program code: #include <iostream> #include <string> using namespace std; int counter = 0; string discount_tiles[] = {"Classical", "Country", "International", "Jazz", "Rock", "Show"}; int discount_amounts[] = {8, 4, 17, 0, 16, 12, 14}; string date = "September 15, 2010"; // Array Declerations //Artist array char** artist = new char *[100]; //Title array char** title = new char *[100]; //Genres array char** genres = new char *[100]; //Price array double* price[100]; //Discount array double* tax[100]; // sale price array double* sale_price[100]; //sale tax array double* sale_tax[100]; //cash price array double* cash_price[100]; //Begin Prototypes char* getArtist(); char* getTitle(); char* getGenre(); double* getPrice(); double* getTax(); unsigned int* AssignDiscounts(); void ReadTransaction (char ** artist, char ** title, char ** genre, float ** cash, float & taxrate, int albumcount); void computesaleprice(); bool AreThereMore (); //End Prototypes bool areThereMore () { char answer; cout << "Are there more transactions? Y/N" << endl; cin >> answer; if (answer =='y' || answer =='Y') return true; else return false; } char* getArtist() { char * artist= new char [100]; cout << "Enter Artist of CD: " << endl; cin.getline(artist,100); cin.ignore(); return artist; } char* getTitle() { char * title= new char [100]; cout << "Enter Title of CD: " << endl; cin.getline(title,100); cin.ignore(); return title; } char* getGenre() { char * genre= new char [100]; cout << "Enter Genre of CD: " << endl; cin.getline(genre,100); cin.ignore(); return genre; } double* getPrice() { //double* price = new double(); //cout << "Enter Price of CD: " << endl; //cin >> *price; //return price; double p = 0.0; cout<< "enter price" << endl; cin >> p; cin.ignore(); double* pp = &p; return pp; } double* getTax() { double* tax= new double(); cout << "Enter local sales tax: " << endl; cin >> *tax; return tax; } int findDiscount(string str){ if(str.compare(discount_tiles[0]) == 0) return discount_amounts[0]; else if(str.compare(discount_tiles[0]) == 0) return discount_amounts[1]; else if(str.compare(discount_tiles[0]) == 0) return discount_amounts[2]; else if(str.compare(discount_tiles[0]) == 0) return discount_amounts[3]; else if(str.compare(discount_tiles[0]) == 0) return discount_amounts[4]; else if(str.compare(discount_tiles[0]) == 0) return discount_amounts[5]; else{ cout << "Error in findDiscount function" << endl; return 0; } } void computesaleprice() { /** fill in array for all purchases **/ for( int i=0; i<=counter; i++){ double temp = *price[i]; temp -= findDiscount(genres[i]); double* tmpPntr = new double(); tmpPntr = &temp; sale_price[i] = tmpPntr; delete(&temp); delete(tmpPntr); } } void printDailyDiscounts(){ cout << "Discounts effective for " << date << endl; for(int i=0; i < 6; i++){ cout << discount_tiles[i] << "\t" << discount_amounts[i] << "%" << endl; } } //Begin Main int main () { for( int i=0; i<100; i++){ artist[i]=new char [100]; title[i]=new char [100]; genres[i]=new char [100]; price[i] = new double(0.0); tax[i] = new double(0.0); } // End Array Decleration printDailyDiscounts(); bool flag = true; while(flag == true){ if(areThereMore() == true){ artist[counter] = getArtist(); title[counter] = getTitle(); genres[counter] = getGenre(); price[counter] = getPrice(); //tax[counter] = getTax(); //counter++; flag = true; } else { flag = false; } } //compute sale prices //computesaleprice(); cout << "Thank you for shopping with us!" << endl; return 0; } //End Main /** void ReadTransaction (char ** artist, char ** title, char ** genre, float ** cash, float & taxrate, int albumcount) { strcpy(artist[albumcount],getArtist()); strcpy(title[albumcount],getTitle()); strcpy(genre[albumcount],getGenre()); //cash[albumcount][0]=computesaleprice();??????? //taxrate=getTax;?????????????? } * * */ unsigned int * AssignDiscounts() { unsigned int * discount = new unsigned int [7]; cout << "Enter Classical Discount: " << endl; cin >> discount[0]; cout << "Enter Country Discount: " << endl; cin >> discount[1]; cout << "Enter International Discount: " << endl; cin >> discount[2]; cout << "Enter Jazz Discount: " << endl; cin >> discount[3]; cout << "Enter Pop Discount: " << endl; cin >> discount[4]; cout << "Enter Rock Discount: " << endl; cin >> discount[5]; cout << "Enter Show Discount: " << endl; cin >> discount[6]; return discount; } /** char ** AssignGenres () { char ** genres = new char * [7]; for (int x=0;x<7;x++) genres[x] = new char [20]; strcpy(genres [0], "Classical"); strcpy(genres [1], "Country"); strcpy(genres [2], "International"); strcpy(genres [3], "Jazz"); strcpy(genres [4], "Pop"); strcpy(genres [5], "Rock"); strcpy(genres [6], "Show"); return genres; } **/ float getTax(float taxrate) { cout << "Please enter store tax rate: " << endl; cin >> taxrate; return taxrate; }

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