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• Model self referential collections in Rails

  - by Najitaka

  I have written an application for an online clothing store in Rails 2.3.5. I want to show related Products when a customer views the Product Detail page. For example, if the customer views the detail page for a suit, I'd like to display the accessory products that match the dress such as a vest, shoes, and belt. I have named the related products an Ensemble. However, the vest, shoes, and belts are also Products which is what has me struggling. I have it working as follows but I know it's not the Rails way. I have a Products table for all of the products. Not important here but I also have a ProductDetails table. I have an Ensembles table that has the following columns: product_id - the main or origination product, the one displayed on the detail page outfit_id - the related or accessory product In setting up the data, on the Products list, for each Product I have an Ensemble link. This link takes you to the index action in the Ensembles controller. Using the id from the "main" Product, I find all of the associated Ensemble rows by product_id or I create a new ensemble and assign the id from the main product as the product_id. I'd like to just be able to do @product.related_products to get an Ensemble collection. Also on the index page I list the columns of the main product so the user can be sure their main product was the one they selected from the list. I also have a select list of the other products, with an Add to Ensemble action. Finally on the same index page, I have a table that displays the products that are already in the ensemble and in that list each row has a destroy link to remove a particular product from the ensemble. It would be nice if given a single Ensemble row @ensemble I could do @ensemble.product to get the Product related to the outfit_id of the ensemble row. I've got it working without associations but I have to run queries in the controller to build my own @product, @ensemble, and @ensembles collections. Also the only way I found to destroy an ensemble row is by Ensemble.connection.delete(sql to delete), simple @ensemble.destroy doesn't work. Anyone know how I would set up the associations or have a link to a site explaining a similar setup. None of the examples I found use the same table. They have A related to B through C. I want A related to other A through B.

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• Submit button outside form_for loop

  - by user1152142

  I have set up some horizontal tabs using twitter bootstrap and I am rendering a form inside each of the tabs: <div class="tab-content"> <div id="tab1" class="tab-pane active"> <%= render :partial => "shipdr/websites/form", locals: {:@shipdr_website => shipdr_website} %> </div> <div id="tab2" class="tab-pane"> Another form (not yet implemented) </div> <div id="tab3" class="tab-pane"> Another form (not yet implemented). </div> </div> Then in shipdr/websites/form I have: <%= simple_form_for(@shipdr_website) do |f| %> <% if @shipdr_website.errors.any? %> <div id="error_explanation"> <h2><%= pluralize(@shipdr_website.errors.count, "error") %> prohibited this shipdr_website from being saved:</h2> <ul> <% @shipdr_website.errors.full_messages.each do |msg| %> <li><%= msg %></li> <% end %> </ul> </div> <% end %> <div class="field"> <%= f.input :name %> </div> <div class="field"> <%= f.input :url %> </div> <div class="field"> <%= f.input :api_key %> </div> <div class="actions"> <%= f.submit nil, :class => "btn btn-primary" %> </div> <% end %> I want to move the submit button outside of the "tab-content" area so when a user clicks the submit button, all three forms area submitted. All forms will use that same model and the same action but will have different field. The idea is similar to a wizard except I am using tabs. Does anyone have any idea how I can move the submit button outside of the form_for loop and how I can submit the three forms with a single button?

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• Is it a good or bad practice to call instance methods from a java constructor?

  - by Steve

  There are several different ways I can initialize complex objects (with injected dependencies and required set-up of injected members), are all seem reasonable, but have various advantages and disadvantages. I'll give a concrete example: final class MyClass { private final Dependency dependency; @Inject public MyClass(Dependency dependency) { this.dependency = dependency; dependency.addHandler(new Handler() { @Override void handle(int foo) { MyClass.this.doSomething(foo); } }); doSomething(0); } private void doSomething(int foo) { dependency.doSomethingElse(foo+1); } } As you can see, the constructor does 3 things, including calling an instance method. I've been told that calling instance methods from a constructor is unsafe because it circumvents the compiler's checks for uninitialized members. I.e. I could have called doSomething(0) before setting this.dependency, which would have compiled but not worked. What is the best way to refactor this? Make doSomething static and pass in the dependency explicitly? In my actual case I have three instance methods and three member fields that all depend on one another, so this seems like a lot of extra boilerplate to make all three of these static. Move the addHandler and doSomething into an @Inject public void init() method. While use with Guice will be transparent, it requires any manual construction to be sure to call init() or else the object won't be fully-functional if someone forgets. Also, this exposes more of the API, both of which seem like bad ideas. Wrap a nested class to keep the dependency to make sure it behaves properly without exposing additional API:class DependencyManager { private final Dependency dependency; public DependecyManager(Dependency dependency) { ... } public doSomething(int foo) { ... } } @Inject public MyClass(Dependency dependency) { DependencyManager manager = new DependencyManager(dependency); manager.doSomething(0); } This pulls instance methods out of all constructors, but generates an extra layer of classes, and when I already had inner and anonymous classes (e.g. that handler) it can become confusing - when I tried this I was told to move the DependencyManager to a separate file, which is also distasteful because it's now multiple files to do a single thing. So what is the preferred way to deal with this sort of situation?

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• Is it OK to put a standard, pure C header #include directive inside a namespace?

  - by mic_e

  I've got a project with a class log in the global namespace (::log). So, naturally, after #include <cmath>, the compiler gives an error message each time I try to instantiate an object of my log class, because <cmath> pollutes the global namespace with lots of three-letter methods, one of them being the logarithm function log(). So there are three possible solutions, each having their unique ugly side-effects. Move the log class to it's own namespace and always access it with it's fully qualified name. I really want to avoid this because the logger should be as convenient as possible to use. Write a mathwrapper.cpp file which is the only file in the project that includes <cmath>, and makes all the required <cmath> functions available through wrappers in a namespace math. I don't want to use this approach because I have to write a wrapper for every single required math function, and it would add additional call penalty (cancelled out partially by the -flto compiler flag) The solution I'm currently considering: Replace #include <cmath> by namespace math { #include "math.h" } and then calculating the logarithm function via math::log(). I have tried it out and it does, indeed, compile, link and run as expected. It does, however, have multiple downsides: It's (obviously) impossible to use <cmath>, because the <cmath> code accesses the functions by their fully qualified names, and it's deprecated to use in C++. I've got a really, really bad feeling about it, like I'm gonna get attacked and eaten alive by raptors. So my question is: Is there any recommendation/convention/etc that forbid putting include directives in namespaces? Could anything go wrong with diferent C standard library implementations (I use glibc), different compilers (I use g++ 4.7, -std=c++11), linking? Have you ever tried doing this? Are there any alternate ways to banish the math functions from the global namespace? I've found several similar questions on stackoverflow, but most were about including other C++ headers, which obviously is a bad idea, and those that weren't made contradictory statements about linking behaviour for C libraries. Also, would it be beneficial to additionally put the #include <math.h> inside extern "C" {}?

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• Dictionary w/ null key?

  - by Ralph

  Firstly, why doesn't Dictionary<TKey, TValue> support a single null key? Secondly, is there an existing dictionary-like collection that does? I want to store an "empty" or "missing" or "default" System.Type, thought null would work well for this. More specifically, I've written this class: class Switch { private Dictionary<Type, Action<object>> _dict; public Switch(params KeyValuePair<Type, Action<object>>[] cases) { _dict = new Dictionary<Type, Action<object>>(cases.Length); foreach (var entry in cases) _dict.Add(entry.Key, entry.Value); } public void Execute(object obj) { var type = obj.GetType(); if (_dict.ContainsKey(type)) _dict[type](obj); } public static void Execute(object obj, params KeyValuePair<Type, Action<object>>[] cases) { var type = obj.GetType(); foreach (var entry in cases) { if (entry.Key == null || type.IsAssignableFrom(entry.Key)) { entry.Value(obj); break; } } } public static KeyValuePair<Type, Action<object>> Case<T>(Action action) { return new KeyValuePair<Type, Action<object>>(typeof(T), x => action()); } public static KeyValuePair<Type, Action<object>> Case<T>(Action<T> action) { return new KeyValuePair<Type, Action<object>>(typeof(T), x => action((T)x)); } public static KeyValuePair<Type, Action<object>> Default(Action action) { return new KeyValuePair<Type, Action<object>>(null, x => action()); } } For switching on types. There are two ways to use it: Statically. Just call Switch.Execute(yourObject, Switch.Case<YourType>(x => x.Action())) Precompiled. Create a switch, and then use it later with switchInstance.Execute(yourObject) Works great except when you try to add a default case to the "precompiled" version (null argument exception).

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• Using KnockoutJS 2.2.0 & jQuery 1.8.2 remove all bindings from all children of #someDiv

  - by Nukeface

  I'm wanting to delete All bindings (ko.cleanNode) from all child elements of a certain div. Must be a noobie question but I can't figure out how to use jQuery to loop through all childre, grand-children, great-grand-children, etc. whilst having KnockoutJS remove the bindings of all the DOM elements. I do NOT want to remove the elements from the DOM. This is a single page application, therefore the elements are pre-loaded as embedded resources and don't get resend to a client if they were to visit the page again. If a client revisits that part of the application I'll have a function rebind the necessary elements, which currently works fine. Current setup: <html> <head> //loading all resources </head> <body> //load first element using some obscure setup <div id="firsPage" data-role="page"> <div data-role="header">@Global.header</div> <div data-role="fieldcontain"> <label for="firstInput" /> <input id="firstInput some other stuff /> </div> <div data-role="datebox <!-- some settings --> > //creates table using jQuery mobile (lots of (great-)(grand-)children) </div> <div data-role="fieldcontain"> <div id="secondInput"> <div class="checklist"> <ul> <li /> <li /> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> //Here the whole thing starts again <div id="secondPage" data-role="page"> <!-- repeat above innerHTML in your mind ;) --> </div> //And here again! and again... </body> The problem I'm having is that bindings of the children don't seem to get "cleaned up" when i use ko.cleanNode($('#firstPage')[0]); Or when I get the Element into a variable and then format it to ko.cleanNode($element). Is there a way to do this? Been staring at it for a good few hours now, so probably overlooking a way too obvious way of doing it... Thanks!

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• Add a fadein fade out in jQuery, on multiple conditional statements

  - by Matthew Harwood

  Task: On click of li navigation filter show and hide content with a transitional fadein fade out. Problem I'm just guessing and checking on where to place this fadein//fadeout transition. Furthermore, I feel like my code is too inefficiency because I'm using 4 conditional statements. Would stack lead me in creating a solution to improve the overall logic of this script so I can just make a pretty transition :c? LIVE CODE jQuery Script $(document).ready(function () { //attach a single click listener on li elements $('li.navCenter').on('click', function () { // get the id of the clicked li var id = $(this).attr('id'); // match current id with string check then apply filter if (id == 'printInteract') { //reset all the boxes for muliple clicks $(".box").find('.video, .print, .web').closest('.box').show(); $(".box").find('.web, .video').closest('.box').hide(); $(".box").find('.print').show(); } if (id == 'webInteract') { $(".box").find('.video, .print, .web').closest('.box').show(); $(".box").find('.print, .video').closest('.box').hide(); $(".box").find('.web').show(); } if (id == 'videoInteract') { $(".box").find('.video, .print, .web').closest('.box').show(); $(".box").find('.print, .web').closest('.box').hide() $(".box").find('.video').show(); } if (id == 'allInteract') { $(".box").find('.video, .print, .web').closest('.box').show(); } }); HTML Selected <nav> <ul class="navSpaces"> <li id="allInteract" class="navCenter"> <a id="activeAll" class="navBg" href="#"><div class="relativeCenter"><img src="asset/img/logo30px.png" /><h3>all</h3></div></a> </li> <li id="printInteract" class="navCenter"> <a id="activePrint" class="navBg" href="#"><div class="relativeCenter"><img src="asset/img/print.gif" /><h3>print</h3></div></a> </li> <li id="videoInteract" class="navCenter"> <a id="activeVideo" class="navBg" href="#"><div class="relativeCenter"><img src="asset/img/video.gif" /><h3>video</h3></div></a> </li> <li id="webInteract" class="navCenter"> <a id="activeWeb" class="navBg" href="#"><div class="relativeCenter"><img src="asset/img/web.gif" /><h3>web</h3></div></a> </li> </ul> ps. Sorry for the newbie question

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• Meshing different systems of keys together in XML Schema

  - by Tom W

  Hello SO, I'd like to ask people's thoughts on an XSD problem I've been pondering. The system I am trying to model is thus: I have a general type that represents some item in a hypothetical model. The type is abstract and will be inherited by all manner of different model objects, so the model is heterogeneous. Furthermore, some types exist only as children of other types. Objects are to be given an identifier, but the scope of uniqueness of this identifier varies. Some objects - we will call them P (for Parent) objects - must have a globally unique identifier. This is straightforward and can use the xs:key schema element. Other objects (we can call them C objects, for Child) are children of a P object and must have an identifier that is unique only in the scope of that parent. For example, object P1 has two children, object C1 and C2, and object P2 has one child, object C3. In this system, the identifiers given could be as follows: P1: 1 (1st P object globally) P2: 2 (2nd P object globally) C1: 1 (1st C object of P1) C2: 2 (2nd C object of P1) C3: 1 (1st C object of P2) I want the identity syntax of every model object to be identical if possible, therefore my first pass at implementing is to define a single type: <xs:complexType name="ModelElement"> <xs:attribute name="IDMode" type="IdentityMode"/> <xs:attribute name="Identifier" type="xs:string"/> </xs:complexType> where the IdentityMode is an enumerated value: <xs:simpleType name="IdentityMode"> <xs:restriction base="xs:string"> <xs:enumeration value="Identified"/> <xs:enumeration value="Indexed"/> <xs:enumeration value="None"/> </xs:restriction> </xs:simpleType> Here "Identified" signifies a global identifier, and "Indexed" indicates an identifier local only to the parent. My question is, how do I enforce these uniqueness conditions using unique, key or other schema elements based on the IdentityMode property of the given subtype of ModelElement?

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• How to custom query using ORM in Fuelphp?

  - by viyancs

  I have a problem when I want to query table using ORM ,example I have article table with field id,author,text. My code like this : // Single where $article = Model_Article::find()->where('id', 4); print_r($article); that't code will be fetch all field on table article, it's like select * from article where id = 4 Try Possibility $article = Model_Article::find(null, array('id','title'))->where('id', 3); the response is object(Orm\Query)#89 (14) { ["model":protected]=> string(10) "Model_Article" ["connection":protected]=> NULL ["view":protected]=> NULL ["alias":protected]=> string(2) "t0" ["relations":protected]=> array(0) { } ["joins":protected]=> array(0) { } ["select":protected]=> array(1) { ["t0_c0"]=> string(5) "t0.id" } ["limit":protected]=> NULL ["offset":protected]=> NULL ["rows_limit":protected]=> NULL ["rows_offset":protected]=> NULL ["where":protected]=> array(1) { [0]=> array(2) { [0]=> string(9) "and_where" [1]=> array(3) { [0]=> string(5) "t0.id" [1]=> string(1) "=" [2]=> int(3) } } } ["order_by":protected]=> array(0) { } ["values":protected]=> array(0) { } } that's is not return id or title field. but when i'm try by adding get_one() method $article = Model_Article::find(null, array('id','title'))->where('id', 3)->get_one(); id is return , but title is not and another field, i don't know why ? Reference ORM Discussion FuelPHP it's say ORM currently will be select all column, no plans to change that at the moment. My Goal I want to query in orm like this select id,owner from article where id = 4 it's will be return only id & owner, how i can get that using orm ?

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• Large memory chunk not garbage collected

  - by Niels

  In a hunt for a memory-leak in my app I chased down a behaviour I can't understand. I allocate a large memory block, but it doesn't get garbage-collected resulting in a OOM, unless I explicit null the reference in onDestroy. In this example I have two almost identical activities that switch between each others. Both have a single button. On pressing the button MainActivity starts OOMActivity and OOMActivity returns by calling finish(). After pressing the buttons a few times, Android throws a OOMException. If i add the the onDestroy to OOMActivity and explicit null the reference to the memory chunk, I can see in the log that the memory is correctly freed. Why doesn't the memory get freed automatically without the nulling? MainActivity: package com.example.oom; import android.app.Activity; import android.content.Intent; import android.os.Bundle; import android.view.View; import android.view.View.OnClickListener; import android.widget.Button; public class MainActivity extends Activity implements OnClickListener { private int buttonId; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); System.gc(); Button OOMButton = new Button(this); OOMButton.setText("OOM"); buttonId = OOMButton.getId(); setContentView(OOMButton); OOMButton.setOnClickListener(this); } @Override public void onClick(View v) { if (v.getId() == buttonId) { Intent leakIntent = new Intent(this, OOMActivity.class); startActivity(leakIntent); } } } OOMActivity: public class OOMActivity extends Activity implements OnClickListener { private static final int WASTE_SIZE = 20000000; private byte[] waste; private int buttonId; protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); Button BackButton = new Button(this); BackButton.setText("Back"); buttonId = BackButton.getId(); setContentView(BackButton); BackButton.setOnClickListener(this); waste = new byte[WASTE_SIZE]; } public void onClick(View view) { if (view.getId() == buttonId) { finish(); } } }

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• Inventory count in CakePHP

  - by metrobalderas

  We are developing an inventory tracking system. Basically we've got an order table in which orders are placed. When an order is payed, the status changes from 0 to 1. This table has multiple children in another table order_items. This is the main structure. CREATE TABLE order( id INT UNSIGNED AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY, user_id INT UNSIGNED, status INT(1), total INT UNSIGNED ); CREATE TABLE order_items( id INT UNSIGNED AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY, order_id INT UNSIGNED, article_id INT UNSIGNED, size enum('s', 'm', 'l', 'xl'), quantity INT UNSIGNED ); Now, we've got a stocks table with similar architecture for the acquisitions. This is the structure. CREATE TABLE stock( id INT UNSIGNED AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY, article_id INT UNSIGNED ); CREATE TABLE stock_items( id INT UNSIGNED AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY, stock_id INT UNSIGNED, size enum('s', 'm', 'l', 'xl'), quantity INT(2) ); The main difference is that stocks has no status field. What we are looking for is a way to sum each article size from stock_items, then sum each article size from order_items where Order.status = 1 and substract both these items to find our current inventory. This is the table we want to get from a single query: Size | Stocks | Sales | Available s | 10 | 3 | 7 m | 15 | 13 | 2 l | 7 | 4 | 3 Initially we thought abouth using complex find conditions, but perhaps that's the wrong approach. Also, since it's not a direct join, it turns out to be quite hard. This is the code we have to retrieve the stock's total for each item. function stocks_total($id){ $find = $this->StockItem->find('all', array( 'conditions' => array( 'StockItem.stock_id' => $this->find('list', array('conditions' => array('Stock.article_id' => $id))) ), 'fields' => array_merge( array( 'SUM(StockItem.cantidad) as total' ), array_keys($this->StockItem->_schema) ), 'group' => 'StockItem.size', 'order' => 'FIELD(StockItem.size, \'s\', \'m\' ,\'l\' ,\'xl\') ASC' )); return $find; } Thanks.

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• Code to generate random numbers in C++

  - by user1678927

  Basically I have to write a program to generate random numbers to simulate the rolling of a pair of dice. This program should be constructed in multiple files. The main function should be in one file, the other functions should be in a second source file, and their prototypes should be in a header file. First I write a short function that returns a random value between 1 and 6 to simulate the rolling of a single 6-sided die.Second, i write a function that pretends to roll a pair of dice by calling this function twice. My program starts by asking the user how many rolls should be made. Then I write a function to simulate rolling the dice this many times, keeping a count of exactly how many times the values 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12(each number is the sum of a pair of dice) occur in an array. Later I write a function to display a small bar chart using these counts that ideally would look something like below for a sample of 144 rolls, where the number of asterisks printed corresponds to the count: 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Next, to see how well the random number generator is doing, I write a function to compute the average value rolled. Compare this to the ideal average of 7. Also, print out a small table showing the counts of each roll made by the program, the ideal count based on the frequencies above given the total number of rolls, and the difference between these values in separate columns. This is my incomplete code so far: "Compiler visual studio 2010" int rolling(){ //Function that returns a random value between 1 and 6 rand(unsigned(time(NULL))); int dice = 1 + (rand() %6); return dice; } int roll_dice(int num1,int num2){ //it calls 'rolling function' twice int result1,result2; num1 = rolling(); num2 = rolling(); result1 = num1; result2 = num2; return result1,result2; } int main(void){ int times,i,sum,n1,n2; int c1,c2,c3,c4,c5,c6,c7,c8,c9,c10,c11;//counters for each sum printf("Please enter how many times you want to roll the dice.\n") scanf_s("%i",&times); I pretend to use counters to count each sum and store the number(the count) in an array. I know i need a loop (for) and some conditional statements (if) but m main problem is to get the values from roll_dice and store them in n1 and n2 so then i can sum them up and store the sum in 'sum'.

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• How can I map a String to a function in Java?

  - by Bears will eat you

  Currently, I have a bunch of Java classes that implement a Processor interface, meaning they all have a processRequest(String key) method. The idea is that each class has a few (say, <10) member Strings, and each of those maps to a method in that class via the processRequest method, like so: class FooProcessor implements Processor { String key1 = "abc"; String key2 = "def"; String key3 = "ghi"; // and so on... String processRequest(String key) { String toReturn = null; if (key1.equals(key)) toReturn = method1(); else if (key2.equals(key)) toReturn = method2(); else if (key3.equals(key)) toReturn = method3(); // and so on... return toReturn; } String method1() { // do stuff } String method2() { // do other stuff } String method3() { // do other other stuff } // and so on... } You get the idea. This was working fine for me, but now I need a runtime-accessible mapping from key to function; not every function actually returns a String (some return void) and I need to dynamically access the return type (using reflection) of each function in each class that there's a key for. I already have a manager that knows about all the keys, but not the mapping from key to function. My first instinct was to replace this mapping using if-else statements with a Map<String, Function>, like I could do in Javascript. But, Java doesn't support first-class functions so I'm out of luck there. I could probably dig up a third-party library that lets me work with first-class functions, but I haven't seen any yet, and I doubt that I need an entire new library. I also thought of putting these String keys into an array and using reflection to invoke the methods by name, but I see two downsides to this method: My keys would have to be named the same as the method - or be named in a particular, consistent way so that it's easy to map them to the method name. This seems WAY slower than the if-else statements I have right now. Efficiency is something of a concern because these methods will tend to get called pretty frequently, and I want to minimize unnecessary overhead. TL; DR: I'm looking for a clean, minimal-overhead way to map a String to some sort of a Function object that I can invoke and call (something like) getReturnType() on. I don't especially mind using a 3rd-party library if it really fits my needs. I also don't mind using reflection, though I would strongly prefer to avoid using reflection every single time I do a method lookup - maybe using some caching strategy that combines the Map with reflection. Thoughts on a good way to get what I want? Cheers!

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• C# Read Byte [] to Image

  - by LucasGuitar

  I have an application which I'm adding pictures and these are automatically converted to binary and stored in a single file. how can I save several images, I keep in an XML file start and size of each set of refente to an image byte. But it has several images in bytes, whenever I try to select a different set of bytes just opening the same image. I would like your help to be able to fix this and open different images. Code //Add Image private void btAddImage_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { OpenFileDialog op = new OpenFileDialog(); op.Title = "Selecione a Imagem"; op.Filter = "All supported graphics|*.jpg;*.jpeg;*.png|" + "JPEG (*.jpg;*.jpeg)|*.jpg;*.jpeg|" + "Portable Network Graphic (*.png)|*.png"; if (op.ShowDialog() == true) { imgPatch.Source = new BitmapImage(new Uri(op.FileName)); txtName.Focus(); } } //Convert Image private void btConvertImage_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(txtName.Text)) { txtName.Focus(); MessageBox.Show("Preencha o Nome", "Error"); } else { save(ConvertFileToByteArray(op.FileName), txtName.Text); } } //Image to Byte Array private static byte[] ConvertFileToByteArray(String FilePath) { return File.ReadAllBytes(FilePath); } //Save Binary File and XML File public void save(byte[] img, string nome) { FileStream f; long ini, fin = img.Length; if (!File.Exists("Escudos.bcf")) { f = new FileStream("Escudos.bcf", FileMode.Create); ini = 0; } else { f = new FileStream("Escudos.bcf", FileMode.Append); ini = f.Length + 1; bin = new TestBinarySegment(); } bin.LoadAddSave("Escudos.xml", "Brasileiro", nome, ini, fin); BinaryWriter b = new BinaryWriter(f); b.Write(img); b.Close(); f.Dispose(); } //Load Image from Byte private void btLoad_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { getImageFromByte(); } //Byte to Image public void getImageFromByte(int start, int length) { using (FileStream fs = new FileStream("Escudos.bcf", FileMode.Open)) { byte[] iba = new byte[fs.Length+1]; fs.Read(iba, start, length); Image image = new Image(); image.Source = BitmapFrame.Create(fs, BitmapCreateOptions.None, BitmapCacheOption.OnLoad); imgPatch2.Source = image.Source; } }

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• Please Describe Your Struggles with Minimizing Use of Global Variables

  - by MetaHyperBolic

  Most of the programs I write are relatively flowchartable processes, with a defined start and hoped-for end. The problems themselves can be complex but do not readily lean towards central use of objects and event-driven programming. Often, I am simply churning through great varied batches of text data to produce different text data. Only occasionally do I need to create a class: As an example, to track warnings, errors, and debugging message, I created a class (Problems) with one instantiation (myErr), which I believe to be an example of the Singleton design pattern. As a further factor, my colleagues are more old school (procedural) than I and are unacquainted with object-oriented programming, so I am loath to create things they could not puzzle through. And yet I hear, again and again, how even the Singleton design pattern is really an anti-pattern and ought to be avoided because Global Variables Are Bad. Minor functions need few arguments passed to them and have no need to know of configuration (unchanging) or program state (changing) -- I agree. However, the functions in the middle of the chain, which primarily control program flow, have a need for a large number of configuration variables and some program state variables. I believe passing a dozen or more arguments along to a function is a "solution," but hardly an attractive one. I could, of course, cram variables into a single hash/dict/associative array, but that seems like cheating. For instance, connecting to the Active Directory to make a new account, I need such configuration variables as an administrative username, password, a target OU, some default groups, a domain, etc. I would have to pass those arguments down through a variety of functions which would not even use them, merely shuffle them off down through a chain which would eventually lead to the function that actually needs them. I would at least declare the configuration variables to be constant, to protect them, but my language of choice these days (Python) provides no simple manner to do this, though recipes do exist as workarounds. Numerous Stack Overflow questions have hit on the why? of the badness and the requisite shunning, but do not often mention tips on living with this quasi-religious restriction. How have you resolved, or at least made peace with, the issue of global variables and program state? Where have you made compromises? What have your tricks been, aside from shoving around flocks of arguments to functions?

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• Binary Search Tree Contains Function

  - by Suede

  I am trying to write a "contains" function for a binary search tree. I receive the following error at compile "Unhandled exception at 0x77291CB3 (ntdll.dll) in BST.exe: 0xC00000FD: Stack overflow (parameters: 0x00000001, 0x001E2FFC)." The following is my code. struct Node { int data; Node* leftChild; Node* rightChild; Node() : leftChild(NULL), rightChild(NULL) {} }; struct BST { Node* root; BST() : root(NULL) {} void insert(int value); bool contains(int value); }; void BST::insert(int value) { Node* temp = new Node(); temp->data = value; if(root == NULL) { root = temp; return; } Node* current; current = root; Node* parent; parent = root; current = (temp->data < current->data ? (current->leftChild) : (current->rightChild) while(current != NULL) { parent = current; current = (temp->data < current->data) ? (current->leftChild) : (current->rightChild) } if(temp->data < parent->data) { parent->leftChild = temp; } if(temp->data > parent->data) { parent->rightChild = temp; } } bool BST::contains(int value) { Node* temp = new Node(); temp->data = value; Node* current; current = root; if(temp->data == current->data) { // base case for when node with value is found std::cout << "true" << std::endl; return true; } if(current == NULL) { // base case if BST is empty or if a leaf is reached before value is found std::cout << "false" << std::endl; return false; } else { // recursive step current = (temp->data < current->data) ? (current->leftChild) : (current->rightChild); return contains(temp->data); } } int main() { BST bst; bst.insert(5); bst.contains(4); system("pause"); } As it stands, I would insert a single node with value '5' and I would search the binary search tree for a node with value '4' - thus, I would expect the result to be false.

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• Advice needed: stay with Java team or move to C++ team?

  - by user68759

  Some background - I have been programming in Java as a professional for the last few years. This is mainly using Java SE. I have also touched bits and pieces of other various Java technologies and have some basic knowledge about them. I consider my self as an intermediate Java programmer. I like Java very much. I think it is only going to get bigger. Recently, my manager asked my opinion on whether I would like to be transferred to another team within the company that is developing a product in C++. This is mainly because my current Java team simply didn't make enough money due to poor sales and the economic downturn. Now, I have never had any experience with C++ nor have I ever coded a single line of code in C++. I have always wanted to learn it and now is my chance. But I really want to make sure I get benefit out of it in the future, in the sense that I will have the skills that will still be on-demand in the future. So, what do you experts think? Is C++ still the language to learn these days to secure yourself for the future? What will I learn more in C++ but not in Java? And are they worthy to learn considering the current and possible future demands in IT industry? (Apart from the obvious more control over memory management and something along that line.) What is a good excuse to refuse the offer in order to stay with the Java team? I don't want to blatantly refuse it because you can never predict the future and I could possibly come back to my manager in the future and ask him to transfer me to the C++ team. How do I say it nicely that I am taking the offer but I would like to still be involved with Java one way or another, such as when there is a new Java project I would like to be considered. I have to admit that I am kind of 50-50 at the moment. I want to learn C++ for the sake of improving my skills and also helping my company to reduce the fund required for the Java team. But it is also hard for me to leave Java because I know Java is going to get bigger, so I am afraid of getting behind when I start concentrating on C++. I could, of course, decide to just join the C++ team, and then spend my free time reading about Java to keep in touch with it, but I thought I would ask anyway in case some people can point out the strong points of either over the other given the current and possibly future circumstances.

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• Class Template Instantiation: any way round this circular reference?

  - by TimYorke34

  I have two classes that I'm using to represent some hardware: A Button and an InputPin class which represent a button that will change the value of an IC's input pin when it's pressed down. A simple example of them is: template <int pinNumber> class InputPin { static bool IsHigh() { return ( (*portAddress) & (1<<pinNumber) ); } }; template <typename InputPin> class Button { static bool IsPressed() { return !InputPin::IsHigh(); } }; This works beautifully and by using class templates, the condition below will compile as tightly as if I'd handwritten it in assembly (a single instruction). Button < InputPin<1> > powerButton; if (powerButton.IsPressed()) ........; However, I am extending it to deal with interrupts and have got a problem with circular references. Compared to the original InputPin, a new InputPinIRQ class has an extra static member function that will be called automatically by the hardware when the pin value changes. I'd like it to be able to notify the Button class of this, so that the Button class can then notify the main application that it has been pressed/released. I am currently doing this with function pointers to callbacks. In order for the callback code to be inlined by the compiler, I need to pass the function pointers as template parameters. So now, both of the new classes have an extra template parameter that is a pointer to a callback function. Unfortunately this gives me a circular reference because to instantiate a ButtonIRQ class I now have to do something like this: ButtonIRQ< InputPinIRQ< A1, ButtonIRQ<....>::OnPinChange, OnButtonChange > pB; where the <...... represents the circular reference. Does anyone know how I can avoid this circular reference? I am new to templates, so might be missing something really simple. It's important that the compiler knows exactly what code will be run when the interrupt occurs as it then does some very useful optimisation - it is able to inline the callback function and literally inserts the callback function's code at the exact address that is called on a h/w interrupt.

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• C# A simple Hangman game

  - by Radostin Angelov

  I'm trying to create a simple Hangman game and i have gotten so far, to make it read all words from a text file, but I don't know how to make the code work for every single word. I have another project, working with 3/4 words but with repeating nested if statements. I want to make it as shorter as possible. This is the code i have so far : using System; using System.Linq; class Program { static void Main() { string[] words = System.IO.File.ReadAllLines(@"C:\Users\ADMIN\Desktop\Letters\Letters.txt"); int LengthOfArray = words.Length; Random rnd = new Random(); int random = rnd.Next(1, 3); char[] letters = words[random].ToCharArray(); bool WordIsHidden = true; char hiddenChar = '_'; char GuessedLetter = hiddenChar; var retry = true; while (retry = true) { Console.WriteLine(letters); letters = GuessedLetter.ToString().ToCharArray(); for (int i = 1; i <= LengthOfArray; i++) { Console.Write("{0} ", GuessedLetter); } Console.WriteLine("Enter a letter!"); char letter = char.Parse(Console.ReadLine()); if (words[random].Contains<char>(letter)) { WordIsHidden = false; GuessedLetter = letter; Console.Write(letters); } else { if (WordIsHidden == true) { Console.Write("You guessed wrong!"); } } } } } Also I'm trying to make the game show each letter, the user has guessed on it's corresponding position, but now the letter is one line higher than the rest of the word and it's not in it's right position. Edited: Here is the result : cat ___Enter a letter! a __ aaaEnter a letter! t aa tttEnter a letter! IF anyone have a clue for where does this come from and how can I fix it, any help will be greatly appreciated.

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• Delete duplicate rows, do not preserve one row

  - by Radley

  I need a query that goes through each entry in a database, checks if a single value is duplicated elsewhere in the database, and if it is - deletes both entries (or all, if more than two). Problem is the entries are URLs, up to 255 characters, with no way of identifying the row. Some existing answers on Stackoverflow do not work for me due to performance limitations, or they use uniqueid which obviously won't work when dealing with a string. Long Version: I have two databases containing URLs (and only URLs). One database has around 3,000 urls and the other around 1,000. However, a large majority of the 1,000 urls were taken from the 3,000 url database. I need to merge the 1,000 into the 3,000 as new entries only. For this, I made a third database with combined URLs from both tables, about 4,000 entries. I need to find all duplicate entries in this database and delete them (Both of them, without leaving either). I have followed the query of a few examples on this site, but whenever I try to delete both entries it ends up deleting all the entries, or giving sql errors. Alternatively: I have two databases, each containing the separate database. I need to check each row from one database against the other to find any that aren't duplicates, and then add those to a third database. Edit: I've got my own PHP solution which is pretty hacky, but works. I cannot answer my own question for 8 hours because I'm new, so here it is for now: I went with a PHP script to accomplish this, as I'm more familiar with PHP than MySQL. This generates a simple list of urls that only exist in the target database, but not both. If you have more than 7,000 entries to parse this may take awhile, and you will need to copy/paste the results into a text file or expand the script to store them back into a database. I'm just doing it manually to save time. Note: Uses MeekroDB <pre> <?php require('meekrodb.2.1.class.php'); DB::$user = 'root'; DB::$password = ''; DB::$dbName = 'testdb'; $all = DB::query('SELECT * FROM old_urls LIMIT 7000'); foreach($all as $row) { $test = DB::query('SELECT url FROM new_urls WHERE url=%s', $row['url']); if (!is_array($test)) { echo $row['url'] . "\n"; }else{ if (count($test) == 0) { echo $row['url'] . "\n"; } } } ?> </pre>

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• Improving performance for WRITE operation on Oracle DB in Java

  - by Lucky

  I've a typical scenario & need to understand best possible way to handle this, so here it goes - I'm developing a solution that will retrieve data from a remote SOAP based web service & will then push this data to an Oracle database on network. Also, this will be a scheduled task that will execute every 15 minutes. I've event queues on remote service that contains the INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE operations that have been done since last retrieval, & once I retrieve the events for last 15 minutes, it again add events for next retrieval. Now, its just pushing data to Oracle so all my interactions are INSERT & UPDATE statements. There are around 60 tables on Oracle with some of them having 100+ columns. Moreover, for every 15 minutes cycle there would be around 60-70 Inserts, 100+ Updates & 10-20 Deletes. This will be an executable jar file that will terminate after operation & will again start on next 15 minutes cycle. So, I need to understand how should I handle WRITE operations (best practices) to improve performance for this application as whole ? Current Test Code (on every cycle) - Connects to remote service to get events. Creates a connection with DB (single connection object). Identifies the type of operation (INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE) & table on which it is done. After above, calls the respective method based on type of operation & table. Uses Preparedstatement with positional parameters, & retrieves each column value from remote service & assigns that to statement parameters. Commits the statement & returns to get event class to process next event. Above is repeated till all the retrieved events are processed after which program closes & then starts on next cycle & everything repeats again. Thanks for help !

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• PHP-OOP extending two classes?

  - by user1292810

  I am very beginner to OOP and now I am trying to write some PHP class to connect with FTP server. class ftpConnect { private $server; private $user; private $password; private $connection_id; private $connection_correct = false; public function __construct($server, $user = "anonymous", $password = "[email protected]") { $this->server = $server; $this->user = $user; $this->password = $password; $this->connection_id = ftp_connect($this->server); $this->connection_correct = ftp_login($this->connection_id, $this->user, $this->password); if ( (!$this->connection_id) || (!$this->connection_correct) ){ echo "Error! Couldn't connect to $this->server"; var_dump($this->connection_id); var_dump($this->connection_correct); return false; } else { echo "Successfully connected to $this->server, user: $this->user"; $this->connection_correct = true; return true; } } } I reckon that body of the class is insignificant at the moment. Main issue is that I have some problems with understanding OOP idea. I wanted to add sending emails every time, when the code is run. I have downloaded PHPMailer Class and extended my class with it: class ftpConnect extends PHPMailer {...} I have added some variables and methods and everything works as expected to that point. I thought: why not to add storing everything in database. Everytime user runs above code, proper information should be stored in database. I could edit my ftpConnect class and add database connecting to the constructor, and some other methods to updating tables. But database connecting and all that stuff could be used by other classes in the future, so it definitely should be implemented in seperate class. But my "main" ftpConnect class already extends one class and could not extend not a single one more. I have no idea how can I resolve this problem. Maybe my ftpConnect class is to complex and I should somehow divide it into couple smaller classes? Any help is much appreciated.

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• Firefox all but freezes during large file upload; Ajax progress bar infeasible; IE6 works fine

  - by Sean

  I want to provide a progress bar for my users who upload very large files. I did some reading and implemented what should be a pretty straightforward solution: I have a <form> element that contains an file input element; its target is set to the ID of a hidden iframe. On the server side, there's some Spring magic that attaches an object to the user's session; the progress of the upload can be queried from this object. After submitting the form, I start a repeating Ajax call using setInterval that queries the server for the percent-complete using the aforementioned session object. The call repeats every half-second, skipping the Ajax call if the previous call has not yet completed. I use the data from the call to update the width of an onscreen element. When the server call reports that the upload is complete, I clear the interval timer. I created a 100-megabyte file and uploaded it using my interface. This is using Firefox 3.6.3. What I found is that although the upload takes 20-25 seconds, the progress bar doesn't get updated until the very end. Moreover, the entire browser is basically frozen until the upload completes. I assumed that my method must be flawed, but I tried the same page using IE6, and was utterly amazed when it behaved as I had designed it to--the progress bar got updated every half second, and the whole upload only took about 15 seconds, much faster than Firefox. I don't have many add-ons installed, but I tried disabling Firebug and restarting my browser. This marginally improved the performance--I got perhaps a single additional progress bar update mid-upload--but still far from acceptable. Can anyone tell me what I can do to bring Firefox's performance up to the level of IE6? Ugh, I can't believe I actually typed that. EDIT: I just tried uploading a large file from a Firefox 3.6.3 browser on a different machine than the one that's running my web server, and it worked fine. Huh.

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• PHP - trying to automate/loop a save function

  - by Homer_J

  EDIT: the difference between the pages are the simply $q1, $q2, $q3 becomes, for example, $q13, $q14, $q15 - they are questions in the form. Hi all, I have the following code: $rguid = $_POST["r"]; $ip=substr($_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'], 0, 50); $browser=substr($_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT'], 0, 255); $q1 = $_POST["q1"]; $q2 = $_POST["q2"]; $q3 = $_POST["q3"]; $q4 = $_POST["q4"]; $q5 = $_POST["q5"]; $q6 = $_POST["q6"]; $q7 = $_POST["q7"]; $q8 = $_POST["q8"]; $respondent_id = decode_respondent_guid($rguid); $rcount=respondent_status($respondent_id); if ($rcount==0) { $proc = mysqli_prepare($link, "INSERT INTO tresults (respondent_id, ip, browser, q1, q2, q3, q4, q5, q6, q7, q8) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?);"); mysqli_stmt_bind_param($proc, "issiiiiiiii", $respondent_id, $ip, $browser, $q1, $q2, $q3, $q4, $q5, $q6, $q7, $q8); mysqli_stmt_execute($proc); $mysql_error = mysqli_error($link); if ($mysql_error!="") { printf("Unexpected database error: %s\n", $mysql_error); mysqli_stmt_close($proc); mysqli_clean_connection($link); exit(); } else { mysqli_stmt_close($proc); mysqli_clean_connection($link); update_completion_status($respondent_id, 'Started'); header("Location: page2.php?r=".$rguid); } } This code works a treat - no problem. At the moment, that code appears on a 'save' page that relates to a 'form' page (i.e. if I have 5 .php pages with a form on each, I need 5 save.php pages to save each pages data to the database) to save data to my SQL database. What I would like is to have a single save.php page that will work with as many 'form' pages as I have. So instead of manually having to setup and change each save page, it automates it. I've no idea of the coding to do this, though I suspect something like a foreacg or loop etc. Any suggestions? Thanks, Homer.

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• Comparing char for validation in C++

  - by Corey Starbird

  /* PROGRAM: Ch6_14.cpp Written by Corey Starbird This program calculates the balance owed to a hospital for a patient. Last modified: 10/28/13 */ #include <iostream> #include <fstream> #include <iomanip> #include <string> using namespace std; // Prototypes for In-patient and Out-patient functions. double stayTotal (int, double, double, double); // For In-patients double stayTotal (double, double); // For Out-patients int main() { char patientType; // In-patient (I or i) or Out-patient (O or o) double rate, // Daily rate for the In-patient stay servCharge, // Service charge for the stay medCharge, // Medication charge for the stay inTotal, // Total for the In-patient stay outTotal; // Total for the Out-patient stay int days; // Number of days for the In-patient stay // Find out if they were an In-patient or an Out-patient cout << "Welcome, please enter (I) for an In-patient or (O) for an Out-patient:" << endl; cin >> patientType; while (patientType != 'I' || 'i' || 'O' || 'o') { cout << "Invalid entry. Please enter either (I) for an In-patient or (O) for an Out-patient:" << endl; cin >> patientType; } cout << "FIN"; return 0; } Hey, brand new to C++ here. I am working on a project and I'm having trouble figuring out why my validation for patientTypeisn't working properly. I first had double quotes, but realized that would denote strings. I changed them to single quotes, my program will compile and run now, but the while loop runs no matter what I enter, I, i, O, o, or anything else. I don't know why the while loop isn't checking the condition, seeing that I did enter one of the characters in the condition, and move on to cout. Probably a simple mistake, but I thank you in advance.

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