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• R Install/Update on Mac OS X (Snow Leopard): where does R put files during install/config?

  - by doug

  In sum, there's a stray preference-like file or two (probably just one) that i can't find. Here's the whole story: I recently attempted to update my R install from 2.10 to 2.11. As i have done before, i installed from source. I know that all of the dependencies are correctly installed and made available to R, because my prior install worked fine. When i upgraded to 2.11, i am unable to install packages (no exception thrown, it just doesn't appear to complete the install and is unresponsive so i have to quit + restart R. Given i install from source, there are any number of points in the process that i could have messed up. What i need to do now is "start over" which requires that i clear out my my prior install. I am having trouble doing that. There is still at least one preference file or something like that i can't find and one of these is causing the problem, so i need to find it and terminate it with extreme prejudice before i do a fresh install. Although i set a number of flags during the install, i have never opted out of the default install locations during the config step. There has to be one or more preference files still in my file structure (and that's also accessible to the new install of R) because after i follow all of the steps below, then do a fresh install, when i start R for the first time, some of my preferences have persisted (e.g., quartz settings, GUI background color, editor selection, etc.). Again, the problem is that i just cannot locate those files. Finally, the problem can't be that during my last install from source, i inadvertently caused a preference file to be sent to an off-spec location--because again, a fresh R install (whether from source or from the OS X binaries) is finding those files Here's what i've done prior to attempting a clean install of R: Removed files from these locations: ~/.RData ~/.RHistory /Applications/R64.app /Applications/R.app /Library/Frameworks/R.framework (i also removed all symlinks from these) Cleared all RAM and disk caches, in particular the directory where i know R caches: ~/Library/Caches/R* (in fact i've cleared this entire directory) Checked for all 'hidden' files in the OS X directories where login/startup files are often placed: /etc/ ~/ In addition, i've checked R-help, and i've also read through the relevant portions of 'R Installation and Administration'--no luck. I've also searched searched my file structure using the various bash utilities, which nearly always solves problems of this sort quite easily, but in this case obviously searching by name or even pattern is more problematic.

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• INNER JOIN code calculated value with SELECT statement

  - by sp-1986

  I have the following stored procedure which will generate mon to sun and then creates a temp table with a series of 'weeks' (start and end weeks) : USE [test_staff] GO /****** Object: StoredProcedure [dbo].[sp_timesheets_all_staff_by_week_by_job_grouping_by_site] Script Date: 03/21/2012 09:04:49 ******/ SET ANSI_NULLS ON GO SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON GO CREATE PROCEDURE [dbo].[sp_timesheets_all_staff_by_week_by_job_grouping_by_site] ( @grouping_ref int, @week_ref int ) AS CREATE TABLE #WeeklyList ( Start_Week date, End_Week date, week_ref int --month_name date ) DECLARE @REPORT_DATE DATETIME, @WEEK_BEGINING VARCHAR(10) SELECT @REPORT_DATE = '2011-01-19T00:00:00' --SELECT @REPORT_DATE = GETDATE() -- should grab the date now. SELECT @WEEK_BEGINING = 'MONDAY' IF @WEEK_BEGINING = 'MONDAY' SET DATEFIRST 1 ELSE IF @WEEK_BEGINING = 'TUESDAY' SET DATEFIRST 2 ELSE IF @WEEK_BEGINING = 'WEDNESDAY' SET DATEFIRST 3 ELSE IF @WEEK_BEGINING = 'THURSDAY' SET DATEFIRST 4 ELSE IF @WEEK_BEGINING = 'FRIDAY' SET DATEFIRST 5 ELSE IF @WEEK_BEGINING = 'SATURDAY' SET DATEFIRST 6 ELSE IF @WEEK_BEGINING = 'SUNDAY' SET DATEFIRST 7 DECLARE @WEEK_START_DATE DATETIME, @WEEK_END_DATE DATETIME --GET THE WEEK START DATE SELECT @WEEK_START_DATE = @REPORT_DATE - (DATEPART(DW, @REPORT_DATE) - 1) --GET THE WEEK END DATE SELECT @WEEK_END_DATE = @REPORT_DATE + (7 - DATEPART(DW, @REPORT_DATE)) PRINT 'Week Start: ' + CONVERT(VARCHAR, @WEEK_START_DATE) PRINT 'Week End: ' + CONVERT(VARCHAR, @WEEK_END_DATE) DECLARE @Interval int = datediff(WEEK,getdate(),@WEEK_START_DATE)+1 --SELECT Start_Week=@WEEK_START_DATE --, End_Week=@WEEK_END_DATE --INTO #WeekList INSERT INTO #WeeklyList SELECT Start_Week=@WEEK_START_DATE, End_Week=@WEEK_END_DATE WHILE @Interval <= 0 BEGIN set @WEEK_START_DATE=DATEADD(WEEK,1,@WEEK_START_DATE) set @WEEK_END_DATE=DATEADD(WEEK,1,@WEEK_END_DATE) INSERT INTO #WeeklyList values (@WEEK_START_DATE,@WEEK_END_DATE) SET @Interval += 1; END SELECT CONVERT(VARCHAR(11), Start_Week, 106) AS 'month_name', CONVERT(VARCHAR(11), End_Week, 106) AS 'End', DATEDIFF(DAY, 0, Start_Week) / 7 AS week_ref -- create the unique week reference number --'VIEW' AS month_name FROM #WeeklyList In this section i am creating the week_ref DATEDIFF(DAY, 0, Start_Week) / 7 AS week_ref -- create the unique week reference number I then need to combine it with this select code: DECLARE @YearString char(3) = CONVERT(char(3), SUBSTRING(CONVERT(char(5), @week_ref), 1, 3)) DECLARE @MonthString char(2) = CONVERT(char(2), SUBSTRING(CONVERT(char(5), @week_ref), 4, 2)) --Convert: DECLARE @Year int = CONVERT(int, @YearString) + 1200 DECLARE @Month int = CONVERT(int, @MonthString) **--THIS FILTERS THE REPORT** SELECT ts.staff_member_ref, sm.common_name, sm.department_name, DATENAME(MONTH, ts.start_dtm) + ' ' + DATENAME(YEAR, ts.start_dtm) AS month_name, ts.timesheet_cat_ref, cat.desc_long AS timesheet_cat_desc, grps.grouping_ref, grps.description AS grouping_desc, ts.task_ref, tsks.task_code, tsks.description AS task_desc, ts.site_ref, sits.description AS site_desc, ts.site_ref AS Expr1, CASE WHEN ts .status = 0 THEN 'Pending' WHEN ts .status = 1 THEN 'Booked' WHEN ts .status = 2 THEN 'Approved' ELSE 'Invalid Status' END AS site_status, ts.booked_time AS booked_time_sum, start_dtm, CONVERT(varchar(20), start_dtm, 108) + ' ' + CONVERT(varchar(20), start_dtm, 103) AS start_dtm_text, booked_time, end_dtm, CONVERT(varchar(20), end_dtm, 108) + ' ' + CONVERT(varchar(20), end_dtm, 103) AS end_dtm_text FROM timesheets AS ts INNER JOIN timesheet_categories AS cat ON ts.timesheet_cat_ref = cat.timesheet_cat_ref INNER JOIN timesheet_tasks AS tsks ON ts.task_ref = tsks.task_ref INNER JOIN timesheet_task_groupings AS grps ON tsks.grouping_ref = grps.grouping_ref INNER JOIN timesheet_sites AS sits ON ts.site_ref = sits.site_ref INNER JOIN vw_staff_members AS sm ON ts.staff_member_ref = sm.staff_member_ref WHERE (ts.status IN (1, 2)) AND (cat.is_leave_category = 0) GROUP BY ts.staff_member_ref, sm.common_name, sm.department_name, DATENAME(MONTH, ts.start_dtm), DATENAME(YEAR, ts.start_dtm), ts.timesheet_cat_ref, cat.desc_long, grps.grouping_ref, grps.description, ts.status, ts.booked_time, ts.task_ref, tsks.task_code, tsks.description, ts.site_ref, sits.description, ts.start_dtm, ts.end_dtm ORDER BY sm.common_name, timesheet_cat_desc, tsks.task_code, site_desc DROP TABLE #WeeklyList GO I want to pass the week_ref into the SELECT statement (refer to comment - THIS FILTERS THE REPORT) but the problem is week_ref isnt a valid column as its derived by code. Any ideas?

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• Marshalling polymorphic objects in JAX-WS

  - by pkchukiss

  I'm creating a JAX-WS type webservice, with operations that return an object WebServiceReply. The class WebServiceReply itself contains a field of type Object. The individual operations would populate that field with a few different data-types, depending on the operation. Publishing the WSDL (I'm using Netbeans 6.7), and getting a ASP.NET application to retrieve and parse the WSDL was fine, but when I tried to call an operation, I would receive the following exception: javax.xml.ws.WebServiceException: javax.xml.bind.MarshalException - with linked exception: [javax.xml.bind.JAXBException: class [LDataObject.Patient; nor any of its super class is known to this context.] How do I mark the annotations in the DataObject.Patient class, as well as the WebServiceReply class to get it to work? I haven't been able to fine a definitive resource on marshalling based upon annotations within the target classes either, so it would be great if anybody could point me to that too. WebServiceReply.java @XmlRootElement(name="WebServiceReply") public class WebServiceReply { private Object returnedObject; private String returnedType; private String message; private String errorMessage; .......... // Getters and setters follow } DataObject.Patient.java @XmlRootElement(name="Patient") public class Patient { private int uid; private Date versionDateTime; private String name; private String identityNumber; private List<Address> addressList; private List<ContactNumber> contactNumberList; private List<Appointment> appointmentList; private List<Case> caseList; } Solution (Thanks to Gregory Mostizky for his answer) I edited the WebServiceReply class so that all the possible return objects extend from a new class ReturnValueBase, and added the annotations using @XmlSeeAlso to ReturnValueBase. JAXB worked properly after that! Nonetheless, I'm still learning about JAXB marshalling in JAX-WS, so it would be great if anyone can still post any tutorial on this. Gregory: you might want to add-on to your answer that the return objects need to sub-class from ReturnValueBase. Thanks a lot for your help! I had been going bonkers over this problem for so long!

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• bug in my jquery code while trying replace html elements with own values

  - by loviji

  I today ask a question, about using Jquery, replace html elements with own values. link text And I use answer, and get a problem. function replaceWithValues not works same in all cases.I call this function two times: 1. btnAddParam click 2. btnCancelEdit click $("#btnAddParam").click(function() { var lastRow = $('#mainTable tr:last'); var rowState = $("#mainTable tr:last>td:first"); replaceWithValues(lastRow, rowState); var htmlToAppend = "<tr bgcolor='#B0B0B0' ><td class='textField' er='editable'><input value='' type='text' /></td><td><textarea cols='40' rows='3' ></textarea></td><td>" + initSelectType(currentID) + "</td><td><input id='txt" + currentID + "3' type='text' class='measureUnit' /></td><td><input type='checkbox' /></td><td></td></tr>"; $("#mainTable").append(htmlToAppend); }); //buttonCancelEdit located in end of row $('#mainTable input:button').unbind().live('click', function() { var row = $(this).closest('tr'); var rowState = $(this).closest('tr').find("td:first"); replaceWithValues(row, rowState); $(this).remove(); }); //do row editable -- replaceWithElements $('#mainTable tr').unbind().live('click', function() { if ($(this).find("td:first").attr("er") == "readable") { var rowState = $(this).closest('tr').find("td:first"); replaceWithElements($(this), rowState); } }); function replaceWithValues(row, er) { if (er.attr("er") == "editable") { var inputElements = $('td > input:text', row); inputElements.each(function() { var value = $(this).val(); $(this).replaceWith(value); }); er.attr("er", "readable"); } } function replaceWithElements(row, er) { if (er.attr("er") == "readable") { var tdinit = $("<td>").attr("er", "editable").addClass("textField"); $('.textField', row).each(function() { var element = tdinit.append($("<input type='text' value="+$.trim($(this).text())+" />")); $(this).empty().replaceWith(element); }); row.find("td:last").append("<input type='button'/>"); //$('.selectField') ... //$('.textAreaField') ... } } $("#btnAddParam").click() function works well. it call function replaceWithValues. I call $('#mainTable tr').unbind().live('click', function() { } to do row editable, and it creates a button in the end of row. After user can click this button and call function $('#mainTable input:button').unbind().live('click', function() {}. and this function call function replaceWithValues. but in this case it doesn't work.

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• HLSL tex2d sampler seemingly returning incorrect values; why?

  - by BlueNovember

  Hello all, I have code that needs to render regions of my object differently depending on their location. I am trying to use a colour map to define these regions, then get a value (0-14) representing this region by sampling the texture. The problem is when I sample from my colour map, I get collisions. Ie, two regions with different colours in the colourmap get the same value returned from the sampler. I've tried various formats of my colour map. I set the colours for each region to be "5" apart in each case; Indexed colour RGB, RGBA: region 1 will have RGB 5,5,5. region 2 will have RGB 10,10,10 and so on. HSV Greyscale: region 1 will have HSV 0,0,5. region 2 will have HSV 0,0,10 and so on. The tex2D sampler returns a value [0..1]. To get the "region number" I multiply this by 100 and divide by 5, expecting a number [0..20]. (But currently only using 0-14) I am using Shader Model 2 and FX Composer. //Colour map texture gColourmapTexture < string ResourceName = "Globe_Colourmap_Regions_Greyscale.png"; string ResourceType = "2D"; >; sampler2D gColourmapSampler : register(s1) = sampler_state { Texture = <gColourmapTexture>; #if DIRECT3D_VERSION >= 0xa00 Filter = MIN_MAG_MIP_LINEAR; #else /* DIRECT3D_VERSION < 0xa00 */ MinFilter = Linear; MipFilter = Linear; MagFilter = Linear; #endif /* DIRECT3D_VERSION */ AddressU = Clamp; AddressV = Clamp; }; ... //Then later, in a method float region = tex2D(gColourmapSampler,In.UV).x; //at this point I do not think it matters which of xyz components I pick; even in HSV they're all the same for my image. region *= 100; //Now in range [0..100] region /= 5; //Now in range [0..20] float3 levels[21]; //*Code populating "levels" array with what is essentially colour information * levels[1] = ... levels[2] = ... //Chose which level this region has, by looking up its region number float3 Level = levels[region];

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• Problem getting ar_mailer/ar_sendmail working on new server

  - by Max Williams

  Hey all. I've got a new app up and running on a new ubuntu server. It's working fine generally but i can't get ar_sendmail working. I'm following the instructions on this page: http://www.ameravant.com/posts/sending-tons-of-emails-in-ruby-on-rails-with-ar_mailer The setup is all done, ie i can "deliver mails" which just saves records in my Email table. Now i want to get the ar_sendmail daemon running to actually send them. (so i'm at 'Running ar_sendmail in daemon mode' in that web page). First thing: ar_sendmail --mailq >>ar_sendmail: command not found Ok...so, where is ar_sendmail? I have a look and there's an ar_sendmail file in the bin folder of the ar_mailer plugin, so i add the location of that to my path. I don't know if this was the right thing to do or not. Ok, so try again. ar_sendmail --mailq /var/www/apps/millionaire/vendor/plugins/ar_mailer/bin/ar_sendmail:3:in `require': no such file to load -- action_mailer/ar_sendmail (LoadError) from /var/www/apps/millionaire/vendor/plugins/ar_mailer/bin/ar_sendmail:3 hmm. Here's the offending file, there's not much there. #!/usr/bin/env ruby require 'action_mailer/ar_sendmail' ActionMailer::ARSendmail.run ok...so it literally is just trying to require this and can't find it. The file, action_mailer/ar_sendmail.rb is in the ar_mailer plugin, in it's lib folder. So, given that it's being called from inside the plugin, it should be able to see this right? I've got a feeling that i'm way off the track here and have missed something simple. Can anyone set me straight? I'm using rails 2.3.4 in case that's relevant. EDIT - i just realised something kind of dumb: when i call ar_sendmail from the command line like this, i'm just loading that one file, which doesn't know where it's supposed to look for the rest of the stuff, i think. Which really makes me think that i'm not trying to run the right thing. Is the ar_sendmail daemon a seperate program altogether, that i would get with apt_get or something? EDIT2 - i made some progress by installing the ar_mailer gem (which the guide said i shouldn't do) and that does seem to run. It's sending some mail request somewhere and clearing the Email table of pending emails. Running ar_sendmail in -ov (oneshot verbal) mode i see it report this for example: sent email 00000000019 from [email protected] to [email protected]: # So, it actually looks like it's working now and i just need to set up the ACTUAL THING WHICH SENDS EMAILS. sigh. still grateful for any advice. thanks, max

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• How can I inject Javascript (including Prototype.js) in other sites without cluttering the global na

  - by Daniel Magliola

  I'm currently on a project that is a big site that uses the Prototype library, and there is already a humongous amount of Javascript code. We're now working on a piece of code that will get "injected" into other people's sites (picture people adding a <script> tag in their sites) which will then run our code and add a bunch of DOM elements and functionality to their site. This will have new pieces of code, and will also reuse a lot of the code that we use on our main site. The problem I have is that it's of course not cool to just add a <script> that will include Prototype in people's pages. If we do that in a page that's already using ANY framework, we're guaranteed to screw everything up. jQuery gives us the option to "rename" the $ object, so it could handle this situation decently, except obviously for the fact that we're not using jQuery, so we'd have to migrate everything. Right now i'm contemplating a number of ugly choices, and I'm not sure what's best... Rewrite everything to use jQuery, with a renamed $ object everywhere. Creating a "new" Prototype library with only the subset we'd be using in "injected" code, and renaming $ to something else. Then again I'd have to adapt the parts of my code that would be shared somehow. Not using a library at all in injected code, to keep it as clean as possible, and rewriting the shared code to use no library at all. This would obviously degenerate into us creating our own frankenstein of a library, which is probably the worst case scenario ever. I'm wondering what you guys think I could do, and also whether there's some magic option that would solve all my problems... For example, do you think I could use something like Caja / Cajita to sandbox my own code and isolate it from the rest of the site, and have Prototype inside of there? Or am I completely missing the point with that? I also read once about a technique for bookmarklets, were you add your code like this: (function() { /* your code */ })(); And then your code is all inside your anonymous function and you haven't touched the global namespace at all. Do you think I could make one file containing: (function() { /* Full Code of the Prototype file here */ /* All my code that will run in the "other" site */ InitializeStuff_CreateDOMElements_AttachEventHandlers(); })(); Would that work? Would it accomplish the objective of not cluttering the global namespace, and not killing the functionality on a site that uses jQuery, for example? Or is Prototype too complex somehow to isolate it like that? (NOTE: I think I know that that would create closures everywhere and that's slower, but I don't care too much about performance, my code is not doing anything that complex)

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• Apple Push Notifications With Foreign Accent Characters Not Receiving

  - by confeng

  I'm sending push notifications and when the message contains foreign characters (Turkish in my case) like I, s, ç, g... The message does not arrive to devices. Here's my code: $message = 'THIS is push'; $passphrase = 'mypass'; $ctx = stream_context_create(); stream_context_set_option($ctx, 'ssl', 'local_cert', 'MyPemFile.pem'); stream_context_set_option($ctx, 'ssl', 'passphrase', $passphrase); // Open a connection to the APNS server $fp = stream_socket_client( 'ssl://gateway.push.apple.com:2195', $err, $errstr, 60, STREAM_CLIENT_CONNECT|STREAM_CLIENT_PERSISTENT, $ctx); if (!$fp) exit("Failed to connect: $err $errstr" . PHP_EOL); echo 'Connected to Apple service. ' . PHP_EOL; // Encode the payload as JSON $body['aps'] = array( 'alert' => $message, 'sound' => 'default' ); $payload = json_encode($body); $result = 'Start'.PHP_EOL; $tokenArray = array('mytoken'); foreach ($tokenArray as $item) { // Build the binary notification $msg = chr(0) . pack('n', 32) . pack('H*', $item) . pack('n', strlen($payload)) . $payload; // Send it to the server $result = fwrite($fp, $msg, strlen($msg)); if (!$result) echo 'Failed message'.PHP_EOL; else echo 'Successful message'.PHP_EOL; } // Close the connection to the server fclose($fp); I have tried encoding $message variable with utf8_encode() but the message received as "THÝS is push". And other ways like iconv() didn't work for me, some of them cropped Turkish characters, some didn't receive at all. I also have header('content-type: text/html; charset: utf-8'); and <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> in my page. I don't think the problem appears while I set the value but maybe with pack() function. Any ideas to solve this without replacing characters with English?

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• Need an end of lexical scope action which can die normally

  - by Schwern

  I need the ability to add actions to the end of a lexical block where the action might die. And I need the exception to be thrown normally and be able to be caught normally. Unfortunately, Perl special cases exceptions during DESTROY both by adding "(in cleanup)" to the message and making them untrappable. For example: { package Guard; use strict; use warnings; sub new { my $class = shift; my $code = shift; return bless $code, $class; } sub DESTROY { my $self = shift; $self->(); } } use Test::More tests => 2; my $guard_triggered = 0; ok !eval { my $guard = Guard->new( #line 24 sub { $guard_triggered++; die "En guarde!" } ); 1; }, "the guard died"; is $@, "En guarde! at $@ line 24\n", "with the right error message"; is $guard_triggered, 1, "the guard worked"; I want that to pass. Currently the exception is totally swallowed by the eval. This is for Test::Builder2, so I cannot use anything but pure Perl. The underlying issue is I have code like this: { $self->setup; $user_code->(); $self->cleanup; } That cleanup must happen even if the $user_code dies, else $self gets into a weird state. So I did this: { $self->setup; my $guard = Guard->new(sub { $self->cleanup }); $user_code->(); } The complexity comes because the cleanup runs arbitrary user code and it is a use case where that code will die. I expect that exception to be trappable and unaltered by the guard. I'm avoiding wrapping everything in eval blocks because of the way that alters the stack.

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• Using jQuery to Dynamically Insert Into List Alphabetically

  - by Dex

  I have two ordered lists next to each other. When I take a node out of one list I want to insert it alphabetically into the other list. The catch is that I want to take just the one element out and place it back in the other list without refreshing the entire list. The strange thing is that when I insert into the list on the right, it works fine, but when I insert back into the list on the left, the order never comes out right. I have also tried reading everything into an array and sorting it there just in case the children() method isn't returning things in the order they are displayed, but I still get the same results. Here is my jQuery: function moveNode(node, to_list, order_by){ rightful_index = 1; $(to_list) .children() .each(function(){ var ordering_field = (order_by == "A") ? "ingredient_display" : "local_counter"; var compA = $(node).attr(ordering_field).toUpperCase(); var compB = $(this).attr(ordering_field).toUpperCase(); var C = ((compA > compB) ? 1 : 0); if( C == 1 ){ rightful_index++; } }); if(rightful_index > $(to_list).children().length){ $(node).fadeOut("fast", function(){ $(to_list).append($(node)); $(node).fadeIn("fast"); }); }else{ $(node).fadeOut("fast", function(){ $(to_list + " li:nth-child(" + rightful_index + ")").before($(node)); $(node).fadeIn("fast"); }); } } Here is what my html looks like: <ol> <li ingredient_display="Enriched Pasta" ingredient_id="101635" local_counter="1"> <span class="rank">1</span> <span class="rounded-corners"> <span class="plus_sign">&nbsp;&nbsp;+&nbsp;&nbsp;</span> <div class="ingredient">Enriched Pasta</div> <span class="minus_sign">&nbsp;&nbsp;-&nbsp;&nbsp;</span> </span> </li> </ol>

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• How do you stop a user-instance of Sql Server? (Sql Express user instance database files locked, eve

  - by Bittercoder

  When using SQL Server Express 2005's User Instance feature with a connection string like this: <add name="Default" connectionString="Data Source=.\SQLExpress; AttachDbFilename=C:\My App\Data\MyApp.mdf; Initial Catalog=MyApp; User Instance=True; MultipleActiveResultSets=true; Trusted_Connection=Yes;" /> We find that we can't copy the database files MyApp.mdf and MyApp_Log.ldf (because they're locked) even after stopping the SqlExpress service, and have to resort to setting the SqlExpress service from automatic to manual startup mode, and then restarting the machine, before we can then copy the files. It was my understanding that stopping the SqlExpress service should stop all the user instances as well, which should release the locks on those files. But this does not seem to be the case - could anyone shed some light on how to stop a user instance, such that it's database files are no longer locked? Update OK, I stopped being lazy and fired up Process Explorer. Lock was held by sqlserver.exe - but there are two instances of sql server: sqlserver.exe PID: 4680 User Name: DefaultAppPool sqlserver.exe PID: 4644 User Name: NETWORK SERVICE The file is open by the sqlserver.exe instance with the PID: 4680 Stopping the "SQL Server (SQLEXPRESS)" service, killed off the process with PID: 4644, but left PID: 4680 alone. Seeing as the owner of the remaining process was DefaultAppPool, next thing I tried was stopping IIS (this database is being used from an ASP.Net application). Unfortunately this didn't kill the process off either. Manually killing off the remaining sql server process does remove the open file handle on the database files, allowing them to be copied/moved. Unfortunately I wish to copy/restore those files in some pre/post install tasks of a WiX installer - as such I was hoping there might be a way to achieve this by stopping a windows service, rather then having to shell out to kill all instances of sqlserver.exe as that poses some problems: Killing all the sqlserver.exe instances may have undesirable consequencies for users with other Sql Server instances on their machines. I can't restart those instances easily. Introduces additional complexities into the installer. Does anyone have any further thoughts on how to shutdown instances of sql server associated with a specific user instance?

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• How to break a Hibernate session?

  - by Péter Török

  In the Hibernate reference, it is stated several times that All exceptions thrown by Hibernate are fatal. This means you have to roll back the database transaction and close the current Session. You aren’t allowed to continue working with a Session that threw an exception. One of our legacy apps uses a single session to update/insert many records from files into a DB table. Each recourd update/insert is done in a separate transaction, which is then duly committed (or rolled back in case an error occurred). Then for the next record a new transaction is opened etc. But the same session is used throughout the whole process, even if a HibernateException was caught in the middle. We are using Oracle 9i btw with Hibernate 3.24.sp1 on JBoss 4.2. Reading the above in the book, I realized that this design may fail. So I refactored the app to use a separate session for each record update. In a unit test with a mock session factory, I could prove that it is now requesting a new session for each record update. So far, so good. However, we found no way to reproduce the session failure while testing the whole app (would this be a stress test btw, or ...?). We thought of shutting down the listener of the DB but we realized that the app is keeping a bunch of connections open to the DB, and the listener would not affect those connections. (This is a web app, activated once every night by a scheduler, but it can also be activated via the browser.) Then we tried to kill some of those connections in the DB while the app was processing updates - this resulted in some failed updates, but then the app happily continued. Apparently Hibernate is clever enough to reopen broken connections under the hood without breaking the whole session. So this might not be a critical issue, as our app seems to be robust enough even in its original form. However, the issue keeps bugging me. I would like to know: Under what circumstances does the Hibernate session really become unusable after a HibernateException was thrown? How to reproduce this in a test? (What's the proper term for such a test?)

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• Qt - Calling widget parent's slots

  - by bullettime

  I wrote a small program to test accessing a widget parent's slot. Basically, it has two classes: Widget: namespace Ui { class Widget; } class Widget : public QWidget { Q_OBJECT public: Widget(QWidget *parent = 0); ~Widget(); QLabel *newlabel; QString foo; public slots: void changeLabel(); private: Ui::Widget *ui; }; Widget::Widget(QWidget *parent) : QWidget(parent), ui(new Ui::Widget) { ui->setupUi(this); customWidget *cwidget = new customWidget(); newlabel = new QLabel("text"); foo = "hello world"; this->ui->formLayout->addWidget(newlabel); this->ui->formLayout->addWidget(cwidget); connect(this->ui->pushButton,SIGNAL(clicked()),cwidget,SLOT(callParentSlot())); connect(this->ui->pb,SIGNAL(clicked()),this,SLOT(changeLabel())); } void Widget::changeLabel(){ newlabel->setText(this->foo); } and customWidget: class customWidget : public QWidget { Q_OBJECT public: customWidget(); QPushButton *customPB; public slots: void callParentSlot(); }; customWidget::customWidget() { customPB = new QPushButton("customPB"); QHBoxLayout *hboxl = new QHBoxLayout(); hboxl->addWidget(customPB); this->setLayout(hboxl); connect(this->customPB,SIGNAL(clicked()),this,SLOT(callParentSlot())); } void customWidget::callParentSlot(){ ((Widget*)this->parentWidget())->changeLabel(); } in the main function, I simply created an instance of Widget, and called show() on it. This Widget instance has a label, a QString, an instance of customWidget class, and two buttons (inside the ui class, pushButton and pb). One of the buttons calls a slot in its own class called changeLabel(), that, as the name suggests, changes the label to whatever is set in the QString contained in it. I made that just to check that changeLabel() worked. This button is working fine. The other button calls a slot in the customWidget instance, named callParentSlot(), that in turn tries to call the changeLabel() slot in its parent. Since in this case I know that its parent is in fact an instance of Widget, I cast the return value of parentWidget() to Widget*. This button crashes the program. I made a button within customWidget to try to call customWidget's parent slot as well, but it also crashes the program. I followed what was on this question. What am I missing?

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• VS 2008 irritating copy constructor link dependency

  - by Paul Hollingsworth

  Hi guys, I've run into the following annoying and seemingly incorrect behaviour in the Visual Studio 2008 C++ compiler: Suppose I have a class library - Car.lib - that uses a "Car" class, with a header called "Car.h": class Car { public: void Drive() { Accelerate(); } void Accelerate(); }; What I'm actually trying to do is use the Car headers (for some other functions), but without having to link with Car.lib itself (the actual class is not called "Car" but I am sanitising this example). If I #include "Car.h" in the .cpp file used to build a managed C++ .dll, but never refer to Car, everything compiles and links fine. This is because I never instantiate a Car object. However, the following: namespace { class Car { public: Car(const Car& rhs) { Accelerate(); } void Accelerate(); }; } leaves me with the link error: Error 2 error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "public: void __thiscall `anonymous namespace'::Car::Accelerate(void)" (?Accelerate@Car@?A0xce3bb5ed@@$$FQAEXXZ) CREObjectWrapper.obj CREObjectBuilderWrapper Note I've declared the whole thing inside an anonymous namespace so there's no way that the Car functions could be exported from the .DLL in any case. Declaring the copy constructor out-of-line makes no difference. i.e. the following also fails to link: class Car { public: Car(const Car& rhs); void Accelerate(); }; Car::Car(const Car& rhs) { Accelerate(); } It's something specifically to do with the copy constructor note, because the following, for example, does link: class Car { public: Car() { Accelerate(); } void Accelerate(); }; I am not a C++ standards guru but this doesn't seem correct to me. Surely the compiler still should not have had to even generate any code that calls the Car copy constructor. Can anyone confirm if this behaviour is correct? It's been a while since I used C++ - but I don't think this used to be an issue with Visual Studio 6.0 for example. Can anyone suggest a workaround that allows one to "re-use" the Accelerate method from within the copy constructor and still have the copy constructor declared inline?

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• FASM vc MASM trasnlation problem in mov si, offset msg

  - by Ruben Trancoso

  hi folks, just did my first test with MASM and FASM with the same code (almos) and I falled in trouble. The only difference is that to produce just the 104 bytes I need to write to MBR in FASM I put org 7c00h and in MASM 0h. The problem is on the mov si, offset msg that in the first case transletes it to 44 7C (7c44h) and with masm translates to 44 00 (0044h)! but just when I change org 7c00h to org 0h in MASM. Otherwise it will produce the entire segment from 0 to 7dff. how do I solve it? or in short, how to make MASM produce a binary that begins at 7c00h as it first byte and subsequent jumps remain relative to 7c00h? .model TINY .code org 7c00h ; Boot entry point. Address 07c0:0000 on the computer memory xor ax, ax ; Zero out ax mov ds, ax ; Set data segment to base of RAM jmp start ; Jump to the first byte after DOS boot record data ; ---------------------------------------------------------------------- ; DOS boot record data ; ---------------------------------------------------------------------- brINT13Flag db 90h ; 0002h - 0EH for INT13 AH=42 READ brOEM db 'MSDOS5.0' ; 0003h - OEM name & DOS version (8 chars) brBPS dw 512 ; 000Bh - Bytes/sector brSPC db 1 ; 000Dh - Sectors/cluster brResCount dw 1 ; 000Eh - Reserved (boot) sectors brFATs db 2 ; 0010h - FAT copies brRootEntries dw 0E0h ; 0011h - Root directory entries brSectorCount dw 2880 ; 0013h - Sectors in volume, < 32MB brMedia db 240 ; 0015h - Media descriptor brSPF dw 9 ; 0016h - Sectors per FAT brSPH dw 18 ; 0018h - Sectors per track brHPC dw 2 ; 001Ah - Number of Heads brHidden dd 0 ; 001Ch - Hidden sectors brSectors dd 0 ; 0020h - Total number of sectors db 0 ; 0024h - Physical drive no. db 0 ; 0025h - Reserved (FAT32) db 29h ; 0026h - Extended boot record sig brSerialNum dd 404418EAh ; 0027h - Volume serial number (random) brLabel db 'OSAdventure' ; 002Bh - Volume label (11 chars) brFSID db 'FAT12 ' ; 0036h - File System ID (8 chars) ;------------------------------------------------------------------------ ; Boot code ; ---------------------------------------------------------------------- start: mov si, offset msg call showmsg hang: jmp hang msg db 'Loading...',0 showmsg: lodsb cmp al, 0 jz showmsgd push si mov bx, 0007 mov ah, 0eh int 10h pop si jmp showmsg showmsgd: retn ; ---------------------------------------------------------------------- ; Boot record signature ; ---------------------------------------------------------------------- dw 0AA55h ; Boot record signature END

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• Insertions into Zipper trees on XML files in Clojure

  - by ivar

  I'm confused as how to idiomatically change a xml tree accessed through clojure.contrib's zip-filter.xml. Should be trying to do this at all, or is there a better way? Say that I have some dummy xml file "itemdb.xml" like this: <itemlist> <item id="1"> <name>John</name> <desc>Works near here.</desc> </item> <item id="2"> <name>Sally</name> <desc>Owner of pet store.</desc> </item> </itemlist> And I have some code: (require '[clojure.zip :as zip] '[clojure.contrib.duck-streams :as ds] '[clojure.contrib.lazy-xml :as lxml] '[clojure.contrib.zip-filter.xml :as zf]) (def db (ref (zip/xml-zip (lxml/parse-trim (java.io.File. "itemdb.xml"))))) ;; Test that we can traverse and parse. (doall (map #(print (format "%10s: %s\n" (apply str (zf/xml-> % :name zf/text)) (apply str (zf/xml-> % :desc zf/text)))) (zf/xml-> @db :item))) ;; I assume something like this is needed to make the xml tags (defn create-item [name desc] {:tag :item :attrs {:id "3"} :contents (list {:tag :name :attrs {} :contents (list name)} {:tag :desc :attrs {} :contents (list desc)})}) (def fred-item (create-item "Fred" "Green-haired astrophysicist.")) ;; This disturbs the structure somehow (defn append-item [xmldb item] (zip/insert-right (-> xmldb zip/down zip/rightmost) item)) ;; I want to do something more like this (defn append-item2 [xmldb item] (zip/insert-right (zip/rightmost (zf/xml-> xmldb :item)) item)) (dosync (alter db append-item2 fred-item)) ;; Save this simple xml file with some added stuff. (ds/spit "appended-itemdb.xml" (with-out-str (lxml/emit (zip/root @db) :pad true))) I am unclear about how to use the clojure.zip functions appropriately in this case, and how that interacts with zip-filter. If you spot anything particularly weird in this small example, please point it out.

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• Putting update logic in your migrations

  - by Daniel Abrahamsson

  A couple of times I've been in the situation where I've wanted to refactor the design of some model and have ended up putting update logic in migrations. However, as far as I've understood, this is not good practice (especially since you are encouraged to use your schema file for deployment, and not your migrations). How do you deal with these kind of problems? To clearify what I mean, say I have a User model. Since I thought there would only be two kinds of users, namely a "normal" user and an administrator, I chose to use a simple boolean field telling whether the user was an adminstrator or not. However, after I while I figured I needed some third kind of user, perhaps a moderator or something similar. In this case I add a UserType model (and the corresponding migration), and a second migration for removing the "admin" flag from the user table. And here comes the problem. In the "add_user_type_to_users" migration I have to map the admin flag value to a user type. Additionally, in order to do this, the user types have to exist, meaning I can not use the seeds file, but rather create the user types in the migration (also considered bad practice). Here comes some fictional code representing the situation: class CreateUserTypes < ActiveRecord::Migration def self.up create_table :user_types do |t| t.string :name, :nil => false, :unique => true end #Create basic types (can not put in seed, because of future migration dependency) UserType.create!(:name => "BASIC") UserType.create!(:name => "MODERATOR") UserType.create!(:name => "ADMINISTRATOR") end def self.down drop_table :user_types end end class AddTypeIdToUsers < ActiveRecord::Migration def self.up add_column :users, :type_id, :integer #Determine type via the admin flag basic = UserType.find_by_name("BASIC") admin = UserType.find_by_name("ADMINISTRATOR") User.all.each {|u| u.update_attribute(:type_id, (u.admin?) ? admin.id : basic.id)} #Remove the admin flag remove_column :users, :admin #Add foreign key execute "alter table users add constraint fk_user_type_id foreign key (type_id) references user_types (id)" end def self.down #Re-add the admin flag add_column :users, :admin, :boolean, :default => false #Reset the admin flag (this is the problematic update code) admin = UserType.find_by_name("ADMINISTRATOR") execute "update users set admin=true where type_id=#{admin.id}" #Remove foreign key constraint execute "alter table users drop foreign key fk_user_type_id" #Drop the type_id column remove_column :users, :type_id end end As you can see there are two problematic parts. First the row creation part in the first model, which is necessary if I would like to run all migrations in a row, then the "update" part in the second migration that maps the "admin" column to the "type_id" column. Any advice?

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• Experienced developer trying to get outsourcing contract with current client.

  - by Mike

  I work for a major bank as a contract software developer. I've been there a few months, and without exception this place has the worst software practices I've ever seen. The software my team makes has no formal testing, terrible code (not reusable, hard to read, etc), minimal documentation, no defined development process and an absolutely sickening amount of waste due to bureaucratic overhead. Part of my contract is to maintain a group of thousands of very poorly written batch jobs. When one of the jobs fails (read: crashes), it's a developers job to look at the source, figure out what's wrong, fix it, and check it in. There is no quality assurance process or auditing of the results whatsoever. Once the developer says "it works" a manager signs off and it goes into production. What's disturbing is that these jobs essentially grab market data and put it into a third-party risk management system, which provides the bank with critical intelligence. I've discovered the disturbing truth that this has been happening since the 90s and nobody really has evidence the system is getting the correct data! Without going into details, an issue arose on Friday that was so horrible I actually stormed out of the place. I was ready to quit, but I decided to just get out to calm my nerves and possibly go back Monday. I've been reflecting today on how to handle this. I have realized that, in probably less than 6 months, I could (with 2 other developers) remake a large component of this system. The new system would provide them with, as primary benefits, a maintainable codebase less prone to error and a solid QA framework. To do it properly I would have to be outside the bank, the internal bureaucracy is just too much. And moreover, I think a bank is fundamentally not a place that can make good software. This is my plan. Write a report explaining in depth all the problems with their current system Explain why their software practices fail and generate a tremendous amount of error and waste. Use this as the basis for claiming the project must be developed externally. Write a high level development plan, including what resources I will require Hand 1,2,3 to my manager, hopefully he passes it up the chain. Worst case he fires me, but this isn't so bad. Convinced Executive decides to award my company a contract for the new system I have 8 years experience as a software contractor and have delivered my share of successful software products, but all working in-house for small/medium sized companies. When I read this over, I think I have a dynamite plan. But since this is the first time doing something this bold so I have my doubts. My question is, is this a good idea? If you think not, please spare no detail.

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• XPathNavigator in Silverlight

  - by vladimir

  I have a code library that makes heavy use of XPathNavigator to parse some specific xml document. The xml document is cross-referenced, meaning that an element can reference another which has not yet been encountered during parsing: <ElementA ...> <DependentElementX id="1234"> </ElementA> <ElementX id="1234" .../> The document doesn't really look like this, but the point is that 1) there is an xml schema that enforces the overall document structure, 2) elements inside the document can reference each other using some IDs, and 3) there is quite a few such cross references between different elements in the document. The document is parsed in two phases. In the first pass I walk through the document XPathDocument doc = ...; XPathNavigator nav = doc.CreateNavigator(); nav.MoveToRoot(); nav.MoveToFirstChild()... and occasionally 'bookmark' the current position (element) in the document using XPathNavigator.Clone() method. This gives me a lightweight instance of an XPathNavigator which I can store somewhere and use later to jump back to a particular place (element) in my document. Once I have enough information collected in the first pass (for example, I have made sure there is indeed an ElementX with an id='1234'), I jump back to saved bookmarks (using those saved XPathNavigators) and complete the parsing. Well, now I'm about to use this library in Silverlight 3.0 and to my horror the XPathNavigator is not in the System.Xml assembly. Questions: 1) Am I missing something obvious (i.e. XPathNavigator does exist in some shape or form, for example in a toolkit or a freeware library)? 2) If I do have to make modifications in the code, what would be the best way to go? Ideally, I would like to make minimal changes, not to rewrite 80% of the code just to be able to use something like XLinq. To resume, in case I have to give up XPathNavigator, all I need is a way to bookmark places in my document and to get back to them so that I can continue to iterate from where I left off. Thanks in advance for any help/ideas.

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• Xpath help. Get childnode with variable name

  - by Kim Andersen

  I have the following XML: <StatsContainer> <Variant1>0</Variant1> <Variant2>0.5</Variant2> <Variant3>1.2</Variant3> <Variant4>4.1</Variant4> <Variant5>93.9</Variant5> <Variant6>0.3</Variant6> <Variant7>0</Variant7> <Variant8>0</Variant8> <Variant9>0</Variant9> <Variant10>0</Variant10> <Variant11>0</Variant11> <Variant12>0</Variant12> <GlobalVariant1>4.6</GlobalVariant1> <GlobalVariant2>40.4</GlobalVariant2> <GlobalVariant3>13.8</GlobalVariant3> <GlobalVariant4>2.8</GlobalVariant4> <GlobalVariant5>35.6</GlobalVariant5> <GlobalVariant6>2.8</GlobalVariant6> <GlobalVariant7>0</GlobalVariant7> <GlobalVariant8>0</GlobalVariant8> <GlobalVariant9>0</GlobalVariant9> <GlobalVariant10>0</GlobalVariant10> <GlobalVariant11>0</GlobalVariant11> <GlobalVariant12>0</GlobalVariant12> <MosaicType>Boligtype</MosaicType> <OverRepresentedVariant>5</OverRepresentedVariant> </StatsContainer> As you can see I have a number in the "OverRepresentedVariant"-tag. This number can change from time to time. What i Need is to grab the "Variant"-tag with the right number. In the above case I need to get the value from the "Variant5"-tag (93.9). Tomorrow the "OverRepresentedVariant"-value might have changed to 3, this would mean that I should now grab the "Variant3"-value instead. So this is what I got. I have a variable called $btOver which contains the above XML. I also have a variable called $btId which contains the "OverRepresentedVariant"-value like this: <xsl:variable name="btId" select="$btOver/OverRepresentedVariant" /> So now I need some help finding the Variant-tags with the right ID. The tags that I need will always be named "Variant" followed by an id. So how can I get the right tag? Thanks a lot in advance folks. /Kim Andersen

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• realtime diagnostics

  - by Ion Todirel

  I have an application which has a loop, part of a "Scheduler", which runs at all time and is the heart of the application. Pretty much like a game loop, just that my application is a WPF application and it's not a game. Naturally the application does logging at many points, but the Scheduler does some sensitive monitoring, and sometimes it's impossible just from the logs to tell what may have gotten wrong (and by wrong I don't mean exceptions) or the current status. Because Scheduler's inner loop runs at short intervals, you can't do file I/O-based logging (or using the Event Viewer) in there. First, you need to watch it in real-time, and secondly the log file would grow in size very fast. So I was thinking of ways to show this data to the user in the realtime, some things I considered: Display the data in realtime in the UI Use AllocConsole/WriteConsole to display this information in a console Use a different console application which would display this information, communicate between the Scheduler and the console app using pipes or other IPC techniques Use Windows' Performance Monitor and somehow feed it with this information ETW Displaying in the UI would have its issues. First it doesn't integrate with the UI I had in mind for my application, and I don't want to complicate the UI just for this. This diagnostics would only happen rarely. Secondly, there is going to be some non-trivial data protection, as the Scheduler has it's own thread. A separate console window would work probably, but I'm still worried if it's not too much threshold. Allocating my own console, as this is a windows app, would probably be better than a different console application (3), as I don't need to worry about IPC communication, and non-blocking communication. However a user could close the console I allocated, and it would be problematic in that case. With a separate process you don't have to worry about it. Assuming there is an API for Performance Monitor, it wouldn't be integrated too well with my app or apparent to the users. Using ETW also doesn't solve anything, just a random idea, I still need to display this information somehow. What others think, would there be other ways I missed?

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• Strange behavior with Powershell scriptblock variable scope and modules, any suggestions?

  - by DanMan

  NOTE: I'm using PowerShell 2.0 on Windows Vista. I'm trying to add support for specifying build arguments to psake, but I've run into some strange PowerShell variable scoping behavior dealing specifically with calling functions that have been exported using Export-ModuleMember (which is how psake exposes it's main method). Following is a simple PowerShell module to illustrate (named repoCase.psm1): function Test { param( [Parameter(Position=0,Mandatory=0)] [scriptblock]$properties = {} ) $defaults = {$message = "Hello, world!"} Write-Host "Before running defaults, message is: $message" . $defaults #At this point, $message is correctly set to "Hellow, world!" Write-Host "Aftering running defaults, message is: $message" . $properties #At this point, I would expect $message to be set to whatever is passed in, #which in this case is "Hello from poperties!", but it isn't. Write-Host "Aftering running properties, message is: $message" } Export-ModuleMember -Function "Test" To test the module, run the following sequence of commands (be sure you're in the same directory as the repoCase.psm1): Import-Module .\repoCase.psm1 #Note that $message should be null Write-Host "Before execution - In global scope, message is: $message" Test -properties { "Executing properties, message is $message"; $message = "Hello from properties!"; } #Now $message is set to the value from the script block. The script block affected only the global scope. Write-Host "After execution - In global scope, message is: $message" Remove-Module repoCase The behavior I expected was for the script block I passed to Test to affect the local scope of Test. It is being 'dotsourced' in, so any changes it makes should be within the scope of the caller. However, that's not what's happening, it seems to be affecting the scope of where it was declared. Here's the output: Before execution - In global scope, message is: Before running defaults, message is: Aftering running defaults, message is: Hello, world! Executing properties, message is Aftering running properties, message is: Hello, world! After execution - In global scope, message is: Hello from properties! Interestingly, if I don't export Test as a module and instead just declare the function and invoke it, everything works just like I would expect it to. The script block affects only Test's scope, and does not modify the global scope. I'm not a PowerShell guru, but can someone explain this behavior to me?

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• How to pass ctor args in Activator.CreateInstance?

  - by thames

  I need a performance enhanced Activator.CreateInstance() and came across this article by Miron Abramson that uses a factory to create the instance in IL and then cache it. (I've included code below from Miron Abramson's site in case it somehow disappears). I'm new to IL Emit code and anything beyond Activator.CreateInstance() for instantiating a class and any help would be much appreciative. My problem is that I need to create an instance of an object that takes a ctor with a parameter. I see there is a way to pass in the Type of the parameter, but is there a way to pass in the value of the ctor parameter as well? If possible, I would like to use a method similar to CreateObjectFactory<T>(params object[] constructorParams) as some objects I want to instantiate may have more than 1 ctor param. // Source: http://mironabramson.com/blog/post/2008/08/Fast-version-of-the-ActivatorCreateInstance-method-using-IL.aspx public static class FastObjectFactory { private static readonly Hashtable creatorCache = Hashtable.Synchronized(new Hashtable()); private readonly static Type coType = typeof(CreateObject); public delegate object CreateObject(); /// /// Create an object that will used as a 'factory' to the specified type T /// public static CreateObject CreateObjectFactory() where T : class { Type t = typeof(T); FastObjectFactory.CreateObject c = creatorCache[t] as FastObjectFactory.CreateObject; if (c == null) { lock (creatorCache.SyncRoot) { c = creatorCache[t] as FastObjectFactory.CreateObject; if (c != null) { return c; } DynamicMethod dynMethod = new DynamicMethod("DM$OBJ_FACTORY_" + t.Name, typeof(object), null, t); ILGenerator ilGen = dynMethod.GetILGenerator(); ilGen.Emit(OpCodes.Newobj, t.GetConstructor(Type.EmptyTypes)); ilGen.Emit(OpCodes.Ret); c = (CreateObject)dynMethod.CreateDelegate(coType); creatorCache.Add(t, c); } } return c; } } Update to Miron's code from commentor on his post 2010-01-11 public static class FastObjectFactory2<T> where T : class, new() { public static Func<T> CreateObject { get; private set; } static FastObjectFactory2() { Type objType = typeof(T); var dynMethod = new DynamicMethod("DM$OBJ_FACTORY_" + objType.Name, objType, null, objType); ILGenerator ilGen = dynMethod.GetILGenerator(); ilGen.Emit(OpCodes.Newobj, objType.GetConstructor(Type.EmptyTypes)); ilGen.Emit(OpCodes.Ret); CreateObject = (Func<T>) dynMethod.CreateDelegate(typeof(Func<T>)); } }

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• Rails "NoMethodError" with sub-resources

  - by Tchock

  Hi. I'm a newbie Rails developer who is getting the following error when trying to access the 'new' action on my CityController: undefined method `cities_path' for #<#<Class:0x104608c18>:0x104606f08> Extracted source (around line #2): 1: <h1>New City</h1> 2: <%= form_for(@city) do |f| %> 3: <%= f.error_messages %> 4: 5: <div class="field"> As some background, I have a State model with many Cities. I'm getting this error after clicking on the following link coming from a State show page: <p>Add a city: <%= link_to "Add city", new_state_city_path(@state) %></p> When I run 'rake:routes' it says this is a legit route... For more background, here is the CityController 'new' action: def new @city = City.new respond_to do |format| format.html # new.html.erb format.xml { render :xml => @city } end end Here is the (complete) form in the view: <%= form_for(@city) do |f| %> <%= f.error_messages %> <div class="field"> <%= f.label :name %><br /> <%= f.text_field :name %> </div> <div class="actions"> <%= f.submit %> </div> <% end %> This initially made me think that it's a resources/routes issue since it came back with a mention of 'cities_path' (in fact, that's what another person posting to Stack Overflow had wrong (http://stackoverflow.com/questions/845315/rails-error-nomethoderror-my-first-ruby-app). However, that doesn't seem to be the case from what I can see. Here are how my resources look in my routes file: resources :states do resources :cities end I can get it working when they are not sub-resources, but I really need to keep them as sub-resources for my future plans with the app. Any help would be very much appreciated, since I've been racking my brains on this for more hours than I would care to admit... Thanks! (Not sure this matters at all, but I'm running the very latest version of Rails 3 beta2).

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• Reading Source Code Aloud

  - by Jon Purdy

  After seeing this question, I got to thinking about the various challenges that blind programmers face, and how some of them are applicable even to sighted programmers. Particularly, the problem of reading source code aloud gives me pause. I have been programming for most of my life, and I frequently tutor fellow students in programming, most often in C++ or Java. It is uniquely aggravating to try to verbally convey the essential syntax of a C++ expression. The speaker must give either an idiomatic translation into English, or a full specification of the code in verbal longhand, using explicit yet slow terms such as "opening parenthesis", "bitwise and", et cetera. Neither of these solutions is optimal. On the one hand, an idiomatic translation is only useful to a programmer who can de-translate back into the relevant programming code—which is not usually the case when tutoring a student. In turn, education (or simply getting someone up to speed on a project) is the most common situation in which source is read aloud, and there is a very small margin for error. On the other hand, a literal specification is aggravatingly slow. It takes far far longer to say "pound, include, left angle bracket, iostream, right angle bracket, newline" than it does to simply type #include <iostream>. Indeed, most experienced C++ programmers would read this merely as "include iostream", but again, inexperienced programmers abound and literal specifications are sometimes necessary. So I've had an idea for a potential solution to this problem. In C++, there is a finite set of keywords—63—and operators—54, discounting named operators and treating compound assignment operators and prefix versus postfix auto-increment and decrement as distinct. There are just a few types of literal, a similar number of grouping symbols, and the semicolon. Unless I'm utterly mistaken, that's about it. So would it not then be feasible to simply ascribe a concise, unique pronunciation to each of these distinct concepts (including one for whitespace, where it is required) and go from there? Programming languages are far more regular than natural languages, so the pronunciation could be standardised. Speakers of any language would be able to verbally convey C++ code, and due to the regularity and fixity of the language, speech-to-text software could be optimised to accept C++ speech with a high degree of accuracy. So my question is twofold: first, is my solution feasible; and second, does anyone else have other potential solutions? I intend to take suggestions from here and use them to produce a formal paper with an example implementation of my solution.

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