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  • Linux using the link command

    - by Xavier
    Here it goes. I have a folder that contains a not so large amount of space called /data/backup but I have been told that if I link that folder (/data/backup) to an even bigger folder area like /bigdata/backup for example, that I will be able to execute backups to the /data/backup folder because it will be just a link but the data will be seen in both folders and the latter one (/bigdata/backup) will contain the backup results but it will show on both folders and since the /bigdata/backup has far more disk space then the backup will no longer fail because of space problems in the /data/backup one. Is this true? Thanks Xav

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  • Custom layout/group switching keys in Linux

    - by abyx
    I'm using Ubuntu (Karmic) and 2 keyboard layouts. Using the gnome settings, I managed to set it to switch with Alt+Shift (windows style), but I really want to limit it to Right Alt + Right Shift, but that option isn't available in the gnome wizard. I've opened gconf-editor and found the kbd configuration, but trying to add 'r' or 'right_' prefixes to the keys didn't help. Is this possible?

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  • linux shell utils: convert a list of hex to list of decimals

    - by osgx
    Hello How can I convert a file with a lot hex numbers into the decimal? Example: file1 0x59999 0x5acdc 0xffeff I want to start $ cat file1 | util | cat file2 and get file2 with smth like 1021489 1249230 3458080 (numbers in example output are random, as I cant convert so long hex to dec) Upd: perl : perl -pe '$_=hex;$_.="\n"'. Can anybody do it better? The real task is a sorting of hex numbers.

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  • Adding local users / passwords on Kerberized Linux box

    - by Brian
    Right now if I try to add a non-system user not in the university's Kerberos realm I am prompted for a Kerberos password anyway. Obviously there is no password to be entered, so I just press enter and see: passwd: Authentication token manipulation error passwd: password unchanged Typing passwd newuser has the same issue with the same message. I tried using pwconv in the hopes that only a shadow entry was needed, but it changed nothing. I want to be able to add a local user not in the realm and give them a local password without being bothered about Kerberos. I am on Ubuntu 10.04. Here are my /etc/pam.d/common-* files (the defaults that Ubuntu's pam-auth-update package generates): account # here are the per-package modules (the "Primary" block) account [success=1 new_authtok_reqd=done default=ignore] pam_unix.so # here's the fallback if no module succeeds account requisite pam_deny.so # prime the stack with a positive return value if there isn't one already; # this avoids us returning an error just because nothing sets a success code # since the modules above will each just jump around account required pam_permit.so # and here are more per-package modules (the "Additional" block) account required pam_krb5.so minimum_uid=1000 # end of pam-auth-update config auth # here are the per-package modules (the "Primary" block) auth [success=2 default=ignore] pam_krb5.so minimum_uid=1000 auth [success=1 default=ignore] pam_unix.so nullok_secure try_first_pass # here's the fallback if no module succeeds auth requisite pam_deny.so # prime the stack with a positive return value if there isn't one already; # this avoids us returning an error just because nothing sets a success code # since the modules above will each just jump around auth required pam_permit.so # and here are more per-package modules (the "Additional" block) # end of pam-auth-update config password # here are the per-package modules (the "Primary" block) password requisite pam_krb5.so minimum_uid=1000 password [success=1 default=ignore] pam_unix.so obscure use_authtok try_first_pass sha512 # here's the fallback if no module succeeds password requisite pam_deny.so # prime the stack with a positive return value if there isn't one already; # this avoids us returning an error just because nothing sets a success code # since the modules above will each just jump around password required pam_permit.so # and here are more per-package modules (the "Additional" block) # end of pam-auth-update config session # here are the per-package modules (the "Primary" block) session [default=1] pam_permit.so # here's the fallback if no module succeeds session requisite pam_deny.so # prime the stack with a positive return value if there isn't one already; # this avoids us returning an error just because nothing sets a success code # since the modules above will each just jump around session required pam_permit.so # and here are more per-package modules (the "Additional" block) session optional pam_krb5.so minimum_uid=1000 session required pam_unix.so # end of pam-auth-update config

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  • High Load average threshold in linux

    - by user2481010
    My one of friend said that his server load average sometime goes above 500-1000, for me it is strange value because I never saw load average more than 10. I asked him give me some snapshot of top and memory usages, he gave following details: TOP USAGES top - 06:06:03 up 117 days, 23:02, 2 users, load average: 147.37, 44.57, 15.95 Tasks: 116 total, 2 running, 113 sleeping, 0 stopped, 1 zombie Cpu(s): 16.6%us, 6.9%sy, 0.0%ni, 9.2%id, 66.5%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.8%si, 0.0%st Mem: 8161648k total, 7779528k used, 382120k free, 3296k buffers Swap: 5242872k total, 1293072k used, 3949800k free, 168660k cached Free $ free -gt total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 7 6 1 0 0 4 -/+ buffers/cache: 1 5 Swap: 4 0 4 Total: 12 6 6 Total cpu $ nproc 8 my question is it possible load average more than 100 on 8 core,12 GB mem Server? because I read many tutorial,article on load average, it said that thumb rule is "number of cores = max load" according to thumb rule here is max load average 16 then how his server running with 147.37 load server? he said that it is least value (147.37) some time goes more than 500.

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  • Prevent Linux from processing incoming ICMP Host unreachable packets

    - by bbc
    I have a test setup with one host on a network (10.1.0.0/16) talking via TCP to another one on another network (10.2.0.0/16) and a gateway in the middle. Sometimes, the TCP connection is lost and while scanning the trace (pcap), I looks like it's because of just one ICMP Host unreachable message sent by the gateway to 10.1.0.1 at some point. 10.1.0.1 then sends a TCP RST to 10.2.0.1. In my opinion, the gateway (pfSense) is broken or not configured correctly but anyway, for testing purposes, I'd like to block this kind of ICMP on the host (10.1.0.1) before it has an influence on my TCP connection (or does it? I'm not even sure). I've tried iptables: iptables -I INPUT -i eth0 -p icmp --icmp-type host-unreachable -j DROP but while it does a good job at preventing userpace applications like ping from receiving these ICMP messages, my TCP connection still comes to an end when the alleged "killer ICMP packet" is sent by the gateway. Am I right about how it is processed? If yes, then what can I do to achieve my goal?

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  • /dev/shm (shared memory) on linux

    - by Kirzilla
    Hello, Let's imagine that we have 8Gb of RAM on server. I'm mounting /dev/shm with 4Gb on board. mount -o remount,size=4G /dev/shm Will this memory be strictly reserved for shared memory or if /dev/shm is empty this memory could be used by regular applications (web server, php etc.)? PS:Sorry for my English. I'm asking it because I've just checked df -h and found tmpfs 6.0G 0 6.0G 0% /dev/shm on 8Gb RAM sever. I don't know who made this setup, but it seems to me awful. Thank you!

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  • Hosts file in Apache keep changing for OS Linux Redhat [on hold]

    - by jack f
    I have installed Apache server. Two clients ex client_1 and client_2. The operation that we are performing on client_1 reflecting to client_2. We have etc/hosts file in our software install location which is keep on changing for client_2 with client_1 IP address. If I correct the entries in hosts file to client_2 also in the next few minuets it is changing automatically to the client_1(if we start the client_1 service). Please explain the use of hosts file and where and when it will change by Apache service. The hosts file in the location /etc/hosts/ for the both clients are same ============================================= Do not remove the following line, or various programs that require network functionality will fail. 127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost Local LAN 190.0.0.1 client_1.Example.com client_1 190.0.0.2 client_2.Example.com client_2 HR LAN 10.1.74.2 client_1hr peer 10.1.74.3 client_2hr ESP LAN 10.69.69.1 client_1esp 10.69.69.2 client_2esp Any help will be appreciated. Thanks in advance, Jack F

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  • Linux released memory

    - by user59088
    If My process allocates some big memory and then deallocates, would top or gnome-system-monitor show that my memory usage of that process decreased ? or kernel will still reserve that memory for that process ? What I see is I am deallocating memory. But I still see gnome-system-monitor displaying growing memory for my program. I don't find memory leak in my end. I want to know whether its not displaying released memory ? or there is really a memory leak at my end ?

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  • Monitor Windows Terminal Sessions from Linux/Mac

    - by mhd
    I'm writing some scripts to make remote connections to a Windows 2003 server a bit more user-friendly, and in doing this I want to see who's logged in already. In Windows, I could use qwinsta.exe to do this, even for remote servers. So it is exposed somehow, but I couldn't find a matching command line tool for Unix. Lacking such a tool, I could install an ssh server on the machine and call it remotely, parsing the output or write a small service of my own that would expose this via http, if I don't want full-blown ssh access. Do I have to do this, or is there already a tool for querying terminal services remotely?

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  • ATI driver in Fedora linux 11

    - by unknown (google)
    I recently built a pc with an ATI Radeon HD 5750. I have installed Fedora 11 and installed the device driver for the Radeon 5700 series proprietary drivers. I wanted to see if there is graphics hardware acceleration. I typed in glxinfo at the terminal and I got: X Error of failed request: BadRequest (invalid request code or no such operation) Major opcode of failed request: 135 (GLX) Minor opcode of failed request: 19 (X_GLXQueryServerString) Serial number of failed request: 14 Current serial number in output stream: 14 I don't know how to fix this. I tried to go to the ATI Catalyst Control Center; that worked, but the ATI Catalyst Control Center (Administrator) doesn't work. If anyone knows how to fix this problem then please let me know. Thanks

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  • GNU/Linux: Open programm in Konsole / Term

    - by Fernando
    How can you run an application directly inside a Konsole (KDE) or Terminal (GNOME)? I'm particularly interested in having a shortcut to Emacs: emacs -nw Being in KDE, that would open a Konsole and run Emacs (no-windows), and GNOME would run it inside a Terminal. I guess Konsole should have a parameter in which you can ask it to run, and open a certain program/script. Does anybody know how to do this? Thanks!

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  • Linux: how to verify my network configuration before doing a restart

    - by wael34218
    I am trying to build a network bridge for my VMs on a server. So I added a new file and changed another in the /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts directory. Then I did a network reboot with the following command:/etc/init.d/network restart After that the server was not up again. I contacted the hosting provider's support for help. I need a way to verify my new configuration before a network restart. I need to make sure that it will be up again, just like apache's /etc/init.d/httpd configtest

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  • Linux: Tool to monitor every process, execute-command, shortly, monitor what's happening at the moment

    - by Bevor
    Hello, due to a freeze problem of my Ubuntu 10.10 (it is not isolatable) I though about logging every executable of the kernel somehow in any file to see what happens last when a freeze occures the next time to not lose valuable information. I found acct but this is obviously not what I'm looking for. Actually it logs just user commands and those things. I need something which logs in a much "deeper" level. The best would be some kind of script which records every interrupt. Does anybody know some tool like that?

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  • Linux foxboard network monitor

    - by het.oosten
    I want to use a Foxboard a simple network monitor for multiple routers (all routers are connected to the internet). Foxboard is a mini pc with an embedded version of Debian. My idea is to use multiple virtual network devices like this: eth0 192.168.2.10 eth0:1 192.168.3.10 eth0:2 192.168.4.10 I found a nice Python script to ping an external host here (the solution from Ryan Cox): http://stackoverflow.com/questions/316866/ping-a-site-in-python Is it possible to configure Debian to use eth0 when I ping www.site-a.com and eth0:1 when I ping www.site-b.com?

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  • Building modules with linux kernel for custom flavor

    - by Chandan Apsangi
    I followed the instructions given in the link: http://blog.avirtualhome.com/how-to-compile-a-new-ubuntu-11-04-natty-kernel/ for building a custom kernel and booting it. Everything works fine, except that when building it, I used the option skipmodule=true (as given in this link), so I guess the modules are not built for this kernel. I'm saying this because after I installed the image (using dpkg -i), when I run 'ls -l' in the /lib/modules/2.6.38-11-i5 folder, all the files/folders except the 'kernel' folder have got updated (Btw, I had built it last time and it had worked fine,this is an update on the same kernel source). So is there some option/command that I missed that exports the modules as well? Thanks for your help.

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  • Linux Log Viewer with Web interface

    - by user180039
    I have been asked at work to find a solution to one of our problems. We have several logs that customers need access to, because we don't want to give them direct access to the folder/share we are looking to implement a simple Web based solution that permits customers to login see a list of files they have permissions to and download the file. It would need to be able to setup permissions so User01 can see file01 and file03 and User02 can see file04 and file06, optimally all the files would be under the same folder, so permissions are based on files rather then based on folders. Anyone got any ideas Many Thanks

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  • Ping reply not getting to LAN machines but getting in Linux router Gateway

    - by Kevin Parker
    I have configured Ubuntu 12.04 as Gateway machine.its having two interfaces eth0 with ip 192.168.122.39(Static) and eth1 connected to modem with ip address 192.168.2.3(through DHCP). ip-forwarding is enabled in router box. Client machine is configured as: ip address 192.168.122.5 and gateway 192.168.122.39 Client machines can ping router box(192.168.122.39).but when pinged 8.8.8.8 reply is not reaching Client machines but in the tcpdump output on gateway i can see echo request for 8.8.8.8 but never echo reply.Is this because of 122.5 not forwarding request to 2.0 network.Can u please help me in fixing this.

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  • Linux- passwordless ssh from system (root) script

    - by redmoskito
    What's the easiest way to have a system script (running as root) execute remote commands over ssh? I've written some scripts that execute commands remotely via ssh, and they work great when I run them as myself, as I've set up ssh-agent and keys for passwordless login. I'd like to call these when my laptop docks and undocks. I've been successful at running arbitrary scripts when docking/undocking, but since the ACPI event scripts run as root, trying to run my ssh script fails during authentication. I tried using sudo with the -u and -i flags to simulate running the script as my user, e.g.: sudo -u redmoskito -i /home/redmoskito/bin/remote_command which successfully finds my private key and tries to use it, but the ssh-agent credentials are still missing, so it still needs my passphrase.

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  • Load-balanced Linux server across internet?

    - by LinuxGnut
    I'm investigating setting up a load balanced server solution consisting of three CentOS 5.4 boxes. Two of these boxes will reside in one facility, while a third will reside in a different facility. I'm currently working to set up heartbeat, ldirectord, ipvsadm to load-balance the machines, but I'm not sure its going to work with I'm not overly familiar with the details behind how all of these work, but is the load balancing going to work correctly when these servers are not all on the same LAN? I'm not sure if heartbeat is using SNMP to send signals or not, which would only work over a LAN. Has anyone tried this or found a different solution?

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  • Linux data storage and partitioning

    - by Rajeev
    In the following output of df -h you can see that i have added a new hard drive(/dev/hdd1) and have mounted as /hdd1. My question is if I start dumping data to /opt will that data be mounted in /hdd1 or / My goal is to utilise the new hdd1 instead of old disk(/dev/sda3). How can this be done? Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda3 442G 312G 12G 86% / tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 194M 57M 128M 31% /boot /dev/sdb1 1.7T 201M 2.6T 1% /hdd1

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  • Linux live cd with Broadcom Wi-fi support

    - by paul simmons
    I am looking for a live distro that has out of the box Broadcom wireless support. I am pretty happy with my Ubuntu installation and as long as I have an ethernet connection first time installed, I can install Broadcom drivers over internet. But being a little paranoid, I make my secure operations (banking etc.) with a live cd and zero hard disk access, so nothing is recorded. So far I plug ethernet to do such things with the live cd, but it would be nice if I can do same thing with wireless.

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  • Linux find/search root partition ONLY?

    - by ~sd-imi
    Say I need to do: find / -name somefile.txt and say root partition / is mounted on /dev/sda5; however, let's say I also have 250GB partitions (/dev/sda6, /dev/sda7) mounted in /media - AND another location that I cannot currently remember. Say, also, that I know the file I'm looking for is on /dev/sda5. Obviously, the above command will also descend in /media and that other directory which represent the big partitions, wasting time in looking for the file in the wrong place. Is there a way to instruct find (or other command) to search only / on /dev/sda5, and NOT to descend to directories if they are on different partitions ? Thanks, Cheers!

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