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• ZFS: Mirror vs. RAID-Z

  - by John Clayton

  I'm planning on building a file server using OpenSolaris and ZFS that will provide two primary services - be an iSCSI target for XenServer virtual machines & be a general home file server. The hardware I'm looking at includes 2x 4-port SATA controllers, 2x small boot drives (one on each controller), and 4x big drives for storage. This allows one free port per controller for upgrading the array down the road. Where I'm a little confused is how to setup the storage drives. For performance, mirroring appears to be king. I'm having a hard time seeing what the benefit would be of using RAIDZ over mirroring would be. With this setup I can see two options - two mirrored pools in one stripe, or RAIDZ2. Both should protect against 2 drive failures, and/or one controller failure...the only benefit of RAIDZ2 would be that any 2 drives could fail. The storage should be 50% of capacity in both cases, but the first should have much better performance, right? The other thing I'm trying to wrap my mind around is the benefit of mirrored arrays with more than two devices. For data integrity what, if any, would be the benefit of a RAIDZ over a three-way mirror? Since ZFS maintains file integrity what does RAIDZ bring to the table...doesn't ZFS's integrity checks negate the value of RAIDZ's parity?

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• Default route not on LAN

  - by jarmund

  I have a network that in principle looks like this: H1---\ /----Inet1 H2---->---GW1---< H3---/ \----GW2-----Inet2 H1 and H2 = Hosts that need access to internet with GW1 Inet1 = Internet link over 3G connection Inet2 = 5GHz link to Internet (not always up) GW1 = Works as a router, automatically picking the "best" connection between Inet1 and Inet2 (the latter via GW2). GW2 = 5GHz wifi router And here's the problem: H3 only needs internet access when Inet2 is up. What i was thinking of doing was a routing table that looks like this: route to GW2 via GW1 default route is via GW2 I first set the route to GW2 via GW1 without a problem. But when i try route add default gw 1.2.3.4 (1.2.3.4 being the IP of GW2), it complains "SIOCADDRT: No such device" Is the problem that the default gw i'm trying to set is not reachable directly? Is there a different approach that would allow me to achieve this? An alternative (and hypothetical) approach: Since H3 will be using a static IP, is it possible to do some magic with iptables on GW1 to forward any packets from H3 to GW3, thereby "tricking" H3 into using GW2 as its default router?

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• InterVLAN routing on a HP V1910 series switch

  - by tintix

  Recently bought a HP V1910-16G switch (former 3com 29??) with IPv4 routing capabilities. After unpacking I did a firmware upgrade to the latest 5.20 Release 1513P06. I did set up additional VLANs (#2 and #3) and VLAN interfaces for those. The problem is that connected PCs on different VLAN's can't ping each other. Looks like VLAN routing doesn't even work. So here's my setup: VLAN ID VLAN interface 1 10.0.0.21/24 2 10.0.5.1/24 3 10.0.6.1/24 Have one PC connected to VLAN 2 (IP address 10.0.5.2, default gateway 10.0.5.1) and a second PC connected to VLAN 3 (IP address 10.0.6.2, default gateway 10.0.6.1) Routing table: Destination IP Mask Next Hop 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.0.0.1 10.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.0.21 10.0.0.21 255.255.255.255 127.0.0.1 10.0.5.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.5.1 10.0.5.1 255.255.255.255 127.0.0.1 10.0.6.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.6.1 10.0.6.1 255.255.255.255 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 255.255.255.255 127.0.0.1 The first PC can't ping the second PC one and vice versa. They only can ping their own gateways and that's all. What I'm doing wrong?

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• How can I explain to dspam that the user "brandon" is the same as "brandon@mydomain"

  - by Brandon Craig Rhodes

  I am using dspam for spam filtering by running the "dspamd" daemon under Ubuntu 9.10 and then setting up a Postfix rule that says: smtpd_recipient_restrictions = ... check_client_access pcre:/etc/postfix/dspam_everything ... where that PCRE map looks like this: /./ FILTER lmtp:[127.0.0.1]:11124 This works well, and means that all users on my system get all of their email, whether "dspam" thinks it is innocent or not, and have the option of filtering on its decisions or ignoring them. The problem comes when I want to train dspam using my email archives. After reading about the "dspam" command, I tried this on the files in my Inbox and spam boxes (which date from when I was using another filtering solution): for file in Mail/Inbox/*; do cat $file | dspam --class=innocent --source=corpus; done for file in Mail/spam/*; do cat $file | dspam --class=spam --source=corpus; done The symptom I noticed after doing all of this was that dspam was horrible at classifying spam — it couldn't find any! The problem, when I tracked it down, was that I was training the user "brandon" with the above commands, but the incoming email was instead compared against the username "brandon@mydomain", so it was running against a completely empty training database! So, what can I do to make the above commands actually train my fully-qualified email address rather than my bare username? I would like to avoid having to run "dspam" as root with a "--user" option. I would have expected that the "dspam" configuration files would have had an "append_domain" attribute or something with which to decorate local usernames with an appropriate email domain, but I can't find any such thing. When I used to use the Berkeley DB backend to "dspam", I solved this problem by creating a symlink from one of the databases to the other. :-) But that solution eventually died because the BDB backend is not thread-safe, so now I have moved to the PostgreSQL back-end and need a way to solve the problem there. And, no, the table where it keeps usernames has a UNIQUE constraint that prevents me from listing both usernames as mapping to the same ID. :-)

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• How to create an MST for silent install using Orca?

  - by Sanarothe

  Hi. I'm trying to deploy 7zip via GPO; I assigned the original MSI, but the package installation simply doesn't take place. What I've gathered is that I need to create an MST. In the spirit of trying to learn as much as possible about it, I've opted to use Orca rather than a third-party automagic tool, but I'm at a loss as to which fields to edit. So far the only change that I've made is to give the license accepted checkbox a value of "1" instead of pointing to another key that, still, just gave it a value of "1." So, to give this some structure, How does (Or what criteria should I consider) creating a MST make the install noninteractive/silent? Do you have to manually reconfigure the MSI to simply not perform the GUI aspects? Or do I have to execute the program in silent mode after defining the variables the the installer requests? (Though, of course, it seems that would defeat the purpose of the MST) How do I determine which fields I need to edit? I've loaded the installer and it takes three inputs: License acceptance, feature set and installation location. I want all of the default values: I'm just trying to deploy it at all, not customize the installation. I BELIEVE that I should be messing with some values in the Registry table, but I really don't know. If I'm not asking the right questions, can someone point me to a THOROUGH resource or documentation for this process? I've already gone over the technet articles on basic Orca use and deployment, but I couldn't really find anything on creating MST that didn't involve a third party program in which one runs a 'dummy' installer to get the before and after snapshots. Thank you very much, Cameron UPDATE: After spending the day troubleshooting, I finally got my server to send out 7zip, but not until I had also assigned firefox. Not sure why it didn't want to send out 7zip by itself, but I also had some domain naming problems. Thanks for the input (GPResult helped enormously.)

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• need to stop mysql server on my mac os x

  - by al0ne evenings

  I just installed xampp on my mac os x. When I tried start mysql it display a message that mysql is already running on this computer. In order to start mysql stop first mysql. I tried following ways to stop it but neither of them works. mysqladmin version sudo /usr/local/mysql/mysql.server stop //mysql.server command not found mysqladmin -u root -p password shutdown //restarts the server but not shutdown when i use which mysql command it shows this path /usr/local/bin/mysql and when I issue ps aux | grep mysqld command I get following output zafarsaleem 85209 0.0 0.3 2699804 13204 ?? S 7:51AM 0:00.88 /Applications/MAMP/Library/bin/mysqld --basedir=/Applications/MAMP/Library --datadir=/Applications/MAMP/db/mysql --plugin-dir=/Applications/MAMP/Library/lib/plugin --lower-case-table-names=0 --log-error=/Applications/MAMP/logs/mysql_error_log.err --pid-file=/Applications/MAMP/tmp/mysql/mysql.pid --socket=/Applications/MAMP/tmp/mysql/mysql.sock --port=8889 zafarsaleem 85093 0.0 0.0 2435488 924 ?? S 7:51AM 0:00.03 /bin/sh /Applications/MAMP/Library/bin/mysqld_safe --port=8889 --socket=/Applications/MAMP/tmp/mysql/mysql.sock --lower_case_table_names=0 --pid-file=/Applications/MAMP/tmp/mysql/mysql.pid --log-error=/Applications/MAMP/logs/mysql_error_log zafarsaleem 86693 0.0 0.0 2425480 180 s004 R+ 8:30AM 0:00.00 grep mysqld zafarsaleem 86507 0.0 0.3 2678756 11364 ?? S 8:07AM 0:00.63 /usr/local/Cellar/mysql/5.5.20/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/Cellar/mysql/5.5.20 --datadir=/usr/local/var/mysql --plugin-dir=/usr/local/Cellar/mysql/5.5.20/lib/plugin --max-allowed-packet=32M --log-error=/usr/local/var/mysql/Zafars-MacBook-Pro-2.local.err --pid-file=/usr/local/var/mysql/Zafars-MacBook-Pro-2.local.pid zafarsaleem 86447 0.0 0.0 2435488 920 ?? S 8:07AM 0:00.02 /bin/sh /usr/local/bin/mysqld_safe --max_allowed_packet=32M Please help. How can I resolve this issue.

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• Fedora 17 - Dropping into debug shell after attempted partitioning

  - by i.h4d35

  So I tried creating a new partition on Fedora 17 using fdisk as follows: Command (m for help): n Command action e extended p primary partition (1-4) p Partition number (1-4): 1 First cylinder (2048-823215039, default 2048): Using default value 2048 Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-9039, default 9039): +15G Once this was done,instead of formatting the partition I created, I ran the partprobe command to write the changes to the partition table. On rebooting the computer, it drops to the debug shell and gives me the error as follows: dracut warning:unable to process initqueue dracut warning:/dev/disk/by-uuid/vg_mymachine does not exist dropping to debug shell dracut:/# While trying to run fsck on the said partition from the debug shell, it says "etc/fstab not found" and inside /etc I see a fstab.empty file. Is it now possible to retrieve what I have from the computer? Any help would be appreciated. Thanks in advance Edit: I've also tried the following steps for additional troubleshooting: I tried to boot using the Fedora disk and tried the rescue mode - says no Linux partition detected. I tried to create an fstab file by combining the entries from blkid and the /etc/mtab file and using the UUIDs from the mtab file - It didn't work. As soon as I rebooted the machine, it promptly dropped me in to the debug shell and the fstab file which i created wansn't there anymore in /etc (part of this solution)

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• Add Route for machine in same DC

  - by gary

  My routing table on my machine with IP of 46.84.121.243 currently looks like this - Network Destination Netmask Gateway Interface Metric 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 46.84.121.225 46.84.121.243 21 46.84.121.224 255.255.255.224 On-link 46.84.121.243 276 46.84.121.239 255.255.255.255 On-link 46.84.121.243 21 46.84.121.243 255.255.255.255 On-link 46.84.121.243 276 46.84.121.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 46.84.121.243 276 I'm trying to access 46.84.121.239, which is my other machine in the same DC but my guess is the first rule is blocking it as it is trying to go via the gateway and failing - Tracing route to [46.84.121.239] over a maximum of 30 hops: 1 OWNEROR-9O83HBL [46.84.121.243] reports: Destination host unreachable. Trace complete. I'm doing all this via RDP and already tried changing the metric on the persistent rule with devastating consequences! Here's the persistent rule (working) - Persistent Routes: Network Address Netmask Gateway Address Metric 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 46.84.121.225 1 Any help to be able to access the 46.84.121.243 would be very helpful thanks very much.

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• Apache is sending php files to my browser instead of parsing

  - by justen doherty

  I have to set up PHP on an existing web host. I have made a virtual host entry, but for some reason Apache is sending the PHP to the browser instead of parsing.. from googling around it looks like it's a problem with the mimetypes, but I'm not an Apache expert by any means, so if anyone could help it would be appreciated... I have the following in my httpd.conf: AddHandler php5-script php DirectoryIndex index.html index.phtml index.php index.phps AddType application/x-httpd-php .phtml AddType application/x-httpd-php .php AddType application/x-httpd-php-source .phps The PHP module is loaded into Apache: /usr/sbin/apachectl -M Loaded Modules: core_module (static) mpm_prefork_module (static) http_module (static) so_module (static) auth_basic_module (shared) auth_digest_module (shared) authn_file_module (shared) authn_alias_module (shared) authn_anon_module (shared) authn_dbm_module (shared) authn_default_module (shared) authz_host_module (shared) authz_user_module (shared) authz_owner_module (shared) authz_groupfile_module (shared) authz_dbm_module (shared) authz_default_module (shared) ldap_module (shared) authnz_ldap_module (shared) include_module (shared) log_config_module (shared) logio_module (shared) env_module (shared) ext_filter_module (shared) mime_magic_module (shared) expires_module (shared) deflate_module (shared) headers_module (shared) usertrack_module (shared) setenvif_module (shared) mime_module (shared) dav_module (shared) status_module (shared) autoindex_module (shared) info_module (shared) dav_fs_module (shared) vhost_alias_module (shared) negotiation_module (shared) dir_module (shared) actions_module (shared) speling_module (shared) userdir_module (shared) alias_module (shared) rewrite_module (shared) proxy_module (shared) proxy_balancer_module (shared) proxy_ftp_module (shared) proxy_http_module (shared) proxy_connect_module (shared) cache_module (shared) suexec_module (shared) disk_cache_module (shared) file_cache_module (shared) mem_cache_module (shared) cgi_module (shared) version_module (shared) fcgid_module (shared) perl_module (shared) php5_module (shared) proxy_ajp_module (shared) ssl_module (shared) And this is my virtual host entry: <VirtualHost 10.16.140.113:80> ServerName viridor-cms.co.uk ServerAlias www.viridor-cms.co.uk UseCanonicalName Off DocumentRoot /var/www/vhosts/viridor-cms.co.uk/httpdocs CustomLog /var/www/vhosts/viridor-cms.co.uk/cms-access_log common ErrorLog /var/www/vhosts/viridor-cms.co.uk/cms-error_log DirectoryIndex index.php index.html <IfModule sapi_apache2.c> php_admin_flag engine on php_admin_flag safe_mode on </IfModule> <IfModule mod_php5.c> php_admin_flag engine on php_admin_flag safe_mode on </IfModule> AddType application/x-httpd-php .php AddType application/x-httpd-php-source .phps </VirtualHost> Please help, my head is so sore from banging it against the table and the wall!

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• multiple ip for a server not reachable

  - by andrewk

  FYI: I've read everything on Serverfault related to this question and have faced a different issue. Simply put, I've got one server (apache2) with couple of sites on it. It currently has 1 ip. I'm trying to assign/add another ip to that server, so I can give each site a different ip for ssl purposes. I am not lucking out. The new ip simply is unreachable, I've pinged it. This is what I've got below, what am I doing wrong. auto lo iface lo inet loopback auto eth0 eth0:0 eth0:1 iface eth0 inet static address 70.116.5.244 netmask 255.255.255.0 gateway 70.116.5.1 #THE NEW IP iface eth0:0 inet static address 26.175.217.102 netmask 255.255.255.0 #PRIVATE IP iface eth0:1 inet static address 192.168.158.88 netmask 255.255.128.0 NOTE: THESE IP'S ARE TWEAKED BUT RELATIVE I've read many questions here 90% similar to this but most actually have the IP respond, not this case. Thanks netstar -r output Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags MSS Window irtt Iface default gw-u6.linode.co 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 70.116.5.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 26.175.217.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 192.168.128.0 * 255.255.128.0 U 0 0 0 eth0

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• Cannot access host from a virtualbox guest using bridged adapter

  - by David Dai

  I have a windows 7 host with firewall turned off. And I have a windowsXP guest running on Virtualbox 4.2.4r81684. In my windowsXP guest I tried to connect to the FTP server on my host machine(which used to work well) but it didn't work. I tried to ping my host machine, but it didn't work either. Then I tried to ping my guest from host, it worked well. my guest ip is :192.168.1.95 my host ip is : 192.168.1.9 route table on guest machine is this: C:\Documents and Settings\wenlong>route PRINT =========================================================================== Interface List 0x1 ........................... MS TCP Loopback interface 0x2 ...08 00 27 66 54 6c ...... AMD PCNET Family PCI Ethernet Adapter #2 - Packe t Scheduler Miniport =========================================================================== =========================================================================== Active Routes: Network Destination Netmask Gateway Interface Metric 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.95 20 127.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 1 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.95 192.168.1.95 20 192.168.1.95 255.255.255.255 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 20 192.168.1.255 255.255.255.255 192.168.1.95 192.168.1.95 20 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 192.168.1.95 192.168.1.95 20 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 192.168.1.95 192.168.1.95 1 Default Gateway: 192.168.1.1 =========================================================================== Persistent Routes: None arp cache is this: C:\Documents and Settings\wenlong>arp -a Interface: 192.168.1.95 --- 0x2 Internet Address Physical Address Type 192.168.1.1 00-26-f2-60-3c-04 dynamic 192.168.1.9 90-e6-ba-c2-90-2f dynamic It's strange because there was no problem days before and I didn't make any changes to the setting. could anybody help? PS. the guest can communicate with other machines in the LAN(for example 192.168.1.114) ok. it just cannot connect to the host machine.

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• SQL Server Management Studio not scripting all objects

  - by Ian Boyd

  i've been attempting to script a database using SQL Server 2005 Management Studio. i cannot get it to script some objects. It scripts others, but skips some. i can provide detailed screen shots the options being selected including all tables the folder where the script files will go the folder being empty before scripting the scripting process saying Sucess when scripting a table the destination folder no longer empty, with a hundred or so script files the script of some tables not being in the folder. And earlier SSMS would not script some views. Is this a known thing that the the Generate Scripts task does not generate scripts? Update Known issue on Microsoft Connect, but Microsoft couldn't repro the steps, so they closed closed the ticket. Fails on SQL Server 2005, also fails on SQL Server 2008. Update Two Some basic questions: 1.What version of SQL Server? Microsoft SQL Server 2000 - 8.00.194 (Intel X86) Microsoft SQL Server 2005 - 9.00.3042.00 (Intel X86) Microsoft SQL Server 2008 - 10.0.2531.0 (Intel X86) Microsoft SQL Server 2005 Management Studio: 9.00.4035.00 Microsoft SQL Server 2008 Management Studio: 10.0.1600.22 2.What O/S are you running on? Windows Server 2000 Windows Server 2003 Windows Server 2008 3.How are you logging in to SQL server? sa/password Trusted authentication 4.Have you verified your account has full access to all objects? Yes, i have access to all objects. 5.Can you use the objects that fail to script? (eg: select top(10) * from nonScriptingTable) Yes, all objects work fine. SQL Server Enterprise Manager can script the objects fine. Update Three They fail no matter what version of SQL Server you script against. It wasn't a problem in Enterprise Manager: Client Tools SQL Server 2000 SQL Server 2005 SQL Server 2008 ============ =============== =============== =============== 2000 Yes n/a n/a 2005 No No No 2008 No No No Update Four No errors found in the database using: DBCC CHECKDB go DBCC CHECKCONSTRAINTS go DBCC CHECKFILEGROUP go DBCC CHECKIDENT go DBCC CHECKCATALOG go EXECUTE sp_msforeachtable 'DBCC CHECKTABLE (''?'')' Honk if you hate SSMS.

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• Cannot Install Bootcamp on Mac Fusion Drive

  - by user3377019

  I have two drive installed in my mid-2013 Macbook pro. It is running osx maverick. I set the two drives (an ssd and a regular HD) up using the fusion drive (following the diy fusion drive guides out there). I went ahead and created a 40gb partition to host my windows install. I removed the SSD, installed windows, then reinstalled the SSD. As soon as the ssd was placed back in the bootcamp partition stopped booting. I get a blinking cursor on a black screen. I checked out the partition info in disk utility and it appears that the windows partition is not marked bootable. Below is some info I managed to gather. I am wondering if there is a way to fix the partition table so my bootcamp will boot. /dev/disk0 #: TYPE NAME SIZE IDENTIFIER 0: GUID_partition_scheme *120.0 GB disk0 1: EFI EFI 209.7 MB disk0s1 2: Apple_CoreStorage 119.7 GB disk0s2 3: Apple_Boot Boot OS X 134.2 MB disk0s3 /dev/disk1 #: TYPE NAME SIZE IDENTIFIER 0: GUID_partition_scheme *500.1 GB disk1 1: EFI EFI 209.7 MB disk1s1 2: Microsoft Basic Data BOOTCAMP 40.0 GB disk1s2 3: Apple_CoreStorage 459.2 GB disk1s3 4: Apple_Boot Boot OS X 650.0 MB disk1s4 /dev/disk2 #: TYPE NAME SIZE IDENTIFIER 0: Apple_HFS Macintosh HD *573.4 GB disk2 Name : BOOTCAMP Type : Partition Disk Identifier : disk1s2 Mount Point : /Volumes/BOOTCAMP File System : Windows NT File System (NTFS) Connection Bus : SATA Device Tree : IODeviceTree:/PCI0@0/SATA@1F,2/PRT1@1/PMP@0 Writable : No Universal Unique Identifier : 584BAED6-4C46-4F18-93B3-957F6E27003C Capacity : 40 GB (39,998,980,096 Bytes) Free Space : 16.34 GB (16,339,972,096 Bytes) Used : 23.66 GB (23,659,003,904 Bytes) Number of Files : 86,424 Number of Folders : 0 Owners Enabled : No Can Turn Owners Off : No Can Be Formatted : No Bootable : No Supports Journaling : No Journaled : No Disk Number : 1 Partition Number : 2

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• ULogd2.x - Documents - IPFIX data generation

  - by Gomathivinayagam

  I would like to generate IPFIX data from the packets that are coming to my local system as part of experimentation. It seems ULogd is a good tool to do that. I am able to capture PCAP data. But there are very less documents available on ULogd2.x about IPFIX format data generation.(There are very few examples provided in ulogd.conf). Can you provide me any links that describes about how to generate IPFIX data using ulogd2.x? 1) What are the options available? I saw there is polling interval configuration. But I have no idea how does it work? 2) If I set hash_enable = 0, and uncomment the polling_interval value, I'm getting an exception as NFCT plugin requires hash table, evne though I have specified hash_buckets and hash_max_entries. Could you help on this? 3) In general, I would like to know how NFCT plugin works in ulogd2.x. I sent mail to ulogd mailing list, but there are no replies. Could you shed some light?

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• Secondary IP (eth0:0) acts like main server IP

  - by George Tasioulis

  I have a CentOS server, configured with 4 consecutive IPs: eth0 5.x.x.251 eth0:0 5.x.x.252 eth0:1 5.x.x.253 eth0:2 5.x.x.254 The problem is that all traffic goes out to the internet with eth0:0 (5.x.x.252) as the source IP, instead of eth0. # curl ifconfig.me 5.x.x.252 How can I fix this, so that all traffic goes out via eth0, ie my main IP? PS: My server is VPS running on a Xen dom0, the latter being configured in routed mode networking. Thanks in advance! Server configuration # ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:x:x:x:x:AE inet addr:5.x.x.251 Bcast:5.x.x.255 Mask:255.255.255.255 inet6 addr: fe80::x:x:x:x/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:14675569 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:9463227 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:4122016502 (3.8 GiB) TX bytes:25959110751 (24.1 GiB) Interrupt:23 eth0:0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:x:x:x:x:AE inet addr:5.x.x.252 Bcast:5.x.x.255 Mask:255.255.255.224 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 Interrupt:23 eth0:1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:x:x:x:x:AE inet addr:5.x.x.253 Bcast:5.x.x.255 Mask:255.255.255.224 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 Interrupt:23 eth0:2 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:x:x:x:x:AE inet addr:5.x.x.254 Bcast:5.x.x.255 Mask:255.255.255.224 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 Interrupt:23 # cat /etc/hosts 127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost 5.x.x.251 [fqdn] [hostname] # cat ifcfg-eth0 DEVICE=eth0 BOOTPROTO=static ONBOOT=yes IPADDR=5.x.x.251 NETMASK=255.255.255.224 SCOPE="peer 5.x.y.82" # cat ifcfg-eth0:0 DEVICE=eth0:0 BOOTPROTO=static ONBOOT=yes IPADDR=5.x.x.252 NETMASK=255.255.255.224 # cat route-eth0 ADDRESS0=0.0.0.0 NETMASK0=0.0.0.0 GATEWAY0=5.x.y.82 # netstat -rn Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags MSS Window irtt Iface 5.x.y.82 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 eth0 5.x.x.224 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.224 U 0 0 0 eth0 169.254.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 0.0.0.0 5.x.y.82 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0

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• PostgreSQL lots of large Arrays and Writes

  - by strife911

  Hi, I am running a python program that spawns 8 threads and as each thread launch its own postmaster process via psycopg2. This is to maximize the use of my CPU-cores (8). Each thread call a series of SQL Functions. Most of these functions go through many thousands of rows each associated to a large FLOAT8[] Array (250-300) values by using unnest() and multiplying each FLOAT8 by an another FLOAT8 associated to each row. This Array approach minimized the size of the Indexes and the Tables. The Function ends with an Insert into another Table of a row of the same form (pk INT4, array FLOAT8[]). Some SQL Functions called by python will Update a row of these kind of Tables (with large Arrays). Now I currently have configured PostgreSQL to use most of the memory for cache (effective_cache_size of 57 GB I think) and only a small amount of it for shared memory (1GB I think). First, I was wondering what the difference between Cache and Shared memory was in regards to PostgreSQL (and my application). What I have noticed is that only about 20-40% of my total CPU processing power is used during the most Read intensive parts of the application (Select unnest(array) etc). So secondly, I was wondering what I could do to improve this so that 100% of the CPU is used. Based on my observations, it does not seem to have anything to do with python or its GIL. Thanks

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• How can I use two Internet connections in Ubuntu?

  - by Martin

  My goal is to be able to do something like this: curl google.com --interface ppp0 curl google.com --interface p2p2 ppp0 is a DSL connection, and p2p2 is a separate direct Internet connection. Currently I can only get one of these to work at a time. When I enable one, the other one stops working. /etc/network/interfaces: # The loopback network interface auto lo iface lo inet loopback # DSL auto p2p1 iface p2p1 inet manual auto dsl-provider iface dsl-provider inet ppp pre-up /sbin/ifconfig p2p1 up # line maintained by pppoeconf provider dsl-provider # DIRECT auto p2p2 iface p2p2 inet dhcp ifconfig: lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1 p2p1 Link encap:Ethernet inet6 addr: fe80::20a:ebff:fe21:99c6/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 p2p2 Link encap:Ethernet inet addr:192.168.1.101 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::20a:ebff:fe17:1249/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 ppp0 Link encap:Point-to-Point Protocol inet addr:53.193.231.167 P-t-P:53.193.224.1 Mask:255.255.255.255 UP POINTOPOINT RUNNING NOARP MULTICAST MTU:1492 Metric:1 route -n Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 U 0 0 0 ppp0 10.0.10.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth2 53.193.224.1 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 ppp0 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 p2p2 By default, only ppp0 works. If I run "route add default gw 192.168.1.1 p2p2" then I can use p2p2 but ppp0 stops working. If I then run "route add default gw 53.193.224.1 ppp0" then I can use ppp0 again but p2p2 stops working. What can I do to be able to use both interfaces selectively?

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• apache-memory-hacker-linux

  - by bibhudatta

  When we start the linux system it take only 435mb memory and it is 4GB memory server. When we start the httpd services it take 1000mb and outmatically it take all the memory and the server crase. even we stop the apache just it release 200mb memory. What will be the problem Can any one tell me what these hacker are doing. I see they are goinging some hit to my apache by some but I thing they are doing from this system. Below is the log. Please help me out for this. [root@host ~]# tail -20 /var/log/httpd/dostizone.com-combined.log 180.76.5.143 - - [14/Nov/2011:02:30:16 +0530] "GET /blogs/10248/209403/nfl-panties-since-the-quality-of HTTP/1.1" 403 2298 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; Baiduspider/2.0; +http://www.baidu.com/search/spider.html)" 180.76.5.88 - - [14/Nov/2011:02:30:31 +0530] "GET /blogs/815/158725/new-jersey-attorney-search HTTP/1.1" 403 2290 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; Baiduspider/2.0; +http://www.baidu.com/search/spider.html)" 220.181.108.186 - - [14/Nov/2011:02:30:32 +0530] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 403 5043 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; Baiduspider/2.0; +http://www.baidu.com/search/spider.html)" crawl-66-249-67-137.googlebot.com - - [14/Nov/2011:02:30:20 +0530] "GET /blogs/805/11279/supra-suprano-high-shoes HTTP/1.1" 200 30642 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; Googlebot/2.1; +http://www.google.com/bot.html)" crawl-66-249-68-51.googlebot.com - - [14/Nov/2011:02:30:37 +0530] "GET /blogs/10514/215084/oakland-raiders-sweatpants-tags HTTP/1.1" 403 2297 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; Googlebot/2.1; +http://www.google.com/bot.html)" 220.181.94.237 - - [14/Nov/2011:02:30:12 +0530] "GET /profile/8509 HTTP/1.1" 200 236894 "-" "Sogou web spider/4.0(+http://www.sogou.com/docs/help/webmasters.htm#07)" 220.181.94.237 - - [14/Nov/2011:02:30:43 +0530] "GET /mode-switch?return_url=%2Fblogs%2F8529%2F160217%2Fclimate-jordan-6 HTTP/1.1" 302 1 "-" "Sogou web spider/4.0(+http://www.sogou.com/docs/help/webmasters.htm#07)" crawl-66-249-68-51.googlebot.com - - [14/Nov/2011:02:30:44 +0530] "GET /blogs/390/61573/blackhawk-jerseys-from-the-you HTTP/1.1" 403 2293 "-" "SAMSUNG-SGH-E250/1.0 Profile/MIDP-2.0 Configuration/CLDC-1.1 UP.Browser/6.2.3.3.c.1.101 (GUI) MMP/2.0 (compatible; Googlebot-Mobile/2.1; +http://www.google.com/bot.html)" 124.115.0.159 - - [14/Nov/2011:02:30:24 +0530] "GET /blogs/693/46081/application/modules/Hecore/externals/scripts/core.js HTTP/1.1" 200 26869 "http://dostizone.com/blogs/693/46081/thomas-sabo-charms-hot-chilli" "Sosospider+(+http://help.soso.com/webspider.htm)" 124.115.0.159 - - [14/Nov/2011:02:30:24 +0530] "GET /blogs/693/46081/application/modules/Activity/externals/scripts/core.js HTTP/1.1" 200 26873 "http://dostizone.com/blogs/693/46081/thomas-sabo-charms-hot-chilli" "Sosospider+(+http://help.soso.com/webspider.htm)" 124.115.0.159 - - [14/Nov/2011:02:30:24 +0530] "GET /blogs/693/46081/application/modules/Hecore/externals/scripts/imagezoom/core.js HTTP/1.1" 200 26899 "http://dostizone.com/blogs/693/46081/thomas-sabo-charms-hot-chilli" "Sosospider+(+http://help.soso.com/webspider.htm)" 180.76.5.153 - - [14/Nov/2011:02:30:50 +0530] "GET /blogs/10252/212268/cleveland-browns-authentic-jerse HTTP/1.1" 403 2298 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; Baiduspider/2.0; +http://www.baidu.com/search/spider.html)" crawl-66-249-68-51.googlebot.com - - [14/Nov/2011:02:30:51 +0530] "GET /blogs/741/46260/chocolate-ugg-women-boots-1873 HTTP/1.1" 403 2293 "-" "SAMSUNG-SGH-E250/1.0 Profile/MIDP-2.0 Configuration/CLDC-1.1 UP.Browser/6.2.3.3.c.1.101 (GUI) MMP/2.0 (compatible; Googlebot-Mobile/2.1; +http://www.google.com/bot.html)" 124.115.1.7 - - [14/Nov/2011:02:30:40 +0530] "GET /blogs/682/97454/swarovski-jewellry-sale-articles HTTP/1.1" 200 25770 "-" "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1)" crawl-66-249-68-51.googlebot.com - - [14/Nov/2011:02:30:56 +0530] "GET /blogs/779/60941/players-a-to-z-michael-cuddyer HTTP/1.1" 403 2293 "-" "SAMSUNG-SGH-E250/1.0 Profile/MIDP-2.0 Configuration/CLDC-1.1 UP.Browser/6.2.3.3.c.1.101 (GUI) MMP/2.0 (compatible; Googlebot-Mobile/2.1; +http://www.google.com/bot.html)" crawl-66-249-68-51.googlebot.com - - [14/Nov/2011:02:31:01 +0530] "GET /blogs/469/58551/chicago-bears-news-there-exist HTTP/1.1" 403 2293 "-" "SAMSUNG-SGH-E250/1.0 Profile/MIDP-2.0 Configuration/CLDC-1.1 UP.Browser/6.2.3.3.c.1.101 (GUI) MMP/2.0 (compatible; Googlebot-Mobile/2.1; +http://www.google.com/bot.html)" 220.181.94.237 - - [14/Nov/2011:02:30:54 +0530] "GET /blogs/8529/160217/climate-jordan-6 HTTP/1.1" 200 30750 "-" "Sogou web spider/4.0(+http://www.sogou.com/docs/help/webmasters.htm#07)" 180.76.5.59 - - [14/Nov/2011:02:31:05 +0530] "GET /blogs/815/158197/cheap-calgary-flames-jerseys HTTP/1.1" 403 2292 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; Baiduspider/2.0; +http://www.baidu.com/search/spider.html)" crawl-66-249-68-51.googlebot.com - - [14/Nov/2011:02:31:06 +0530] "GET /mode-switch?return_url=%2Fblogs%2F387%2F45679%2Fhandbag-louis-vuitton-judy-mm-m4 HTTP/1.1" 403 2258 "-" "SAMSUNG-SGH-E250/1.0 Profile/MIDP-2.0 Configuration/CLDC-1.1 UP.Browser/6.2.3.3.c.1.101 (GUI) MMP/2.0 (compatible; Googlebot-Mobile/2.1; +http://www.google.com/bot.html)" crawl-66-249-67-137.googlebot.com - - [14/Nov/2011:02:31:10 +0530] "GET /public/temporary/c83b731ecc556d7fd1a7732d9ac16ed6.png HTTP/1.1" 404 2305 "-" "Googlebot-Image/1

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• nginx rewrite or internal redirection cycle

  - by gyre

  Im banging my head against a table trying to figure out what is causing redirection cycle in my nginx configuration when trying to access URL which does not exist Configuration goes as follows: server { listen 127.0.0.1:8080; server_name .somedomain.com; root /var/www/somedomain.com; access_log /var/log/nginx/somedomain.com-access.nginx.log; error_log /var/log/nginx/somedomain.com-error.nginx.log debug; location ~* \.php.$ { # Proxy all requests with an URI ending with .php* # (includes PHP, PHP3, PHP4, PHP5...) include /etc/nginx/fastcgi.conf; } # all other files location / { root /var/www/somedomain.com; try_files $uri $uri/ ; } error_page 404 /errors/404.html; location /errors/ { alias /var/www/errors/; } #this loads custom logging configuration which disables favicon error logging include /etc/nginx/drop.conf; } this domain is a simple STATIC HTML site just for some testing purposes. I'd expect that the error_page directive would kick in in response to PHP-FPM not being able to find given files as I have fastcgi_intercept_errors on; in http block and nave error_page set up, but I'm guessing the request fails even before that somewhere on internal redirects. Any help would be much appreciated.

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• VMware ARP/Mac Networking

  - by Ross Wilson

  Hi Guys, I am very interested in how VMware networking works. I have scoured the VMware website and read their data sheets, this has given me some basic knowledge. I now have some questions. Lets assume that we have a physical server running the VMware hypervisor. The physical server is running a Virtual Machine. The physical box has one physical NIC. The NIC is connected to a switch, as so is a desktop client. Now, this is where my first question lies. The VM has an IP address: 192.168.1.1. How do desktop clients on the network communicate with this VM? So, the client pings 192.168.1.1. The ping packet is sent to the switch. The switch checks its MAC address table and sees that 192.168.1.1 is associated with the MAC address of the physical NIC. Correct? I then assume that the ping packet is sent to the server's physical NIC, where the hypervisor routes the packet to the VM thats using 192.168.1.1? Please could you give me a run down as to how VM networking works? Many thanks, Ross

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• Fast Ethernet module for Cisco 2620

  - by Kenny Rasschaert

  I have a Cisco 2620 Router. It comes with one fast ethernet port built in (circled in red), and one old AUI ethernet module is installed (circled in blue). I figure I can put a transceiver on the AUI interface to get a second RJ45 connector. What I'd really like to have is a second fast ethernet connector. The ideal candidate to achieve this would be the NM-1FE-TX module. Cisco claims on their website that this module is not suitable for the Cisco 2620 and Cisco 2620XM. It says so in "Table 2 Physical Limitation of Serial Modules per Chassis". Indeed, this module was designed for the 3600 series of routers. I've seen claims on the internet, however, of people having this module on a 2620XM, and it being fully functional. This claim gains some credibility because of the fact that in Cisco's own Packet Tracer software, you can install this module on the 2620XM router. I'm looking for a definitive answer. Will this module work on a Cisco 2620? Is there perhaps another way to get a second fast ethernet port on this device?

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• Allow access from outside network with dmz and iptables

  - by Ivan

  I'm having a problem with my home network. So my setup is like this: In my Router (using Ubuntu desktop v11.04), I installed squid proxy as my transparent proxy. So I would like to use dyndns to my home network so I could be access my server from the internet, and also I installed CCTV camera and I would like to enable watching it from internet. The problem is I cannot access it from outside the net. I already set DMZ in my modem to my router ip. My first guess is because i'm using iptables to redirect all inside network to use squid. And not allow from outside traffic to my inside network. Here is my iptables script: #!/bin/sh # squid server IP SQUID_SERVER="192.168.5.1" # Interface connected to Internet INTERNET="eth0" # Interface connected to LAN LAN_IN="eth1" # Squid port SQUID_PORT="3128" # Clean old firewall iptables -F iptables -X iptables -t nat -F iptables -t nat -X iptables -t mangle -F iptables -t mangle -X # Load IPTABLES modules for NAT and IP conntrack support modprobe ip_conntrack modprobe ip_conntrack_ftp # For win xp ftp client #modprobe ip_nat_ftp echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward # Setting default filter policy iptables -P INPUT DROP iptables -P OUTPUT ACCEPT # Unlimited access to loop back iptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT iptables -A OUTPUT -o lo -j ACCEPT # Allow UDP, DNS and Passive FTP iptables -A INPUT -i $INTERNET -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT # set this system as a router for Rest of LAN iptables --table nat --append POSTROUTING --out-interface $INTERNET -j MASQUERADE iptables --append FORWARD --in-interface $LAN_IN -j ACCEPT # unlimited access to LAN iptables -A INPUT -i $LAN_IN -j ACCEPT iptables -A OUTPUT -o $LAN_IN -j ACCEPT # DNAT port 80 request comming from LAN systems to squid 3128 ($SQUID_PORT) aka transparent proxy iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i $LAN_IN -p tcp --dport 80 -j DNAT --to $SQUID_SERVER:$SQUID_PORT # if it is same system iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i $INTERNET -p tcp --dport 80 -j REDIRECT --to-port $SQUID_PORT # DROP everything and Log it iptables -A INPUT -j LOG iptables -A INPUT -j DROP If you know where did I miss, please advice me. Thanks for all your help and I really appreciate it.

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• Email test deferred (mail transport unavailable) with ClamAV

  - by dirt

  I'm trying to set up a simple new mail server; when I send a test email to the server the email is getting hung up during delivery (user mapping is found) and the email is never found in /home/user/Maildir/new Here is my maillog after a fresh reboot and test email, there are a few warnings I am unfamiliar with. Can you please point me in the right direction? Oct 25 14:54:57 loki dovecot: master: Dovecot v2.0.9 starting up (core dumps disabled) Oct 25 14:54:58 loki postfix/postfix-script[1369]: starting the Postfix mail system Oct 25 14:54:58 loki postfix/master[1370]: daemon started -- version 2.6.6, configuration /etc/postfix Oct 25 14:56:00 loki postfix/tlsmgr[1457]: warning: request to update table btree:/etc/postfix/smtpd_scache in non-postfix directory /etc/postfix Oct 25 14:56:00 loki postfix/tlsmgr[1457]: warning: redirecting the request to postfix-owned data_directory /var/lib/postfix Oct 25 14:56:00 loki postfix/smtpd[1455]: connect from mail-ob0-f180.google.com[209.85.214.180] Oct 25 14:56:01 loki postfix/smtpd[1455]: 1CF5E20A8B: client=mail-ob0-f180.google.com[209.85.214.180] Oct 25 14:56:01 loki postfix/cleanup[1461]: 1CF5E20A8B: message-id= Oct 25 14:56:01 loki postfix/qmgr[1379]: 1CF5E20A8B: from=, size=1788, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Oct 25 14:56:01 loki postfix/qmgr[1379]: warning: connect to transport private/scan: No such file or directory Oct 25 14:56:01 loki postfix/error[1462]: 1CF5E20A8B: to=, orig_to=, relay=none, delay=0.18, delays=0.15/0.02/0/0.01, dsn=4.3.0, status=deferred (mail transport unavailable) Oct 25 14:56:01 loki postfix/smtpd[1455]: disconnect from mail-ob0-f180.google.com[209.85.214.180] master.cf snippets: # ========================================================================== # service type private unpriv chroot wakeup maxproc command + args # (yes) (yes) (yes) (never) (100) # ========================================================================== smtp inet n - n - - smtpd submission inet n - n - - smtpd -o smtpd_tls_security_level=encrypt # -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes # -o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject # -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING smtps inet n - n - - smtpd -o smtpd_tls_wrappermode=yes # -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes # -o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject # -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING scan unix - - n - 16 smtp -o smtp_data_done_timeout=1200 -o smtp_send_xforward_command=yes -o disable_dns_lookups=yes 127.0.0.1:10026 inet n - n - 16 smtpd -o content_filter= -o local_recipient_maps= -o relay_recipient_maps= -o smtpd_restriction_classes= -o smtpd_client_restrictions= -o smtpd_helo_restrictions= -o smtpd_sender_restrictions= -o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=permit_mynetworks,reject -o mynetworks_style=host -o smtpd_authorized_xforward_hosts=127.0.0.0/8

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• Archive software for big files and fast index

  - by AkiRoss

  I'm currently using tar for archiving some files. Problem is: archives are pretty big, contains many data and tar is very slow when listing and extracting. I often need to extract single files or folders from the archive, but I don't currently have an external index of files. So, is there an alternative for Linux, allowing me to build uncompressed archive files, preserving the file attributes AND having fast access list table? I'm talking about archives of 10 to 100 GB, and it's pretty impractical to wait several minutes to access a single file. Anyway, any trick to solve this problem is welcome (but single archives are non-optional, so no rsync or similar). Thanks in advance! EDIT: I'm not compressing archives, and using tar I think they are too slow. To be precise about "slow", I'd like that: listing archive content should take time linear in files count inside the archive, but with very little constant (e.g. if a list of all the files is included at the head of the archive, it could be very fast). extraction of a target file/directory should (filesystem premitting) take time linear with the target size (e.g. if I'm extracting a 2MB PDF file in a 40GB directory, I'd really like it to take less than few minutes... If not seconds). Of course, this is just my idea and not a requirement. I guess such performances could be achievable if the archive contained an index of all the files with respective offset and such index is well organized (e.g. tree structure).

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• Server configurations for hosting MySQL database

  - by shyam

  I have a web application which uses a MySQL database hosted on a virtual server. I've been using this server when I started the application and when the database was really small. Now it has grown and the server is not able to handle the db, causing frequent db errors. I'm planning to get a server and I need suggestions for that. Like I said, the db is now 9 GB, and is growing considerably fast. There are a number of tables with millions of rows, which are frequently updated and queried. The most frequent error the db shows is Lock wait timeout exceeded. Previously there used to be "The total number of locks exceeds the lock table size" errors too, but I could avoid it by increasing Innodb buffer pool size. Please suggest what configurations should I look for in the server I should buy. I read somewhere that the db should ideally have a buffer pool size greater than the size of its data, so in my case I guess I'd need memory gt 9 GB. What other things should I look for in the server? Just tell me if I should give you more info about the

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