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  • VMWare Server Windows 2008 NAT Problem

    - by David
    At my new job our workstations run Windows Server 2008. However, for the specific task for which I've been hired, I need to set up a couple Linux VMs. So I grabbed the free VMWare Server and created an Ubuntu image and a Slackware image. (The former to more closely mimic the production server, the latter because I'm more familiar with it.) For desktop security purposes I need to use NAT for the network access (I would have preferred bridged, but I'm told that would go against some policy here and my whole workstation would be sandboxed from the switch). However, I can't seem to get it working right. I can ping out from the VMs to LAN addresses as well as internet addresses. I can resolve DNS names. However, attempts to use a web browser or perform any kind of higher-level interaction like that just time out. Googling around yesterday led me to various workarounds that were similar, but didn't solve my specific situation. (For example, Norton firewall blocking the connection on the host, or even the Windows firewall.) I also saw some forum posts where people said it's a known issue with VMWare and Windows Server 2008 (and Windows 7). So far I haven't been able to find a suggestion that gets me past this roadblock. I'm really not very familiar with managing a Windows Server 2008 box, so it's possible there's just some security setting somewhere that I need to modify. Does anybody have any suggestions on where I should look? UPDATE: I'm now looking at the "Network and Sharing Center" on the host workstation and it shows "VMWare Network Adapter VMnet8" (which is what I'm using) as an "Unidentified network" with "No Internet access." Looks like I can't modify ICS under the group policy. Any suggestions on how to allow this connection to have internet access?

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  • PXE bootable image for terminal server?

    - by HeavenCore
    We have 300 windows xp machines on cruddy old hardware across the company. With extended support for XP ending April next year we're looking into our options. Couple of options: Replace the 300 PC's with full windows 7 PC's (£100k +?) - no use of terminal server (our current model) Replace the 300 PC's with off the shelf thin clients & make use of our terminal server - Cheaper clients but Terminal Server CALS required? Keep the 300 PC's, replace windows XP with linux thin client capable of connecting to our terminal server - no hardware costs, just Terminal Server CALS required? Keep the 300 PC's - remove hard drives and make use of a PXE bootable "thin client" to connect to our terminal server If we were to choose option 4, what our the options out there? Is there any official PXE bootable thin clients for terminal server out there? If so, what are the licence requirements? Is there options we haven’t considered? There must be lots of companies out there in this situation - curious what the current trend is for this problem? Edit: Option 5 - Create a bootable Windows PE image with RDP auto start and use that as a "thin client" for our terminal server - is Windows PE licence free in such a model?

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  • Adding tables to a herd in bucardo

    - by Joseph the Dreamer
    Forgive my ignorance, I am a JS programmer given the task to do DB replication using bucardo. I understand the concept of how bucardo works, but setting it up is a bit confusing. The set-up is: Lubuntu Linux Two databases test_master and test_slave, using PostgreSQL Each DB has a table named test, containing 2 columns: id (PK) and test (int) I use pgAdmin3 I have already added them to bucardo's list of databases and added all tables. Table: public.test DB: test_slave PK: id (int4) Table: public.test DB: test_master PK: id (int4) As you see, due to the fact that the DBs are identical, even the schema names are identical. So when I do: bucardo_ctl add herd sample_herd public.test Ok, so it got added to the herd. But this command gets confused which database public.test comes from. So when I add a sync: $ bucardo_ctl add sync sample_sync source=sample_herd targetdb=test_slave type=fullcopy Failed to add sync: DBD::Pg::st execute failed: ERROR: Source and target databases cannot be the same: test_slave at line 118. at line 30. CONTEXT: PL/Perl function "validate_sync" at /usr/bin/bucardo_ctl line 3362. What does it mean that source and target cannot be the same? If it got confused as to which public.test to use as source, how do I differentiate?

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  • AsteriskNow Migration / Shared Extension Space

    - by Aaron C. de Bruyn
    I am testing the possibility of migrating from an old Avaya phone system to AsteriskNow. The migration would cover several hundred phones--but spread out over several years. (Management wants to move buildings to the new phone system one by one as cables get cut or time permits.) Two other directive is that extensions must not change and they want a GUI that other admins (non-Linux geeks) can manage. They currently use 9XXX for all extensions. We linked the Avaya and Asterisk box via PRI card and they both are communicating. From the Avaya side, if we move (for example) extension 9001 to Asterisk, we forward the call over the PRI to the AsteriskNow box and the SIP phone rings. In AsteriskNow we have an outgoing rule '_9XXX' that routes all 4-digit extensions starting with 9 back to Avaya. Here's the trouble. Dialing 9001 (the extension moved over to AsteriskNow) causes the call to be routed out the PRI to the Avaya box, then the Avaya box routes the call back to Asterisk, and Asterisk routes it to the SIP phone. As we get more and more users switched over, it will use up more and more channels over the PRI card. Is there a way I can ask Asterisk to check it's local extensions first--then forward off to the Avaya system if it starts with '_9XXX'? (I know how I can do it when editing the raw config files, I'm just looking for a way to do it in the GUI so other admins can manage it if necessary.) As a last-ditch plan, I know I can specifically add '_9001' as an outgoing call rule and sent it directly to extension 9001--but I'd really hate to do that for several hundred phones

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  • emacs, colors in term-mode

    - by valya
    Hello, I use Emacs and I run bash with M-x term command. There is a problem: colors in the *terminal* buffer aren't the same as in Gnome Terminal, and they are worse (do you need a screen shot?). How can I fix this? This is pretty annoying :-) Thank you! Linux Mint 9 Emacs 23.1.1 x86_64 __________________ /home/valentin/Work/buzzoola/buzzoola/test/vagrant [.../vagrant]$ echo $TERM eterm-color __________________ /home/valentin/Work/buzzoola/buzzoola/test/vagrant [.../vagrant]$ echo $LS_COLORS rs=0:di=01;34:ln=01;36:hl=44;37:pi=40;33:so=01;35:do=01;35:bd=40;33;01:cd=40;33;01:or=40;31 ;01:su=37;41:sg=30;43:ca=30;41:tw=30;42:ow=34;42:st=37;44:ex=01;32:*.tar=01;31:*.tgz=01;31: *.arj=01;31:*.taz=01;31:*.lzh=01;31:*.lzma=01;31:*.zip=01;31:*.z=01;31:*.Z=01;31:*.dz=01;31 :*.gz=01;31:*.bz2=01;31:*.bz=01;31:*.tbz2=01;31:*.tz=01;31:*.deb=01;31:*.rpm=01;31:*.jar=01 ;31:*.rar=01;31:*.ace=01;31:*.zoo=01;31:*.cpio=01;31:*.7z=01;31:*.rz=01;31:*.jpg=01;35:*.jp eg=01;35:*.gif=01;35:*.bmp=01;35:*.pbm=01;35:*.pgm=01;35:*.ppm=01;35:*.tga=01;35:*.xbm=01;3 5:*.xpm=01;35:*.tif=01;35:*.tiff=01;35:*.png=01;35:*.svg=01;35:*.svgz=01;35:*.mng=01;35:*.p cx=01;35:*.mov=01;35:*.mpg=01;35:*.mpeg=01;35:*.m2v=01;35:*.mkv=01;35:*.ogm=01;35:*.mp4=01; 35:*.m4v=01;35:*.mp4v=01;35:*.vob=01;35:*.qt=01;35:*.nuv=01;35:*.wmv=01;35:*.asf=01;35:*.rm =01;35:*.rmvb=01;35:*.flc=01;35:*.avi=01;35:*.fli=01;35:*.flv=01;35:*.gl=01;35:*.dl=01;35:* .xcf=01;35:*.xwd=01;35:*.yuv=01;35:*.axv=01;35:*.anx=01;35:*.ogv=01;35:*.ogx=01;35:*.aac=00 ;36:*.au=00;36:*.flac=00;36:*.mid=00;36:*.midi=00;36:*.mka=00;36:*.mp3=00;36:*.mpc=00;36:*. ogg=00;36:*.ra=00;36:*.wav=00;36:*.axa=00;36:*.oga=00;36:*.spx=00;36:*.xspf=00;36:

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  • mdadm superblock hiding/shadowing partition

    - by Kjell Andreassen
    Short version: Is it safe to do mdadm --zero-superblock /dev/sdd on a disk with a partition (dev/sdd1), filesystem and data? Will the partition be mountable and the data still there? Longer version: I used to have a raid6 array but decided to dismantle it. The disks from the array are now used as non-raid disks. The superblocks were cleared: sudo mdadm --zero-superblock /dev/sdd The disks were repartitioned with fdisk and filesystems created with mfks.ext4. All disks where mounted and everything worked fine. Today, a couple of weeks later, one of the disks is failing to be recognized when trying to mount it, or rather the single partition on it. sudo mount /dev/sdd1 /mnt/tmp mount: special device /dev/sdd1 does not exist fdisk claims there to be a partition on it: sudo fdisk -l /dev/sdd Disk /dev/sdd: 2000.4 GB, 2000398934016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 243201 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0xb06f6341 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdd1 1 243201 1953512001 83 Linux Of course mount is right, the device /dev/sdd1 is not there, I'm guessing udev did not create it because of the mdadm data still on it: sudo mdadm --examine /dev/sdd /dev/sdd: Magic : a92b4efc Version : 1.2 Feature Map : 0x0 Array UUID : b164e513:c0584be1:3cc53326:48691084 Name : pringle:0 (local to host pringle) Creation Time : Sat Jun 16 21:37:14 2012 Raid Level : raid6 Raid Devices : 6 Avail Dev Size : 3907027120 (1863.02 GiB 2000.40 GB) Array Size : 15628107776 (7452.06 GiB 8001.59 GB) Used Dev Size : 3907026944 (1863.02 GiB 2000.40 GB) Data Offset : 2048 sectors Super Offset : 8 sectors State : clean Device UUID : 3ccaeb5b:843531e4:87bf1224:382c16e2 Update Time : Sun Aug 12 22:20:39 2012 Checksum : 4c329db0 - correct Events : 1238535 Layout : left-symmetric Chunk Size : 512K Device Role : Active device 3 Array State : AA.AAA ('A' == active, '.' == missing) My mdadm --zero-superblock apparently didn't work. Can I safely try it again without losing data? If not, are there any suggestion on what do to? Not starting mdadm at all on boot might be a (somewhat unsatisfactory) solution.

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  • Self-hosting vs. Budget hosting - What are the economics?

    - by cdonner
    My current hosting provider (shared Linux, unlimited domains, < $10 per month, with about 20 sites) has been giving me a lot of grief lately. I am contemplating to just ditch them and repurpose the old Sun V20z that is sitting in my basement rack, and move the hosting in-house, literally. My math goes as follows: my company pays up to $80 a months for my home internet service, which would cover the upgrade from currently Fios to Comcast business internet with 5 static IPs. So this comes free. running the server will cost me about $180/year at the current rate of approx. $.2/kWh my time is free So, it seems that the my net cost of doing this would be about $80 anually, plus the work that goes into setup and maintenance. I will have to get email hosting somewhere, which I do not want to do myself. On the other side of the balance sheet, I'd likely get better uptime than my provider based on recent stats, will not get suspended and don't have to spend hours with customer support. Overall, I am not convinced. Has anybody actually done that? What was your experience, and did it pay off?

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  • Unable to connect to APNS with java-apns

    - by Mac
    I've got a Java program running on a firewalled server that is intended to send push notifications to my iPhone app by using java-apns. Problem is, whenever I try to send a notification the library fails to connect to the APNS server. From the stack trace, it seems that when creating the required SSL connection, the connection is being refused at some point (a java.net.ConnectException with a detail message of "connection refused" is being thrown when the library calls SSLSocketFactory's createSocket method). It would not surprise me at all if the firewall is blocking the connection, but unfortunately as I do not manage the server I am unable to verify that that is indeed the case. The fact that the program works fine from my (non-firewalled) desktop seems to support the theory. My question is, does anyone know of any method by which I can find the root cause of the problem, and/or can anyone tell me what I should tell the server admin to change to get things to work (if it is indeed the firewall that's the problem)? For reference, the server is a Linux box and I'm using version 0.1.2 of java-apns.

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  • Hardware for a home server running Windows Server 2008 R2 Hyper-V or Microsoft Hyper-V Server 2008 R2

    - by David Hayes
    Hi, I'm planning to build a server to do the following Act as a file server (videos, pictures music) Run Squeezebox server Run Zune Software to allow wireless syncing to Windows Phone 7 I'd also like to aim for Low power usage (i'd settle for less than the 90-100Watts I'm using atm Flexibility, I might want to add a web server or sharepoint or... Something I can learn/test on, work is mainly a Windows shop but I do have Linux experience too I'd like to take a look at App-V (application virtualization) too I'd like it to cost less than $1000 Quiet would be nice but not essential (it'll be in the basement) I'm thinking of getting a technet subscription to get access to Windows Server 2008 R2 at a reasonable price ($199) So my plan was this Get a bunch of 2TB Caviar green drives to RAID up (RAID 1 or 6 probably) Get a Quad core CPU (Intel i5/i7 probably) Install a Hypervisor Install w2k8 R2 Storage Server for a NAS Install Windows 7 Pro to run Zune/Squeeze box Install any other machines I want to play with Questions Can anyone see any issues with this or have any better ideas? Do you think I'd need an i7 over an i5? Is 4 cores enough/too much? Can anyone sugest a nice, reasonably priced case that will hold 6-8 drives and stay cool Should I wait for Sandy Bridge parts?

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  • Validating signature trust with gpg?

    - by larsks
    We would like to use gpg signatures to verify some aspects of our system configuration management tools. Additionally, we would like to use a "trust" model where individual sysadmin keys are signed with a master signing key, and then our systems trust that master key (and use the "web of trust" to validate signatures by our sysadmins). This gives us a lot of flexibility, such as the ability to easily revoke the trust on a key when someone leaves, but we've run into a problem. While the gpg command will tell you if a key is untrusted, it doesn't appear to return an exit code indicating this fact. For example: # gpg -v < foo.asc Version: GnuPG v1.4.11 (GNU/Linux) gpg: armor header: gpg: original file name='' this is a test gpg: Signature made Fri 22 Jul 2011 11:34:02 AM EDT using RSA key ID ABCD00B0 gpg: using PGP trust model gpg: Good signature from "Testing Key <[email protected]>" gpg: WARNING: This key is not certified with a trusted signature! gpg: There is no indication that the signature belongs to the owner. Primary key fingerprint: ABCD 1234 0527 9D0C 3C4A CAFE BABE DEAD BEEF 00B0 gpg: binary signature, digest algorithm SHA1 The part we care about is this: gpg: WARNING: This key is not certified with a trusted signature! gpg: There is no indication that the signature belongs to the owner. The exit code returned by gpg in this case is 0, despite the trust failure: # echo $? 0 How do we get gpg to fail in the event that something is signed with an untrusted signature? I've seen some suggestions that the gpgv command will return a proper exit code, but unfortunately gpgv doesn't know how to fetch keys from keyservers. I guess we can parse the status output (using --status-fd) from gpg, but is there a better way?

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  • can't find port 22 traffic under VirtualBox

    - by telliott99
    I'm trying to learn to use tcpdump. I thought I'd eavesdrop on my ssh login. The setup is a bit unusual, I have OS X Lion running VirtualBox, with Ubuntu running in the VM. I have ssh enabled and can login from OS X normally: > ssh -p 22 10.0.1.2 -l telliott Welcome to Ubuntu 11.10 (GNU/Linux 3.0.0-17-generic i686) * Documentation: https://help.ubuntu.com/ 0 packages can be updated. 0 updates are security updates. Last login: Sat Mar 31 19:54:36 2012 from toms-mac-mini.local telliott@U32:~$ logout Connection to 10.0.1.2 closed. > I have not obfuscated the ssh port on Ubuntu. From OS X, stroke gives what I expect: > ./stroke 10.0.1.2 22 22 Port Scanning host: 10.0.1.2 Open TCP Port: 22 ssh So from OS X I do: > sudo tcpdump -i en1 -v port 22 Password: tcpdump: listening on en1, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 65535 bytes Then I login from OS X to Ubuntu using ssh, but I see nothing with tcpdump. Here is ifconfig from Ubuntu: telliott@U32:~$ ifconfig eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 08:00:27:d7:ba:0e inet addr:10.0.1.2 Bcast:10.0.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::a00:27ff:fed7:ba0e/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:799 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:465 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:96863 (96.8 KB) TX bytes:68638 (68.6 KB) Where are the packets I was hoping to see? Thanks for any help.

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  • Can I upgrade the CPU in my Lenovo 3000 N100 laptop?

    - by Pavel
    I've got an Intel Core Duo T2300 in my laptop (Lenovo 3000 N100, 0768-49G). Here is what I could find out about it: $ sudo dmidecode # dmidecode 2.11 SMBIOS 2.4 present. 42 structures occupying 1436 bytes. Table at 0x000DC010. Handle 0x0000, DMI type 0, 24 bytes BIOS Information Vendor: LENOVO Version: 61ET37WW Release Date: 06/04/07 Address: 0xE6B70 [...] Handle 0x0002, DMI type 2, 8 bytes Base Board Information Manufacturer: LENOVO Product Name: CAPELL VALLEY(NAPA) CRB [...] Handle 0x0004, DMI type 4, 35 bytes Processor Information Socket Designation: U2E1 Type: Central Processor Family: Other Manufacturer: Intel ID: E8 06 00 00 FF FB E9 BF Version: Genuine Intel(R) CPU T2300 @ 1.66GHz Voltage: 3.3 V External Clock: 166 MHz Max Speed: 2048 MHz Current Speed: 1600 MHz Status: Populated, Enabled Upgrade: ZIF Socket L1 Cache Handle: 0x0005 L2 Cache Handle: 0x0006 L3 Cache Handle: Not Provided Serial Number: Not Specified Asset Tag: Not Specified Part Number: Not Specified $ cat /proc/cpuinfo processor : 0 vendor_id : GenuineIntel cpu family : 6 model : 14 model name : Genuine Intel(R) CPU T2300 @ 1.66GHz stepping : 8 microcode : 0x39 cpu MHz : 1000.000 cache size : 2048 KB I believe the chipset is "Mobile Intel 945GM Express", but I don't know how to verify it on a Linux system. I'm not sure about the socket, but Intel claims "Sockets Supported: PBGA479, PPGA478". Now, I'd like to upgrade to the fastest compatible CPU available, but I'm a bit lost in all the details. Can you guys help me out with a couple of questions, please? What CPUs can I choose from? (I think it's only the Core2Duo line, but it should be enough for an upgrade) Can I use a 64-bit CPU? Can I use a CPU with a higher FSB than 667 MHz? Do I have to worry about additional cooling, or is it enough to check for similar voltage/TDP values? Thank you!

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  • Snort/Barnyard2 Logging

    - by Eric
    I need some help with my Snort/Barnyard2 setup. My goal is to have Snort send unified2 logs to Barnyard2 and then have Barnyard2 send the data to other locations. Here is my currrent setup. OS Scientific Linux 6 Snort Version 2.9.2.3 Barnyard2 Version 2.1.9 Snort command snort -c /etc/snort/snort.conf -i eth2 & Barnyard2 command /usr/local/bin/barnyard2 -c /etc/snort/barnyard2.conf -d /var/log/snort -f snort.log -w /var/log/snort/barnyard.waldo & snort.conf output unified2: filename snort.log, limit 128 barnyard2.conf output alert_syslog: host=127.0.0.1 output database: log, mysql, user=snort dbname=snort password=password host=localhost With this setup, barnyard2 is showing all of the correct information in the database and I'm using BASE to view it on the web GUI. I was hoping to be able to send the full packet data to syslog with barnyard2 but after reading around, it seems that it is impossible to do that. So I then started trying to modify the snort.conf file and add lines like "output alert_full: alert.full". This definitely gave me a lot more information but still not the full packet data like I want. So my question is, is there anyway I can use barnyard2 to send the full packet data of alerts to a human readable file? Since I can't send it directly to syslog, I can create another process to take the data from that file and ship it off to another server. If not, what flags and/or snort.conf configuration would you recommend to get the most data possible but still be able to handle quite a bit of traffic? In the end of it all, these alerts will be shipped to a central server via a SSH tunnel. I'm trying to stay away from databases.

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  • ipvsadm lists a few hosts by IP only, rest by name

    - by dmourati
    We use keepalived to manage our Linux Virtual Server (LVS) load balancer. The LVS VIPs are setup to use a FWMARK as configured in iptables. virtual_server fwmark 300000 { delay_loop 10 lb_algo wrr lb_kind NAT persistence_timeout 180 protocol TCP real_server 10.10.35.31 { weight 24 MISC_CHECK { misc_path "/usr/local/sbin/check_php_wrapper.sh 10.10.35.31" misc_timeout 30 } } real_server 10.10.35.32 { weight 24 MISC_CHECK { misc_path "/usr/local/sbin/check_php_wrapper.sh 10.10.35.32" misc_timeout 30 } } real_server 10.10.35.33 { weight 24 MISC_CHECK { misc_path "/usr/local/sbin/check_php_wrapper.sh 10.10.35.33" misc_timeout 30 } } real_server 10.10.35.34 { weight 24 MISC_CHECK { misc_path "/usr/local/sbin/check_php_wrapper.sh 10.10.35.34" misc_timeout 30 } } } http://www.austintek.com/LVS/LVS-HOWTO/HOWTO/LVS-HOWTO.fwmark.html [root@lb1 ~]# iptables -L -n -v -t mangle Chain PREROUTING (policy ACCEPT 182G packets, 114T bytes) 190M 167G MARK tcp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 w1.x1.y1.4 multiport dports 80,443 MARK set 0x493e0 62M 58G MARK tcp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 w1.x1.y2.4 multiport dports 80,443 MARK set 0x493e0 [root@lb1 ~]# ipvsadm -L IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096) Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags -> RemoteAddress:Port Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn FWM 300000 wrr persistent 180 -> 10.10.35.31:0 Masq 24 1 0 -> dis2.domain.com:0 Masq 24 3 231 -> 10.10.35.33:0 Masq 24 0 208 -> 10.10.35.34:0 Masq 24 0 0 At the time the realservers were setup, there was a misconfigured dns for some hosts in the 10.10.35.0/24 network. Thereafter, we fixed the DNS. However, the hosts continue to show up as only their IP numbers (10.10.35.31,10.10.35.33,10.10.35.34) above. [root@lb1 ~]# host 10.10.35.31 31.35.10.10.in-addr.arpa domain name pointer dis1.domain.com. OS is CentOS 6.3. Ipvsadm is ipvsadm-1.25-10.el6.x86_64. kernel is kernel-2.6.32-71.el6.x86_64. Keepalived is keepalived-1.2.7-1.el6.x86_64. How can we get ipvsadm -L to list all realservers by their proper hostnames?

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  • USB Hardware vs. Software Write Lock

    - by TreyK
    I'm in the market for a USB flash drive, and remember this cool feature a tiny 32MB flash drive of mine had: a write lock switch. This seemed like it would be an amazing feature to have as a shield against any nastiness happening to the drive on an unfamiliar computer. However, very few drives on the market offer this feature. Instead, it seems that forms of software protection are the more prominent method. This software protection causes me a bit of uneasiness, as it seems like this software wouldn't be nearly as bulletproof as a physical switch. Also, levels of protection seem to vary from product to product. Being able to protect certain folders from reading and/or writing would be nice, but is the security trade-off worth it? Just how effective can this software protection be? Wouldn't a simple format be able to clean any drive with software protection? My drive must also be compatible with Windows XP, Vista, and 7, as well as Linux and Mac. What would be the best way forward for getting a well-sized (~8GB) flash drive with a strong write protection implementation, for little or no more than a regular drive? Thanks.

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  • Performance of file operations on thousands of files on NTFS vs HFS, ext3, others

    - by peterjmag
    [Crossposted from my Ask HN post. Feel free to close it if the question's too broad for superuser.] This is something I've been curious about for years, but I've never found any good discussions on the topic. Of course, my Google-fu might just be failing me... I often deal with projects involving thousands of relatively small files. This means that I'm frequently performing operations on all of those files or a large subset of them—copying the project folder elsewhere, deleting a bunch of temporary files, etc. Of all the machines I've worked on over the years, I've noticed that NTFS handles these tasks consistently slower than HFS on a Mac or ext3/ext4 on a Linux box. However, as far as I can tell, the raw throughput isn't actually slower on NTFS (at least not significantly), but the delay between each individual file is just a tiny bit longer. That little delay really adds up for thousands of files. (Side note: From what I've read, this is one of the reasons git is such a pain on Windows, since it relies so heavily on the file system for its object database.) Granted, my evidence is merely anecdotal—I don't currently have any real performance numbers, but it's something that I'd love to test further (perhaps with a Mac dual-booting into Windows). Still, my geekiness insists that someone out there already has. Can anyone explain this, or perhaps point me in the right direction to research it further myself?

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  • How to remove strict RSA key checking in SSH and what's the problem here?

    - by setatakahashi
    I have a Linux server that whenever I connect it shows me the message that changed the SSH host key: $ ssh root@host1 @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ @ WARNING: REMOTE HOST IDENTIFICATION HAS CHANGED! @ @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ IT IS POSSIBLE THAT SOMEONE IS DOING SOMETHING NASTY! Someone could be eavesdropping on you right now (man-in-the-middle attack)! It is also possible that the RSA host key has just been changed. The fingerprint for the RSA key sent by the remote host is 93:a2:1b:1c:5f:3e:68:47:bf:79:56:52:f0:ec:03:6b. Please contact your system administrator. Add correct host key in /home/emerson/.ssh/known_hosts to get rid of this message. Offending key in /home/emerson/.ssh/known_hosts:377 RSA host key for host1 has changed and you have requested strict checking. Host key verification failed. It keeps me for a very few seconds logged in and then it closes the connection. host1:~/.ssh # Read from remote host host1: Connection reset by peer Connection to host1 closed. Does anyone know what's happening and what I could do to solve this problem?

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  • GNU screen, how to get current sessionname programmably

    - by Jimm Chen
    [ This can be considered step 2 of my previous question Is it possible to change GNU screen session name after created? ] Actually, I'd like to write a script that can display current screen session name and change current session name. For example: sren armcross It will change the session name to armcross (ARM gcc cross compiler) and output something like: screen session name changed from '25278.pts-15.linux-ic37' to 'armcross' So, the key question now is how to get current session name. Not only for display the old session name, but according to Is it possible to change GNU screen session name after created? , I have to know it(pass to -d -r) before I can change it to something else. Can we use $STY for current session name? No. $STY will not change after you have changed the session name to a user-defined one. However, for command screen -d -r <oldsessname> -X sessionname armcross should be the user-defined name(if ever defined) instead of $STY, otherwise, screen spouts error "No screen session found." Maybe, there is a verbose way, use screen -list to list all sessions(user-defined name listed), then, match the pid part from $STY against those listed sessions and we will find current session's user-defined name. It should not be so verbose for such a straightforward question. Don't you think so? The -d -D and -r -R options seems to expose too much implementation detail to screen's user. It seems, to rename a session, you have to detach it, then do the rename, then reattach it. Right? My env: opensuse 11.3, GNU screen 4.00.03 (FAU) 23-Oct-06 Thank you.

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  • Cacti not working for SNMP data sources

    - by lorenzo-s
    I installed packages cacti and snmpd on a Debian server. I'm able to display common graphs in Cacti (such as memory usage, load average, logged in users, etc) using the data templates listed as Unix. Now I want to replace these graphs with new ones using SNMP data sources, because I see there is also CPU usage and because it's not excluded I have to manage multiple hosts in the future. So, I installed snmpd on the machine and left the snmpd.conf as it is. In Cacti, I created three new data sources from SNMP templates for 127.0.0.1 host: ucd/net - CPU Usage - Nice ucd/net - CPU Usage - System ucd/net - CPU Usage - User Then I created a new graph from template ucd/net - CPU Usage, and select the three data sources in the Graph Item Fields section. Graph is now enabled and running, but empty. No data have been collected. Under Console - Devices my SNMP host is listed as up and running: System:Linux ip-xx-xx-xxx-xxx 3.2.0-23-virtual #36-Ubuntu SMP Tue Apr 10 22:29:03 UTC 2012 x86_64 Uptime: 929267 (0 days, 2 hours, 34 minutes) Hostname: ip-xx-xx-xxx-xxx Location: Sitting on the Dock of the Bay Contact: Me [email protected] In SNMP Options I left all as it is: SNMP Version: Version 1 SNMP Community: public SNMP Timeout: 500 ms Maximum OID's Per Get Request: 10 In Console - Utilities - Cacti Log I have multiple warning (two for each data source) every 5 minutes: 10/29/2012 01:45:01 PM - CMDPHP: Poller[0] Host[2] DS[18] WARNING: Result from SNMP not valid. Partial Result: U 10/29/2012 01:45:01 PM - CMDPHP: Poller[0] WARNING: SNMP Get Timeout for Host:'127.0.0.1', and OID:'.1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.4.15.0' 10/29/2012 01:45:01 PM - CMDPHP: Poller[0] Host[1] DS[9] WARNING: Result from SNMP not valid. Partial Result: U 10/29/2012 01:45:01 PM - CMDPHP: Poller[0] WARNING: SNMP Get Timeout for Host:'127.0.0.1', and OID:'.1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.11.52.0' 10/29/2012 01:40:01 PM - CMDPHP: Poller[0] Host[2] DS[19] WARNING: Result from SNMP not valid. Partial Result: U 10/29/2012 01:40:01 PM - CMDPHP: Poller[0] WARNING: SNMP Get Timeout for Host:'127.0.0.1', and OID:'.1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.4.6.0' [...] I have the feeling I'm missing something, but I cannot get it...

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  • Best Practice: Apache File Upload

    - by matnagel
    I am looking for a soultion for trusted users to upload pdf files via html forms (with maybe php involved). This is quite a standard ubuntu linux server with apache 2.x and php 5. I am wonderiung what are the benefits of the apache file upload module. There were no updates for some time, is it actively maintained? What are the advantages over traditional php upload with apache 2 without this module? http://commons.apache.org/fileupload I remember traditional php file upload is difficult with some pitfalls, will the apache file upload module improve the situation? The solution I am looking for will be part of an existing website and be integrated into the admin web frontend. Things I am not considering are webdav, ssh, ftp, ftps, ftp over ssh. Should work with a browser and without installing special client software, so I am asking about a browser based upload without special client side requirements. I can request a modern browser like firefox = 3.5 or modern webkit broser like chrome or safari from the users.

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  • How does a vsftpd server work and how to configure it?

    - by ysap
    I was asked to configure a FTP server, based on the vsftpd package. The server is running on a remote machine to which I have a superuser privilege access. Being unfamiliar with the mechanics of FTP servers, I tried to figure out how user ftp accounts are configured. The previous maintainer used a shell script, which works on a list that we maintain to track users accounts and passwords, to configure the ftp accounts. From reading the script, I see that he generates a list of usernames and passwords, and actually creates a user account on the Linux machine. This means that for each user that we configure in the list, a new user account is being added by the adduser command: adduser --home /home/ftp --no-create-home $user (but w/o a private /home/username directory - using the /home/ftp instaed). Each of these users can log into his account using the ssh command. This fact seems a little strange to me, as I'd think that the ftp account should be decoupled from the Ubuntu user accounts. As another side effect, when a user connects using a web browser, he is connected to the /home/ftp directory. However, he can then use "Up to a higher level directory" link to go up and effectively have access to all of our system. So, the questions are: Is this really how the FTP server supposed to work in terms of configuring ftp accounts? If not, how do I configure the vsftpd server in a way that I have only the superuser Ubuntu account on that machine and all ftp account are... just FTP user accounts? Additionally, these ftp account should be configured in terms of how and what they are allowed to access.

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  • Why the system information message when accessing an Ubuntu server doesn't match free -m?

    - by Andres
    Each time I SSH into my AWS Ubuntu servers I see a system information message, showing load, memory usage and packages available to install, like this: Welcome to Ubuntu 12.04.3 LTS (GNU/Linux 3.2.0-51-virtual x86_64) * Documentation: https://help.ubuntu.com/ System information as of Sun Nov 10 18:06:43 EST 2013 System load: 0.08 Processes: 127 Usage of /: 4.9% of 98.43GB Users logged in: 1 Memory usage: 69% IP address for eth0: 10.236.136.233 Swap usage: 100% Graph this data and manage this system at https://landscape.canonical.com/ 13 packages can be updated. 0 updates are security updates. Get cloud support with Ubuntu Advantage Cloud Guest http://www.ubuntu.com/business/services/cloud Use Juju to deploy your cloud instances and workloads. https://juju.ubuntu.com/#cloud-precise *** /dev/xvda1 will be checked for errors at next reboot *** *** System restart required *** My question is about the memory percentage shown. In this case, it's showing a 69% of memory usage, but since the swap usage was 100% I checked it by myself. So when I run free -m I get this: total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 1652 1635 17 0 4 29 -/+ buffers/cache: 1601 51 Swap: 895 895 0 And that's of course closer to 100% than to 69%

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  • Performance variation

    - by Ree
    During my time spent working with multiple machines, I have noticed that performance of the same machine doing the same tasks in the same order differs and sometimes the difference is big enough to be noticeable. This applies to all the machines I've owned and/or maintained (old and modern). Some examples (many of them you may have noticed yourself) that sometimes are completed in different time frames: POST OS installation Hardware tests and operations (usually executed within a customized OS such as one of the many DOS variants), HDD tests and "low level" formats Software installation or other tasks (such as benchmarks) within a general purpose OS (Windows, Linux, etc) I can imagine this is caused by the fact that a machine is built with many components having to communicate as a whole and since the mechanical and electronic parts aren't perfect the overhead occurs. In the last example, I assume the OS complexity and concurrently running multiple processes has some additional effect as well. However, I'm wondering if this hardware imperfection and overhead is indeed that high to be humanly noticeable? Maybe there are other factors that are influencial as much or even more? So, in short - why? To emphasize: the difference is noticeable on the same machine performing the same tasks and this applies to ANY machine in my experience. I'm not comparing machine to machine performance.

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  • Fedora 16 can connect to samba share using smbclient but not in nautilus 3.2.1

    - by Nathan Jones
    I have a machine running Ubuntu 11.10 Server acting as a Samba server to share my home directory. Everything works fine on my Windows 7 machine, but on my Fedora 16 laptop, if I use Nautilus to try to access the share using smb://192.168.0.8/nathan in the location bar, it just has the loading cursor and does nothing. It never shows any errors, nothing. Using smbclient works just fine, but I'd like to get it working in Nautilus. I know that there can be problems with SELinux and Samba, so I created a file called booleans.local that contains samba_enable_home_dirs=1. My smb.conf file looks like this: # For Unix password sync to work on a Debian GNU/Linux system, the following # parameters must be set (thanks to Ian Kahan <<[email protected]> for # sending the correct chat script for the passwd program in Debian Sarge). passwd program = /usr/bin/passwd %u passwd chat = *Enter\snew\s*\spassword:* %n\n *Retype\snew\s*\spassword:* %n\n *password\supdated\ssuccessfully* . # This boolean controls whether PAM will be used for password changes # when requested by an SMB client instead of the program listed in # 'passwd program'. The default is 'no'. pam password change = yes # This option controls how unsuccessful authentication attempts are mapped # to anonymous connections map to guest = bad user ########## Domains ########### # Is this machine able to authenticate users. Both PDC and BDC # must have this setting enabled. If you are the BDC you must # change the 'domain master' setting to no # ; domain logons = yes # # The following setting only takes effect if 'domain logons' is set # It specifies the location of the user's profile directory # from the client point of view) # The following required a [profiles] share to be setup on the # samba server (see below) ; logon path = \\%N\profiles\%U # Another common choice is storing the profile in the user's home directory # (this is Samba's default) # logon path = \\%N\%U\profile # The following setting only takes effect if 'domain logons' is set # It specifies the location of a user's home directory (from the client # point of view) ; logon drive = H: # logon home = \\%N\%U # The following setting only takes effect if 'domain logons' is set # It specifies the script to run during logon. The script must be stored # in the [netlogon] share # NOTE: Must be store in 'DOS' file format convention ; logon script = logon.cmd # This allows Unix users to be created on the domain controller via the SAMR # RPC pipe. The example command creates a user account with a disabled Unix # password; please adapt to your needs ; add user script = /usr/sbin/adduser --quiet --disabled-password --gecos "" %u # This allows machine accounts to be created on the domain controller via the # SAMR RPC pipe. # The following assumes a "machines" group exists on the system ; add machine script = /usr/sbin/useradd -g machines -c "%u machine account" -d /var/lib/samba -s /bin/false %u # This allows Unix groups to be created on the domain controller via the SAMR # RPC pipe. ; add group script = /usr/sbin/addgroup --force-badname %g ########## Printing ########## # If you want to automatically load your printer list rather # than setting them up individually then you'll need this # load printers = yes # lpr(ng) printing. You may wish to override the location of the # printcap file ; printing = bsd ; printcap name = /etc/printcap # CUPS printing. See also the cupsaddsmb(8) manpage in the # cupsys-client package. ; printing = cups ; printcap name = cups ############ Misc ############ # Using the following line enables you to customise your configuration # on a per machine basis. The %m gets replaced with the netbios name # of the machine that is connecting ; include = /home/samba/etc/smb.conf.%m # Most people will find that this option gives better performance. # See smb.conf(5) and /usr/share/doc/samba-doc/htmldocs/Samba3-HOWTO/speed.html # for details # You may want to add the following on a Linux system: # SO_RCVBUF=8192 SO_SNDBUF=8192 # socket options = TCP_NODELAY # The following parameter is useful only if you have the linpopup package # installed. The samba maintainer and the linpopup maintainer are # working to ease installation and configuration of linpopup and samba. ; message command = /bin/sh -c '/usr/bin/linpopup "%f" "%m" %s; rm %s' & # Domain Master specifies Samba to be the Domain Master Browser. If this # machine will be configured as a BDC (a secondary logon server), you # must set this to 'no'; otherwise, the default behavior is recommended. # domain master = auto # Some defaults for winbind (make sure you're not using the ranges # for something else.) ; idmap uid = 10000-20000 ; idmap gid = 10000-20000 ; template shell = /bin/bash # The following was the default behaviour in sarge, # but samba upstream reverted the default because it might induce # performance issues in large organizations. # See Debian bug #368251 for some of the consequences of *not* # having this setting and smb.conf(5) for details. ; winbind enum groups = yes ; winbind enum users = yes # Setup usershare options to enable non-root users to share folders # with the net usershare command. # Maximum number of usershare. 0 (default) means that usershare is disabled. ; usershare max shares = 100 # Allow users who've been granted usershare privileges to create # public shares, not just authenticated ones usershare allow guests = yes #======================= Share Definitions ======================= # Un-comment the following (and tweak the other settings below to suit) # to enable the default home directory shares. This will share each # user's home director as \\server\username [homes] comment = Home Directories browseable = yes # By default, the home directories are exported read-only. Change the # next parameter to 'no' if you want to be able to write to them. read only = no # File creation mask is set to 0700 for security reasons. If you want to # create files with group=rw permissions, set next parameter to 0775. ; create mask = 0775 # Directory creation mask is set to 0700 for security reasons. If you want to # create dirs. with group=rw permissions, set next parameter to 0775. ; directory mask = 0775 # By default, \\server\username shares can be connected to by anyone # with access to the samba server. Un-comment the following parameter # to make sure that only "username" can connect to \\server\username # The following parameter makes sure that only "username" can connect # # This might need tweaking when using external authentication schemes valid users = %S # Un-comment the following and create the netlogon directory for Domain Logons # (you need to configure Samba to act as a domain controller too.) ;[netlogon] ; comment = Network Logon Service ; path = /home/samba/netlogon ; guest ok = yes ; read only = yes # Un-comment the following and create the profiles directory to store # users profiles (see the "logon path" option above) # (you need to configure Samba to act as a domain controller too.) # The path below should be writable by all users so that their # profile directory may be created the first time they log on ;[profiles] ; comment = Users profiles ; path = /home/samba/profiles ; guest ok = no ; browseable = no ; create mask = 0600 ; directory mask = 0700 [printers] comment = All Printers browseable = no path = /var/spool/samba printable = yes guest ok = no read only = no create mask = 0700 # Windows clients look for this share name as a source of downloadable # printer drivers [print$] comment = Printer Drivers path = /var/lib/samba/printers browseable = yes read only = yes guest ok = no # Uncomment to allow remote administration of Windows print drivers. # You may need to replace 'lpadmin' with the name of the group your # admin users are members of. # Please note that you also need to set appropriate Unix permissions # to the drivers directory for these users to have write rights in it ; write list = root, @lpadmin # A sample share for sharing your CD-ROM with others. ;[cdrom] ; comment = Samba server's CD-ROM ; read only = yes ; locking = no ; path = /cdrom ; guest ok = yes # The next two parameters show how to auto-mount a CD-ROM when the # cdrom share is accesed. For this to work /etc/fstab must contain # an entry like this: # # /dev/scd0 /cdrom iso9660 defaults,noauto,ro,user 0 0 # # The CD-ROM gets unmounted automatically after the connection to the # # If you don't want to use auto-mounting/unmounting make sure the CD # is mounted on /cdrom # ; preexec = /bin/mount /cdrom ; postexec = /bin/umount /cdrom smbusers: <nathan> = <"nathan"> Any help would be very much appreciated! Thanks!

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  • What's up with stat on MacOSX/Darwin? Or filesystems without names...

    - by Charles Stewart
    In response to a question I asked on SO, Give the mount point of a path, one respondant suggested using stat to get the device name associated with the volume of a given path. This works nicely on Linux, but gives crazy results on MacOSX 10.4. For my system, df and mount give: cas cas$ df Filesystem 512-blocks Used Avail Capacity Mounted on /dev/disk0s3 58342896 49924456 7906440 86% / devfs 194 194 0 100% /dev fdesc 2 2 0 100% /dev <volfs> 1024 1024 0 100% /.vol automount -nsl [166] 0 0 0 100% /Network automount -fstab [170] 0 0 0 100% /automount/Servers automount -static [170] 0 0 0 100% /automount/static /dev/disk2s1 163577856 23225520 140352336 14% /Volumes/Snapshot /dev/disk2s2 409404102 5745938 383187960 1% /Volumes/Sparse cas cas$ mount /dev/disk0s3 on / (local, journaled) devfs on /dev (local) fdesc on /dev (union) <volfs> on /.vol automount -nsl [166] on /Network (automounted) automount -fstab [170] on /automount/Servers (automounted) automount -static [170] on /automount/static (automounted) /dev/disk2s1 on /Volumes/Snapshot (local, nodev, nosuid, journaled) /dev/disk2s2 on /Volumes/Sparse (asynchronous, local, nodev, nosuid) Trying to get the devices from the mount points, though: cas cas$ df | grep -e/ | awk '{print $NF}' | while read line; do echo $line $(stat -f"%Sdr" $line); done / disk0s3r /dev ???r /dev ???r /.vol ???r /Network ???r /automount/Servers ???r /automount/static ???r /Volumes/Snapshot disk2s1r /Volumes/Sparse disk2s2r Here, I'm feeding each of the mount points scraped from df to stat, outputting the results of the "%Sdr" format string, which is supposed to be the device name: Cf. stat(1) man page: The special output specifier S may be used to indicate that the output, if applicable, should be in string format. May be used in combination with: ... dr Display actual device name. What's going on? Is it a bug in stat, or some Darwin VFS weirdness? Postscript Per Andrew McGregor, try passing "%Sd" to stat for more weirdness. It lists some apparently arbitrary subset of files from CWD...

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