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• Implementing search functionality with multiple optional parameters against database table.

  - by quarkX

  Hello, I would like to check if there is a preferred design pattern for implementing search functionality with multiple optional parameters against database table where the access to the database should be only via stored procedures. The targeted platform is .Net with SQL 2005, 2008 backend, but I think this is pretty generic problem. For example, we have customer table and we want to provide search functionality to the UI for different parameters, like customer Type, customer State, customer Zip, etc., and all of them are optional and can be selected in any combinations. In other words, the user can search by customerType only or by customerType, customerZIp or any other possible combinations. There are several available design approaches, but all of them have some disadvantages and I would like to ask if there is a preferred design among them or if there is another approach. Generate sql where clause sql statement dynamically in the business tier, based on the search request from the UI, and pass it to a stored procedure as parameter. Something like @Where = ‘where CustomerZip = 111111’ Inside the stored procedure generate dynamic sql statement and execute it with sp_executesql. Disadvantage: dynamic sql, sql injection Implement a stored procedure with multiple input parameters, representing the search fields from the UI, and use the following construction for selecting the records only for the requested fields in the where statement. WHERE (CustomerType = @CustomerType OR @CustomerType is null ) AND (CustomerZip = @CustomerZip OR @CustomerZip is null ) AND ………………………………………… Disadvantage: possible performance issue for the sql. 3.Implement separate stored procedure for each search parameter combinations. Disadvantage: The number of stored procedures will increase rapidly with the increase of the search parameters, repeated code.

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• Problem in data binding in NSString?

  - by Rajendra Bhole

  Hi, I selecting the row of the table. The text of the row i stored in the application delegate object as a NSString. That NSString i want to retrieving or binding in SELECT statement of SQLite query, For that i written code in the TableView Class (void)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView didSelectRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath { selectedText = [appDelegate.categoryArray objectAtIndex:indexPath.row]; appDelegate.selectedTextOfRow = selectedText; ListOfPrayersViewController *listVC = [[ListOfPrayersViewController alloc] init]; [self.navigationController pushViewController:listVC animated:YES]; [listVC release]; } and database class class code is. + (void) getDuas:(NSString *)dbPath{ if(sqlite3_open([dbPath UTF8String], &database) == SQLITE_OK){ SalahAppDelegate *appDelegate = (SalahAppDelegate *)[[UIApplication sharedApplication] delegate]; NSString *categoryTextForQuery =[NSString stringWithFormat:@"SELECT Category FROM Prayer WHERE Category ='%s'", appDelegate.selectedTextOfRow ]; NSLog(@"The Text %@", categoryTextForQuery); //const char *sqlQuery1 = (char *)categoryTextForQuery; //const char *sqlQuery = "SELECT Category FROM Prayer WHERE Category = 'Invocations for the beginning of the prayer'"; sqlite3_stmt *selectstmt; if(sqlite3_prepare_v2(database, [categoryTextForQuery UTF8String], -1, &selectstmt, NULL) == SQLITE_OK){ appDelegate.duasArray =[[NSMutableArray alloc] init]; while(sqlite3_step(selectstmt) == SQLITE_ROW){ NSString *dua = [[NSString alloc] initWithCString:(char *)sqlite3_column_text(selectstmt,0) encoding:NSASCIIStringEncoding]; Prayer *prayerObj = [[Prayer alloc] initwithDuas:dua]; prayerObj.DuaName = dua; [appDelegate.duasArray addObject:prayerObj]; } } } } The code is comes out of loop on the statement or starting the loop of the while(sqlite3_step(selectstmt) == SQLITE_ROW) Why? How i bind the table selected text in SELECT statement of sqlite?

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• byte and short data types in Java can accept the value outside the range by explicit cast. The higher data types however can not. Why?

  - by Lion

  Let's consider the following expressions in Java. byte a = 32; byte b = (byte) 250; int i = a + b; This is valid in Java even though the expression byte b = (byte) 250; is forced to assign the value 250 to b which is outside the range of the type byte. Therefore, b is assigned -6 and consequently i is assigned the value 26 through the statement int i = a + b;. The same thing is possible with short as follows. short s1=(short) 567889999; Although the specified value is outside the range of short, this statement is legal. The same thing is however wrong with higher data types such int, double, folat etc and hence, the following case is invalid and causes a compile-time error. int z=2147483648; This is illegal, since the range of int in Java is from -2,147,483,648 to 2147483647 which the above statement exceeds and issues a compile-time error. Why is such not wrong with byte and short data types in Java?

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• Accessing global variables in a flash[:notice]

  - by Trip

  This is deals_controller.rb. And it works like this, except two things. Not sure how to call Deal.count to add in my flash[:notice] . I get the hunch that its not calling something global. I need that contional statement back, as I'm pretty sure its responsible for actually adding the new @deal . So I assume my syntax is off. Do note, I added an extra 'end' when I uncomment this block. def create -# This will use the disclaimer_ids submitted from the check boxes in the view -# to add/delete deal.disclaimers entries to matched the list of checked boxes. @deal = Deal.new(params[:deal]) -# <------I Need this commented out IF statement back ------- -#if @deal.valid? && @organization.deals << @deal flash[:notice] = 'Your promotion is published! You may find it in the number 1 position of our #{deal.count} previously posted promotions. To see your promotion, click here."' respond_to do |format| format.html { redirect_to organization_deals_path(@organization) } format.js -# I Need this IF Statement Back! -#else -#@disclaimers = Disclaimer.all -#render :action = 'new' end end Thanks!

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• Global Cache CR Requested But Current Block Received

  - by Liu Maclean(???)

  ????????«MINSCN?Cache Fusion Read Consistent» ????,???????????? ??????????????????: SQL> select * from V$version; BANNER -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production PL/SQL Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production CORE 11.2.0.3.0 Production TNS for Linux: Version 11.2.0.3.0 - Production NLSRTL Version 11.2.0.3.0 - Production SQL> select count(*) from gv$instance; COUNT(*) ---------- 2 SQL> select * from global_name; GLOBAL_NAME -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- www.oracledatabase12g.com ?11gR2 2??RAC??????????status???XG,????Xcurrent block???INSTANCE 2?hold?,?????INSTANCE 1?????????,?????: SQL> select * from test; ID ---------- 1 2 SQL> select dbms_rowid.rowid_block_number(rowid),dbms_rowid.rowid_relative_fno(rowid) from test; DBMS_ROWID.ROWID_BLOCK_NUMBER(ROWID) DBMS_ROWID.ROWID_RELATIVE_FNO(ROWID) ------------------------------------ ------------------------------------ 89233 1 89233 1 SQL> alter system flush buffer_cache; System altered. INSTANCE 1 Session A: SQL> update test set id=id+1 where id=1; 1 row updated. INSTANCE 1 Session B: SQL> select state,cr_scn_bas from x$bh where file#=1 and dbablk=89233 and state!=0; STATE CR_SCN_BAS ---------- ---------- 1 0 3 1755287 SQL> oradebug setmypid; Statement processed. SQL> oradebug dump gc_elements 255; Statement processed. SQL> oradebug tracefile_name; /s01/orabase/diag/rdbms/vprod/VPROD1/trace/VPROD1_ora_19111.trc GLOBAL CACHE ELEMENT DUMP (address: 0xa4ff3080): id1: 0x15c91 id2: 0x1 pkey: OBJ#76896 block: (1/89233) lock: X rls: 0x0 acq: 0x0 latch: 3 flags: 0x20 fair: 0 recovery: 0 fpin: 'kdswh11: kdst_fetch' bscn: 0x0.146e20 bctx: (nil) write: 0 scan: 0x0 lcp: (nil) lnk: [NULL] lch: [0xa9f6a6f8,0xa9f6a6f8] seq: 32 hist: 58 145:0 118 66 144:0 192 352 197 48 121 113 424 180 58 LIST OF BUFFERS LINKED TO THIS GLOBAL CACHE ELEMENT: flg: 0x02000001 lflg: 0x1 state: XCURRENT tsn: 0 tsh: 2 addr: 0xa9f6a5c8 obj: 76896 cls: DATA bscn: 0x0.1ac898 BH (0xa9f6a5c8) file#: 1 rdba: 0x00415c91 (1/89233) class: 1 ba: 0xa9e56000 set: 5 pool: 3 bsz: 8192 bsi: 0 sflg: 3 pwc: 0,15 dbwrid: 0 obj: 76896 objn: 76896 tsn: 0 afn: 1 hint: f hash: [0x91f4e970,0xbae9d5b8] lru: [0x91f58848,0xa9f6a828] lru-flags: debug_dump obj-flags: object_ckpt_list ckptq: [0x9df6d1d8,0xa9f6a740] fileq: [0xa2ece670,0xbdf4ed68] objq: [0xb4964e00,0xb4964e00] objaq: [0xb4964de0,0xb4964de0] st: XCURRENT md: NULL fpin: 'kdswh11: kdst_fetch' tch: 2 le: 0xa4ff3080 flags: buffer_dirty redo_since_read LRBA: [0x19.5671.0] LSCN: [0x0.1ac898] HSCN: [0x0.1ac898] HSUB: [1] buffer tsn: 0 rdba: 0x00415c91 (1/89233) scn: 0x0000.001ac898 seq: 0x01 flg: 0x00 tail: 0xc8980601 frmt: 0x02 chkval: 0x0000 type: 0x06=trans data ??????block: (1/89233)?GLOBAL CACHE ELEMENT DUMP?LOCK????X ??XG , ??????Current Block????Instance??modify???,????????????? ????Instance 2 ????: Instance 2 Session C: SQL> update test set id=id+1 where id=2; 1 row updated. Instance 2 Session D: SQL> select state,cr_scn_bas from x$bh where file#=1 and dbablk=89233 and state!=0; STATE CR_SCN_BAS ---------- ---------- 1 0 3 1756658 SQL> oradebug setmypid; Statement processed. SQL> oradebug dump gc_elements 255; Statement processed. SQL> oradebug tracefile_name; /s01/orabase/diag/rdbms/vprod/VPROD2/trace/VPROD2_ora_13038.trc GLOBAL CACHE ELEMENT DUMP (address: 0x89fb25a0): id1: 0x15c91 id2: 0x1 pkey: OBJ#76896 block: (1/89233) lock: XG rls: 0x0 acq: 0x0 latch: 3 flags: 0x20 fair: 0 recovery: 0 fpin: 'kduwh01: kdusru' bscn: 0x0.1acdf3 bctx: (nil) write: 0 scan: 0x0 lcp: (nil) lnk: [NULL] lch: [0x96f4cf80,0x96f4cf80] seq: 61 hist: 324 21 143:0 19 16 352 329 144:6 14 7 352 197 LIST OF BUFFERS LINKED TO THIS GLOBAL CACHE ELEMENT: flg: 0x0a000001 state: XCURRENT tsn: 0 tsh: 1 addr: 0x96f4ce50 obj: 76896 cls: DATA bscn: 0x0.1acdf6 BH (0x96f4ce50) file#: 1 rdba: 0x00415c91 (1/89233) class: 1 ba: 0x96bd4000 set: 5 pool: 3 bsz: 8192 bsi: 0 sflg: 2 pwc: 0,15 dbwrid: 0 obj: 76896 objn: 76896 tsn: 0 afn: 1 hint: f hash: [0x96ee1fe8,0xbae9d5b8] lru: [0x96f4d0b0,0x96f4cdc0] obj-flags: object_ckpt_list ckptq: [0xbdf519b8,0x96f4d5a8] fileq: [0xbdf519d8,0xbdf519d8] objq: [0xb4a47b90,0xb4a47b90] objaq: [0x96f4d0e8,0xb4a47b70] st: XCURRENT md: NULL fpin: 'kduwh01: kdusru' tch: 1 le: 0x89fb25a0 flags: buffer_dirty redo_since_read remote_transfered LRBA: [0x11.9e18.0] LSCN: [0x0.1acdf6] HSCN: [0x0.1acdf6] HSUB: [1] buffer tsn: 0 rdba: 0x00415c91 (1/89233) scn: 0x0000.001acdf6 seq: 0x01 flg: 0x00 tail: 0xcdf60601 frmt: 0x02 chkval: 0x0000 type: 0x06=trans data GCS CLIENT 0x89fb2618,6 resp[(nil),0x15c91.1] pkey 76896.0 grant 2 cvt 0 mdrole 0x42 st 0x100 lst 0x20 GRANTQ rl G0 master 1 owner 2 sid 0 remote[(nil),0] hist 0x94121c601163423c history 0x3c.0x4.0xd.0xb.0x1.0xc.0x7.0x9.0x14.0x1. cflag 0x0 sender 1 flags 0x0 replay# 0 abast (nil).x0.1 dbmap (nil) disk: 0x0000.00000000 write request: 0x0000.00000000 pi scn: 0x0000.00000000 sq[(nil),(nil)] msgseq 0x1 updseq 0x0 reqids[6,0,0] infop (nil) lockseq x2b8 pkey 76896.0 hv 93 [stat 0x0, 1->1, wm 32768, RMno 0, reminc 18, dom 0] kjga st 0x4, step 0.0.0, cinc 20, rmno 6, flags 0x0 lb 0, hb 0, myb 15250, drmb 15250, apifrz 0 ?Instance 2??????block: (1/89233)? GLOBAL CACHE ELEMENT Lock Convert?lock: XG ????GC_ELEMENTS DUMP???XCUR Cache Fusion?,???????X$ VIEW,??? X$LE X$KJBR X$KJBL, ???X$ VIEW???????????????????: INSTANCE 2 Session D: SELECT * FROM x$le WHERE le_addr IN (SELECT le_addr FROM x$bh WHERE obj IN (SELECT data_object_id FROM dba_objects WHERE owner = 'SYS' AND object_name = 'TEST') AND class = 1 AND state != 3); ADDR INDX INST_ID LE_ADDR LE_ID1 LE_ID2 ---------------- ---------- ---------- ---------------- ---------- ---------- LE_RLS LE_ACQ LE_FLAGS LE_MODE LE_WRITE LE_LOCAL LE_RECOVERY ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------- LE_BLKS LE_TIME LE_KJBL ---------- ---------- ---------------- 00007F94CA14CF60 7003 2 0000000089FB25A0 89233 1 0 0 32 2 0 1 0 1 0 0000000089FB2618 PCM Resource NAME?[ID1][ID2],[BL]???, ID1?ID2 ??blockno? fileno????, ??????????GC_elements dump?? id1: 0x15c91 id2: 0×1 pkey: OBJ#76896 block: (1/89233)?? ,?  kjblname ? kjbrname ??”[0x15c91][0x1],[BL]” ??: INSTANCE 2 Session D: SQL> set linesize 80 pagesize 1400 SQL> SELECT * 2 FROM x$kjbl l 3 WHERE l.kjblname LIKE '%[0x15c91][0x1],[BL]%'; ADDR INDX INST_ID KJBLLOCKP KJBLGRANT KJBLREQUE ---------------- ---------- ---------- ---------------- --------- --------- KJBLROLE KJBLRESP KJBLNAME ---------- ---------------- ------------------------------ KJBLNAME2 KJBLQUEUE ------------------------------ ---------- KJBLLOCKST KJBLWRITING ---------------------------------------------------------------- ----------- KJBLREQWRITE KJBLOWNER KJBLMASTER KJBLBLOCKED KJBLBLOCKER KJBLSID KJBLRDOMID ------------ ---------- ---------- ----------- ----------- ---------- ---------- KJBLPKEY ---------- 00007F94CA22A288 451 2 0000000089FB2618 KJUSEREX KJUSERNL 0 00 [0x15c91][0x1],[BL][ext 0x0,0x 89233,1,BL 0 GRANTED 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 76896 SQL> SELECT r.* FROM x$kjbr r WHERE r.kjbrname LIKE '%[0x15c91][0x1],[BL]%'; no rows selected Instance 1 session B: SQL> SELECT r.* FROM x$kjbr r WHERE r.kjbrname LIKE '%[0x15c91][0x1],[BL]%'; ADDR INDX INST_ID KJBRRESP KJBRGRANT KJBRNCVL ---------------- ---------- ---------- ---------------- --------- --------- KJBRROLE KJBRNAME KJBRMASTER KJBRGRANTQ ---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ---------------- KJBRCVTQ KJBRWRITER KJBRSID KJBRRDOMID KJBRPKEY ---------------- ---------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- 00007F801ACA68F8 1355 1 00000000B5A62AE0 KJUSEREX KJUSERNL 0 [0x15c91][0x1],[BL][ext 0x0,0x 0 00000000B48BB330 00 00 0 0 76896 ??????Instance 1???block: (1/89233),??????Instance 2 build cr block ????Instance 1, ?????????? ????? Instance 1? Foreground Process ? Instance 2?LMS??????RAC  TRACE: Instance 2: [oracle@vrh2 ~]$ ps -ef|grep ora_lms|grep -v grep oracle 23364 1 0 Apr29 ? 00:33:15 ora_lms0_VPROD2 SQL> oradebug setospid 23364 Oracle pid: 13, Unix process pid: 23364, image: [email protected] (LMS0) SQL> oradebug event 10046 trace name context forever,level 8:10708 trace name context forever,level 103: trace[rac.*] disk high; Statement processed. SQL> oradebug tracefile_name /s01/orabase/diag/rdbms/vprod/VPROD2/trace/VPROD2_lms0_23364.trc Instance 1 session B : SQL> select state,cr_scn_bas from x$bh where file#=1 and dbablk=89233 and state!=0; STATE CR_SCN_BAS ---------- ---------- 3 1756658 3 1756661 3 1755287 Instance 1 session A : SQL> alter session set events '10046 trace name context forever,level 8:10708 trace name context forever,level 103: trace[rac.*] disk high'; Session altered. SQL> select * from test; ID ---------- 2 2 SQL> select state,cr_scn_bas from x$bh where file#=1 and dbablk=89233 and state!=0; STATE CR_SCN_BAS ---------- ---------- 3 1761520 ?x$BH?????,???????Instance 1???build??CR block,????? TRACE ??: Instance 1 foreground Process: PARSING IN CURSOR #140336527348792 len=18 dep=0 uid=0 oct=3 lid=0 tim=1335939136125254 hv=1689401402 ad='b1a4c828' sqlid='c99yw1xkb4f1u' select * from test END OF STMT PARSE #140336527348792:c=2999,e=2860,p=0,cr=0,cu=0,mis=1,r=0,dep=0,og=1,plh=1357081020,tim=1335939136125253 EXEC #140336527348792:c=0,e=40,p=0,cr=0,cu=0,mis=0,r=0,dep=0,og=1,plh=1357081020,tim=1335939136125373 WAIT #140336527348792: nam='SQL*Net message to client' ela= 6 driver id=1650815232 #bytes=1 p3=0 obj#=0 tim=1335939136125420 *** 2012-05-02 02:12:16.125 kclscrs: req=0 block=1/89233 2012-05-02 02:12:16.125574 : kjbcro[0x15c91.1 76896.0][4] *** 2012-05-02 02:12:16.125 kclscrs: req=0 typ=nowait-abort *** 2012-05-02 02:12:16.125 kclscrs: bid=1:3:1:0:f:1e:0:0:10:0:0:0:1:2:4:1:20:0:0:0:c3:49:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:4:3:2:1:2:0:1c:0:4d:26:a3:52:0:0:0:0:c7:c:ca:62:c3:49:0:0:0:0:1:0:14:8e:47:76:1:2:dc:5:a9:fe:17:75:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:99:ed:0:0:0:0:0:0:10:0:0:0 2012-05-02 02:12:16.125718 : kjbcro[0x15c91.1 76896.0][4] 2012-05-02 02:12:16.125751 : GSIPC:GMBQ: buff 0xba0ee018, queue 0xbb79a7b8, pool 0x60013fa0, freeq 0, nxt 0xbb79a7b8, prv 0xbb79a7b8 2012-05-02 02:12:16.125780 : kjbsentscn[0x0.1ae0f0][to 2] 2012-05-02 02:12:16.125806 : GSIPC:SENDM: send msg 0xba0ee088 dest x20001 seq 177740 type 36 tkts xff0000 mlen x1680198 2012-05-02 02:12:16.125918 : kjbmscr(0x15c91.1)reqid=0x8(req 0xa4ff30f8)(rinst 1)hldr 2(infosz 200)(lseq x2b8) 2012-05-02 02:12:16.126959 : GSIPC:KSXPCB: msg 0xba0ee088 status 30, type 36, dest 2, rcvr 1 *** 2012-05-02 02:12:16.127 kclwcrs: wait=0 tm=1233 *** 2012-05-02 02:12:16.127 kclwcrs: got 1 blocks from ksxprcv WAIT #140336527348792: nam='gc cr block 2-way' ela= 1233 p1=1 p2=89233 p3=1 obj#=76896 tim=1335939136127199 2012-05-02 02:12:16.127272 : kjbcrcomplete[0x15c91.1 76896.0][0] 2012-05-02 02:12:16.127309 : kjbrcvdscn[0x0.1ae0f0][from 2][idx 2012-05-02 02:12:16.127329 : kjbrcvdscn[no bscn <= rscn 0x0.1ae0f0][from 2] ???? kjbcro[0x15c91.1 76896.0][4] kjbsentscn[0x0.1ae0f0][to 2] ?Instance 2??SCN=1ae0f0=1761520? block: (1/89233),???’gc cr block 2-way’ ??,?????????CR block? Instance 2 LMS TRACE 2012-05-02 02:12:15.634057 : GSIPC:RCVD: ksxp msg 0x7f16e1598588 sndr 1 seq 0.177740 type 36 tkts 0 2012-05-02 02:12:15.634094 : GSIPC:RCVD: watq msg 0x7f16e1598588 sndr 1, seq 177740, type 36, tkts 0 2012-05-02 02:12:15.634108 : GSIPC:TKT: collect msg 0x7f16e1598588 from 1 for rcvr -1, tickets 0 2012-05-02 02:12:15.634162 : kjbrcvdscn[0x0.1ae0f0][from 1][idx 2012-05-02 02:12:15.634186 : kjbrcvdscn[no bscn1, wm 32768, RMno 0, reminc 18, dom 0] kjga st 0x4, step 0.0.0, cinc 20, rmno 6, flags 0x0 lb 0, hb 0, myb 15250, drmb 15250, apifrz 0 GCS CLIENT END 2012-05-02 02:12:15.635211 : kjbdowncvt[0x15c91.1 76896.0][1][options x0] 2012-05-02 02:12:15.635230 : GSIPC:AMBUF: rcv buff 0x7f16e1c56420, pool rcvbuf, rqlen 1103 2012-05-02 02:12:15.635308 : GSIPC:GPBMSG: new bmsg 0x7f16e1c56490 mb 0x7f16e1c56420 msg 0x7f16e1c564b0 mlen 152 dest x101 flushsz -1 2012-05-02 02:12:15.635334 : kjbmslset(0x15c91.1)) seq 0x4 reqid=0x6 (shadow 0xb48bb330.xb)(rsn 2)(mas@1) 2012-05-02 02:12:15.635355 : GSIPC:SPBMSG: send bmsg 0x7f16e1c56490 blen 184 msg 0x7f16e1c564b0 mtype 33 attr|dest x30101 bsz|fsz x1ffff 2012-05-02 02:12:15.635377 : GSIPC:SNDQ: enq msg 0x7f16e1c56490, type 65521 seq 118669, inst 1, receiver 1, queued 1 *** 2012-05-02 02:12:15.635 kclccctx: cleanup copy 0x7f16e1d94798 2012-05-02 02:12:15.635479 : [kjmpmsgi:compl][type 36][msg 0x7f16e1598588][seq 177740.0][qtime 0][ptime 1257] 2012-05-02 02:12:15.635511 : GSIPC:BSEND: flushing sndq 0xb491dd28, id 1, dcx 0xbc516778, inst 1, rcvr 1 qlen 0 1 2012-05-02 02:12:15.635536 : GSIPC:BSEND: no batch1 msg 0x7f16e1c56490 type 65521 len 184 dest (1:1) 2012-05-02 02:12:15.635557 : kjbsentscn[0x0.1ae0f1][to 1] 2012-05-02 02:12:15.635578 : GSIPC:SENDM: send msg 0x7f16e1c56490 dest x10001 seq 118669 type 65521 tkts x10002 mlen xb800e8 WAIT #0: nam='gcs remote message' ela= 180 waittime=1 poll=0 event=0 obj#=0 tim=1335939135635819 2012-05-02 02:12:15.635853 : GSIPC:RCVD: ksxp msg 0x7f16e167e0b0 sndr 1 seq 0.177741 type 32 tkts 0 2012-05-02 02:12:15.635875 : GSIPC:RCVD: watq msg 0x7f16e167e0b0 sndr 1, seq 177741, type 32, tkts 0 2012-05-02 02:12:15.636012 : GSIPC:TKT: collect msg 0x7f16e167e0b0 from 1 for rcvr -1, tickets 0 2012-05-02 02:12:15.636040 : kjbrcvdscn[0x0.1ae0f1][from 1][idx 2012-05-02 02:12:15.636060 : kjbrcvdscn[no bscn <= rscn 0x0.1ae0f1][from 1] 2012-05-02 02:12:15.636082 : GSIPC:TKT: dest (1:1) rtkt not acked 1  unassigned bufs 0  tkts 0  newbufs 0 2012-05-02 02:12:15.636102 : GSIPC:TKT: remove ctx dest (1:1) 2012-05-02 02:12:15.636125 : [kjmxmpm][type 32][seq 0.177741][msg 0x7f16e167e0b0][from 1] 2012-05-02 02:12:15.636146 : kjbmpocr(0xb0.6)seq 0x1,reqid=0x23a,(client 0x9fff7b58,0x1)(from 1)(lseq xdf0) 2????LMS????????? ??gcs remote message GSIPC ????SCN=[0x0.1ae0f0] block=1/89233???,??BAST kjbmpbast(0x15c91.1),?? block=1/89233??????? ??fairness??(?11.2.0.3???_fairness_threshold=2),?current block?KCL: F156: fairness downconvert,?Xcurrent DownConvert? Scurrent: Instance 2: SQL> select state,cr_scn_bas from x$bh where file#=1 and dbablk=89233 and state!=0; STATE CR_SCN_BAS ---------- ---------- 2 0 3 1756658 ??Instance 2 LMS ?cr block??? kjbmslset(0x15c91.1)) ????SEND QUEUE GSIPC:SNDQ: enq msg 0x7f16e1c56490? ???????Instance 1???? block: (1/89233)??? ??????: Instance 2: SQL> select CURRENT_RESULTS,LIGHT_WORKS from v$cr_block_server; CURRENT_RESULTS LIGHT_WORKS --------------- ----------- 29273 437 Instance 1 session A: SQL> SQL> select * from test; ID ---------- 2 2 SQL> select state,cr_scn_bas from x$bh where file#=1 and dbablk=89233 and state!=0; STATE CR_SCN_BAS ---------- ---------- 3 1761942 3 1761932 1 0 3 1761520 Instance 2: SQL> select CURRENT_RESULTS,LIGHT_WORKS from v$cr_block_server; CURRENT_RESULTS LIGHT_WORKS --------------- ----------- 29274 437 select * from test END OF STMT PARSE #140336529675592:c=0,e=337,p=0,cr=0,cu=0,mis=0,r=0,dep=0,og=1,plh=1357081020,tim=1335939668940051 EXEC #140336529675592:c=0,e=96,p=0,cr=0,cu=0,mis=0,r=0,dep=0,og=1,plh=1357081020,tim=1335939668940204 WAIT #140336529675592: nam='SQL*Net message to client' ela= 5 driver id=1650815232 #bytes=1 p3=0 obj#=0 tim=1335939668940348 *** 2012-05-02 02:21:08.940 kclscrs: req=0 block=1/89233 2012-05-02 02:21:08.940676 : kjbcro[0x15c91.1 76896.0][5] *** 2012-05-02 02:21:08.940 kclscrs: req=0 typ=nowait-abort *** 2012-05-02 02:21:08.940 kclscrs: bid=1:3:1:0:f:21:0:0:10:0:0:0:1:2:4:1:20:0:0:0:c3:49:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:4:3:2:1:2:0:1f:0:4d:26:a3:52:0:0:0:0:c7:c:ca:62:c3:49:0:0:0:0:1:0:17:8e:47:76:1:2:dc:5:a9:fe:17:75:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:99:ed:0:0:0:0:0:0:10:0:0:0 2012-05-02 02:21:08.940799 : kjbcro[0x15c91.1 76896.0][5] 2012-05-02 02:21:08.940833 : GSIPC:GMBQ: buff 0xba0ee018, queue 0xbb79a7b8, pool 0x60013fa0, freeq 0, nxt 0xbb79a7b8, prv 0xbb79a7b8 2012-05-02 02:21:08.940859 : kjbsentscn[0x0.1ae28c][to 2] 2012-05-02 02:21:08.940870 : GSIPC:SENDM: send msg 0xba0ee088 dest x20001 seq 177810 type 36 tkts xff0000 mlen x1680198 2012-05-02 02:21:08.940976 : kjbmscr(0x15c91.1)reqid=0xa(req 0xa4ff30f8)(rinst 1)hldr 2(infosz 200)(lseq x2b8) 2012-05-02 02:21:08.941314 : GSIPC:KSXPCB: msg 0xba0ee088 status 30, type 36, dest 2, rcvr 1 *** 2012-05-02 02:21:08.941 kclwcrs: wait=0 tm=707 *** 2012-05-02 02:21:08.941 kclwcrs: got 1 blocks from ksxprcv 2012-05-02 02:21:08.941818 : kjbassume[0x15c91.1][sender 2][mymode x1][myrole x0][srole x0][flgs x0][spiscn 0x0.0][swscn 0x0.0] 2012-05-02 02:21:08.941852 : kjbrcvdscn[0x0.1ae28d][from 2][idx 2012-05-02 02:21:08.941871 : kjbrcvdscn[no bscn ??????????????SCN=[0x0.1ae28c]=1761932 Version?CR block, ????receive????Xcurrent Block??SCN=1ae28d=1761933,Instance 1???Xcurrent Block???build????????SCN=1761932?CR BLOCK, ????????Current block,?????????'gc current block 2-way'? ?????????????request current block,?????kjbcro;?????Instance 2?LMS???????Current Block: Instance 2 LMS trace: 2012-05-02 02:21:08.448743 : GSIPC:RCVD: ksxp msg 0x7f16e14a4398 sndr 1 seq 0.177810 type 36 tkts 0 2012-05-02 02:21:08.448778 : GSIPC:RCVD: watq msg 0x7f16e14a4398 sndr 1, seq 177810, type 36, tkts 0 2012-05-02 02:21:08.448798 : GSIPC:TKT: collect msg 0x7f16e14a4398 from 1 for rcvr -1, tickets 0 2012-05-02 02:21:08.448816 : kjbrcvdscn[0x0.1ae28c][from 1][idx 2012-05-02 02:21:08.448834 : kjbrcvdscn[no bscn <= rscn 0x0.1ae28c][from 1] 2012-05-02 02:21:08.448857 : GSIPC:TKT: dest (1:1) rtkt not acked 2  unassigned bufs 0  tkts 0  newbufs 0 2012-05-02 02:21:08.448875 : GSIPC:TKT: remove ctx dest (1:1) 2012-05-02 02:21:08.448970 : [kjmxmpm][type 36][seq 0.177810][msg 0x7f16e14a4398][from 1] 2012-05-02 02:21:08.448993 : kjbmpbast(0x15c91.1) reqid=0x6 (req 0xa4ff30f8)(reqinst 1)(reqid 10)(flags x0) *** 2012-05-02 02:21:08.449 kclcrrf: req=48054 block=1/89233 *** 2012-05-02 02:21:08.449 kcl_compress_block: compressed: 6 free space: 7680 2012-05-02 02:21:08.449085 : kjbsentscn[0x0.1ae28d][to 1] 2012-05-02 02:21:08.449142 : kjbdeliver[to 1][0xa4ff30f8][10][current 1] 2012-05-02 02:21:08.449164 : kjbmssch(reqlock 0xa4ff30f8,10)(to 1)(bsz 344) 2012-05-02 02:21:08.449183 : GSIPC:AMBUF: rcv buff 0x7f16e18bcec8, pool rcvbuf, rqlen 1102 *** 2012-05-02 02:21:08.449 kclccctx: cleanup copy 0x7f16e1d94838 *** 2012-05-02 02:21:08.449 kcltouched: touch seconds 3271 *** 2012-05-02 02:21:08.449 kclgrantlk: req=48054 2012-05-02 02:21:08.449347 : [kjmpmsgi:compl][type 36][msg 0x7f16e14a4398][seq 177810.0][qtime 0][ptime 1119] WAIT #0: nam='gcs remote message' ela= 568 waittime=1 poll=0 event=0 obj#=0 tim=1335939668449962 2012-05-02 02:21:08.450001 : GSIPC:RCVD: ksxp msg 0x7f16e1bb22a0 sndr 1 seq 0.177811 type 32 tkts 0 2012-05-02 02:21:08.450024 : GSIPC:RCVD: watq msg 0x7f16e1bb22a0 sndr 1, seq 177811, type 32, tkts 0 2012-05-02 02:21:08.450043 : GSIPC:TKT: collect msg 0x7f16e1bb22a0 from 1 for rcvr -1, tickets 0 2012-05-02 02:21:08.450060 : kjbrcvdscn[0x0.1ae28e][from 1][idx 2012-05-02 02:21:08.450078 : kjbrcvdscn[no bscn <= rscn 0x0.1ae28e][from 1] 2012-05-02 02:21:08.450097 : GSIPC:TKT: dest (1:1) rtkt not acked 3  unassigned bufs 0  tkts 0  newbufs 0 2012-05-02 02:21:08.450116 : GSIPC:TKT: remove ctx dest (1:1) 2012-05-02 02:21:08.450136 : [kjmxmpm][type 32][seq 0.177811][msg 0x7f16e1bb22a0][from 1] 2012-05-02 02:21:08.450155 : kjbmpocr(0xb0.6)seq 0x1,reqid=0x23e,(client 0x9fff7b58,0x1)(from 1)(lseq xdf4) ???Instance 2??LMS???,???build cr block,??????Instance 1?????Current Block??????Instance 2??v$cr_block_server??????LIGHT_WORKS?????current block transfer??????,??????? CR server? Light Work Rule(Light Work Rule?8i Cr Server?????????,?Remote LMS?? build CR????????,resource holder?LMS???????block,????CR build If creating the consistent read version block involves too much work (such as reading blocks from disk), then the holder sends the block to the requestor, and the requestor completes the CR fabrication. The holder maintains a fairness counter of CR requests. After the fairness threshold is reached, the holder downgrades it to lock mode.)? ??????? CR Request ????Current Block?? ???:??????class?block,CR server??????? ??undo block?? undo header block?CR quest, LMS????Current Block, ????? ???? ??????? block cleanout? CR  Version??????? ???????? data blocks, ??????? CR quest  & CR received?(???????Light Work Rule,LMS"??"), ??Current Block??DownConvert???S lock,??LMS???????ship??current version?block? ??????? , ?????? ,???????DownConvert?????”_fairness_threshold“???200,????Xcurrent Block?????Scurrent, ????LMS?????Current Version?Data Block: SQL> show parameter fair NAME TYPE VALUE ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------ _fairness_threshold integer 200 Instance 1: SQL> update test set id=id+1 where id=4; 1 row updated. Instance 2: SQL> update test set id=id+1 where id=2; 1 row updated. SQL> select state,cr_scn_bas from x$bh where file#=1 and dbablk=89233 and state!=0; STATE CR_SCN_BAS ---------- ---------- 1 0 3 1838166 ?Instance 1? ????,? ??instance 2? v$cr_block_server?? instance 1 SQL> select * from test; ID ---------- 10 3 instance 2: SQL> select state,cr_scn_bas from x$bh where file#=1 and dbablk=89233 and state!=0; STATE CR_SCN_BAS ---------- ---------- 1 0 3 1883707 8 0 SQL> select * from test; ID ---------- 10 3 SQL> select state,cr_scn_bas from x$bh where file#=1 and dbablk=89233 and state!=0; STATE CR_SCN_BAS ---------- ---------- 1 0 3 1883707 8 0 ................... SQL> / STATE CR_SCN_BAS ---------- ---------- 2 0 3 1883707 3 1883695 repeat cr request on Instance 1 SQL> / STATE CR_SCN_BAS ---------- ---------- 8 0 3 1883707 3 1883695 ??????_fairness_threshold????????,?????200 ????????CR serve??Downgrade?lock, ????data block? CR Request????Receive? Current Block?

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• If the model is validating the data, shouldn't it throw exceptions on bad input?

  - by Carlos Campderrós

  Reading this SO question it seems that throwing exceptions for validating user input is frowned upon. But who should validate this data? In my applications, all validations are done in the business layer, because only the class itself really knows which values are valid for each one of its properties. If I were to copy the rules for validating a property to the controller, it is possible that the validation rules change and now there are two places where the modification should be made. Is my premise that validation should be done on the business layer wrong? What I do So my code usually ends up like this: <?php class Person { private $name; private $age; public function setName($n) { $n = trim($n); if (mb_strlen($n) == 0) { throw new ValidationException("Name cannot be empty"); } $this->name = $n; } public function setAge($a) { if (!is_int($a)) { if (!ctype_digit(trim($a))) { throw new ValidationException("Age $a is not valid"); } $a = (int)$a; } if ($a < 0 || $a > 150) { throw new ValidationException("Age $a is out of bounds"); } $this->age = $a; } // other getters, setters and methods } In the controller, I just pass the input data to the model, and catch thrown exceptions to show the error(s) to the user: <?php $person = new Person(); $errors = array(); // global try for all exceptions other than ValidationException try { // validation and process (if everything ok) try { $person->setAge($_POST['age']); } catch (ValidationException $e) { $errors['age'] = $e->getMessage(); } try { $person->setName($_POST['name']); } catch (ValidationException $e) { $errors['name'] = $e->getMessage(); } ... } catch (Exception $e) { // log the error, send 500 internal server error to the client // and finish the request } if (count($errors) == 0) { // process } else { showErrorsToUser($errors); } Is this a bad methodology? Alternate method Should maybe I create methods for isValidAge($a) that return true/false and then call them from the controller? <?php class Person { private $name; private $age; public function setName($n) { $n = trim($n); if ($this->isValidName($n)) { $this->name = $n; } else { throw new Exception("Invalid name"); } } public function setAge($a) { if ($this->isValidAge($a)) { $this->age = $a; } else { throw new Exception("Invalid age"); } } public function isValidName($n) { $n = trim($n); if (mb_strlen($n) == 0) { return false; } return true; } public function isValidAge($a) { if (!is_int($a)) { if (!ctype_digit(trim($a))) { return false; } $a = (int)$a; } if ($a < 0 || $a > 150) { return false; } return true; } // other getters, setters and methods } And the controller will be basically the same, just instead of try/catch there are now if/else: <?php $person = new Person(); $errors = array(); if ($person->isValidAge($age)) { $person->setAge($age); } catch (Exception $e) { $errors['age'] = "Invalid age"; } if ($person->isValidName($name)) { $person->setName($name); } catch (Exception $e) { $errors['name'] = "Invalid name"; } ... if (count($errors) == 0) { // process } else { showErrorsToUser($errors); } So, what should I do? I'm pretty happy with my original method, and my colleagues to whom I have showed it in general have liked it. Despite this, should I change to the alternate method? Or am I doing this terribly wrong and I should look for another way?

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• android client not working [migrated]

  - by Syeda Zunairah

  i have a java client and c# server the server code is static Socket listeningSocket; static Socket socket; static Thread thrReadRequest; static int iPort = 4444; static int iConnectionQueue = 100; static void Main(string[] args) { Console.WriteLine(IPAddress.Parse(getLocalIPAddress()).ToString()); try { listeningSocket = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp); //listeningSocket.Bind(new IPEndPoint(0, iPort)); listeningSocket.Bind(new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Parse(getLocalIPAddress()), iPort)); listeningSocket.Listen(iConnectionQueue); thrReadRequest = new Thread(new ThreadStart(getRequest)); thrReadRequest.Start(); } catch (Exception e) { Console.WriteLine("Winsock error: " + e.ToString()); //throw; } } static private void getRequest() { int i = 0; while (true) { i++; Console.WriteLine("Outside Try i = {0}", i.ToString()); try { socket = listeningSocket.Accept(); // Receiving //byte[] rcvLenBytes = new byte[4]; //socket.Receive(rcvLenBytes); //int rcvLen = System.BitConverter.ToInt32(rcvLenBytes, 0); //byte[] rcvBytes = new byte[rcvLen]; //socket.Receive(rcvBytes); //String formattedBuffer = System.Text.Encoding.ASCII.GetString(rcvBytes); byte[] buffer = new byte[socket.SendBufferSize]; int iBufferLength = socket.Receive(buffer, 0, buffer.Length, 0); Console.WriteLine("Received {0}", iBufferLength); Array.Resize(ref buffer, iBufferLength); string formattedBuffer = Encoding.ASCII.GetString(buffer); Console.WriteLine("Data received by Client: {0}", formattedBuffer); if (formattedBuffer == "quit") { socket.Close(); listeningSocket.Close(); Environment.Exit(0); } Console.WriteLine("Inside Try i = {0}", i.ToString()); Thread.Sleep(500); } catch (Exception e) { //socket.Close(); Console.WriteLine("Receiving error: " + e.ToString()); Console.ReadKey(); //throw; } finally { socket.Close(); //listeningsocket.close(); } } } static private string getLocalIPAddress() { IPHostEntry host; string localIP = ""; host = Dns.GetHostEntry(Dns.GetHostName()); foreach (IPAddress ip in host.AddressList) { if (ip.AddressFamily == AddressFamily.InterNetwork) { localIP = ip.ToString(); break; } } return localIP; } } and the jave android code is private TCPClient mTcpClient; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); final EditText editText = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.edit_message); Button send = (Button)findViewById(R.id.sendbutton); // connect to the server new connectTask().execute(""); send.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View view) { String message = editText.getText().toString(); //sends the message to the server if (mTcpClient != null) { mTcpClient.sendMessage(message); } editText.setText(""); } }); } @Override public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) { getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.main, menu); return true; } public class connectTask extends AsyncTask<String,String,TCPClient> { @Override protected TCPClient doInBackground(String... message) { mTcpClient = new TCPClient(new TCPClient.OnMessageReceived() { @Override public void messageReceived(String message) { publishProgress(message); } }); mTcpClient.run(); return null; } @Override protected void onProgressUpdate(String... values) { super.onProgressUpdate(values); } } } when i run the server it gives output of try i=1. can any one tell me what to do next

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• SQLite, python, unicode, and non-utf data

  - by Nathan Spears

  I started by trying to store strings in sqlite using python, and got the message: sqlite3.ProgrammingError: You must not use 8-bit bytestrings unless you use a text_factory that can interpret 8-bit bytestrings (like text_factory = str). It is highly recommended that you instead just switch your application to Unicode strings. Ok, I switched to Unicode strings. Then I started getting the message: sqlite3.OperationalError: Could not decode to UTF-8 column 'tag_artist' with text 'Sigur Rós' when trying to retrieve data from the db. More research and I started encoding it in utf8, but then 'Sigur Rós' starts looking like 'Sigur Rós' note: My console was set to display in 'latin_1' as @John Machin pointed out. What gives? After reading this, describing exactly the same situation I'm in, it seems as if the advice is to ignore the other advice and use 8-bit bytestrings after all. I didn't know much about unicode and utf before I started this process. I've learned quite a bit in the last couple hours, but I'm still ignorant of whether there is a way to correctly convert 'ó' from latin-1 to utf-8 and not mangle it. If there isn't, why would sqlite 'highly recommend' I switch my application to unicode strings? I'm going to update this question with a summary and some example code of everything I've learned in the last 24 hours so that someone in my shoes can have an easy(er) guide. If the information I post is wrong or misleading in any way please tell me and I'll update, or one of you senior guys can update. Summary of answers Let me first state the goal as I understand it. The goal in processing various encodings, if you are trying to convert between them, is to understand what your source encoding is, then convert it to unicode using that source encoding, then convert it to your desired encoding. Unicode is a base and encodings are mappings of subsets of that base. utf_8 has room for every character in unicode, but because they aren't in the same place as, for instance, latin_1, a string encoded in utf_8 and sent to a latin_1 console will not look the way you expect. In python the process of getting to unicode and into another encoding looks like: str.decode('source_encoding').encode('desired_encoding') or if the str is already in unicode str.encode('desired_encoding') For sqlite I didn't actually want to encode it again, I wanted to decode it and leave it in unicode format. Here are four things you might need to be aware of as you try to work with unicode and encodings in python. The encoding of the string you want to work with, and the encoding you want to get it to. The system encoding. The console encoding. The encoding of the source file Elaboration: (1) When you read a string from a source, it must have some encoding, like latin_1 or utf_8. In my case, I'm getting strings from filenames, so unfortunately, I could be getting any kind of encoding. Windows XP uses UCS-2 (a Unicode system) as its native string type, which seems like cheating to me. Fortunately for me, the characters in most filenames are not going to be made up of more than one source encoding type, and I think all of mine were either completely latin_1, completely utf_8, or just plain ascii (which is a subset of both of those). So I just read them and decoded them as if they were still in latin_1 or utf_8. It's possible, though, that you could have latin_1 and utf_8 and whatever other characters mixed together in a filename on Windows. Sometimes those characters can show up as boxes, other times they just look mangled, and other times they look correct (accented characters and whatnot). Moving on. (2) Python has a default system encoding that gets set when python starts and can't be changed during runtime. See here for details. Dirty summary ... well here's the file I added: \# sitecustomize.py \# this file can be anywhere in your Python path, \# but it usually goes in ${pythondir}/lib/site-packages/ import sys sys.setdefaultencoding('utf_8') This system encoding is the one that gets used when you use the unicode("str") function without any other encoding parameters. To say that another way, python tries to decode "str" to unicode based on the default system encoding. (3) If you're using IDLE or the command-line python, I think that your console will display according to the default system encoding. I am using pydev with eclipse for some reason, so I had to go into my project settings, edit the launch configuration properties of my test script, go to the Common tab, and change the console from latin-1 to utf-8 so that I could visually confirm what I was doing was working. (4) If you want to have some test strings, eg test_str = "ó" in your source code, then you will have to tell python what kind of encoding you are using in that file. (FYI: when I mistyped an encoding I had to ctrl-Z because my file became unreadable.) This is easily accomplished by putting a line like so at the top of your source code file: # -*- coding: utf_8 -*- If you don't have this information, python attempts to parse your code as ascii by default, and so: SyntaxError: Non-ASCII character '\xf3' in file _redacted_ on line 81, but no encoding declared; see http://www.python.org/peps/pep-0263.html for details Once your program is working correctly, or, if you aren't using python's console or any other console to look at output, then you will probably really only care about #1 on the list. System default and console encoding are not that important unless you need to look at output and/or you are using the builtin unicode() function (without any encoding parameters) instead of the string.decode() function. I wrote a demo function I will paste into the bottom of this gigantic mess that I hope correctly demonstrates the items in my list. Here is some of the output when I run the character 'ó' through the demo function, showing how various methods react to the character as input. My system encoding and console output are both set to utf_8 for this run: '?' = original char <type 'str'> repr(char)='\xf3' '?' = unicode(char) ERROR: 'utf8' codec can't decode byte 0xf3 in position 0: unexpected end of data 'ó' = char.decode('latin_1') <type 'unicode'> repr(char.decode('latin_1'))=u'\xf3' '?' = char.decode('utf_8') ERROR: 'utf8' codec can't decode byte 0xf3 in position 0: unexpected end of data Now I will change the system and console encoding to latin_1, and I get this output for the same input: 'ó' = original char <type 'str'> repr(char)='\xf3' 'ó' = unicode(char) <type 'unicode'> repr(unicode(char))=u'\xf3' 'ó' = char.decode('latin_1') <type 'unicode'> repr(char.decode('latin_1'))=u'\xf3' '?' = char.decode('utf_8') ERROR: 'utf8' codec can't decode byte 0xf3 in position 0: unexpected end of data Notice that the 'original' character displays correctly and the builtin unicode() function works now. Now I change my console output back to utf_8. '?' = original char <type 'str'> repr(char)='\xf3' '?' = unicode(char) <type 'unicode'> repr(unicode(char))=u'\xf3' '?' = char.decode('latin_1') <type 'unicode'> repr(char.decode('latin_1'))=u'\xf3' '?' = char.decode('utf_8') ERROR: 'utf8' codec can't decode byte 0xf3 in position 0: unexpected end of data Here everything still works the same as last time but the console can't display the output correctly. Etc. The function below also displays more information that this and hopefully would help someone figure out where the gap in their understanding is. I know all this information is in other places and more thoroughly dealt with there, but I hope that this would be a good kickoff point for someone trying to get coding with python and/or sqlite. Ideas are great but sometimes source code can save you a day or two of trying to figure out what functions do what. Disclaimers: I'm no encoding expert, I put this together to help my own understanding. I kept building on it when I should have probably started passing functions as arguments to avoid so much redundant code, so if I can I'll make it more concise. Also, utf_8 and latin_1 are by no means the only encoding schemes, they are just the two I was playing around with because I think they handle everything I need. Add your own encoding schemes to the demo function and test your own input. One more thing: there are apparently crazy application developers making life difficult in Windows. #!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding: utf_8 -*- import os import sys def encodingDemo(str): validStrings = () try: print "str =",str,"{0} repr(str) = {1}".format(type(str), repr(str)) validStrings += ((str,""),) except UnicodeEncodeError as ude: print "Couldn't print the str itself because the console is set to an encoding that doesn't understand some character in the string. See error:\n\t", print ude try: x = unicode(str) print "unicode(str) = ",x validStrings+= ((x, " decoded into unicode by the default system encoding"),) except UnicodeDecodeError as ude: print "ERROR. unicode(str) couldn't decode the string because the system encoding is set to an encoding that doesn't understand some character in the string." print "\tThe system encoding is set to {0}. See error:\n\t".format(sys.getdefaultencoding()), print ude except UnicodeEncodeError as uee: print "ERROR. Couldn't print the unicode(str) because the console is set to an encoding that doesn't understand some character in the string. See error:\n\t", print uee try: x = str.decode('latin_1') print "str.decode('latin_1') =",x validStrings+= ((x, " decoded with latin_1 into unicode"),) try: print "str.decode('latin_1').encode('utf_8') =",str.decode('latin_1').encode('utf_8') validStrings+= ((x, " decoded with latin_1 into unicode and encoded into utf_8"),) except UnicodeDecodeError as ude: print "The string was decoded into unicode using the latin_1 encoding, but couldn't be encoded into utf_8. See error:\n\t", print ude except UnicodeDecodeError as ude: print "Something didn't work, probably because the string wasn't latin_1 encoded. See error:\n\t", print ude except UnicodeEncodeError as uee: print "ERROR. Couldn't print the str.decode('latin_1') because the console is set to an encoding that doesn't understand some character in the string. See error:\n\t", print uee try: x = str.decode('utf_8') print "str.decode('utf_8') =",x validStrings+= ((x, " decoded with utf_8 into unicode"),) try: print "str.decode('utf_8').encode('latin_1') =",str.decode('utf_8').encode('latin_1') except UnicodeDecodeError as ude: print "str.decode('utf_8').encode('latin_1') didn't work. The string was decoded into unicode using the utf_8 encoding, but couldn't be encoded into latin_1. See error:\n\t", validStrings+= ((x, " decoded with utf_8 into unicode and encoded into latin_1"),) print ude except UnicodeDecodeError as ude: print "str.decode('utf_8') didn't work, probably because the string wasn't utf_8 encoded. See error:\n\t", print ude except UnicodeEncodeError as uee: print "ERROR. Couldn't print the str.decode('utf_8') because the console is set to an encoding that doesn't understand some character in the string. See error:\n\t",uee print print "Printing information about each character in the original string." for char in str: try: print "\t'" + char + "' = original char {0} repr(char)={1}".format(type(char), repr(char)) except UnicodeDecodeError as ude: print "\t'?' = original char {0} repr(char)={1} ERROR PRINTING: {2}".format(type(char), repr(char), ude) except UnicodeEncodeError as uee: print "\t'?' = original char {0} repr(char)={1} ERROR PRINTING: {2}".format(type(char), repr(char), uee) print uee try: x = unicode(char) print "\t'" + x + "' = unicode(char) {1} repr(unicode(char))={2}".format(x, type(x), repr(x)) except UnicodeDecodeError as ude: print "\t'?' = unicode(char) ERROR: {0}".format(ude) except UnicodeEncodeError as uee: print "\t'?' = unicode(char) {0} repr(char)={1} ERROR PRINTING: {2}".format(type(x), repr(x), uee) try: x = char.decode('latin_1') print "\t'" + x + "' = char.decode('latin_1') {1} repr(char.decode('latin_1'))={2}".format(x, type(x), repr(x)) except UnicodeDecodeError as ude: print "\t'?' = char.decode('latin_1') ERROR: {0}".format(ude) except UnicodeEncodeError as uee: print "\t'?' = char.decode('latin_1') {0} repr(char)={1} ERROR PRINTING: {2}".format(type(x), repr(x), uee) try: x = char.decode('utf_8') print "\t'" + x + "' = char.decode('utf_8') {1} repr(char.decode('utf_8'))={2}".format(x, type(x), repr(x)) except UnicodeDecodeError as ude: print "\t'?' = char.decode('utf_8') ERROR: {0}".format(ude) except UnicodeEncodeError as uee: print "\t'?' = char.decode('utf_8') {0} repr(char)={1} ERROR PRINTING: {2}".format(type(x), repr(x), uee) print x = 'ó' encodingDemo(x) Much thanks for the answers below and especially to @John Machin for answering so thoroughly.

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• Android Remote Service Keeps Restarting

  - by user244190

  Ok so I've built an app that uses a remote service to do some real time GPS tracking. I am using the below code to start and bind to the service. The remote service uses aidl, sets up a notification icon, runs the GPS and locationListener. In onLocationChanged, a handler sends data back to the caller via the callback. Pretty much straight out of the examples and resources online. I want to allow the service to continue running even if the app closes. When the app is restarted, I want the app to again bind to the service (using the existing service if running) and again receive data from the tracker. I currently have the app mode set to singleTask and cannot use singleinstance due to another issue. My problem is that quit often even after the app and service are shut down either from the app itself, or from AdvancedTaskKiller, or a Forceclose, the service will restart and initialize the GPS. touching on the notification will open the app. I again stop the tracking which removes the notification and turns off the GPS Close the app, and again after a few seconds the service restarts. The only way to stop it is to power off the phone. What can I do to stop this from happening. Does it have to do with the mode of operation? START_NOT_STICKY or START_REDELIVER_INTENT? Or do I need to use stopSelf()? My understanding is that if the service is not running when I use bindService() that the service will be created...so do I really need to use start/stopService also? I thought I would need to use it if I want the service to run even after the app is closed. That is why i do not unbind/stop the service in onDestroy(). Is this correct? I've not seen any other info an this, so I,m not sure where to look. Please Help! Thanks Patrick //Remote Service Startup try{ startService(); }catch (Exception e) { Toast.makeText(ctx, e.getMessage().toString(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } } try{ bindService(); }catch (Exception e) { Toast.makeText(ctx, e.getMessage().toString(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } //Remote service shutdown try { unbindService(); }catch(Exception e) { Toast.makeText(ctx, e.getMessage().toString(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } try{ stopService(); }catch(Exception e) { Toast.makeText(ctx, e.getMessage().toString(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } private void startService() { if( myAdapter.trackServiceStarted() ) { if(SETTING_DEBUG_MODE) Toast.makeText(this, "Service already started", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); started = true; if(!myAdapter.trackDataExists()) insertTrackData(); updateServiceStatus(); } else { startService( new Intent ( "com.codebase.TRACKING_SERVICE" ) ); Log.d( "startService()", "startService()" ); started = true; updateServiceStatus(); } } private void stopService() { stopService( new Intent ( "com.codebase.TRACKING_SERVICE" ) ); Log.d( "stopService()", "stopService()" ); started = false; updateServiceStatus(); } private void bindService() { bindService(new Intent(ITrackingService.class.getName()), mConnection, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE); bindService(new Intent(ITrackingSecondary.class.getName()), mTrackingSecondaryConnection, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE); started = true; } private void unbindService() { try { mTrackingService.unregisterCallback(mCallback); } catch (RemoteException e) { // There is nothing special we need to do if the service // has crashed. e.getMessage(); } try { unbindService(mTrackingSecondaryConnection); unbindService(mConnection); } catch (Exception e) { // There is nothing special we need to do if the service // has crashed. e.getMessage(); } started = false; } private ServiceConnection mConnection = new ServiceConnection() { public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName className, IBinder service) { // This is called when the connection with the service has been // established, giving us the service object we can use to // interact with the service. We are communicating with our // service through an IDL interface, so get a client-side // representation of that from the raw service object. mTrackingService = ITrackingService.Stub.asInterface(service); // We want to monitor the service for as long as we are // connected to it. try { mTrackingService.registerCallback(mCallback); } catch (RemoteException e) { // In this case the service has crashed before we could even // do anything with it; we can count on soon being // disconnected (and then reconnected if it can be restarted) // so there is no need to do anything here. } } public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName className) { // This is called when the connection with the service has been // unexpectedly disconnected -- that is, its process crashed. mTrackingService = null; } }; private ServiceConnection mTrackingSecondaryConnection = new ServiceConnection() { public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName className, IBinder service) { // Connecting to a secondary interface is the same as any // other interface. mTrackingSecondaryService = ITrackingSecondary.Stub.asInterface(service); try{ mTrackingSecondaryService.setTimePrecision(SETTING_TIME_PRECISION); mTrackingSecondaryService.setDistancePrecision(SETTING_DISTANCE_PRECISION); } catch (RemoteException e) { // In this case the service has crashed before we could even // do anything with it; we can count on soon being // disconnected (and then reconnected if it can be restarted) // so there is no need to do anything here. } } public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName className) { mTrackingSecondaryService = null; } }; //TrackService onDestry() public void onDestroy() { try{ if(lm != null) { lm.removeUpdates(this); } if(mNotificationManager != null) { mNotificationManager.cancel(R.string.local_service_started); } Toast.makeText(this, "Service stopped", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); }catch (Exception e){ Toast.makeText(this, e.getMessage(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } // Unregister all callbacks. mCallbacks.kill(); // Remove the next pending message to increment the counter, stopping // the increment loop. mHandler.removeMessages(REPORT_MSG); super.onDestroy(); } ServiceConnectionLeaked: I'm seeing a lot of these: 04-21 09:25:23.347: ERROR/ActivityThread(3246): Activity com.codebase.GPSTest has leaked ServiceConnection com.codebase.GPSTest$6@4482d428 that was originally bound here 04-21 09:25:23.347: ERROR/ActivityThread(3246): android.app.ServiceConnectionLeaked: Activity com.codebase.GPSTest has leaked ServiceConnection com.codebase.GPSTest$6@4482d428 that was originally bound here 04-21 09:25:23.347: ERROR/ActivityThread(3246): at android.app.ActivityThread$PackageInfo$ServiceDispatcher.<init>(ActivityThread.java:977) 04-21 09:25:23.347: ERROR/ActivityThread(3246): at android.app.ActivityThread$PackageInfo.getServiceDispatcher(ActivityThread.java:872) 04-21 09:25:23.347: ERROR/ActivityThread(3246): at android.app.ApplicationContext.bindService(ApplicationContext.java:796) 04-21 09:25:23.347: ERROR/ActivityThread(3246): at android.content.ContextWrapper.bindService(ContextWrapper.java:337) 04-21 09:25:23.347: ERROR/ActivityThread(3246): at com.codebase.GPSTest.bindService(GPSTest.java:2206) 04-21 09:25:23.347: ERROR/ActivityThread(3246): at com.codebase.GPSTest.onStartStopClick(GPSTest.java:1589) 04-21 09:25:23.347: ERROR/ActivityThread(3246): at com.codebase.GPSTest.onResume(GPSTest.java:1210) 04-21 09:25:23.347: ERROR/ActivityThread(3246): at android.app.Instrumentation.callActivityOnResume(Instrumentation.java:1149) 04-21 09:25:23.347: ERROR/ActivityThread(3246): at android.app.Activity.performResume(Activity.java:3763) 04-21 09:25:23.347: ERROR/ActivityThread(3246): at android.app.ActivityThread.performResumeActivity(ActivityThread.java:2937) 04-21 09:25:23.347: ERROR/ActivityThread(3246): at android.app.ActivityThread.handleResumeActivity(ActivityThread.java:2965) 04-21 09:25:23.347: ERROR/ActivityThread(3246): at android.app.ActivityThread.handleLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2516) 04-21 09:25:23.347: ERROR/ActivityThread(3246): at android.app.ActivityThread.handleRelaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:3625) 04-21 09:25:23.347: ERROR/ActivityThread(3246): at android.app.ActivityThread.access$2300(ActivityThread.java:119) 04-21 09:25:23.347: ERROR/ActivityThread(3246): at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:1867) 04-21 09:25:23.347: ERROR/ActivityThread(3246): at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:99) 04-21 09:25:23.347: ERROR/ActivityThread(3246): at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:123) 04-21 09:25:23.347: ERROR/ActivityThread(3246): at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:4363) 04-21 09:25:23.347: ERROR/ActivityThread(3246): at java.lang.reflect.Method.invokeNative(Native Method) 04-21 09:25:23.347: ERROR/ActivityThread(3246): at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:521) 04-21 09:25:23.347: ERROR/ActivityThread(3246): at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:860) 04-21 09:25:23.347: ERROR/ActivityThread(3246): at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:618) 04-21 09:25:23.347: ERROR/ActivityThread(3246): at dalvik.system.NativeStart.main(Native Method) And These: Is this ok, or do I need to make sure i deactivate/close 04-21 09:58:55.487: INFO/dalvikvm(3440): Uncaught exception thrown by finalizer (will be discarded): 04-21 09:58:55.487: INFO/dalvikvm(3440): Ljava/lang/IllegalStateException;: Finalizing cursor android.database.sqlite.SQLiteCursor@447ef258 on gps_data that has not been deactivated or closed 04-21 09:58:55.487: INFO/dalvikvm(3440): at android.database.sqlite.SQLiteCursor.finalize(SQLiteCursor.java:596) 04-21 09:58:55.487: INFO/dalvikvm(3440): at dalvik.system.NativeStart.run(Native Method)

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• SQLite, python, unicode, and non-utf data

  - by Nathan Spears

  I started by trying to store strings in sqlite using python, and got the message: sqlite3.ProgrammingError: You must not use 8-bit bytestrings unless you use a text_factory that can interpret 8-bit bytestrings (like text_factory = str). It is highly recommended that you instead just switch your application to Unicode strings. Ok, I switched to Unicode strings. Then I started getting the message: sqlite3.OperationalError: Could not decode to UTF-8 column 'tag_artist' with text 'Sigur Rós' when trying to retrieve data from the db. More research and I started encoding it in utf8, but then 'Sigur Rós' starts looking like 'Sigur Rós' note: My console was set to display in 'latin_1' as @John Machin pointed out. What gives? After reading this, describing exactly the same situation I'm in, it seems as if the advice is to ignore the other advice and use 8-bit bytestrings after all. I didn't know much about unicode and utf before I started this process. I've learned quite a bit in the last couple hours, but I'm still ignorant of whether there is a way to correctly convert 'ó' from latin-1 to utf-8 and not mangle it. If there isn't, why would sqlite 'highly recommend' I switch my application to unicode strings? I'm going to update this question with a summary and some example code of everything I've learned in the last 24 hours so that someone in my shoes can have an easy(er) guide. If the information I post is wrong or misleading in any way please tell me and I'll update, or one of you senior guys can update. Summary of answers Let me first state the goal as I understand it. The goal in processing various encodings, if you are trying to convert between them, is to understand what your source encoding is, then convert it to unicode using that source encoding, then convert it to your desired encoding. Unicode is a base and encodings are mappings of subsets of that base. utf_8 has room for every character in unicode, but because they aren't in the same place as, for instance, latin_1, a string encoded in utf_8 and sent to a latin_1 console will not look the way you expect. In python the process of getting to unicode and into another encoding looks like: str.decode('source_encoding').encode('desired_encoding') or if the str is already in unicode str.encode('desired_encoding') For sqlite I didn't actually want to encode it again, I wanted to decode it and leave it in unicode format. Here are four things you might need to be aware of as you try to work with unicode and encodings in python. The encoding of the string you want to work with, and the encoding you want to get it to. The system encoding. The console encoding. The encoding of the source file Elaboration: (1) When you read a string from a source, it must have some encoding, like latin_1 or utf_8. In my case, I'm getting strings from filenames, so unfortunately, I could be getting any kind of encoding. Windows XP uses UCS-2 (a Unicode system) as its native string type, which seems like cheating to me. Fortunately for me, the characters in most filenames are not going to be made up of more than one source encoding type, and I think all of mine were either completely latin_1, completely utf_8, or just plain ascii (which is a subset of both of those). So I just read them and decoded them as if they were still in latin_1 or utf_8. It's possible, though, that you could have latin_1 and utf_8 and whatever other characters mixed together in a filename on Windows. Sometimes those characters can show up as boxes, other times they just look mangled, and other times they look correct (accented characters and whatnot). Moving on. (2) Python has a default system encoding that gets set when python starts and can't be changed during runtime. See here for details. Dirty summary ... well here's the file I added: \# sitecustomize.py \# this file can be anywhere in your Python path, \# but it usually goes in ${pythondir}/lib/site-packages/ import sys sys.setdefaultencoding('utf_8') This system encoding is the one that gets used when you use the unicode("str") function without any other encoding parameters. To say that another way, python tries to decode "str" to unicode based on the default system encoding. (3) If you're using IDLE or the command-line python, I think that your console will display according to the default system encoding. I am using pydev with eclipse for some reason, so I had to go into my project settings, edit the launch configuration properties of my test script, go to the Common tab, and change the console from latin-1 to utf-8 so that I could visually confirm what I was doing was working. (4) If you want to have some test strings, eg test_str = "ó" in your source code, then you will have to tell python what kind of encoding you are using in that file. (FYI: when I mistyped an encoding I had to ctrl-Z because my file became unreadable.) This is easily accomplished by putting a line like so at the top of your source code file: # -*- coding: utf_8 -*- If you don't have this information, python attempts to parse your code as ascii by default, and so: SyntaxError: Non-ASCII character '\xf3' in file _redacted_ on line 81, but no encoding declared; see http://www.python.org/peps/pep-0263.html for details Once your program is working correctly, or, if you aren't using python's console or any other console to look at output, then you will probably really only care about #1 on the list. System default and console encoding are not that important unless you need to look at output and/or you are using the builtin unicode() function (without any encoding parameters) instead of the string.decode() function. I wrote a demo function I will paste into the bottom of this gigantic mess that I hope correctly demonstrates the items in my list. Here is some of the output when I run the character 'ó' through the demo function, showing how various methods react to the character as input. My system encoding and console output are both set to utf_8 for this run: '?' = original char <type 'str'> repr(char)='\xf3' '?' = unicode(char) ERROR: 'utf8' codec can't decode byte 0xf3 in position 0: unexpected end of data 'ó' = char.decode('latin_1') <type 'unicode'> repr(char.decode('latin_1'))=u'\xf3' '?' = char.decode('utf_8') ERROR: 'utf8' codec can't decode byte 0xf3 in position 0: unexpected end of data Now I will change the system and console encoding to latin_1, and I get this output for the same input: 'ó' = original char <type 'str'> repr(char)='\xf3' 'ó' = unicode(char) <type 'unicode'> repr(unicode(char))=u'\xf3' 'ó' = char.decode('latin_1') <type 'unicode'> repr(char.decode('latin_1'))=u'\xf3' '?' = char.decode('utf_8') ERROR: 'utf8' codec can't decode byte 0xf3 in position 0: unexpected end of data Notice that the 'original' character displays correctly and the builtin unicode() function works now. Now I change my console output back to utf_8. '?' = original char <type 'str'> repr(char)='\xf3' '?' = unicode(char) <type 'unicode'> repr(unicode(char))=u'\xf3' '?' = char.decode('latin_1') <type 'unicode'> repr(char.decode('latin_1'))=u'\xf3' '?' = char.decode('utf_8') ERROR: 'utf8' codec can't decode byte 0xf3 in position 0: unexpected end of data Here everything still works the same as last time but the console can't display the output correctly. Etc. The function below also displays more information that this and hopefully would help someone figure out where the gap in their understanding is. I know all this information is in other places and more thoroughly dealt with there, but I hope that this would be a good kickoff point for someone trying to get coding with python and/or sqlite. Ideas are great but sometimes source code can save you a day or two of trying to figure out what functions do what. Disclaimers: I'm no encoding expert, I put this together to help my own understanding. I kept building on it when I should have probably started passing functions as arguments to avoid so much redundant code, so if I can I'll make it more concise. Also, utf_8 and latin_1 are by no means the only encoding schemes, they are just the two I was playing around with because I think they handle everything I need. Add your own encoding schemes to the demo function and test your own input. One more thing: there are apparently crazy application developers making life difficult in Windows. #!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding: utf_8 -*- import os import sys def encodingDemo(str): validStrings = () try: print "str =",str,"{0} repr(str) = {1}".format(type(str), repr(str)) validStrings += ((str,""),) except UnicodeEncodeError as ude: print "Couldn't print the str itself because the console is set to an encoding that doesn't understand some character in the string. See error:\n\t", print ude try: x = unicode(str) print "unicode(str) = ",x validStrings+= ((x, " decoded into unicode by the default system encoding"),) except UnicodeDecodeError as ude: print "ERROR. unicode(str) couldn't decode the string because the system encoding is set to an encoding that doesn't understand some character in the string." print "\tThe system encoding is set to {0}. See error:\n\t".format(sys.getdefaultencoding()), print ude except UnicodeEncodeError as uee: print "ERROR. Couldn't print the unicode(str) because the console is set to an encoding that doesn't understand some character in the string. See error:\n\t", print uee try: x = str.decode('latin_1') print "str.decode('latin_1') =",x validStrings+= ((x, " decoded with latin_1 into unicode"),) try: print "str.decode('latin_1').encode('utf_8') =",str.decode('latin_1').encode('utf_8') validStrings+= ((x, " decoded with latin_1 into unicode and encoded into utf_8"),) except UnicodeDecodeError as ude: print "The string was decoded into unicode using the latin_1 encoding, but couldn't be encoded into utf_8. See error:\n\t", print ude except UnicodeDecodeError as ude: print "Something didn't work, probably because the string wasn't latin_1 encoded. See error:\n\t", print ude except UnicodeEncodeError as uee: print "ERROR. Couldn't print the str.decode('latin_1') because the console is set to an encoding that doesn't understand some character in the string. See error:\n\t", print uee try: x = str.decode('utf_8') print "str.decode('utf_8') =",x validStrings+= ((x, " decoded with utf_8 into unicode"),) try: print "str.decode('utf_8').encode('latin_1') =",str.decode('utf_8').encode('latin_1') except UnicodeDecodeError as ude: print "str.decode('utf_8').encode('latin_1') didn't work. The string was decoded into unicode using the utf_8 encoding, but couldn't be encoded into latin_1. See error:\n\t", validStrings+= ((x, " decoded with utf_8 into unicode and encoded into latin_1"),) print ude except UnicodeDecodeError as ude: print "str.decode('utf_8') didn't work, probably because the string wasn't utf_8 encoded. See error:\n\t", print ude except UnicodeEncodeError as uee: print "ERROR. Couldn't print the str.decode('utf_8') because the console is set to an encoding that doesn't understand some character in the string. See error:\n\t",uee print print "Printing information about each character in the original string." for char in str: try: print "\t'" + char + "' = original char {0} repr(char)={1}".format(type(char), repr(char)) except UnicodeDecodeError as ude: print "\t'?' = original char {0} repr(char)={1} ERROR PRINTING: {2}".format(type(char), repr(char), ude) except UnicodeEncodeError as uee: print "\t'?' = original char {0} repr(char)={1} ERROR PRINTING: {2}".format(type(char), repr(char), uee) print uee try: x = unicode(char) print "\t'" + x + "' = unicode(char) {1} repr(unicode(char))={2}".format(x, type(x), repr(x)) except UnicodeDecodeError as ude: print "\t'?' = unicode(char) ERROR: {0}".format(ude) except UnicodeEncodeError as uee: print "\t'?' = unicode(char) {0} repr(char)={1} ERROR PRINTING: {2}".format(type(x), repr(x), uee) try: x = char.decode('latin_1') print "\t'" + x + "' = char.decode('latin_1') {1} repr(char.decode('latin_1'))={2}".format(x, type(x), repr(x)) except UnicodeDecodeError as ude: print "\t'?' = char.decode('latin_1') ERROR: {0}".format(ude) except UnicodeEncodeError as uee: print "\t'?' = char.decode('latin_1') {0} repr(char)={1} ERROR PRINTING: {2}".format(type(x), repr(x), uee) try: x = char.decode('utf_8') print "\t'" + x + "' = char.decode('utf_8') {1} repr(char.decode('utf_8'))={2}".format(x, type(x), repr(x)) except UnicodeDecodeError as ude: print "\t'?' = char.decode('utf_8') ERROR: {0}".format(ude) except UnicodeEncodeError as uee: print "\t'?' = char.decode('utf_8') {0} repr(char)={1} ERROR PRINTING: {2}".format(type(x), repr(x), uee) print x = 'ó' encodingDemo(x) Much thanks for the answers below and especially to @John Machin for answering so thoroughly.

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• saslauthd + PostFix producing password verification and authentication errors

  - by Aram Papazian

  So I'm trying to setup PostFix while using SASL (Cyrus variety preferred, I was using dovecot earlier but I'm switching from dovecot to courier so I want to use cyrus instead of dovecot) but I seem to be having issues. Here are the errors I'm receiving: ==> mail.log <== Aug 10 05:11:49 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[779]: warning: SASL authentication failure: Password verification failed Aug 10 05:11:49 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[779]: warning: ipname[xx.xx.xx.xx]: SASL PLAIN authentication failed: authentication failure ==> mail.info <== Aug 10 05:11:49 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[779]: warning: SASL authentication failure: Password verification failed Aug 10 05:11:49 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[779]: warning: ipname[xx.xx.xx.xx]: SASL PLAIN authentication failed: authentication failure ==> mail.warn <== Aug 10 05:11:49 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[779]: warning: SASL authentication failure: Password verification failed Aug 10 05:11:49 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[779]: warning: ipname[xx.xx.xx.xx]: SASL PLAIN authentication failed: authentication failure I tried $testsaslauthd -u xxxx -p xxxx 0: OK "Success." So I know that the password/user I'm using is correct. I'm thinking that most likely I have a setting wrong somewhere, but can't seem to find where. Here is my files. Here is my main.cf for postfix: # See /usr/share/postfix/main.cf.dist for a commented, more complete version # Debian specific: Specifying a file name will cause the first # line of that file to be used as the name. The Debian default # is /etc/mailname. myorigin = /etc/mailname # This is already done in /etc/mailname #myhostname = crazyinsanoman.xxxxx.com smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name #biff = no # appending .domain is the MUA's job. #append_dot_mydomain = no readme_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix # TLS parameters smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/postfix/smtpd.cert smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/postfix/smtpd.key smtpd_use_tls = yes smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache # Relay smtp through another server or leave blank to do it yourself #relayhost = smtp.yourisp.com # Network details; Accept connections from anywhere, and only trust this machine mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 inet_interfaces = all #mynetworks_style = host #As we will be using virtual domains, these need to be empty local_recipient_maps = mydestination = # how long if undelivered before sending "delayed mail" warning update to sender delay_warning_time = 4h # will it be a permanent error or temporary unknown_local_recipient_reject_code = 450 # how long to keep message on queue before return as failed. # some have 3 days, I have 16 days as I am backup server for some people # whom go on holiday with their server switched off. maximal_queue_lifetime = 7d # max and min time in seconds between retries if connection failed minimal_backoff_time = 1000s maximal_backoff_time = 8000s # how long to wait when servers connect before receiving rest of data smtp_helo_timeout = 60s # how many address can be used in one message. # effective stopper to mass spammers, accidental copy in whole address list # but may restrict intentional mail shots. smtpd_recipient_limit = 16 # how many error before back off. smtpd_soft_error_limit = 3 # how many max errors before blocking it. smtpd_hard_error_limit = 12 # Requirements for the HELO statement smtpd_helo_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, warn_if_reject reject_non_fqdn_hostname, reject_invalid_hostname, permit # Requirements for the sender details smtpd_sender_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, warn_if_reject reject_non_fqdn_sender, reject_unknown_sender_domain, reject_unauth_pipelining, permit # Requirements for the connecting server smtpd_client_restrictions = reject_rbl_client sbl.spamhaus.org, reject_rbl_client blackholes.easynet.nl, reject_rbl_client dnsbl.njabl.org # Requirement for the recipient address smtpd_recipient_restrictions = reject_unauth_pipelining, permit_mynetworks, reject_non_fqdn_recipient, reject_unknown_recipient_domain, reject_unauth_destination, permit smtpd_data_restrictions = reject_unauth_pipelining # require proper helo at connections smtpd_helo_required = yes # waste spammers time before rejecting them smtpd_delay_reject = yes disable_vrfy_command = yes # not sure of the difference of the next two # but they are needed for local aliasing alias_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/aliases alias_database = hash:/etc/postfix/aliases # this specifies where the virtual mailbox folders will be located virtual_mailbox_base = /var/spool/mail/vmail # this is for the mailbox location for each user virtual_mailbox_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_mailbox.cf # and this is for aliases virtual_alias_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_alias.cf # and this is for domain lookups virtual_mailbox_domains = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_domains.cf # this is how to connect to the domains (all virtual, but the option is there) # not used yet # transport_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_transport.cf # Setup the uid/gid of the owner of the mail files - static:5000 allows virtual ones virtual_uid_maps = static:5000 virtual_gid_maps = static:5000 inet_protocols=all # Cyrus SASL Support smtpd_sasl_path = smtpd smtpd_sasl_local_domain = xxxxx.com ####################### ## OLD CONFIGURATION ## ####################### #myorigin = /etc/mailname #mydestination = crazyinsanoman.xxxxx.com, localhost, localhost.localdomain #mailbox_size_limit = 0 #recipient_delimiter = + #html_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix/html message_size_limit = 30720000 #virtual_alias_domains = ##virtual_alias_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/virtual #virtual_mailbox_base = /home/vmail ##luser_relay = webmaster #smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot #smtpd_sasl_path = private/auth smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes #smtpd_sasl_authenticated_header = yes smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, permit_sasl_authenticated, reject_unauth_destination #virtual_create_maildirsize = yes #virtual_maildir_extended = yes #proxy_read_maps = $local_recipient_maps $mydestination $virtual_alias_maps $virtual_alias_domains $virtual_mailbox_maps $virtual_mailbox_domains $relay_recipient_maps $relay_domains $canonical_maps $sender_canonical_maps $recipient_canonical_maps $relocated_maps $transport_maps $mynetworks $virtual_mailbox_limit_maps #virtual_transport = dovecot #dovecot_destination_recipient_limit = 1 Here is my master.cf: # # Postfix master process configuration file. For details on the format # of the file, see the master(5) manual page (command: "man 5 master"). # # Do not forget to execute "postfix reload" after editing this file. # # ========================================================================== # service type private unpriv chroot wakeup maxproc command + args # (yes) (yes) (yes) (never) (100) # ========================================================================== smtp inet n - - - - smtpd submission inet n - - - - smtpd -o smtpd_tls_security_level=encrypt -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes -o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject # -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING #smtps inet n - - - - smtpd # -o smtpd_tls_wrappermode=yes # -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes # -o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject # -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING #628 inet n - - - - qmqpd pickup fifo n - - 60 1 pickup cleanup unix n - - - 0 cleanup qmgr fifo n - n 300 1 qmgr #qmgr fifo n - - 300 1 oqmgr tlsmgr unix - - - 1000? 1 tlsmgr rewrite unix - - - - - trivial-rewrite bounce unix - - - - 0 bounce defer unix - - - - 0 bounce trace unix - - - - 0 bounce verify unix - - - - 1 verify flush unix n - - 1000? 0 flush proxymap unix - - n - - proxymap proxywrite unix - - n - 1 proxymap smtp unix - - - - - smtp # When relaying mail as backup MX, disable fallback_relay to avoid MX loops relay unix - - - - - smtp -o smtp_fallback_relay= # -o smtp_helo_timeout=5 -o smtp_connect_timeout=5 showq unix n - - - - showq error unix - - - - - error retry unix - - - - - error discard unix - - - - - discard local unix - n n - - local virtual unix - n n - - virtual lmtp unix - - - - - lmtp anvil unix - - - - 1 anvil scache unix - - - - 1 scache # # ==================================================================== # Interfaces to non-Postfix software. Be sure to examine the manual # pages of the non-Postfix software to find out what options it wants. # # Many of the following services use the Postfix pipe(8) delivery # agent. See the pipe(8) man page for information about ${recipient} # and other message envelope options. # ==================================================================== # # maildrop. See the Postfix MAILDROP_README file for details. # Also specify in main.cf: maildrop_destination_recipient_limit=1 # maildrop unix - n n - - pipe flags=DRhu user=vmail argv=/usr/bin/maildrop -d ${recipient} # # ==================================================================== # # Recent Cyrus versions can use the existing "lmtp" master.cf entry. # # Specify in cyrus.conf: # lmtp cmd="lmtpd -a" listen="localhost:lmtp" proto=tcp4 # # Specify in main.cf one or more of the following: # mailbox_transport = lmtp:inet:localhost # virtual_transport = lmtp:inet:localhost # # ==================================================================== # # Cyrus 2.1.5 (Amos Gouaux) # Also specify in main.cf: cyrus_destination_recipient_limit=1 # cyrus unix - n n - - pipe user=cyrus argv=/cyrus/bin/deliver -e -r ${sender} -m ${extension} ${user} # # ==================================================================== # Old example of delivery via Cyrus. # #old-cyrus unix - n n - - pipe # flags=R user=cyrus argv=/cyrus/bin/deliver -e -m ${extension} ${user} # # ==================================================================== # # See the Postfix UUCP_README file for configuration details. # uucp unix - n n - - pipe flags=Fqhu user=uucp argv=uux -r -n -z -a$sender - $nexthop!rmail ($recipient) # # Other external delivery methods. # ifmail unix - n n - - pipe flags=F user=ftn argv=/usr/lib/ifmail/ifmail -r $nexthop ($recipient) bsmtp unix - n n - - pipe flags=Fq. user=bsmtp argv=/usr/lib/bsmtp/bsmtp -t$nexthop -f$sender $recipient scalemail-backend unix - n n - 2 pipe flags=R user=scalemail argv=/usr/lib/scalemail/bin/scalemail-store ${nexthop} ${user} ${extension} mailman unix - n n - - pipe flags=FR user=list argv=/usr/lib/mailman/bin/postfix-to-mailman.py ${nexthop} ${user} #dovecot unix - n n - - pipe # flags=DRhu user=vmail:vmail argv=/usr/lib/dovecot/deliver -d ${recipient} Here is what I'm using for /etc/postfix/sasl/smtpd.conf log_level: 7 pwcheck_method: saslauthd pwcheck_method: auxprop mech_list: PLAIN LOGIN CRAM-MD5 DIGEST-MD5 allow_plaintext: true auxprop_plugin: mysql sql_hostnames: 127.0.0.1 sql_user: xxxxx sql_passwd: xxxxx sql_database: maildb sql_select: select crypt from users where id = '%u' As you can see I'm trying to use mysql as my authentication method. The password in 'users' is set through the 'ENCRYPT()' function. I also followed the methods found in http://www.jimmy.co.at/weblog/?p=52 in order to redo /var/spool/postfix/var/run/saslauthd as that seems to be a lot of people's problems, but that didn't help at all. Also, here is my /etc/default/saslauthd START=yes DESC="SASL Authentication Daemon" NAME="saslauthd" # Which authentication mechanisms should saslauthd use? (default: pam) # # Available options in this Debian package: # getpwent -- use the getpwent() library function # kerberos5 -- use Kerberos 5 # pam -- use PAM # rimap -- use a remote IMAP server # shadow -- use the local shadow password file # sasldb -- use the local sasldb database file # ldap -- use LDAP (configuration is in /etc/saslauthd.conf) # # Only one option may be used at a time. See the saslauthd man page # for more information. # # Example: MECHANISMS="pam" MECHANISMS="pam" MECH_OPTIONS="" THREADS=5 OPTIONS="-c -m /var/spool/postfix/var/run/saslauthd -r" I had heard that potentially changing MECHANISM to MECHANISMS="mysql" but obviously that didn't help as is shown by the options listed above and also by trying it out anyway in case the documentation was outdated. So, I'm now at a loss... I have no idea where to go from here or what steps I need to do to get this working =/ Anyone have any ideas? EDIT: Here is the error that is coming from auth.log ... I don't know if this will help at all, but here you go: Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql auxprop plugin using mysql engine Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin Parse the username [email protected] Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin try and connect to a host Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin trying to open db 'maildb' on host '127.0.0.1' Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin Parse the username [email protected] Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin try and connect to a host Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin trying to open db 'maildb' on host '127.0.0.1' Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: begin transaction Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin create statement from userPassword user xxxxxx.com Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin doing query select crypt from users where id = '[email protected]'; Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin create statement from cmusaslsecretPLAIN user xxxxxx.com Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin doing query select crypt from users where id = '[email protected]'; Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: commit transaction Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin Parse the username [email protected] Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin try and connect to a host Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin trying to open db 'maildb' on host '127.0.0.1' Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin Parse the username [email protected] Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin try and connect to a host Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin trying to open db 'maildb' on host '127.0.0.1' Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin Parse the username [email protected] Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin try and connect to a host Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin trying to open db 'maildb' on host '127.0.0.1' Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin Parse the username [email protected] Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin try and connect to a host Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin trying to open db 'maildb' on host '127.0.0.1' Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: begin transaction Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin create statement from userPassword user xxxxxx.com Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin doing query select crypt from users where id = '[email protected]'; Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin create statement from cmusaslsecretPLAIN user xxxxxx.com Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin doing query select crypt from users where id = '[email protected]'; Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: commit transaction Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin Parse the username [email protected] Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin try and connect to a host Aug 11 17:19:56 crazyinsanoman postfix/smtpd[9503]: sql plugin trying to open db 'maildb' on host '127.0.0.1'

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• [C#] Lock a file and avoid readings while it's writing

  - by vtortola

  Hi, My web application returns a file from the filesystem. These files are dynamic, so I have no way to know the names o how many of them will there be. When this file doesn't exist, the application creates it from the database. I want to avoid that two different threads recreate the same file at the same time, or that a thread try to return the file while other thread is creating it. So I want to lock a file till its recreation is complete, if other thread try to access it ... it will have to wait the file be unlocked. I've been reading about FileStream.Lock, but I have to know the file length and it won't prevent that other thread try to read the file, so it doesn't work for my particular case. I've been reading also about FileAccess.None, but it will throw an exception (which exception type?) if other thread/process try to access the file... so I should develop a "try again while is faulting" ... and I don't like too much that approach, although maybe there is not a better way. How could I archieve this? Kind regards.

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• How to Lock a file and avoid readings while it's writing

  - by vtortola

  My web application returns a file from the filesystem. These files are dynamic, so I have no way to know the names o how many of them will there be. When this file doesn't exist, the application creates it from the database. I want to avoid that two different threads recreate the same file at the same time, or that a thread try to return the file while other thread is creating it. So I want to lock a file till its recreation is complete, if other thread try to access it ... it will have to wait the file be unlocked. I've been reading about FileStream.Lock, but I have to know the file length and it won't prevent that other thread try to read the file, so it doesn't work for my particular case. I've been reading also about FileAccess.None, but it will throw an exception (which exception type?) if other thread/process try to access the file... so I should develop a "try again while is faulting" ... and I don't like too much that approach, although maybe there is not a better way.

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• General advice and guidelines on how to properly override object.GetHashCode()

  - by Svish

  According to MSDN, a hash function must have the following properties: If two objects compare as equal, the GetHashCode method for each object must return the same value. However, if two objects do not compare as equal, the GetHashCode methods for the two object do not have to return different values. The GetHashCode method for an object must consistently return the same hash code as long as there is no modification to the object state that determines the return value of the object's Equals method. Note that this is true only for the current execution of an application, and that a different hash code can be returned if the application is run again. For the best performance, a hash function must generate a random distribution for all input. I keep finding myself in the following scenario: I have created a class, implemented IEquatable<T> and overridden object.Equals(object). MSDN states that: Types that override Equals must also override GetHashCode ; otherwise, Hashtable might not work correctly. And then it usually stops up a bit for me. Because, how do you properly override object.GetHashCode()? Never really know where to start, and it seems to be a lot of pitfalls. Here at StackOverflow, there are quite a few questions related to GetHashCode overriding, but most of them seems to be on quite particular cases and specific issues. So, therefore I would like to get a good compilation here. An overview with general advice and guidelines. What to do, what not to do, common pitfalls, where to start, etc. I would like it to be especially directed at C#, but I would think it will work kind of the same way for other .NET languages as well(?). I think maybe the best way is to create one answer per topic with a quick and short answer first (close to one-liner if at all possible), then maybe some more information and end with related questions, discussions, blog posts, etc., if there are any. I can then create one post as the accepted answer (to get it on top) with just a "table of contents". Try to keep it short and concise. And don't just link to other questions and blog posts. Try to take the essence of them and then rather link to source (especially since the source could disappear. Also, please try to edit and improve answers instead of created lots of very similar ones. I am not a very good technical writer, but I will at least try to format answers so they look alike, create the table of contents, etc. I will also try to search up some of the related questions here at SO that answers parts of these and maybe pull out the essence of the ones I can manage. But since I am not very stable on this topic, I will try to stay away for the most part :p

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• CakePHP: trouble configuring .htaccess for user directories enabled server

  - by bullettime

  I've placed the CakePHP files in a directory in /home/user/public_html/cakephp. When I try to reach localhost/~user/cakephp with my browser, there's an error message. In my case, since I'm using Chrome, it is 'Oops! This link appears to be broken.". Looking for a solution on Google, I found a few articles saying that I have to edit the .htaccess files that came with CakePHP, since it was made to work out of the box in /var/www/htdocs. Apparently I have to add a 'RewriteBase' statement to the .htaccess files. I added 'RewriteBase /' to it but it didn't work. If I change the RewriteBase statement in my user web directory to 'RewriteBase /cakephp' and then try to access localhost/~user/cakephp, the browser then shows not the copy in /home/user/public_html/cakephp but the copy in /var/www/htdocs/cakephp. What can I do to fix this?

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• Installing Rails, MySQL, etc. everything goes wrong

  - by Rits

  I've been struggling with this for a few hours. Everything just stopped working and I can't get it to work anymore. I'm a noob at Ruby, Ruby on Rails and the Terminal in general. This is really frustrating me so I just try to describe my problem as detailed as possible hoping someone can give me a solution. I'm on Mac OS X Snow Leopard. I couldn't get Rails working at all just now: Could not find gem 'rails' headaches But after some tries of reinstalling it, it suddenly worked again. But now I just can't get MySQL to work, and it sometimes even breaks the Rails installation again. This is what I do: sudo gem uninstall rails sudo gem uninstall mysql sudo gem uninstall mysql2 After these commands, I check the installed gems with gem list. No MySQL gem is listed anymore, but I can still see rails (2.3.5, 2.2.2, 1.2.6) . Is this normal? Does this mean I have 3 Rails installations? It doesn't make sense to me. Anyway, then I do this: sudo gem clean Which fails completely. I get a bunch of errors like this: Attempting to uninstall fcgi-0.8.7 Unable to uninstall fcgi-0.8.7: Gem::InstallError: cannot uninstall, check gem list -d fcgi It doesn't uninstall anything. At this point, I try to install everything again. I start with: sudo gem install rails Which succeeds (I think): Successfully installed rails-3.0.3 Successfully installed builder-2.1.2 2 gems installed Installing ri documentation for rails-3.0.3... File not found: lib Then, I update RubyGems: sudo gem update --system sudo gem install rubygems-update sudo update_rubygems Then it says I have 1.3.7 installed, so it succeeded, I think. So now I proceed with installing MySQL. I already got MySQL 5.5.8 installed on my machine. I did some research about installing MySQL on Snow Leopard, and it seems I have to use this command: sudo env ARCHFLAGS="-arch x86_64" gem install mysql -- --with-mysql-config=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config I get a bunch of errors like this: No definition for time_set_neg No definition for time_set_second_part No definition for time_equal No definition for error_errno At this point, I assume I got both Rails and the MySQL gem installed, so I try to start a new project. rails new user_group -d mysql It works! Rails is installed correctly. Now, I try generating a model. cd user_group rails generate model User It fails with this error: Could not find gem 'mysql2 (= 0, runtime)' in any of the gem sources listed in your Gemfile. Try running bundle install. So I try running bundle install. It installs a lot of gems. Then I try to generate my model again. I get this error: Library/Ruby/Gems/1.8/gems/mysql2-0.2.6/lib/mysql2/mysql2.bundle: dlopen(/Library/Ruby/Gems/1.8/gems/mysql2-0.2.6/lib/mysql2/mysql2.bundle, 9): Library not loaded: libmysqlclient.16.dylib (LoadError) Referenced from: /Library/Ruby/Gems/1.8/gems/mysql2-0.2.6/lib/mysql2/mysql2.bundle Reason: image not found - /Library/Ruby/Gems/1.8/gems/mysql2-0.2.6/lib/mysql2/mysql2.bundle This is as far as I can get. What should I do? And why should this be so hard...

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• Apache and mod_authn_dbd DBDPrepareSQL error

  - by David Brown

  I am running Apache 2.2.17 on Suse Linux 11. I have installed the mod_authn_dbd module to allow authentication using a MySQL database. Simple digest authentication works absolutely fine using the following directive: AuthDBDUserRealmQuery "SELECT loginPassword FROM login WHERE loginUser = %s and loginRealm = %s" However, I would like to both generalize this statement and prepare it for performance and security reasons. Thus, I used the following directives instead: DBDPrepareSQL "SELECT loginPassword FROM login WHERE loginUser = %s and loginRealm = %s" digestLogin AuthDBDUserRealmQuery digestLogin These directives generate the following errors: [...] [error] (20014)Internal error: DBD: failed to prepare SQL statements: [...] [error] (20014)Internal error: DBD: failed to initialise Why does my actual SQL statement work when used directly, but not when I try to prepare it? (Note I have tried using '?' and '%%' in place of '%', to no effect.)

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• Binding Data to DataGridView in VB.Net

  - by Peter

  Hi, I have a bit of code which loads data from a stored procedure in MS SQL Server and then loads the data to a datagridview, which works fine. What i want is for the code that connects / loads the data to sit in my Database Class and then everything associated with the datagridview to be stored in my Form but i am having problems passing the contents of the bindingsource over to the Form from the Database Class. Form1 Public Class Form1 Dim myDatabaseObj As New Class1() Dim bindingSource1 As New BindingSource() Dim connectString As New SqlConnection Dim objDataAdapter As New SqlDataAdapter Dim table As New DataTable() Dim tabletest As New DataTable() Private Sub loadCompanyList() Try Me.dgv_CompanyList.DataSource = Me.bindingSource1 getCompanyList() Catch ex As NullReferenceException End Try End Sub Private Sub Form1_Load(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles MyBase.Load loadCompanyList() End Sub End Class Database Class When i try place the getCompanyList() in a class and then create a new object that references the Form() it does not seem to return any value from the table to the MyForm.BindingSource1.Datasource meaning my datagridview displays not data. ..... Private Sub getCompanyList() Try Dim myForm as new Form() connect_Transaction_Database() objDataAdapter.SelectCommand = New SqlCommand() objDataAdapter.SelectCommand.Connection = connectString objDataAdapter.SelectCommand.CommandText = "sp_GetCompanyList" objDataAdapter.SelectCommand.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure Dim commandBuilder As New SqlCommandBuilder(Me.objDataAdapter) Dim table As New DataTable() table.Locale = System.Globalization.CultureInfo.InvariantCulture Me.objDataAdapter.Fill(table) **MyForm.bindingSource1.DataSource = table** Catch ex As DataException MsgBox(ex.Message) Catch ex As NullReferenceException MsgBox(ex.Message) End Try disconnect_Transaction_Database() End Sub If anyone could help. Thank you. Peter

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• Worksheet.Unprotect - Office Interop - Difference between 2003 and 2007

  - by sdmcnitt

  I have a .NET winforms app that automates Excel and checks for a worksheet password. The requirements are to be able to detect 1) that the protection is turned off 2) that the password is removed (protected but there is no password) 3) that the password matches the correct password from a database To meet the second requirement the program calls the Worksheet.Unprotect command with a null string, capturing the error. If error as expected, the 3rd check is made. If no error, then the Unprotect worked without a password == password was removed. The code sample below has these checks. The application can do this fine with Office 2003. I have since had my dev machine updated to Office 2007 and it no longer works as it did. When I call the Worksheet.Unprotect, Excel prompts for the password! I need to know how this should be accomplished in the new version of Excel or if there is a way to reference the old PIA. No matter what if I set a reference to Excel 11 it is replaced with the PIA for 12 in the GAC. 'return true if unprotect of worksheet does not generate an error 'all other errors will bubble up 'return false if specific error is "Password is invalid..." Try 'detect unprotected or no password If oWorksheet.ProtectContents Then 'try with no passsword and expect an error 'if no error then raise exception Dim blnRaiseException As Boolean = True Try 'oWorksheet.Unprotect(vbNullString) oWorksheet.Unprotect() Catch ex As Exception blnRaiseException = False End Try If blnRaiseException Then Throw New ExcelSheetNoPasswordException End If oWorksheet.Unprotect(strPwd) 'no error so if we get here -- success fnCheckWorksheetPwd = True 'leave as it was -- this may still cause workbook to think it is changed oWorksheet.Protect(strPwd) Else Throw New ExcelSheetNotProtectedException End If Catch COMex As System.Runtime.InteropServices.COMException 'handle error code -2146827284 If COMex.ErrorCode = -2146827284 Then 'this is the error we're looking for Else Throw End If Catch ex As Exception Throw End Try

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• 'ttest' function not working in Matlab

  - by Harpreet

  When I am using this statement in Matlab in my computer then its giving error as follow: [h,p,ci]=ttest(randn(100,1),0.1) Error: ??? Error using ==> nanmean Too many input arguments. Error in ==> ttest at 104 xmean = nanmean(x,dim); However if I use the same statement in Matlab in another computer, then its working fine and giving results. Do you know what could be the problem? I am posting this question here suspecting it to be some software problem with Matlab. Correct me if I am wrong.

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• FileSystem.GetFiles() + UnauthorizedAccessException error?

  - by OverTheRainbow

  Hello, It seems like FileSystem.GetFiles() is unable to recover from the UnauthorizedAccessException exception that .Net triggers when trying to access an off-limit directory. In this case, does it mean this class/method isn't useful when scanning a whole drive and I should use some other solution (in which case: Which one?)? Here's some code to show the issue: Private Sub bgrLongProcess_DoWork(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.ComponentModel.DoWorkEventArgs) Handles bgrLongProcess.DoWork Dim drive As DriveInfo Dim filelist As Collections.ObjectModel.ReadOnlyCollection(Of String) Dim filepath As String 'Scan all fixed-drives for MyFiles.* For Each drive In DriveInfo.GetDrives() If drive.DriveType = DriveType.Fixed Then Try 'How to handle "Access to the path 'C:\System Volume Information' is denied." error? filelist = My.Computer.FileSystem.GetFiles(drive.ToString, FileIO.SearchOption.SearchAllSubDirectories, "MyFiles.*") For Each filepath In filelist DataGridView1.Rows.Add(filepath.ToString, "temp") 'Trigger ProgressChanged() event bgrLongProcess.ReportProgress(0, filepath) Next filepath Catch Ex As UnauthorizedAccessException 'How to ignore this directory and move on? End Try End If Next drive End Sub Thank you. Edit: What about using a Try/Catch just to have GetFiles() fill the array, ignore the exception and just resume? Private Sub bgrLongProcess_DoWork(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.ComponentModel.DoWorkEventArgs) Handles bgrLongProcess.DoWork 'Do lengthy stuff here Dim filelist As Collections.ObjectModel.ReadOnlyCollection(Of String) Dim filepath As String filelist = Nothing Try filelist = My.Computer.FileSystem.GetFiles("C:\", FileIO.SearchOption.SearchAllSubDirectories, "MyFiles.*") Catch ex As UnauthorizedAccessException 'How to just ignore this off-limit directory and resume searching? End Try 'Object reference not set to an instance of an object For Each filepath In filelist bgrLongProcess.ReportProgress(0, filepath) Next filepath End Sub

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• SQL -- How to combine three SELECT statements with very tricky requirements

  - by Frederick

  I have a SQL query with three SELECT statements. A picture of the data tables generated by these three select statements is located at www.britestudent.com/pub/1.png. Each of the three data tables have identical columns. I want to combine these three tables into one table such that: (1) All rows in top table (Table1) are always included. (2) Rows in the middle table (Table2) are included only when the values in column1 (UserName) and column4 (CourseName) do not match with any row from Table1. Both columns need to match for the row in Table2 to not be included. (3) Rows in the bottom table (Table3) are included only when the value in column4 (CourseName) is not already in any row of the results from combining Table1 and Table2. I have had success in implementing (1) and (2) with an SQL query like this: SELECT DISTINCT UserName AS UserName, MAX(AmountUsed) AS AmountUsed, MAX(AnsweredCorrectly) AS AnsweredCorrectly, CourseName, MAX(course_code) AS course_code, MAX(NoOfQuestionsInCourse) AS NoOfQuestionsInCourse, MAX(NoOfQuestionSetsInCourse) AS NoOfQuestionSetsInCourse FROM ( "SELECT statement 1" UNION "SELECT statement 2" ) dt_derivedTable_1 GROUP BY CourseName, UserName Where "SELECT statement 1" is the query that generates Table1 and "SELECT statement 2" is the query that generates Table2. A picture of the data table generated by this query is located at www.britestudent.com/pub/2.png. I can get away with using the MAX() function because values in the AmountUsed and AnsweredCorrectly columns in Table1 will always be larger than those in Table2 (and they are identical in the last three columns of both tables). What I fail at is implementing (3). Any suggestions on how to do this will be appreciated. It is tricky because the UserName values in Table3 are null, and because the CourseName values in the combined Table1 and Table2 results are not unique (but they are unique in Table3). After implementing (3), the final table should look like the table in picture 2.png with the addition of the last row from Table3 (the row with the CourseName value starting with "4. Klasse..." I have tried to implement (3) using another derived table using SELECT, MAX() and UNION, but I could not get it to work. Below is my full SQL query with the lines from this failed attempt to implement (3) commented out. Cheers, Frederick PS--I am new to this forum (and new to SQL as well), but I have had more of my previous problems answered by reading other people's posts on this forum than from reading any other forum or Web site. This forum is a great resources. -- SELECT DISTINCT MAX(UserName), MAX(AmountUsed) AS AmountUsed, MAX(AnsweredCorrectly) AS AnsweredCorrectly, CourseName, MAX(course_code) AS course_code, MAX(NoOfQuestionsInCourse) AS NoOfQuestionsInCourse, MAX(NoOfQuestionSetsInCourse) AS NoOfQuestionSetsInCourse -- FROM ( SELECT DISTINCT UserName AS UserName, MAX(AmountUsed) AS AmountUsed, MAX(AnsweredCorrectly) AS AnsweredCorrectly, CourseName, MAX(course_code) AS course_code, MAX(NoOfQuestionsInCourse) AS NoOfQuestionsInCourse, MAX(NoOfQuestionSetsInCourse) AS NoOfQuestionSetsInCourse FROM ( -- Table 1 - All UserAccount/Course combinations that have had quizzez. SELECT DISTINCT dbo.win_user.user_name AS UserName, cast(dbo.GetAmountUsed(dbo.session_header.win_user_id, dbo.course.course_id, dbo.course.no_of_questionsets_in_course) as nvarchar(10)) AS AmountUsed, Isnull(cast(dbo.GetAnswerCorrectly(dbo.session_header.win_user_id, dbo.course.course_id, dbo.question_set.no_of_questions) as nvarchar(10)),0) AS AnsweredCorrectly, dbo.course.course_name AS CourseName, dbo.course.course_code, dbo.course.no_of_questions_in_course AS NoOfQuestionsInCourse, dbo.course.no_of_questionsets_in_course AS NoOfQuestionSetsInCourse FROM dbo.session_detail INNER JOIN dbo.session_header ON dbo.session_detail.session_header_id = dbo.session_header.session_header_id INNER JOIN dbo.win_user ON dbo.session_header.win_user_id = dbo.win_user.win_user_id INNER JOIN dbo.win_user_course ON dbo.win_user_course.win_user_id = dbo.win_user.win_user_id INNER JOIN dbo.question_set ON dbo.session_header.question_set_id = dbo.question_set.question_set_id RIGHT OUTER JOIN dbo.course ON dbo.win_user_course.course_id = dbo.course.course_id WHERE (dbo.session_detail.no_of_attempts = 1 OR dbo.session_detail.no_of_attempts IS NULL) AND (dbo.session_detail.is_correct = 1 OR dbo.session_detail.is_correct IS NULL) AND (dbo.win_user_course.is_active = 'True') GROUP BY dbo.win_user.user_name, dbo.course.course_name, dbo.question_set.no_of_questions, dbo.course.no_of_questions_in_course, dbo.course.no_of_questionsets_in_course, dbo.session_header.win_user_id, dbo.course.course_id, dbo.course.course_code UNION ALL -- Table 2 - All UserAccount/Course combinations that do or do not have quizzes but where the Course is selected for quizzes for that User Account. SELECT dbo.win_user.user_name AS UserName, -1 AS AmountUsed, -1 AS AnsweredCorrectly, dbo.course.course_name AS CourseName, dbo.course.course_code, dbo.course.no_of_questions_in_course AS NoOfQuestionsInCourse, dbo.course.no_of_questionsets_in_course AS NoOfQuestionSetsInCourse FROM dbo.win_user_course INNER JOIN dbo.win_user ON dbo.win_user_course.win_user_id = dbo.win_user.win_user_id RIGHT OUTER JOIN dbo.course ON dbo.win_user_course.course_id = dbo.course.course_id WHERE (dbo.win_user_course.is_active = 'True') GROUP BY dbo.win_user.user_name, dbo.course.course_name, dbo.course.no_of_questions_in_course, dbo.course.no_of_questionsets_in_course, dbo.course.course_id, dbo.course.course_code ) dt_derivedTable_1 GROUP BY CourseName, UserName -- UNION ALL -- Table 3 - All Courses. -- SELECT DISTINCT null AS UserName, -- -2 AS AmountUsed, -- -2 AS AnsweredCorrectly, -- dbo.course.course_name AS CourseName, -- dbo.course.course_code, -- dbo.course.no_of_questions_in_course AS NoOfQuestionsInCourse, -- dbo.course.no_of_questionsets_in_course AS NoOfQuestionSetsInCourse -- FROM dbo.course -- WHERE is_active = 'True' -- ) dt_derivedTable_2 -- GROUP BY CourseName -- ORDER BY CourseName

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• How to Automatically re-raise Exceptions

  - by Brian

  If you wrap a call to HttpResponse.End within a try catch block, the ThreadAbortException would automatically be re-raised. I assume this is the case even if you wrap the try catch block in a try catch block. How can I accomplish the same thing? I do not have a real-world application for this. namespace Program { class ReJoice { public void End() //This does not automatically re-raise the exception if caught. { throw new Exception(); } } class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { try { ReJoice x = new ReJoice(); x.End(); } catch (Exception e) {} } } }

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• Using Team Explorer 2010 to connect to TFS 2008 Server

  - by Velika

  Is this something I shouldn't try?

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• How do i refactor this code by using Action<t> or Func<t> delegates

  - by user330612

  I have a sample program, which needs to execute 3 methods in a particular order. And after executing each method, should do error handling. Now i did this in a normal fashion, w/o using delegates like this. class Program { public static void Main() { MyTest(); } private static bool MyTest() { bool result = true; int m = 2; int temp = 0; try { temp = Function1(m); } catch (Exception e) { Console.WriteLine("Caught exception for function1" + e.Message); result = false; } try { Function2(temp); } catch (Exception e) { Console.WriteLine("Caught exception for function2" + e.Message); result = false; } try { Function3(temp); } catch (Exception e) { Console.WriteLine("Caught exception for function3" + e.Message); result = false; } return result; } public static int Function1(int x) { Console.WriteLine("Sum is calculated"); return x + x; } public static int Function2(int x) { Console.WriteLine("Difference is calculated "); return (x - x); } public static int Function3(int x) { return x * x; } } As you can see, this code looks ugly w/ so many try catch loops, which are all doing the same thing...so i decided that i can use delegates to refactor this code so that Try Catch can be all shoved into one method so that it looks neat. I was looking at some examples online and couldnt figure our if i shud use Action or Func delegates for this. Both look similar but im unable to get a clear idea how to implement this. Any help is gr8ly appreciated. I'm using .NET 4.0, so im allowed to use anonymous methods n lambda expressions also for this Thanks

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