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• Cannot install grub to RAID1 (md0)

  - by Andrew Answer

  I have a RAID1 array on my Ubuntu 12.04 LTS and my /sda HDD has been replaced several days ago. I use this commands to replace: # go to superuser sudo bash # see RAID state mdadm -Q -D /dev/md0 # State should be "clean, degraded" # remove broken disk from RAID mdadm /dev/md0 --fail /dev/sda1 mdadm /dev/md0 --remove /dev/sda1 # see partitions fdisk -l # shutdown computer shutdown now # physically replace old disk by new # start system again # see partitions fdisk -l # copy partitions from sdb to sda sfdisk -d /dev/sdb | sfdisk /dev/sda # recreate id for sda sfdisk --change-id /dev/sda 1 fd # add sda1 to RAID mdadm /dev/md0 --add /dev/sda1 # see RAID state mdadm -Q -D /dev/md0 # State should be "clean, degraded, recovering" # to see status you can use cat /proc/mdstat This is the my mdadm output after sync: /dev/md0: Version : 0.90 Creation Time : Wed Feb 17 16:18:25 2010 Raid Level : raid1 Array Size : 470455360 (448.66 GiB 481.75 GB) Used Dev Size : 470455360 (448.66 GiB 481.75 GB) Raid Devices : 2 Total Devices : 2 Preferred Minor : 0 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Thu Nov 1 15:19:31 2012 State : clean Active Devices : 2 Working Devices : 2 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 0 UUID : 92e6ff4e:ed3ab4bf:fee5eb6c:d9b9cb11 Events : 0.11049560 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 8 1 0 active sync /dev/sda1 1 8 17 1 active sync /dev/sdb1 After bebuilding completion "fdisk -l" says what I have not valid partition table /dev/md0. This is my fdisk -l output: Disk /dev/sda: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders, total 976773168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00057d19 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 63 940910984 470455461 fd Linux raid autodetect /dev/sda2 940910985 976768064 17928540 5 Extended /dev/sda5 940911048 976768064 17928508+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris Disk /dev/sdb: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders, total 976773168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000667ca Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 * 63 940910984 470455461 fd Linux raid autodetect /dev/sdb2 940910985 976768064 17928540 5 Extended /dev/sdb5 940911048 976768064 17928508+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris Disk /dev/md0: 481.7 GB, 481746288640 bytes 2 heads, 4 sectors/track, 117613840 cylinders, total 940910720 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/md0 doesn't contain a valid partition table This is my grub install output: root@answe:~# grub-install /dev/sda /usr/sbin/grub-setup: warn: Attempting to install GRUB to a disk with multiple partition labels or both partition label and filesystem. This is not supported yet.. /usr/sbin/grub-setup: error: embedding is not possible, but this is required for cross-disk install. root@answe:~# grub-install /dev/sdb Installation finished. No error reported. So 1) "update-grub" find only /sda and /sdb Linux, not /md0 2) "dpkg-reconfigure grub-pc" says "GRUB failed to install the following devices /dev/md0" I cannot load my system except from /sdb1 and /sda1, but in DEGRADED mode... Anybody can resolve this issue? I have big headache with this.

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• Ubuntu hang, and cannot be soft-reset after resuming from stand by mode

  - by Phuong Nguyen

  I have downgrade my xorg drivers, so I can hibernate and stand by my ubuntu smoothly. However, in some case, there's a problem. My ubuntu get hang. When I tried to switch to console mode (Ctrl+Alt+F1), then I cannot login. The system always reply with an error whenever I tried to press a key. When I press Ctrl+Alt+Del to perform a softreset, here what's it said: [80141.320122] end_request: I/O error, dev sda, sector 193687181 init: control-alt-delete main process (5660) terminated with status 2. This error is not even recorded in syslog. I guess this should be a problem with my hard disk since it said something about a bad sector. Exactly, what kind of error is this?

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• Multiple OS's and GRUB chainloading

  - by Kent

  Hi, I want to have multiple OS installations and I have been advised that chain loading using GRUB is a good way to handle this. I have looked at tutorials on the web but I still have some questions before I can start. I want: Windows XP: 20 GB. For running some school stuff and a game which does not work through WINE. Xubuntu 9.04: 85 GB. My main OS. Another Linux distribution: 15 GB . For experimenting and trying Linux distributions out. I will: Wipe and install various distributions quite often on the 15 Use dd to make a copy of my Windows partition after installing it and getting things to work as I like. My experience is that Windows needs to be re-installed maybe once per year to not get bloated and slow. I have been told: To use GRUB chain loading. It will make it easier when kernel upgrades are made in the Linux distributions, as they modify the GRUB boot-menu. To my understanding I need to: (I might very well be mistaken) Install Windows first. Then install Xubuntu and let it write over the MBR with GRUB (I guess this is the default). Get the GRUB on the MBR start Windows XP if I want to (it's done by default), start Xubuntu using the kernel of my choice or defer execution to the boot sector of my other Linux distribution. The actual chain loading will only occur when I want to start my experimental install of Linux. I wonder: Is step 3 above correct and a good way to handle this? Is it also a good way to use chain-loading for both Xubuntu and my experimental Linux installation? How do I get a Linux distribution to install the boot loader it comes with to the boot sector of its partition and not to the MBR? If I can't get it to not touch the MBR. Then I could make a backup of the MBR using dd and then write it back after installing my experimental Linux installation. But then, how would I get the boot loader (lets say GRUB) into the boot sector of the experimental Linux installation? How would it work if said Linux installation gets a new kernel update and needs to update the GRUB menu?

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• CD-R suddenly unreadable?

  - by TheD

  I have a CD-R which has worked fine for a good while. All of a sudden, Windows can no longer read its data. It's not scratched, it's clean and Windows can detect the disk and usage of space on it. But whenever I attempt to access the data stored: Explorer crashes Or after 5-10 mins of trying to read it, it opens up and just shows a desktop.ini file in Explorer. This happens on multiple machines. Any ideas? Is there a way to recover the data? For example - some sector by sector recovery software if any exist for CD's?

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• Mac failing (failed?) hard drive - is all hope lost?

  - by Daniel

  It's a 500 GB Seagate laptop hard drive that came with my Macbook Pro. Apple partition format. Already replaced and now have it external, connected via SATA/USB adapter. Trying to get just a few files that I worked on while out of town when it crashed (and thus did not have my time machine backup drive). Drive will not mount, but OS X Disk Utility detects it and can read the capacity, model number, and even the name of the partition, which leads me to believe all hope may not be lost. Failed attempts so far: Disk Utility verify+repair says drive cannot be repaired and that I should back up immediately (lovely) Disk Warrior says it cannot rebuild the directory due to hardware failure Data Rescue quick & deep scans immediately failed PhotoRec says "error reading sector" for every sector (at least for the few minutes I let it run before closing it to explore other options) What else can I try here? Again, I'm just looking for a few, small files (python scripts to be specific) - not a full recovery.

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• RAID 1 Mirror Error with Two Western Digital 500GB Drives

  - by bm678

  I have Windows 7 Ultimate 64 bit installed on a Western Digital 500GB drive (WD5000BEVT-22ZAT0) that was partitioned automatically by Windows as 100MB System Reserved and 465.66GB drive C. There is also an unallocated second Western Digital 500GB drive (WD5000BPVT-22HXZT1) that I want to use for RAID 1 to mirror the first drive but I get an error message stating “ALL DISKS HOLDING EXTENTS FOR A GIVEN VOLUME MUST HAVE THE SAME SECTOR SIZE, AND THE SECTOR SIZE MUST BE VALID.” I uninstalled Windows patch KB-982018 but I still get the same error message. Could you please let me know how to resolve this? Thanks.

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• Somebody knows why the sectors of the IBM floppy disk are named 1 to 8 (and not 0 to 7 )

  - by Olivier Briand

  I am now programming on a 8 bits Z80 computer with CP/M 2.2, (as a hobby) and the floppy disk format is IBM, 40 tracks, 8 sectors per track, 512 bytes per sector. free space is 154 Ko on each face of the disk. Why the sectors are indexed 1 to 8 (and not zero to seven, as usually is seen with computers)? The catalog of the floppy disk is on the track 1 (sector 1 to 4, 64 entries). I'm wondering is the catalog on track zero? Is the zero track reserved to included a system (as track 0 & 1 are reserved to the system on a CP/M floppy disk, and catalog is on track 2)?

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• Linux software RAID6: 3 drives offline - how to force online?

  - by Ole Tange

  This is similar to 3 drives fell out of Raid6 mdadm - rebuilding? except that it is not due to a failing cable. Instead the 3rd drive fell offline during rebuild of another drive. The drive failed with: kernel: end_request: I/O error, dev sdc, sector 293732432 kernel: md/raid:md0: read error not correctable (sector 293734224 on sdc). After rebooting both these sectors and the sectors around them are fine. This leads me to believe the error is intermittent and thus the device simply took too long to error correct the sector and remap it. I expect that no data was written to the RAID after it failed. Therefore I hope that if I can kick the last failing device online that the RAID is fine and that the xfs_filesystem is OK, maybe with a few missing recent files. Taking a backup of the disks in the RAID takes 24 hours, so I would prefer that the solution works the first time. I have therefore set up a test scenario: export PRE=3 parallel dd if=/dev/zero of=/tmp/raid${PRE}{} bs=1k count=1000k ::: 1 2 3 4 5 parallel mknod /dev/loop${PRE}{} b 7 ${PRE}{} \; losetup /dev/loop${PRE}{} /tmp/raid${PRE}{} ::: 1 2 3 4 5 mdadm --create /dev/md$PRE -c 4096 --level=6 --raid-devices=5 /dev/loop${PRE}[12345] cat /proc/mdstat mkfs.xfs -f /dev/md$PRE mkdir -p /mnt/disk2 umount -l /mnt/disk2 mount /dev/md$PRE /mnt/disk2 seq 1000 | parallel -j1 mkdir -p /mnt/disk2/{}\;cp /bin/* /mnt/disk2/{}\;sleep 0.5 & mdadm --fail /dev/md$PRE /dev/loop${PRE}3 /dev/loop${PRE}4 cat /proc/mdstat # Assume reboot so no process is using the dir kill %1; sync & kill %1; sync & # Force fail one too many mdadm --fail /dev/md$PRE /dev/loop${PRE}1 parallel --tag -k mdadm -E ::: /dev/loop${PRE}? | grep Upda # loop 2,5 are newest. loop1 almost newest => force add loop1 Next step is to add loop1 back - and this is where I am stuck. After that do a xfs-consistency check. When that works, check that the solution also works on real devices (such a 4 USB sticks).

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• What needs updating when moving a bootable Windows 7 (or Vista) partition?

  - by SuperTempel

  When I move a bootable NTFS partition with Windows on it to a different block offset, what needs updating to make it bootable again? In particular, here's what I tried: I have a disk with several partitions, one of which is the NTFS partition with Windows on it, and the disk uses the plain old MBR block 0 for the partitions layout (no more than 4 partitions). Now I format and partition a new, larger, disk. There I make room for the NTFS partition and copy the contents from the old disk's NTFS Windows partition into. And I make the partition "active". However, when I try to boot from this disk, I get a "read error" message immediately and the booting stops, the exact text is: A disk read error occurred Press Ctrl+Alt+Del to restart I verified that both disks have the same boot sector code in block 0. It seems to me that something else might need updating. I guess that somewhere there's a absolute block reference that I need to update, probably pointing to the next level loader or to the NT kernel. Update: I found this article going quite into the depth of what I want to know. However, it says to modify boot.ini, but I have Windows 7 installed here, where such things appear to have changed: No boot.ini but a folder called System Volume Information with GUID and other data in it that sounds related to my problem. Going to keep digging... Update 2: Thanks to the terrible looking but very informative website by starman, I was able to figure out the first step: The NTFS boot sector has a field for "hidden" sectors. This feld has to contain the sector number of the boot sector. This solves the "read error" message. Now, however, I get a "BOOTMGR is missing" error instead. Looks like there's another place where a block number has to be adjusted, but I can't find anything in the code listing about this. I do find a lot of help sites suggesting Windows tools for fixing this "BOOTMGR is missing" problem, but none seem to know what goes on behind the scenes. Kind of like suggesting to re-install Windows when there's a little problem with it. At least, those fixes seem to work, mostly involving the Bcdedit and Bootrec tools. Now, who knows what they do, especially the latter, in regards to a moved partition? Update 3: After lots of trial-and-error attempts, I believe now that the solution lies in the BCD-Template registry file, residing usually inside \Windows\System32\config. If I get this updated using the "bcdboot" command, Windows starts up from it. I am now in the middle of figuring out what information this registry contains relevant to the above question. Any pointers to the contents of this registry are welcome. Update 4: Turns out that while the BCD-Template file gets rewritten and has different binary contents than its predecessor, the values inside do not change. So it must be something else that bcdboot.exe writes. I had previously already checked if it changes the first 32 boot blocks of the partition, but they appear to remain unchanged. Parititon map doesn't get changed, either. So what is it that bcdboot modifies besides the BCD registry? Any tips on how I can trace that? Are there low level tools that show me what files a program writes to? Update 5: The answer seems to be: c:\Boot\BCD is also changed, and that appears to be the key file for the boot manager's process. I'll investigate this later... Update 6: It seems to be an important detail that I had originally two partitions created when I installed Windows 7: A small partition of 204800 sectors which appears to be a bootstrap partition, followed by the actual, large, partition containing the Windows system (drive C:). When I tried to transfer this installation to a new, larger, disk, I had kept the same two partitions intact on the new drive, although they ended up at a different offset. This alone led to the "BOOTMGR is missing" message. Since then, I've used bcdboot.exe only on the Windows partition, which added the \Boot\BCD file on that partition. That file (and folder) did originally only exist on the smaller partition. Hence, this problem may be more complicated in my case as one partition (the boot strapper) referred to another partition (the one containing the OS), whereas other people may only have to deal with one partition containing both, and maybe there the solution is simpler. Update 7: Found one more detail: The \Boot\BCD file records the MBR's serial number. If that number doesn't match, the system won't boot. Next I'll test if there's also an absolute block reference stored in there.

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• IIM Calcutta &ndash; EPBM 14 &ndash; Campus Visit &ndash; Day 1 &ndash; Registration &amp; Beginning

  - by Ram Shankar Yadav

  Hey Guys! I’m back with the updates, it was an awesome Monday morning, for me it started when Sun came on my face, and the time was 5:30AM~~ I was amazed that this part of the country gets the sunrise quite early, but I ignored the sunlight for a while by covering my face, but…finally the door knocked….~ It was Mukesh, and the time was 6 AM, so I thought let’s get rid of laziness and start my day~ After having my brush and bath, I shaved and we headed for the Breakfast~ We quickly had our bread butter jam combo, and left for the Auditorium for Registration~ We searched for our names and signed the Registration paper and got a cool IIM C bag, with following in it: - a IIMC Notepad - Cello X Caliber pen - a book “What the Best MBAs Know”, and - Reading Material for Campus Sessions Today we had lectures on “Evolution of Indian Corporate Sector” (2 Session of 1.5 hrs each) and “Indian Economy: Crisis & Response” (2 Sessions of 1.5 hrs). “Evolution of Indian Corporate Sector” was by Prof. Raghabendra Chattopadhyay, was one of my best lectures I’ve ever attended in my life, he started with a question that saying that “The Indian Capitalists didn’t wanted the economy to open up till the economic reforms occurred?”, he is one of the best story tellers I’ve ever met, he started with the ancient European and Indian history and linked the trade & economics with it, simply amazing~ I can’t believe I didn’t get bore even after a 2hour long session…awesome~~ Afterward we had our lunch break, we did our lunch in “New Hostel” building and got back for “Indian Economy” sessions. Indian Economy session was taken by Sudip Chaudhuri, for us he’s a well known face as we have already attended his sessions on Macroeconomics~ It was an interactive, easy going, and a laughable session, and we did discussed some serious issues as well. After the class got over we went out and got few T-Shirts and Mugs for ourselves, and yep not to forget it “Rained” in Kolkata today~~ We got back and had our dinner and dispersed finally… I loved this amazing Monday, and hope the spirit continues till Saturday~ I’m feeling the enrichment in my thought and perceptions~ I’m lovin’ it~~ ram :)

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• Webcast: June 29th at 11am Eastern - Optimize ePermitting Reviews & Approvals with AutoVue

  - by Warren Baird

  I'm pleased to announce that the Enterprise Visualization special interest group (SIG) is organizing it's first webcast on June 29th - Palm Beach County is going to present how they use AutoVue as part of their e-permitting processes.  This is a must-see for anyone in the Public Sector, but even for people who aren't in the Public Sector, it should be very interesting to see how Palm Beach County has tied AutoVue tightly into their business processes.If you haven't already done so, I'd suggest joining up for our SIG at http://groups.google.com/group/enterprise_visualization_sig.The registration link for the webcast is: https://www3.gotomeeting.com/register/565294190 - more details are below:The Enterprise Visualization Special Interest Group (EVSIG) is proud to present the first in a series of webcasts designed to educate the AutoVue user community on innovative and compelling AutoVue solutions.  Attend the Webcast and discover how AutoVue can make building permit application and approval processes more efficient.Presenters:Oracle: Warren Baird, Principal Product Manager, AutoVue Enterprise VisualizationPalm Beach County: Paul Murphy, Systems IntegratorLaura Yonkers, Permit Section SupervisorChuck Lemon, Project Business AnalystAbstract:In their efforts to deliver better services to citizens, save money and “think green”, many cities, states and local governments have implemented online e-permitting processes that allow developers and citizens to apply for and receive building permits via the Web.Attend this webcast and discover how AutoVue visualization solutions enhance ePermitting processes by streamlining the review and approval of digital permit applications.  Hear from Palm Beach County about how they leveraging AutoVue within their ePermitting system to:·         provide structure to the land development review and approval process·         accelerate and improve efficiency throughout the permitting process·         decrease permit review times·         increase the level of transparency during the permit application and review process·         improve accountability in the organization·         improve citizen services by providing 24-7 ability to submit and track applicationsSign up for the Enterprise Visualization SIG to learn about future AutoVue Webcasts. Register today at http://groups.google.com/group/enterprise_visualization_sig and become a part of our growing online user community. We look forward to seeing you on the 29th of June.

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• Building the Bootsector of BIOSLOADER

  - by Kate Moss' Open Space

  Windows CE is a 32 bits OS since day one, so it makes sense tools shipped with PB, compiler, linker, assembler and etc, are for targeting to 32 bits system. But occasionally, if you are developing x86 based system and especially working on some boot code, such as boot sector of BIOSLOADER, that will be a problem. Normally, as PB provides the prebuilt boot sector image but if you ever need to rebuilt it, what should you do? You may say as it's an x86, perhaps you can use VS or Windows SDK to build it. But unfortunately, today's desktop Windows tool chains are also 32 or even 64 bits only, you need to find something older. VC++ 6.0, but how can you find one? This Website http://thestarman.pcministry.com/asm/masm.htm arranges some useful resources. Basically, you need 2 thing, the 16 bits MASM and 16 bits linker. Just make it even easier for you Download http://download.microsoft.com/download/vb60ent/Update/6/W9X2KXP/EN-US/vcpp5.exe for Assembler (MASM). Download http://download.microsoft.com/download/vc15/Update/1/WIN98/EN-US/Lnk563.exe for the Linker. And then just extract the archives and what you need is ml.exe, ml.err and link.exe

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• Welcome to the Oracle FedApps blog

  - by jeffrey.waterman

  Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0in; mso-para-margin-right:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0in; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} Congratulations, you have stumbled upon Oracle’s newest blog: The Federal Applications Blog. Periodically I plan to provide some insight into how Oracle’s application solutions are being applied, or how they can be applied, within the Federal Government. If you are a user of, or just interested in, Oracle’s applications in the Federal space and have questions/topics you would like to see addressed in this blog, please post a comment. So bear with me as I take a bit of time to refine the content, look and feel of this blog. http://www.oracle.com/us/industries/public-sector/038044.htm http://www.oracle.com/us/industries/public-sector/038046.htm -- JMW

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• Ubuntu installation does not recognize drive partitioning

  - by Woltan

  I have a 1TB drive and installed Windows 7 on a 128GB partition. When I now try to install Ubuntu 11.04 it does not recognize the Windows partition but offers the complete 1TB drive to install Ubuntu on instead. It displays: However, in the Ubuntu Disk Utility the Windows partitions are recognized. What do I need to do in order for Ubuntu to recognize the Windows 7 partition and install Ubuntu as a dual boot? Response to comments The following commands were executed and the results are shown below: fdisk -l WARNING: GPT (GUID Partition Table) detected on '/dev/sda'! The util fdisk doesn't support GPT. Use GNU Parted. Disk /dev/sda: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x34a38165 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 13 102400 7 HPFS/NTFS Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 13 16318 130969600 7 HPFS/NTFS Disk /dev/sdb: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x14a714a6 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 60801 488384001 83 Linux parted -l Warning: Unable to open /dev/sr0 read-write (Read-only file system). /dev/sr0 has been opened read-only. Error: /dev/sr0: unrecognised disk label

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• SD-CARD reader does not show in ubuntu

  - by shantanu

  I bought Acer asipre 4250. It have built-in SD card reader. But it is not working. Nothing show in /media or fdisk but something in dmesg. dmesg: new high-speed USB device number 3 using ehci_hcd [ 127.396733] scsi5 : usb-storage 2-2:1.0 [ 128.526562] scsi 5:0:0:0: Direct-Access Multiple Card Reader 1.00 PQ: 0 ANSI: 0 [ 128.532512] sd 5:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg2 type 0 [ 129.008110] ohci_hcd 0000:00:12.0: PCI INT A disabled [ 129.032083] ohci_hcd 0000:00:13.0: PCI INT A disabled [ 129.056411] ohci_hcd 0000:00:16.0: PCI INT A disabled [ 129.338026] sd 5:0:0:0: [sdb] Attached SCSI removable disk [ 129.808328] ohci_hcd 0000:00:14.5: PCI INT C disabled [ 167.728616] usb 2-2: USB disconnect, device number 3 [ 169.872284] ehci_hcd 0000:00:13.2: PCI INT B disabled [ 169.872340] ehci_hcd 0000:00:13.2: PME# enabled fdisk -l: Disk /dev/sda: 320.1 GB, 320072933376 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 38913 cylinders, total 625142448 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0006bc6d Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 48828415 24413184 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda2 48828416 50829311 1000448 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda3 50829312 99657727 24414208 83 Linux /dev/sda4 99659774 625141759 262740993 5 Extended Partition 4 does not start on physical sector boundary. /dev/sda5 99659776 275439615 87889920 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda6 275441664 451221503 87889920 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda7 451223552 625141759 86959104 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT I found another problem just right now. I format last three drives as EXT4 with disk utility. But they are showing as NTFS/exFAT in fdisk. :-(

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• Disk failure is imminent Laptop Hard drive ~5 months old

  - by Drew

  There's another post about this, but I don't have enough 'points' to say anything on that thread. So I'll start my own ... with more details! My computer still boots, but gnome domain reports problems with HDD smart. This has been confirmed in the bios as it makes me press f1 to boot up now. I tried running HDD disk check in the bios, but it fails running the tests. As in, running the tests failed not that the tests themselves indicated a failed drive. Here is what disk utility is reporting as failing: Reallocated Sector Count FAILING Normalized: 132 Worst: 132 Threshold: 140 Value: 544 Current Pending Sector Count WARNING Normalized: 200 Worst: 1 Threshold: 0 Value: 2 Is this related to the insane number of DRDY errors on the drive? kernel: [51345.233069] ata1.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x0 action 0x0 kernel: [51345.233076] ata1.00: BMDMA stat 0x4 kernel: [51345.233081] ata1.00: failed command: READ DMA kernel: [51345.233090] ata1.00: cmd c8/00:00:00:8b:4a/00:00:00:00:00/e0 tag 0 dma 131072 in kernel: [51345.233092] res 51/40:00:a8:8b:4a/10:04:00:00:00/e0 Emask 0x9 (media error) kernel: [51345.233097] ata1.00: status: { DRDY ERR } kernel: [51345.233103] ata1.00: error: { UNC } kernel: [51345.291929] ata1.00: configured for UDMA/100 kernel: [51345.291944] ata1: EH complete kernel: [51347.682748] ata1.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x0 action 0x0 kernel: [51347.682754] ata1.00: BMDMA stat 0x4 kernel: [51347.682759] ata1.00: failed command: READ DMA kernel: [51347.682768] ata1.00: cmd c8/00:00:00:8b:4a/00:00:00:00:00/e0 tag 0 dma 131072 in kernel: [51347.682770] res 51/40:00:a8:8b:4a/10:04:00:00:00/e0 Emask 0x9 (media error) kernel: [51347.682774] ata1.00: status: { DRDY ERR } kernel: [51347.682777] ata1.00: error: { UNC } Did Ubuntu 10.10 and/or EXT4 eat my work laptop? What steps can I take to backup my important information, which is probably the home folder. Please include steps to recover my data on the new hard drive as well. It does me little good to have backups I can't use.

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• YouTube: Promotional AgroSense Movie

  - by Geertjan

  Here's a cool YouTube promotional movie on AgroSense created by Ordina in the Netherlands. AgroSense is an open source Java system for the precision agriculture industry, which won the IT Environment Award in the Netherlands last week: If your understanding of Dutch limits your appreciation of the movie above, here's a rough translation, together with the names of the speakers in the movie: Precision agriculture, an innovative form of agriculture in which local variations in soil, crop, and atmosphere are taken into account, is the high-tech sustainable agriculture of tomorrow. The use of fertilizer, water, and energy can in this way be significantly reduced. "If, ten or twenty years from now, we are to continue having our agricultural industry in good shape, and in a continuing state of health, we'll need to register and work with data because if we want to enable crops to provide higher value, we'll need to create higher levels of transparency throughout the agriculture chain." Lenus Hamster, farmer in Nieuwolda Groningen "Industry is becoming increasingly data intensive. By combining pragmatic usefulness with innovative sustainability, AgroSense offers the Netherlands the possibility to continue being a leading player in the agrofood sector." Art Lighthart, Architect at Ordina AgroSense offers an open source solution in which all services for precision agriculture are brought together. In 2012, co-operation is being sought with organizations to make AgroSense available to around 10,000 Dutch farmers in the arable crop sector. By the way, the last sentence above implies the NetBeans Platform will be used by around 10,000 Dutch farmers.

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• My Android phone isn't being detected by Ubuntu

  - by Lara

  This is what I've got from terminal, looks like it can see the phone as a USB device just fine but isn't showing up under fdisk so I can't mount it. It automounts just fine in my VMWare Windows. And Internet tethering works fine while under Linux (haven't tried under Windows). Here's lsusb: Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 004 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub Bus 001 Device 002: ID 8087:0024 Intel Corp. Integrated Rate Matching Hub Bus 002 Device 002: ID 8087:0024 Intel Corp. Integrated Rate Matching Hub Bus 002 Device 019: ID 04d9:1135 Holtek Semiconductor, Inc. Bus 001 Device 003: ID 05ca:18c0 Ricoh Co., Ltd Bus 001 Device 004: ID 0489:e00f Foxconn / Hon Hai Foxconn T77H114 BCM2070 [Single-Chip Bluetooth 2.1 + EDR Adapter] Bus 003 Device 010: ID 04e8:6860 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd Bus 002 Device 012: ID 046d:c315 Logitech, Inc. Classic New Touch Keyboard And here's sudo fdisk -l: Disk /dev/sda: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders, total 976773168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0001ff06 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 2048 681845797 340921875 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda2 * 681846784 845686783 81920000 83 Linux /dev/sda3 845686784 968566783 61440000 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda4 968568830 972475081 1953126 5 Extended /dev/sda5 968568832 972475081 1953125 82 Linux swap / Solaris Disk /dev/mapper/cryptswap1: 2000 MB, 2000000000 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 243 cylinders, total 3906250 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0xbe4c2ec7 Disk /dev/mapper/cryptswap1 doesn't contain a valid partition table

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• Having issues using fdisk and GParted with Lexar 64GB USB, but reading and writing is fine

  - by MetaDark

  I have recently bought a new 64GB Lexar USB with the long model name of LJDV10-64G-000-106, and I am having issues partitioning it. I am able to mount, read and write to the USB without any issues but whenever I try to partition it with GParted it doesn't show up in the dropdown. Also while using the command sudo fdisk -l I receive the error fdisk: unable to seek on /dev/sdc: Invalid argument. This is a brand new USB so I am not sure why I am having these issues, especially since the device is functioning perfectly with read/write. I have tried reformatting it on a windows machine but that does not seem to do anything. For those who want a visual my USB looks almost exactly like But 64GB rather than 8GB Edit: I have just ran GParted from the terminal and I am getting a similar error, but it may give more information on the issue. Could not determine physical sector size for /dev/sdc. Using the logical sector size (512). Invalid argument during seek for read on /dev/sdc Also clearing my USB with /dev/zero fails with the the message $ sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdc bs=1M dd: writing `/dev/sdc': No space left on device 1+0 records in 0+0 records out 0 bytes (0 B) copied, 0.00167254 s, 0.0 kB/s

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• Can't access external hard drives or thumb drives

  - by calden

  I am not a complete linux noob but I don't know a lot either and would greatly appreciate some help with this. I just installed Ubuntu 10.10 onto my laptop. Everything is working great however USB devices such as thumb drives and external hard drives wont show up. I have been looking around a bit and when I run sudo fdisk -l it displays this: Disk /dev/sda: 250.1 GB, 250059350016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 30401 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00065684 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 29255 234983424 83 Linux /dev/sda2 29255 30402 9212929 5 Extended /dev/sda5 29255 30402 9212928 82 Linux swap / Solaris Disk /dev/sdb: 16.0 GB, 16026435072 bytes 64 heads, 32 sectors/track, 15283 cylinders Units = cylinders of 2048 * 512 = 1048576 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000df90d Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 * 1 15283 15649776 7 HPFS/NTFS It does seem to display my 16 gig thumb drive but other then seeing it here I cant access it to read and write files to it. It does the same with my external hard drive. I know those devices work as I have tried them on my other computer and they are working fine. Also this is what is in fstab if this will help anybody help me: proc /proc proc nodev,noexec,nosuid 0 0 /dev/sdb1 / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1 /dev/sdb5 none swap sw 0 0 Thank you very much for the help everyone.

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• Ubuntu installer does not show drives

  - by Tanweer Rashid

  I am trying to install Ubuntu 12.04 LTS on my Inspiron laptio, but the installer does not show any drives. My system has a 1TB SATA drive and a 32GB SSD. As far as I can figure, the boot files are kept on the SSD for fast startup (for Windows). During Win7 installation, I had to manually load drivers for RAID controller to see all available drives. Running fdisk -l from the live CD shows the following: ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders, total 1953525168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x234b4782 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 63 80324 40131 de Dell Utility /dev/sda2 * 81920 41627647 20772864 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda3 41627648 357019647 157696000 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda4 357019648 1953517567 798248960 f W95 Ext'd (LBA) /dev/sda5 672415744 1312966655 320275456 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda6 1312968704 1953517567 320274432 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT Disk /dev/sdb: 32.0 GB, 32017047552 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 3892 cylinders, total 62533296 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x234b474b Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 2048 16775167 8386560 84 OS/2 hidden C: drive ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ In the Ubuntu installer, I can only choose /dev/sdb for "Device for boot loader installation", and sdb doesn't show any drives. I cannot select /dev/sda. Any ideas anyone? Thanks.

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• Deleting Unused Swaps Partions

  - by Nikita Kononov

  Good evening everyone , I got a little issue with Swap Partitions. Due to some issues after installing Ubuntu first time, I reinstalled it and now I have 3 Swaps. Here is sudo fdisk -l result Disk /dev/sda: 750.2 GB, 750156374016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 91201 cylinders, total 1465149168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk identifier: 0xaa9693fe Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 2048 52430847 26214400 1c Hidden W95 FAT32 (LBA) /dev/sda2 * 52430848 540677076 244123114+ 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda3 540678142 1465147391 462234625 5 Extended Partition 3 does not start on physical sector boundary. /dev/sda5 1452750848 1465147391 6198272 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda6 1440352256 1452742655 6195200 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda7 540678144 1427951615 443636736 83 Linux /dev/sda8 1427953664 1440339967 6193152 82 Linux swap / Solaris So Swaps in /dev/sda5 and /dev/sda6 are no longer in use as far as I understand and thus I was planning to delete them, however faced a problem. What I did is download and burn Gparted Live CD and boot it up, tried to delete those partitions but I have no idea how to add 12GB unallocated memory to the existing OS partition in this case to /dev/sda7 Is there anyway I can delete 2 swaps and extend unallocated memory to /dev/sda7 partion? Thank you in advance!

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• Unable to mount NTFS Partition after resizing

  - by sam

  I was having only 15 GB space allocated to LINUX. I wanted to have more space available to linux. So I just re sized one of my ntfs partition using GParted. But after resizing I am not able to open the partition neither in Ubuntu nor in windows. OS: Dual Boot Win7/Ubuntu 10.10 The error message i get is the following: Error mounting: mount exited with exit code 12: Failed to read last sector (395458824): Invalid argument HINTS: Either the volume is a RAID/LDM but it wasn't setup yet, or it was not setup correctly (e.g. by not using mdadm --build ...), or a wrong device is tried to be mounted, or the partition table is corrupt (partition is smaller than NTFS), or the NTFS boot sector is corrupt (NTFS size is not valid). Failed to mount '/dev/sda5': Invalid argument The device '/dev/sda5' doesn't seem to have a valid NTFS. Maybe the wrong device is used? Or the whole disk instead of a partition (e.g. /dev/sda, not /dev/sda1)? Or the other way around?

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• SD Card only mounted after a reboot

  - by hattenn

  I have a Kingston 2GB MicroSD and I plug it in via an inconix MicroSD Adapter to the internal card reader of my Samsung N210 Netbook with Ubuntu 10.10, but it doesn't show up. Only if I reboot the system when the card's plugged in it shows up. Why does it need a reboot for mounting? sudo fdisk -l gives the output below. But I can only see the drive when I reboot the computer while the card's plugged. Disk /dev/sda: 160.0 GB, 160041885696 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 19457 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x9a5a7990 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 1 1959 15728640 27 Unknown Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 * 1959 1972 102400 7 HPFS/NTFS /dev/sda3 1972 18992 136718750 83 Linux /dev/sda4 18992 19458 3738625 5 Extended /dev/sda5 18992 19458 3738624 82 Linux swap / Solaris Disk /dev/sdb: 1973 MB, 1973420032 bytes 60 heads, 59 sectors/track, 1088 cylinders Units = cylinders of 3540 * 512 = 1812480 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 1089 1927100+ 6 FAT16

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• Ubuntu installation does not recognize drive partinioning

  - by Woltan

  I have a 1TB drive and installed Windows 7 on a 128GB partition. When I now try to install Ubuntu 11.04 it does not recognize the Windows partition but offers the complete 1TB drive to install Ubuntu on instead. It displays: However, in the Ubuntu Disk Utility the Windows partitions are recognized. What do I need to do in order for Ubuntu to recognize the Windows 7 partition and install Ubuntu as a dual boot? Response to comments The following commands were executed and the results are shown below: fdisk -l WARNING: GPT (GUID Partition Table) detected on '/dev/sda'! The util fdisk doesn't support GPT. Use GNU Parted. Disk /dev/sda: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x34a38165 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 13 102400 7 HPFS/NTFS Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 13 16318 130969600 7 HPFS/NTFS Disk /dev/sdb: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x14a714a6 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 60801 488384001 83 Linux parted -l Warning: Unable to open /dev/sr0 read-write (Read-only file system). /dev/sr0 has been opened read-only. Error: /dev/sr0: unrecognised disk label

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