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• How to become a professional web developer from a C/C++ programmer?

  - by user1050165

  I am new here. This is my first post on stackoverflow. I am currently a high school student and know how to use Pascal and C/C++ to take part in competitions such as the Informatics in Olympiad. I have learnt data structure and many algorithms to solve various kinds of problems. Now, I want to move on to become a web developer. However, I know web development is quite different from competitive programming. To make a web application, I have to master HTML, Database, Backend programming etc. But these are all look like separate pieces of information. I don't know where to start and what order should I follow. Anybody who can give a comprehensive list of learning points? I know there are HTML, Ruby on Rails, CSS and Javascript. What else? More importantly, can someone give a brief outline of their relationship? I hope I can get help from you asap. Thanks!

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• Why am I getting this error : "ExecuteReader: Connection property has not been initialized." [migrated]

  - by Olga

  I'm trying to read .csv file to import its contents to SQL table I'm getting error: ExecuteReader: Connection property has not been initialized. at the last line of this code: Function ImportData(ByVal FU As FileUpload, ByVal filename As String, ByVal tablename As String) As Boolean Try Dim xConnStr As String = "Driver={Microsoft Text Driver (*.txt; *.csv)};dbq=" & Path.GetDirectoryName(Server.MapPath(filename)) & ";extensions=asc,csv,tab,txt;" ' create your excel connection object using the connection string Dim objXConn As New System.Data.Odbc.OdbcConnection(xConnStr.Trim()) objXConn.Open() Dim objCommand As New OdbcCommand(String.Format("SELECT * FROM " & Path.GetFileName(Server.MapPath(filename)), objXConn)) If objXConn.State = ConnectionState.Closed Then objXConn.Open() Else objXConn.Close() objXConn.Open() End If ' create a DataReader Dim dr As OdbcDataReader dr = objCommand.ExecuteReader()

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• How can i be sure that professional programming is not for me ?

  - by user17766

  Hello everybody I love programming, developing projects for hobby and learning new concepts. I am getting harder too much in current job Despite learnt many thing well. I can even hardly understand assigned tasks. I am asking why i am getting harder to myself. It may not my fault? Our architecture doesn't spend enough time to explain complicated sides of project for us or i am not enough smart one for understand fastly. Our architecture also doesn't know what kind of hell he is creating ? Seeing 3 level generic types and 4-5 level generic inheritance in domain model objects hell makes me think so really. It looks abusing concepts more than reduce complexity. Thinking that he hasn't experienced before such a big project while he is getting confused in problems of the project. May i am not in right company ? May i am not good programmer ? May i am really stupid ? Become good in programming concepts is not enough to deal big project's complications so someone should to tell me that i have to still effort too much even i am good programmer for adopting myself to any big project ? Also i had another bad experiences from previous job but my professional experiences is almost few months but i spend 2 years for learning and coding for fun and i really can say that i have well skills on OOP, Design Patterns, coding standards and deep knowledge in language currently used. Sometimes i am thinking to leave programming professionally and work in any lame job while doing programming just for hobby. Waiting suggestions and insights

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• I need help with some terminology

  - by Christine

  I'm not a programmer; I'm a freelance writer and researcher. I have a client who'd looking for stats on certain "threats" to the apps market. One of them is cowboy coding. (I know what that means; that's not my question.) Specifically, he wants to see numbers regarding how many apps have failed/crashed/removed because of errors made by, in essence, sloppy coding. (I'm not here to debate the merits of cowboy coding, and whether or not it is sloppy; work with me here.) I've used every possible search term/phrase I can think of, but I can't find any hard numbers, just anecdotal evidence. Have any of you seen any reports that have this kind of data?

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• Getting from a user-story to code while using TDD (scrum)

  - by Ittai

  I'm getting into scrum and TDD and I think I have some confusion which I'd like to get your feedback about. Let's assume I have a user-story in my backlog, in order for me to start developing it as part of TDD I need to have requirements, right so far? Is it true to say that the product manager and the QA should be responsible for taking the user-story and breaking it down to acceptance tests? I think the above is true since the acceptance tests need to be formal, so they can be used as tests, but also human readable so that the product can approve they are the requirements, right? Is it also true that I later take these acceptance tests and use them as my requirements, i.e. they are a set of use-cases which I implement (through TDD)? I hope I'm not making too much of a mess but that's the current flow I have in mind right now. Update I think my initial intentions were unclear so I'll try to rephrase. I want to know more details about the scrum flow of turning a user-story into code while using TDD. The starting point is obvious, a user surfaces a need (or the user's representative as the product) which is a short 1-2 lines description in the known format and that is added to the product backlog. When there is a spring planning meeting user-stories are taken from the backlog and assigned to developers. In order for a developer to write code they need requirements (especially in TDD since the requirements are what the tests are derived from). When, by whom and to which format are the requirements compiled? What I had in mind was that the product and QA define the requirements via acceptance tests (I'm thinking of automatic using FitNesse or the sort but that's not the core I think) which help to serve 2 purposes at the same time: They define "Done" properly. They give a developer something to derive tests from. I wasn't sure when these were written (before the sprint they're picked then that might be a waste since additional information will arrive or the story won't be picked, during the iteration then the developer might get stuck waiting for them...)

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• Is it wise to store a big lump of json on a database row

  - by Ieyasu Sawada

  I have this project which stores product details from amazon into the database. Just to give you an idea on how big it is: [{"title":"Genetic Engineering (Opposing Viewpoints)","short_title":"Genetic Engineering ...","brand":"","condition":"","sales_rank":"7171426","binding":"Book","item_detail_url":"http://localhost/wordpress/product/?asin=0737705124","node_list":"Books > Science & Math > Biological Sciences > Biotechnology","node_category":"Books","subcat":"","model_number":"","item_url":"http://localhost/wordpress/wp-content/ecom-plugin-redirects/ecom_redirector.php?id=128","details_url":"http://localhost/wordpress/product/?asin=0737705124","large_image":"http://localhost/wordpress/wp-content/plugins/ecom/img/large-notfound.png","medium_image":"http://localhost/wordpress/wp-content/plugins/ecom/img/medium-notfound.png","small_image":"http://localhost/wordpress/wp-content/plugins/ecom/img/small-notfound.png","thumbnail_image":"http://localhost/wordpress/wp-content/plugins/ecom/img/thumbnail-notfound.png","tiny_img":"http://localhost/wordpress/wp-content/plugins/ecom/img/tiny-notfound.png","swatch_img":"http://localhost/wordpress/wp-content/plugins/ecom/img/swatch-notfound.png","total_images":"6","amount":"33.70","currency":"$","long_currency":"USD","price":"$33.70","price_type":"List Price","show_price_type":"0","stars_url":"","product_review":"","rating":"","yellow_star_class":"","white_star_class":"","rating_text":" of 5","reviews_url":"","review_label":"","reviews_label":"Read all ","review_count":"","create_review_url":"http://localhost/wordpress/wp-content/ecom-plugin-redirects/ecom_redirector.php?id=132","create_review_label":"Write a review","buy_url":"http://localhost/wordpress/wp-content/ecom-plugin-redirects/ecom_redirector.php?id=19186","add_to_cart_action":"http://localhost/wordpress/wp-content/ecom-plugin-redirects/add_to_cart.php","asin":"0737705124","status":"Only 7 left in stock.","snippet_condition":"in_stock","status_class":"ninstck","customer_images":["http://localhost/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/ecom_images/51M2vvFvs2BL.jpg","http://localhost/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/ecom_images/31FIM-YIUrL.jpg","http://localhost/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/ecom_images/51M2vvFvs2BL.jpg","http://localhost/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/ecom_images/51M2vvFvs2BL.jpg"],"disclaimer":"","item_attributes":[{"attr":"Author","value":"Greenhaven Press"},{"attr":"Binding","value":"Hardcover"},{"attr":"EAN","value":"9780737705126"},{"attr":"Edition","value":"1"},{"attr":"ISBN","value":"0737705124"},{"attr":"Label","value":"Greenhaven Press"},{"attr":"Manufacturer","value":"Greenhaven Press"},{"attr":"NumberOfItems","value":"1"},{"attr":"NumberOfPages","value":"224"},{"attr":"ProductGroup","value":"Book"},{"attr":"ProductTypeName","value":"ABIS_BOOK"},{"attr":"PublicationDate","value":"2000-06"},{"attr":"Publisher","value":"Greenhaven Press"},{"attr":"SKU","value":"G0737705124I2N00"},{"attr":"Studio","value":"Greenhaven Press"},{"attr":"Title","value":"Genetic Engineering (Opposing Viewpoints)"}],"customer_review_url":"http://localhost/wordpress/wp-content/ecom-customer-reviews/0737705124.html","flickr_results":["http://localhost/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/ecom_images/5105560852_06c7d06f14_m.jpg"],"freebase_text":"No around the web data available yet","freebase_image":"http://localhost/wordpress/wp-content/plugins/ecom/img/freebase-notfound.jpg","ebay_related_items":[{"title":"Genetic Engineering (Introducing Issues With Opposing Viewpoints), , Good Book","image":"http://localhost/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/ecom_images/140.jpg","url":"http://localhost/wordpress/wp-content/ecom-plugin-redirects/ecom_redirector.php?id=12165","currency_id":"$","current_price":"26.2"},{"title":"Genetic Engineering Opposing Viewpoints by DAVID BENDER - 1964 Hardcover","image":"http://localhost/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/ecom_images/140.jpg","url":"http://localhost/wordpress/wp-content/ecom-plugin-redirects/ecom_redirector.php?id=130","currency_id":"AUD","current_price":"11.99"}],"no_follow":"rel=\"nofollow\"","new_tab":"target=\"_blank\"","related_products":[],"super_saver_shipping":"","shipping_availability":"","total_offers":"7","added_to_cart":""}] So the structure for the table is: asin title details (the product details in json) Will the performance suffer if I have to store like 10,000 products? Is there any other way of doing this? I'm thinking of the following, but the current setup is really the most convenient one since I also have to use the data on the client side: store the product details in a file. So something like ASIN123.json store the product details in one big file. (I'm guessing it will be a drag to extract data from this file) store each of the fields in the details in its own table field Thanks in advance!

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• Windows Mobile Interview Question Categories

  - by Ramesh Patel

  I need to set categories for interviewing candidates for Windows Mobile Development. Like for ASP.NET, we can have OOPS .NET Framework (CLR, BCL, MSIL etc) Javascript, jQuery Data Controls ADO.NET SQL Server For Windows Mobile, which are categories that should be included? Being specific to our current product, it has not UI and will run in background. Security is the first thing to take into account. It is a SPY kind of application that will keep track of user activity. It can be used by companies to monotor their employees.

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• Donald Ferguson says end-user programming is next big thing. Is it?

  - by Joris Meys

  You can guess how I came to ask this question... Anyway : http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-11944966 Donald Ferguson claiming that his websphere was his biggest disaster and proclaiming that end-user programming will be the way forward. This genuinely spurs the question : what with current programming languages. Honestly, I don't think that end-user programming will go much beyond a rather rigid template where you can build some apps around. If you see how many people actually manage to understand the basic functionality of functions in EXCEL... Plus, I fail to see how complex and performant systems can be built in such an end-user programming language ( Visual Basic, anyone?) Nice to play around with, but for many applications they're just not the thing. So no worries for the old languages if you ask me. What's your ideas?

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• when to introduce an application services tier in an n-tier application

  - by user20358

  I am developing a web based application whose primary objective is to fetch data from the database, display it on the UI, take in user inputs and write them back to the database. The application is not going to be doing any industrial strength algorithm crunching, but will be receiving a very high number of hits at peak times (described below) which will be changing thru the day. The layers are your typical Presentation, Business, Data. The data layer is taken care of by the database server. The business layer will contain the DAL component to access the database server over tcp. The choices I have to separate these layers into tiers are: The presentation and business layers can be either kept on the same tier. The presentation layer on a separate tier by itself and the business layer on a separate tier by itself. In the case of choice 2, the business layer will be accessed by the presentation layer using a WCF service either over http or tcp. I don't see any heavy processing being done on the Business layer, so I am leaning towards option 1 above. I also feel for the same reason, adding a new tier will only introduce the network latency. However, in terms of scalability in case I need to scale up or scale out, which is a better way to go? This application will need to be able to support up to 6 million users an hour. There will be a reasonable amount of data in each user session, storing user's preferences and other details. I will be using page level caching as well.

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• Troubleshooting VC++ DLL in VB.Net

  - by Jolyon

  I'm trying to make a solution in Visual Studio that consists of a VC++ DLL and a VB.Net application. To figure this out, I created a VC++ Class Library project, with the following code (I removed all the junk the wizard creates): mathfuncs.cpp: #include "MathFuncs.h" namespace MathFuncs { double MyMathFuncs::Add(double a, double b) { return a + b; } } mathfuncs.h: using namespace System; namespace MathFuncs { public ref class MyMathFuncs { public: static double Add(double a, double b); }; } This compiles quite happily. I can then add a VC++ console project to the solution, add a reference to the original project for this new project, and call it as follows: test.cpp: using namespace System; int main(array<System::String ^> ^args) { double a = 7.4; int b = 99; Console::WriteLine("a + b = {0}", MathFuncs::MyMathFuncs::Add(a, b)); return 0; } This works just fine, and will build to test.exe and mathsfuncs.dll. However, I want to use a VB.Net project to call the DLL. To do this, I add a VB.Net project to the solution, make it the startup project, and add a reference to the original project. Then, I attempt to use it as follows: MsgBox(MathFuncs.MyMathFuncs.Add(1, 2)) However, when I run this code, it gives me an error: "Could not load file or assembly 'MathFuncsAssembly, Version=0.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null' or one of its dependencies. An attempt was made to load a program with an incorrect format." Do I need to expose the method somehow? I'm using Visual Studio 2008 Professional.

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• Why does the word "Pythonic" exist?

  - by Billy ONeal

  Honestly, I hate the word "Pythonic" -- it's used as a simple synonym of "good" in many circles, and I think that's pretentious. Those who use it are silently saying that good code cannot be written in a language other than Python. Not saying Python is a bad language, but it's certainly not the "end all be all language to solve ALL of everyone's problems forever!" (Because that language does not exist). What it seems like people who use this word really mean is "idiomatic" rather than "Pythonic" -- and of course the word "idiomatic" already exists. Therefore I wonder: Why does the word "Pythonic" exist?

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• A talk about observer pattern

  - by Martin

  As part of a university course I'm taking, I have to hold a 10 minute talk about the observer pattern. So far these are my points: What is it? (defenition) Polling is an alternative Polling VS Observer When Observer is better When Polling is better (taken from here) A statement that Mediator pattern is worth checking out. (I won't have time to cover it in 10 minutes) I would be happy to hear about: Any suggestions to add something? Another alternative (if exists)

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• Would this violate any copyright issues?

  - by Farhad

  I am currently publishing a paper on skin detection. However, I need to find the appropriate histogram bin size for each colorspace. I recently came upon a paper that published what it found to be the ideal bin size. The paper can be found at: http://www.inf.pucrs.br/~pinho/CG/Trabalhos/DetectaPele/Artigos/OPTIMUM%20COLOR%20SPACES%20FOR%20SKIN%20DETECTION.pdf. I am specifically talking about Table 1. If I cite the source, would it be okay for me to use data from the table? Note that I cannot contact the author of the paper.

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• Is donationware a good monetization model for developers?

  - by Nathan Campos

  I've been developing for Android for about 2 years (and ~1 year for iOS), releasing freeware and open source applications (mostly because my AdSense account was disabled in 2010), but recently I had an idea for a great app that I wanted to get some money, since it would take some effort to develop and also I would like to test this "commercial" model to know if this could make me invest more time improving and making my apps better. Since my AdSense account was disabled and then I'll not be about to sell it on the Google Play Store, I thought about making it a donationware so I would distribute it for free (and probably open source too) and users that really liked the app and wanted to give me a thanks and a incentive to continue developing it could donate any amount of money. So, what's your experience with donationware? Is it worth compared to paid apps?

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• Developing JSON API for a Carpool Engine

  - by Siddharth

  I am developing a new set of API methods for carpooling/cab booking, so if a developer needs to develop an app or webportal for carpooling, he can call my JSON API. Basically making it easy for developers. My API current has: AddVehicle AddJourney SearchJourney SubscribeToThisJourney(journey) SubscriberList(journey) to get list of people who have subscribed for this journey AcceptSubscription(subscriber) AcceptedSubcriberList SubscriberList to get list of providers I have subscribed to I need help with replacing subscriber with something else. It's difficult to remember, and confusing when you see 3 methods that mean very different things: SubscriberList, SubscribedToThisJourneyList and AcceptedSubscriberList. Confusing to remember. One is a list of who I have subscribed to Who has subscribed to me Whose subscription I have accepted How can I name these methods to make them easier to understand and remember?

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• Security programming jobs

  - by Mike Smith

  I am a student, about to finish my undergraduate in Computer Science in about a year. I am very interested in computer/network security, but I also love programming. Is there a job or subfield that is a fusion of both? I have programmed everything from games to barcode readers to web bots, and I know for sure that I want to do some kind of programming, but ideally I would like to do some kind of software development involving computer security. Any advice would be appreciated.

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• Documenting and enforcing programming standards and guidelines for shared library

  - by dreza

  Myself and another developer with the go ahead from our IT director have started a general purpose library in .NET with the intention that it will provide many common purpose classes that we use in our day to day development. During discussions and design of the library we have come up with a set of standards that we want the library to follow to ensure it is maintained and expanded on in a consistent manner. What is the best way to ensure these decisions we made for the library get feed to the other developers who might be using and adding to this library in the future. One of our decisions was to ensure we review all checked in code so we expect initially there to be some differences in coding styles of individuals not fitting in with the project standards. Some ideas I had were: Add a Read-me.txt to the project that outline the guidelines and standards Send an email out to everyone in the team to let them know about the project etc Call a team meeting to go through this new project and our expectations and standards we were aiming to follow Try and enforce the standards via Visual Studio (not sure if this would be possible or how just an idea) At the moment there is no general company programming standards so this would be a first really insofar as we are creating a standard that different project teams would need to adhere to.

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• Web workflow solution - how should I approach the design?

  - by Tom Pickles

  We've been tasked with creating a web based workflow tool to track change management. It has a single workflow with multiple synchronous tasks for the most part, but branch out at a point to tasks running in parallel which meet up later on. There will be all sorts of people using the application, and all of them will need to see their outstanding tasks for each change, but only theirs, not others. There will also be a high level group of people who oversee all changes, so need to see everything. They will need to see tasks which have not been done in the specified time, who's responsible etc. The data will be persisted to a SQL database. It'll all be put together using .Net. I've been trying to learn and implement OOP into my designs of late, but I'm wondering if this is moot in this instance as it may be better to have the business logic for this in stored procedures in the DB. I could use POCO's, a front end layer and a data access layer for the web application and just use it as a mechanism for CRUD actions on the DB, then use SP's fired in the DB to apply the business rules. On the other hand, I could use an object oriented design within the web app, but as the data in the app is state-less, is this a bad idea? I could try and model out the whole application into a class structure, implementing interfaces, base classes and all that good stuff. So I would create a change class, which contained a list of task classes/types, which defined each task, and implement an ITask interface etc. Put end-user types into the tasks to identify who should be doing what task. Then apply all the business logic in the respective class methods etc. What approach do you guys think I should be using for this solution?

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• Best approach for a flexible layout for ASP.NET application

  - by Rohith Nair

  I am looking for a best approach for designing a dynamic page. I want my users to be able to determine the position of set of controls to be loaded into a page. Should be able to add new controls or swap in and out new controls into an existing page. Eg: Portal based applications,iGoogle kind of websites I am afraid that I will be re-inventing the wheel if I go and create a portal structure for my web application. There are a couple of things in my mind to look into: Good third-party suites which can do the same Should I look into Silverlight RIA application? I have researched about the Infragistics and Telerik controls and the price is high for just a control like LayoutManager which I need. Any alternatives? What is the best approach for this kind of situation, to add to the list?

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• When to use shared libraries for a web framework?

  - by CamelBlues

  tl;dr: I've found myself hosting a bunch of sites running on the same web framework (symfony 1.4). Would it be helpful if I moved all of the shared library code into the same directory and shared it across the sites? more I see some advantages to this: Each site takes up less disk space Library updates (an unlikely scenario) can take place across all sites I also see some disadvantages, mostly in terms of a single point of failure and the inability to have sites using different versions of the framework. My real concern, though, is performance. I hypothesize that I will see a performance increase, since the PHP code will already be cached for all sites when they call the framework. Is this a correct hypothesis?

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• Android SDK vs NDK in oppurtunities and career scope

  - by Gopal S Akshintala

  Hi I am very much interested in Android Mobile Developement and I am equally comfortable with Java and C/C++. I would like to build my career in Android. So I am confused on to which way to go, wheather as Android SDK developer or NDK developer. Please advice me pros n cons of both and also the career scope and oppurtunities in both(With factors like excitement in Job, Payroll, competetion, Openings in Job Market, career growth etc).Thanks...:)

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• Questioning pythonic type checking

  - by Pace

  I've seen countless times the following approach suggested for "taking in a collection of objects and doing X if X is a Y and ignoring the object otherwise" def quackAllDucks(ducks): for duck in ducks: try: duck.quack("QUACK") except AttributeError: #Not a duck, can't quack, don't worry about it pass The alternative implementation below always gets flak for the performance hit caused by type checking def quackAllDucks(ducks): for duck in ducks: if hasattr(duck,"quack"): duck.quack("QUACK") However, it seems to me that in 99% of scenarios you would want to use the second solution because of the following: If the user gets the parameters wrong then they will not be treated like a duck and there will be no indication. A lot of time will be wasted debugging why there is no quacking going on until the user finally realizes his silly mistake. The second solution would throw a stack trace as soon the user tried to quack. If the user has any bugs in their quack() method which cause an AttributeError then those bugs will be silently swallowed. Once again time will be wasted digging for the bug when the second solution would simply give a stack trace showing the immediate issue. In fact, it seems to me that the only time you would ever want to use the first method is when: The block of code in question is in an extremely performance critical section of your application. Following the principal of "avoid premature optimization" you would only realize this of course, after you had implemented the safer approach and found it to be a bottleneck. There are many types of quacking objects out there and you are only interested in quacking objects that quack with a very specific set of arguments (this seems to be a very rare case to me). Given this, why is it that so many people prefer the first approach over the second approach? What is it that I am missing? Also, I realize there are other solutions (such as using abcs) but these are the two solutions I seem to see most often for the basic case.

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• Best approach for a clinic database

  - by user18013

  As a practical assignment for the database course I'm taking I've been instructed to create a database for a local clinic, I've meet with the doctors a couple of times and discussed the information that needs to be stored in the database from personal to medical. Now I'm facing a tough decision because I've been given two choices: either to implement the database as a "local website" which only operates inside the clinic via WiFi, or to implement the front-end as a regular desktop application connecting to a shared database. Note: I've a 40 days deadline to deliver the first prototype and meet with my client. My questions are: 1- which approach should I go with given that I've more experience with desktop applications programming than web? 2- if I go with desktop front-ends what would be the best way to synchronize the database between all clients?? I've no experience and having searched for an answer a lot but came up with nothing detailed on this matter. 3- if I go with the web solution which choice would be best PHP & MySQL or ASP.NET & SQL Server or a different combination?? (given that my knowledge in both PHP & ASP.NET are nearly the same).

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• Project structure: where to put business logic

  - by Mister Smith

  First of all, I'm not asking where does business logic belong. This has been asked before and most answers I've read agree in that it belongs in the model: Where to put business logic in MVC design? How much business logic should be allowed to exist in the controller layer? How accurate is "Business logic should be in a service, not in a model"? Why put the business logic in the model? What happens when I have multiple types of storage? However people disagree in the way this logic should be distributed across classes. There seem to exist three major currents of thought: Fat model with business logic inside entity classes. Anemic model and business logic in "Service" classes. It depends. I find all of them problematic. The first option is what most Fowlerites stick to. The problem with a fat model is that sometimes a business logic funtion is not only related to a class, and instead uses a bunch of other classes. If, for example, we are developing a web store, there should be a function that calcs an order's total. We could think of putting this function inside the Order class, but what actually happens is that the logic needs to use different classes, not only data contained in the Order class, but also in the User class, the Session class, and maybe the Tax class, Country class, or Giftcard, Payment, etc. Some of these classes could be composed inside the Order class, but some others not. Sorry if the example is not very good, but I hope you understand what I mean. Putting such a function inside the Order class would break the single responsibility principle, adding unnecesary dependences. The business logic would be scattered across entity classes, making it hard to find. The second option is the one I usually follow, but after many projects I'm still in doubt about how to name the class or classes holding the business logic. In my company we usually develop apps with offline capabilities. The user is able to perform entire transactions offline, so all validation and business rules should be implemented in the client, and then there's usually a background thread that syncs with the server. So we usually have the following classes/packages in every project: Data model (DTOs) Data Access Layer (Persistence) Web Services layer (Usually one class per WS, and one method per WS method). Now for the business logic, what is the standard approach? A single class holding all the logic? Multiple classes? (if so, what criteria is used to distribute the logic across them?). And how should we name them? FooManager? FooService? (I know the last one is common, but in our case it is bad naming because the WS layer usually has classes named FooWebService). The third option is probably the right one, but it is also devoid of any useful info. To sum up: I don't like the first approach, but I accept that I might have been unable to fully understand the Zen of it. So if you advocate for fat models as the only and universal solution you are welcome to post links explaining how to do it the right way. I'd like to know what is the standard design and naming conventions for the second approach in OO languages. Class names and package structure, in particular. It would also be helpful too if you could include links to Open Source projects showing how it is done. Thanks in advance.

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• Formalizing a requirements spec written in narrative English

  - by ProfK

  I have a fairly technical functionality requirements spec, expressed in English prose, produced by my project manager. It is structured as a collection of UI tabs, where the requirements for each tab are expressed as a lit of UI fields and a list of business rules for the tab. Most business rules are for UI fields on a tab, e.g: a) Must be alphanumeric, max length 20. b) Must be a dropdown, with values from table x. c) Is mandatory. d) Is mandatory under certain conditions, e.g. another field is just populated, or has a specific value. Then other business rules get a little more complex. The spec is for a job application, so the central business object (table) is the Applicant, and we have several other tables with one-to-many relationships with applicant, such as Degree, HighSchool, PreviousEmployer, Diploma, etc. e) One such complex rule says a status field can only be assigned a certain value if a many-side record exists in at least one of the many-side tables. E.g. the Applicant has at least one HighSchool or at least one Diploma record. I am looking for advice on how to codify these requirements into a more structured specification defined in terms of tables, fields, and relationships, especially for the conditional rules for fields and for the presence of related records. Any suggestions and advice will be most welcome, but I would be overjoyed if i could find an already defined system or structure for expressing things like this.

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