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  • Consistency in placing operator functions

    - by wrongusername
    I have a class like this: class A { ...private functions, variables, etc... public: ...some public functions and variables... A operator * (double); A operator / (double); A operator * (A); ...and lots of other operators } However, I want to also be able to do stuff like 2 * A instead of only being allowed to do A * 2, and so I would need functions like these outside of the class: A operator * (double, A); A operator / (double, A); ...etc... Should I put all these operators outside of the class for consistency, or should I keep half inside and half outside?

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  • Member variable in C++ class that is always constant for all objects of that class?

    - by user1799323
    I'm constructing a class where I have three member variables that I want to always be the same value NO MATTER WHAT. I have class foo{ public: double var_1, var_2, var_3; double x=1, y=2, z=3; [functions go here] }; that gave me an error since I can't initialize a variable like that. But I want x, y and z to always be 1, 2 and 3 respectively. I tried defining them outside the class but that doesn't work since I want them to be member variables of the class. How do I do this?

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  • How do game trainers change an address in memory that's dynamic?

    - by GameTrainersWTF
    Lets assume I am a game and I have a global int* that contains my health. A game trainer's job is to modify this value to whatever in order to achieve god mode. I've looked up tutorials on game trainers to understand how they work, and the general idea is to use a memory scanner to try and find the address of a certain value. Then modify this address by injecting a dll or whatever. But I made a simple program with a global int* and its address changes every time I run the app, so I don't get how game trainers can hard code these addresses? Or is my example wrong? What am I missing?

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  • Function in xcode

    - by Joy
    I have a function which have two global variable 1.temp-a nsmutable array 2.j-a int type variable. But i cant access any global variable inside this function. I'm giving the code sample. void print( NSArray *array) { NSEnumerator *enumerator = [array objectEnumerator]; id obj; while ( nil!=(obj = [enumerator nextObject]) ) { NSString *tem=[[obj description] cString]; [temp insertObject:tem atIndex:j]; j=j+1; printf( "%s\n", [[obj description] cString]); } } Looking forward to your response. Thanks in advance..

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  • Objective C: Can't find .js file in my mainBundle?!

    - by Nic Hubbard
    This is driving me crazy as I cannot figure out what in the world is going on. I load up files form you main bundle all the time, xml files, html files, etc. But, now I am trying to get the contents of a javascript file but it can never find it. I am using: NSData *jsData = [NSData dataWithContentsOfFile:[[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"global" ofType:@"js"]]; if (jsData) { NSLog(@"%@", jsData); } else { NSLog(@"Can't find file"); return; } Even checking the [[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"global" ofType:@"js"] string returns null. My activity.js file is in my Resources folder, the exact location where my other files are location that work totally fine using the above method. Why can't it find my js file?

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  • Formal name of Magento’s Class Override Design Pattern?

    - by Alan Storm
    Magento is a newish (past 5 years) PHP based Ecommerce system with an architecture that's similar to the Java Spring framework (or so I've been told) One of the features of the Framework is certain classes are not directly instantiated. Rather than do something like $model = new Mage_Foo_Model_Name(); you pass an identifier into a static method on a global application object $model = Mage::getModel('foo/name'); and this instantiates the class for you. One of the wins with this approach is getModel checks a global configuration system for the foo/name identifier, and instantiates the class name it finds in the configuration system. This allows you to change the behavior of a Model system wide with a single configuration change. Is there a formal, Gang of Four or otherwise, name that describes this system/design pattern? The instantiation itself looks like a classic Factory pattern, but I'm specifically interested in the whole "override a class in the system via configuration" aspect. Is there a name/concept that covers this, or is it contained within the worldview of a Factory?

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  • Confused with objects in Ruby

    - by David
    Ruby Newbie here, I understand that everything is an object in Ruby, one thing that I wasn't sure about was understanding Variables. Variables basically give reference to objects (correct me if I'm wrong). During an instructional video, the teacher did a demonstration which went as below: (irb) a = 100 ==> 100 b = a ==> 100 b ==> 100 This part I get, makes total sense. Then he did a = 50 ==> 50 b ==> 100 If B is supposed to point to what a was set which was a 100, why does b still point to 100 if a has now been set as 50?

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  • Lua operations, that works in mutitheaded environment

    - by SBKarr
    My application uses Lua in multithreaded environment with global mutex. It implemented like this: Thread locks mutex, Call lua_newthread Perform some initialization on coroutine Run lua_resume on coroutine Unlocks mutex lua_lock/unlock is not implemented, GC is stopped, when lua works with coroutine. My question is, can I perform steps 2 and 3 without locking, if initialisation process does not requires any global Lua structs? Can i perform all this process without locking at all, if coroutine does not requires globals too? In what case I generally can use Lua functions without locking?

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  • Java - Does null variable require space in memory

    - by Yatendra Goel
    class CheckStore { private String displayText; private boolean state; private String meaningfulText; private URL url; public CheckStore(String text, boolean state) { this.displayText = text; this.state = state; } : : } As I am initializing only two variables (displayText and state) in the constructor, Will the rest two variables (meaningfulText and url which will have the value null) will require space in memory to store null value. Q1. I think they will require space. If they will, then how much memory does a null value takes in the memory (like int takes 4 bytes). Q2. How much space a string takes in memory. I guess it will depend on the length of the string. So how much space a string takes of how much length?

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  • Post values in PHP Headers

    - by kumar
    Hi.. I want send some data to a remote webpage from my site. Actually it can be achieved through form hidden variables. but for security reason, i want set as post variables in header and then send to that webpage. i use this code $post_data = 'var1=123&var2=456'; $content_length = strlen($post_data); header('POST http://localhost/testing/test.php HTTP/1.1'); header('Host: localhost'); header('Connection: close'); header('Content-type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded'); header('Content-length: ' . $content_length); header($post_data); but my code doesn't work properly. help me...

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  • Performance implications of using a variable versus a magic number

    - by Nathan
    I'm often confused by this. I've always been taught to name numbers I use often using variables or constants, but if it reduces the efficiency of the program, should I still do it? Heres an example: private int CenterText(Font font, PrintPageEventArgs e, string text) { int recieptCenter = 125; int stringLength = Convert.ToInt32(e.Graphics.MeasureString(text, font)); return recieptCenter - stringLength / 2; } The above code is using named variables, but runs slower then this code: private int CenterText(Font font, PrintPageEventArgs e, string text) { return 125 - Convert.ToInt32(e.Graphics.MeasureString(text, font) / 2); } In this example, the difference in execution time is minimal, but what about in larger blocks of code?

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  • PHP class that changes an image and reloads the page not displaying new image in Internet Explorer

    - by Stuart
    I have a class that runs a function when the image is clicked on to display an additional image. This function produces a linked div tag that reloads the page with a set of variables that then produces another image. The image is set as a background image on a large div tag behind the linked div tags to give the same effect as an image map but without using an image map or a SVG. This works perfectly in Chrome and Firefox but will not display the new image in Internet Explorer until you F5 the page again with the get variables in the URL? Does anyone know how to fix this issue so that it works in IE the same as the other browsers? Many thanks.

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  • Firing events in script task

    - by Anonymouslemming
    I've got an SSIS project where I am constructing an SQL command based on some variables. I'm constructing the command in a script task, and want to output the constructed SQL to the 'Execution Results' window. I am trying to do this using a FireInformation line from inside my script as follows: Dts.Events.FireInformation(99, "test", "Make this event appear!", "", 0, true); However, in the script editor when editing ScriptMain.cs, that line is underlined in red, and on mouseover, I get the following message: Error: The best overloaded method match for 'Microsoft.SqlServer.Dts.Tasks.ScriptTask.EventsObjectWrapper.FireInformation(int, string, string, string, int, ref bool') has some invalid arguments As a result, my script does not compile and I cannot execute it. Any idea what I'm doing wrong here, or what I need to change to be able to see the values of my variables at this point in the Execution output?

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  • Deselecting an element in jQuery

    - by Michael Itzoe
    I have a collection of span elements. In the code I have a global variable that represents the "selected" object. Using the click event when a span is clicked I reset the object's class, reset the global variable, then set the object to the variable and change its class (to make it "highlighted"). This effectively toggles selection when clicking an object. var currentItem = null; $( ".item" ).click( function() { if( $( this ).hasClass( "selected" ) ) { $( this ).removeClass( "selected" ) currentItem = null; } else { if( $( ".item" ).hasClass( "selected" ) ){ $( ".item" ).removeClass( "selected" ) } $( this ).addClass( "selected" ); currentItem = $( this ); } } ); What I'd like to be able to do is unselect when clicking on an empty area of the page. I tried creating a click event on the body object, but that overrode the span click event so nothing was selected. I'm a complete jQuery noob and not sure where to go with this.

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  • int i vs int index etc. Which one is better?

    - by Earlz
    Coming from a C background I've always used int i for generic loop variables. Of course in big nested loops or other complex things I may use a descriptive name but which one had you rather see? int i; for(i=0;i<Controls.Count;i++){ DoStuff(Controls[i]); } or int index; for(index=0;index<Controls.Count;index++){ DoStuff(Controls[index]); } In the current project I am working on there are both of these styles and index being replaced by ndx. Which one is better? Is the i variable too generic? Also what about the other C style names? i, j, k Should all of these be replaced by actual descriptive variables?

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  • 'Caching' a large table in ASP.NET

    - by TheNewGuy
    I understand that each page refresh, especially in 'AjaxLand', causes my back-end/code-behind class to be called from scratch... This is a problem because my class (which is a member object in System.Web.UI.Page) contains A LOT of data that it sources from a database. So now every page refresh in AjaxLand is causing me to making large backend DB calls, rather than just to reuse a class object from memory. Any fix for this? Is this where session variables come into play? Are session variables the only option I have to retain an object in memory that is linked to a single-user and a single-session instance?

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  • How does the CLR (.NET) internally allocate and pass around custom value types (structs)?

    - by stakx
    Question: Do all CLR value types, including user-defined structs, live on the evaluation stack exclusively, meaning that they will never need to be reclaimed by the garbage-collector, or are there cases where they are garbage-collected? Background: I have previously asked a question on SO about the impact that a fluent interface has on the runtime performance of a .NET application. I was particuarly worried that creating a large number of very short-lived temporary objects would negatively affect runtime performance through more frequent garbage-collection. Now it has occured to me that if I declared those temporary objects' types as struct (ie. as user-defined value types) instead of class, the garbage collector might not be involved at all if it turns out that all value types live exclusively on the evaluation stack. What I've found out so far: I did a brief experiment to see what the differences are in the CIL generated for user-defined value types and reference types. This is my C# code: struct SomeValueType { public int X; } class SomeReferenceType { public int X; } . . static void TryValueType(SomeValueType vt) { ... } static void TryReferenceType(SomeReferenceType rt) { ... } . . var vt = new SomeValueType { X = 1 }; var rt = new SomeReferenceType { X = 2 }; TryValueType(vt); TryReferenceType(rt); And this is the CIL generated for the last four lines of code: .locals init ( [0] valuetype SomeValueType vt, [1] class SomeReferenceType rt, [2] valuetype SomeValueType <>g__initLocal0, // [3] class SomeReferenceType <>g__initLocal1, // why are these generated? [4] valuetype SomeValueType CS$0$0000 // ) L_0000: ldloca.s CS$0$0000 L_0002: initobj SomeValueType // no newobj required, instance already allocated L_0008: ldloc.s CS$0$0000 L_000a: stloc.2 L_000b: ldloca.s <>g__initLocal0 L_000d: ldc.i4.1 L_000e: stfld int32 SomeValueType::X L_0013: ldloc.2 L_0014: stloc.0 L_0015: newobj instance void SomeReferenceType::.ctor() L_001a: stloc.3 L_001b: ldloc.3 L_001c: ldc.i4.2 L_001d: stfld int32 SomeReferenceType::X L_0022: ldloc.3 L_0023: stloc.1 L_0024: ldloc.0 L_0025: call void Program::TryValueType(valuetype SomeValueType) L_002a: ldloc.1 L_002b: call void Program::TryReferenceType(class SomeReferenceType) What I cannot figure out from this code is this: Where are all those local variables mentioned in the .locals block allocated? How are they allocated? How are they freed? Why are so many anonymous local variables needed and copied to-and-fro only to initialize my two local variables rt and vt?

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  • C# Different class objects in one list

    - by jeah_wicer
    I have looked around some now to find a solution to this problem. I found several ways that could solve it but to be honest I didn't realize which of the ways that would be considered the "right" C# or OOP way of solving it. My goal is not only to solve the problems but also to develop a good set of code standards and I'm fairly sure there's a standard way to handle this problem. Let's say I have 2 types of printer hardwares with their respective classes and ways of communicating: PrinterType1, PrinterType2. I would also like to be able to later on add another type if neccessary. One step up in abstraction those have much in common. It should be possible to send a string to each one of them as an example. They both have variables in common and variables unique to each class. (One for instance communicates via COM-port and has such an object, while the other one communicates via TCP and has such an object). I would however like to just implement a List of all those printers and be able to go through the list and perform things as "Send(string message)" on all Printers regardless of type. I would also like to access variables like "PrinterList[0].Name" that are the same for both objects, however I would also at some places like to access data that is specific to the object itself (For instance in the settings window of the application where the COM-port name is set for one object and the IP/port number for another). So, in short something like: In common: Name Send() Specific to PrinterType1: Port Specific to PrinterType2: IP And I wish to, for instance, do Send() on all objects regardless of type and the number of objects present. I've read about polymorphism, Generics, interfaces and such, but I would like to know how this, in my eyes basic, problem typically would be dealt with in C# (and/or OOP in general). I actually did try to make a base class, but it didn't quite seem right to me. For instance I have no use of a "string Send(string Message)" function in the base class itself. So why would I define one there that needs to be overridden in the derived classes when I would never use the function in the base class ever in the first place? I'm really thankful for any answers. People around here seem very knowledgeable and this place has provided me with many solutions earlier. Now I finally have an account to answer and vote with too. EDIT: To additionally explain, I would also like to be able to access the objects of the actual printertype. For instance the Port variable in PrinterType1 which is a SerialPort object. I would like to access it like: PrinterList[0].Port.Open() and have access to the full range of functionality of the underlaying port. At the same time I would like to call generic functions that work in the same way for the different objects (but with different implementations): foreach (printer in Printers) printer.Send(message)

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  • Simple logic in javascript

    - by Saurabh
    I have four variables of type integer - var tip_1, tip_2, tip_3, tip_4; The value of these variables are getting fill by some other logic which is always between 1 to 10. I need to maintain a hash with variable name as "key" and value as "value" by following these rules - The variable with MAX value should be the first element in the hash and so on. e.g. if tip_1 = 4, tip_2 = 1, tip_3 = 2, tip_4 = 10 then hash should be something like, Hash = {tip_4, 10} {tip_1, 4} {tip_3, 2} {tip_1, 1} In case of tie following order should be considered - tip_1 tip_2 tip_3 tip_4;

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  • Initializing a array after declaration

    - by robUK
    Hello, gcc 4.4.3 c89 I have the following code as a sample of what I am trying to do. I don't know the actual size of the array, until I enter the function. However, I don't think I can set the array size after I have declared it. I need it global as some other functions will need to access the device names. Many thanks for any suggestions, /* global */ char *devices_names[]; void fill_devices(size_t num_devices) { devices_names[num_devices]; /* start filling */ }

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  • Passing Session[] and Request[] to Methods in C#

    - by NYARROW
    In C#, How do you pass the Session[] and Request[] objects to a method? I would like to use a method to parse out Session and Request paramaters for a .aspx page to reduce the size of my Page_Load method. I am passing quite a few variables, and need to support both POSTand GET methods. For most calls, not all variables are present, so I have to test every variable multiple ways, and the code gets long... This is what I am trying to do, but I can't seem to properly identify the Session and Request paramaters (this code will not compile, because the arrays are indexed by number) static string getParam( System.Web.SessionState.HttpSessionState[] Session, System.Web.HttpRequest[] Request, string id) { string rslt = ""; try { rslt = Session[id].ToString(); } catch { try { rslt = Request[id].ToString(); } catch { } } return rslt; } From Page_Load, I want to call this method as follows to retrieve the "MODE" paramater: string rslt; rslt = getParam(Session, Request, "MODE"); Thanks!

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  • Accessing object's method within string

    - by Wild One
    Recently I was reading php documentation and found interesting note in string section: Functions, method calls, static class variables, and class constants inside {$} work since PHP 5. However, the value accessed will be interpreted as the name of a variable in the scope in which the string is defined. Using single curly braces ({}) will not work for accessing the return values of functions or methods or the values of class constants or static class variables. See www.php.net/manual/en/language.types.string.php It says, that I can't use curly syntax to get value returned by object's method call. Is it a mistake in manual or I misunderstood it, because I tried the following code and it works just fine: <?php class HelloWorld { public static function hello() { echo 'hello'; } } $a = new HelloWorld(); echo "{$a->hello()} world";

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  • How to access the service instance from host object in WCF?

    - by user1048677
    I am trying to incarnate some sort of ad hoc WCF service. I already managed to launch it and make it call its own web methods as some other guy's methods. The issue that I am facing is instance management. I have set [ServiceBehavior(InstanceContextMode = InstanceContextMode.Single)] so it now has a global instance with the same properties for all clients. But besides that I need it to call other services of its kind while listening to incoming requests from clients (similar crazy services). While debugging I noticed that the ServiceHost's constructor calls the constructor of the service class. So, I assumed it has access to the global instance of this class and I need to find a way to call methods of this instance. Please don't ask what I have been smoking, I just have to make it ad hoc.

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