path variables - Page 169

Python function correctly/incorrectly?

- by Anthony Kernan

I'm just starting too use python, learning experience. I know the basics logic of programming. I have a function in python that is running everytime, even when it's not supposed to. I use an if statement in the beginning of the function. I don't know why this if statement is not working, confused. I have another function that is similar and works correctly. Am I missing something simple? Here's the function that is not working... def check_artist_art(): if os.path.exists("/tmp/artistinfo") and open("/tmp/artistinfo").read() != title: #if artist == "": if os.path.exists(home + "/.artist"): os.remove(home + "/.artist") if os.path.exists("/tmp/artistinfo"): os.remove("/tmp/artistinfo") print artist return False else: os.path.exists("/tmp/artistinfo") and open("/tmp/artistinfo").read() == artist return False return True And this is the similar function that is working correctly.. def check_album(): if os.path.exists("/tmp/albuminfo") and open("/tmp/albuminfo").read() != album: if os.path.exists(home + "/.album"): os.remove(home + "/.album") if os.path.exists("/tmp/albuminfo"): os.remove("/tmp/albuminfo") return False elif os.path.exists("/tmp/trackinfo") and open("/tmp/trackinfo").read() == artist + album: return False return True Any help is greatly appreciated.

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How to compare two file structures in PHP?

- by OM The Eternity

I have a function which gives me the complete file structure upto n-level, function getDirectory($path = '.', $ignore = '') { $dirTree = array (); $dirTreeTemp = array (); $ignore[] = '.'; $ignore[] = '..'; $dh = @opendir($path); while (false !== ($file = readdir($dh))) { if (!in_array($file, $ignore)) { if (!is_dir("$path/$file")) { //display of file and directory name with their modification time $stat = stat("$path/$file"); $statdir = stat("$path"); $dirTree["$path"][] = $file. " === ". date('Y-m-d H:i:s', $stat['mtime']) . " Directory == ".$path."===". date('Y-m-d H:i:s', $statdir['mtime']) ; } else { $dirTreeTemp = getDirectory("$path/$file", $ignore); if (is_array($dirTreeTemp))$dirTree = array_merge($dirTree, $dirTreeTemp); } } } closedir($dh); return $dirTree; } $ignore = array('.htaccess', 'error_log', 'cgi-bin', 'php.ini', '.ftpquota'); //function call $dirTree = getDirectory('.', $ignore); //file structure array print print_r($dirTree); Now here my requirement is , I have two sites The Development/Test Site- where i do testing of all the changes The Production Site- where I finally post all the changes as per test in development site Now, for example, I have tested an image upload in the Development/test site, and i found it appropriate to publish on Production site then i will completely transfer the Development/Test DB detail to Production DB, but now I want to compare the files structure as well to transfer the corresponding image file to Production folder. There could be the situation when I update the image by editing the image and upload it with same name, now in this case the image file would be already present there, which will restrict the use of "file_exist" logic, so for these type of situations....HOW CAN I COMPARE THE TWO FILE STRUCTURE TO GET THE SYNCHRONIZATION DONE AS PER REQUIREMENT??

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What is the space character for the browser?

- by Hiro Protagonist

echo "\n\s\s\s\s\s\s" . "<div id='data-load' data-load='" . $load . "'></div>"; \n works for adding a return in...I tried \s logically for space but this does not work. Keep mind, I don't want this rendered in the browser view...but in the source view ( when you click view-source )...I'm trying to put my html in to a readable form. echo "&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp\n" . "<div id='data-path' data-path='" . $path . "'></div>"; This does not work either. I am composing HTML from PHP... echo " \n" . "<div id='data-load' data-load='" . $load . "'></div>"; This does not work either. Actual Code: public static function setUniversals() { $shared_object = new Shared(); if ( $shared_object->getLoadOn() == 1 ) { $load = 'server'; } else { $load = 'client'; } if( getcwd() === '/home/foo/public_html/develop' ) { $path = 'development'; } else { $path = 'production'; } $shared_object = new Shared(); echo "\n"; echo "\n " . "<div id='data-path' data-path='" . $path . "'></div>"; echo "\n " . "<div id='data-load' data-load='" . $load . "'></div>"; }

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script to list user's mapped drive not giving results or error

- by user223631

We are in the process of migrating two file servers to a new server. We have mapped drives via user group in group policy. Many users have manually mapped drives and we need to find these mappings. I have created a PowerShell script to run that remotely get the drive mappings. It works on most computers but there are many that are not returning results and I am not getting any error messages. Each workstation on the list creates a text file and the ones that are not returning results have no text in the files. I can ping these machines. If the machine is not turned on, it does come up error message that the RPC server is not available. My domain user account is in a group that is in the local admin account. I have no idea why some are not working. Here is the script. # Load list into variable, which will become an array of strings If( !(Test-Path C:\Scripts)) { New-Item C:\Scripts -ItemType directory } If( !(Test-Path C:\Scripts\Computers)) { New-Item C:\Scripts\Computers -ItemType directory } If( !(Test-Path C:\Scripts\Workstations.txt)) { "No Workstations found. Please enter a list of Workstations under Workstation.txt"; Return} If( !(Test-Path C:\Scripts\KnownMaps.txt)) { "No Mapping to check against. Please enter a list of Known Mappings under KnownMaps.txt"; Return} $computerlist = Get-Content C:\Scripts\Workstations.txt # Loop through each item in the array (each computer in the list of computers we loaded into the variable) ForEach ($computer in $computerlist) { $diskObject = Get-WmiObject Win32_MappedLogicalDisk -computerName $computer | Select Name,ProviderName | Out-File C:\Tester\Computers\$computer.txt -width 200 } Select-String -Path C:\Tester\Computers\*.txt -Pattern cmsfiles | Out-File C:\Tester\Drivemaps-all.txt $strings = Get-Content C:\Tester\KnownMaps.txt Select-String -Path C:\Tester\Drivemaps-all.txt -Pattern $strings -notmatch -simplematch | Out-File C:\Tester\Drivemaps-nonmatch.txt -Width 200 Select-String -Path C:\Tester\Drivemaps-all.txt -Pattern $strings -simplematch | Out-File C:\Tester\Drivemaps-match.txt -Width 200

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Accept All Cookies via HttpClient

- by Vinay

So this is currently how my app is set up: 1.) Login Activity. 2.) Once logged in, other activities may be fired up that use PHP scripts that require the cookies sent from logging in. I am using one HttpClient across my app to ensure that the same cookies are used, but my problem is that I am getting 2 of the 3 cookies rejected. I do not care about the validity of the cookies, but I do need them to be accepted. I tried setting the CookiePolicy, but that hasn't worked either. This is what logcat is saying: 11-26 10:33:57.613: WARN/ResponseProcessCookies(271): Cookie rejected: "[version: 0] [name: cookie_user_id][value: 1][domain: www.trackallthethings.com][path: trackallthethings][expiry: Sun Nov 25 11:33:00 CST 2012]". Illegal path attribute "trackallthethings". Path of origin: "/mobile-api/login.php" 11-26 10:33:57.593: WARN/ResponseProcessCookies(271): Cookie rejected: "[version: 0][name: cookie_session_id][value: 1985208971][domain: www.trackallthethings.com][path: trackallthethings][expiry: Sun Nov 25 11:33:00 CST 2012]". Illegal path attribute "trackallthethings". Path of origin: "/mobile-api/login.php" I am sure that my actual code is correct (my app still logs in correctly, just doesn't accept the aforementioned cookies), but here it is anyway: HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet(//MY URL); HttpResponse response; response = Main.httpclient.execute(httpget); HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity(); InputStream in = entity.getContent(); BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in)); StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); From here I use the StringBuilder to simply get the String of the response. Nothing fancy. I understand that the reason my cookies are being rejected is because of an "Illegal path attribute" (I am running a script at /mobile-api/login.php whereas the cookie will return with a path of just "/" for trackallthethings), but I would like to accept the cookies anyhow. Is there a way to do this?

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Animating the drawing of a line

- by jkigel

I'm trying to animate the drawing of a line by the following way: .h CAShapeLayer *rootLayer; CAShapeLayer *lineLayer; CGMutablePathRef path; .m path = CGPathCreateMutable(); CGPathMoveToPoint(path, nil, self.frame.size.width/2-100, 260); CGPathAddLineToPoint(path, nil, self.frame.size.width/2+100.0, 260); CGPathCloseSubpath(path); self.rootLayer = [CALayer layer]; rootLayer.frame = self.bounds; [self.layer addSublayer:rootLayer]; self.lineLayer = [CAShapeLayer layer]; [lineLayer setPath:path]; [lineLayer setFillColor:[UIColor redColor].CGColor]; [lineLayer setStrokeColor:[UIColor blueColor].CGColor]; [lineLayer setLineWidth:1.5]; [lineLayer setFillRule:kCAFillRuleNonZero]; [rootLayer addSublayer:lineLayer]; [self performSelector:@selector(startTotalLine) withObject:nil afterDelay:1.5]; - (void)startTotalLine { CABasicAnimation *animation = [CABasicAnimation animationWithKeyPath:@"animatePath"]; [animation setDuration:3.5]; animation.timingFunction = [CAMediaTimingFunction functionWithName:kCAMediaTimingFunctionEaseInEaseOut]; [animation setAutoreverses:NO]; [animation setFromValue:(id)path]; [animation setToValue:(id)path]; [lineLayer addAnimation:animation forKey:@"animatePath"]; } The line had drawn before the startTotalLine method is invoked. Also, the startTotalLine method doesn't affect the line. I want it to animate the the line drawing from right to left

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Unable to plot graph using matplotlib

- by Aman Deep Gautam

I have the following code which searches all the directory in the current directory and then takes data from those files to plot the graph. The data is read correctly as verified by printing but there are no points plotted on graph. import argparse import os import matplotlib.pyplot as plt #find the present working directory pwd=os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)) #find all the folders in the present working directory. dirs = [f for f in os.listdir('.') if os.path.isdir(f)] plt.figure() plt.xlim(0, 20000) plt.ylim(0, 1) for directory in dirs: os.chdir(os.path.join(pwd, directory)); chd_dir = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)) files = [ fl for fl in os.listdir('.') if os.path.isfile(fl) ] print files for f in files: f_obj = open(os.path.join(chd_dir, f), 'r') list_x = [] list_y = [] for i in xrange(0,4): f_obj.next() for line in f_obj: temp_list = line.split() print temp_list list_y.append(temp_list[0]) list_x.append(temp_list[1]) print 'final_lsit' print list_x print list_y plt.plot(list_x, list_y, 'r.') f_obj.close() os.chdir(pwd) plt.savefig("test.jpg") The input files look like the following: 5 865 14709 15573 14709 1.32667e-06 664 0.815601 14719 1.55333e-06 674 0.813277 14729 1.82667e-06 684 0.810185 14739 1.4e-06 694 0.808459 Can anybody help me with why this is happening? Being new I would like to know some tutorial where I can get help with kind of plotting as the tutorial I was following made me end up here. Any help appreciated.

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rsync --remove-source-files but only those that match a pattern

- by Daniel

Is this possible with rsync? Transfer everything from src:path/to/dir to dest:/path/to/other/dir and delete some of the source files in src:path/to/dir that match a pattern (or size limit) but keep all other files. I couldn't find a way to limit --remove-source-files with a regexp or size limit. Update1 (clarification): I'd like all files in src:path/to/dir to be copied to dest:/path/to/other/dir. Once this is done, I'd like to have some files (those that match a regexp or size limit) in src:path/to/dir deleted but don't want to have anything deleted in dest:/path/to/other/dir. Update2 (more clarification): Unfortunately, I can't simply rsync everything and then manually delete the files matching my regexp from src:. The files to be deleted are continuously created. So let's say there are N files of the type I'd like to delete after the transfer in src: when rsync starts. By the time rsync finishes there will be N+M such files there. If I now delete them manually, I'll lose the M files that were created while rsync was running. Hence I'd like to have a solution that guarantees that the only files deleted from src: are those known to be successfully copied over to dest:. I could fetch a file list from dest: after the rsync is complete, and compare that list of files with what I have in src:, and then do the removal manually. But I was wondering if rsync can do this by itself.

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When I try to redefine a variable, I get an index out of bounds error

- by user2770254

I'm building a program to act as a calculator with memory, so you can give variables and their values. Whenever I'm trying to redefine a variable, a = 5, to a = 6, I get an index out of bounds error. public static void main(String args[]) { LinkedHashMap<String,Integer> map = new LinkedHashMap<String,Integer>(); Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in); ArrayList<Integer> values = new ArrayList<>(); ArrayList<String> variables = new ArrayList<>(); while(scan.hasNextLine()) { String line = scan.nextLine(); String[] tokens = line.split(" "); if(!Character.isDigit(tokens[0].charAt(0)) && !line.equals("clear") && !line.equals("var")) { int value = 0; for(int i=0; i<tokens.length; i++) { if(tokens.length==3) { value = Integer.parseInt(tokens[2]); System.out.printf("%5d\n",value); if(map.containsKey(tokens[0])) { values.set(values.indexOf(tokens[0]), value); variables.set(variables.indexOf(tokens[0]), tokens[0]); } else { values.add(value); } break; } else if(tokens[i].charAt(0) == '+') { value = addition(tokens, value); System.out.printf("%5d\n",value); variables.add(tokens[0]); if(map.containsKey(tokens[0])) { values.set(values.indexOf(tokens[0]), value); variables.set(variables.indexOf(tokens[0]), tokens[0]); } else { values.add(value); } break; } else if(i==tokens.length-1 && tokens.length != 3) { System.out.println("No operation"); break; } } map.put(tokens[0], value); } if(Character.isDigit(tokens[0].charAt(0))) { int value = 0; if(tokens.length==1) { System.out.printf("%5s\n", tokens[0]); } else { value = addition(tokens, value); System.out.printf("%5d\n", value); } } if(line.equals("clear")) { clear(map); } if(line.equals("var")) { variableList(variables, values); } } } public static int addition(String[] a, int b) { for(String item : a) { if(Character.isDigit(item.charAt(0))) { int add = Integer.parseInt(item); b = b + add; } } return b; } public static void clear(LinkedHashMap<String,Integer> b) { b.clear(); } public static void variableList(ArrayList<String> a, ArrayList<Integer> b) { for(int i=0; i<a.size(); i++) { System.out.printf("%5s: %d\n", a.get(i), b.get(i)); } } I included the whole code because I'm not sure where the error is arising from.

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PHP Infine Loope Problem

- by Ashwin

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rsync --remove-source-files but only those that match a pattern

- by user28146

Is this possible with rsync? Transfer everything from src:path/to/dir to dest:/path/to/other/dir and delete some of the source files in src:path/to/dir that match a pattern (or size limit) but keep all other files. I couldn't find a way to limit --remove-source-files with a regexp or size limit. Update1 (clarification): I'd like all files in src:path/to/dir to be copied to dest:/path/to/other/dir. Once this is done, I'd like to have some files (those that match a regexp or size limit) in src:path/to/dir deleted but don't want to have anything deleted in dest:/path/to/other/dir. Update2 (more clarification): Unfortunately, I can't simply rsync everything and then manually delete the files matching my regexp from src:. The files to be deleted are continuously created. So let's say there are N files of the type I'd like to delete after the transfer in src: when rsync starts. By the time rsync finishes there will be N+M such files there. If I now delete them manually, I'll lose the M files that were created while rsync was running. Hence I'd like to have a solution that guarantees that the only files deleted from src: are those known to be successfully copied over to dest:. I could fetch a file list from dest: after the rsync is complete, and compare that list of files with what I have in src:, and then do the removal manually. But I was wondering if rsync can do this by itself.

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PHP Infine Loop Problem

- by Ashwin

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Thoughts on my new template language?

- by Ralph

Let's start with an example: using "html5" using "extratags" html { head { title "Ordering Notice" jsinclude "jquery.js" } body { h1 "Ordering Notice" p "Dear @name," p "Thanks for placing your order with @company. It's scheduled to ship on {@ship_date|dateformat}." p "Here are the items you've ordered:" table { tr { th "name" th "price" } for(@item in @item_list) { tr { td @item.name td @item.price } } } if(@ordered_warranty) p "Your warranty information will be included in the packaging." p(class="footer") { "Sincerely," br @company } } } The "using" keyword indicates which tags to use. "html5" might include all the html5 standard tags, but your tags names wouldn't have to be based on their HTML counter-parts at all if you didn't want to. The "extratags" library for example might add an extra tag, called "jsinclude" which gets replaced with something like <script type="text/javascript" src="@content"></script> Tags can be optionally be followed by an opening brace. They will automatically be closed as the closing brace. If no brace is used, they will be closed after taking on element. Variables are prefixed with the @ symbol. They may be used inside double-quoted strings. I think I'll use single-quotes to indicate "no variable substitution" like PHP does. Filter functions can be applied to variables like @variable|filter. Arguments can be passed to the filter @variable|filter:@arg1,arg2="y" Attributes can be passed to tags by including them in (), like p(class="classname"). Some questions: Which symbol should I use to prefix variables? @ (like Razor), $ (like PHP), or something else? Should the @ symbol be necessary in "for" and "if" statements? It's kind of implied that those are variables. Tags and controls (like if,for) presently have the exact same syntax. Should I do something to differentiate the two? If so, what? Do you like the attribute syntax? (round brackets) I'll add more questions in a few minutes, once I get some feedback.

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Types of quotes for an HTML templating language

- by Ralph

I'm developing a templating language, and now I'm trying to decide on what I should do with quotes. I'm thinking about having 3 different types of quotes which are all handled differently: backtick ` double quote " single quote ' expand variables ? yes no escape sequences no yes ? escape html no yes yes Backticks Backticks are meant to be used for outputting JavaScript or unescaped HTML. It's often handy to be able to pass variables into JS, but it could also cause issues with things being treated as variables that shouldn't. My variables are PHP-style ($var) so I'm thinking that might mess with jQuery pretty bad... but if I disable variable expansion w/ backticks then, I'm not sure how would insert a variable into a JS code block? Single Quotes Not sure if escape sequences like \n should be treated as literals or converted. I find it pretty rare that I want to disable escape sequences, but if you do, you could use backticks. So I'm leaning towards "yes" for this one, but that would be contrary to how PHP does it. Double Quotes Pretty certain I want everything enabled for this one. Modifiers I'm also thinking about adding modifiers like @ or r in front of the string that would change some of these options to enable a few more combinations. I would need 9 different quotes or 3 quotes and 2 modifiers to get every combination wouldn't I? My language also supports "filters" which can be applied against any "term" (number, variable, string) so you could always write something like "blah blah $var blah"|expandvars Or "my string"|escapehtml Thoughts? What would you prefer? What would be least confusing/most intuitive?

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JavaScript Class Patterns Revisited: Endgame

- by Liam McLennan

I recently described some of the patterns used to simulate classes (types) in JavaScript. But I missed the best pattern of them all. I described a pattern I called constructor function with a prototype that looks like this: function Person(name, age) { this.name = name; this.age = age; } Person.prototype = { toString: function() { return this.name + " is " + this.age + " years old."; } }; var john = new Person("John Galt", 50); console.log(john.toString()); and I mentioned that the problem with this pattern is that it does not provide any encapsulation, that is, it does not allow private variables. Jan Van Ryswyck recently posted the solution, obvious in hindsight, of wrapping the constructor function in another function, thereby allowing private variables through closure. The above example becomes: var Person = (function() { // private variables go here var name,age; function constructor(n, a) { name = n; age = a; } constructor.prototype = { toString: function() { return name + " is " + age + " years old."; } }; return constructor; })(); var john = new Person("John Galt", 50); console.log(john.toString()); Now we have prototypal inheritance and encapsulation. The important thing to understand is that the constructor, and the toString function both have access to the name and age private variables because they are in an outer scope and they become part of the closure.

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Using Google App Engine to Perform World Updates vs an Authoritative Server

- by Error 454

I am considering different game server architectures that use GAE. The types of games I am considering are turn-based where the world status would need to be updated about once per minute. I am looking for an answer that persuades me to either perform the world update on the google servers OR an authoritative server that syncs with the datastore. The main goal here would be to minimize GAE daily quotas. For some rough numbers, I am assuming 10,000 entities requiring updates. Each entity update would require: Reading 5 private entity variables (fetched from datastore) Fetching as many as 20 static variables (from datastore or persisted in server memory) Writing 5 entity variables Clients of the game would authenticate and set state directly against GAE as well as pull the latest world state from GAE. Running the update on GAE would consist of a cron job launched every minute. This would update all of the entities and save the results to the datastore. This would be more CPU intensive for GAE. Running the update on an authoritative server would consist of fetching entity data from the GAE datastore, calculating the new entity states and pushing the new state variables back to the datastore. This would be more bandwidth intensive for the datastore.

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Data classes: getters and setters or different method design

- by Frog

I've been trying to design an interface for a data class I'm writing. This class stores styles for characters, for example whether the character is bold, italic or underlined. But also the font-size and the font-family. So it has different types of member variables. The easiest way to implement this would be to add getters and setters for every member variable, but this just feels wrong to me. It feels way more logical (and more OOP) to call style.format(BOLD, true) instead of style.setBold(true). So to use logical methods insteads of getters/setters. But I am facing two problems while implementing these methods: I would need a big switch statement with all member variables, since you can't access a variable by the contents of a string in C++. Moreover, you can't overload by return type, which means you can't write one getter like style.getFormatting(BOLD) (I know there are some tricks to do this, but these don't allow for parameters, which I would obviously need). However, if I would implement getters and setters, there are also issues. I would have to duplicate quite some code because styles can also have a parent styles, which means the getters have to look not only at the member variables of this style, but also at the variables of the parent styles. Because I wasn't able to figure out how to do this, I decided to ask a question a couple of weeks ago. See Object Oriented Programming: getters/setters or logical names. But in that question I didn't stress it would be just a data object and that I'm not making a text rendering engine, which was the reason one of the people that answered suggested I ask another question while making that clear (because his solution, the decorator pattern, isn't suitable for my problem). So please note that I'm not creating my own text rendering engine, I just use these classes to store data. Because I still haven't been able to find a solution to this problem I'd like to ask this question again: how would you design a styles class like this? And why would you do that? Thanks on forehand!

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Writing an optimised and efficient search engine with mySQL and ColdFusion

- by Mel

I have a search page with the following scenarios listed below. I was told there was a better way to do it, but not how, and that I am using too many if statements, and that it's prone to causing an error through url manipulation: Search.cfm will processes a search made from a search bar present on all pages, with one search input (titleName). If search.cfm is accessed manually (through URL not through using the simple search bar on all pages) it displays an advanced search form with three inputs (titleName, genreID, platformID) or it evaluates searchResponse variable and decides what to do. If simple search query is blank, has no results, or less than 3 characters it displays an error If advanced search query is blank, has no results, or less than 3 characters it displays an error If any successful search returns results, they come back normally. The top-of-page logic is as follows:  <cfparam name="variables.searchResponse" default="">  <cfif IsDefined("Form.simpleSearch") AND Len(Trim(Form.titleName)) LTE 2> <cfset variables.searchResponse = "invalidString"> <cfelseif IsDefined("Form.simpleSearch") AND Len(Trim(Form.titleName)) GTE 3>  <cfinvoke component="myComponent" method="simpleSearch" searchString="#Form.titleName#" returnvariable="simpleSearchResult"> <cfset variables.searchResponse = "simpleSearchResult"> </cfif>  <cfif IsDefined("variables.simpleSearchResult") AND simpleSearchResult.RecordCount IS 0> <cfset variables.searchResponse = "noResult"> </cfif>  <cfif IsDefined("Form.AdvancedSearch") AND Len(Trim(Form.titleName)) LTE 2> <cfset variables.searchResponse = "invalidString"> <cfelseif IsDefined("Form.advancedSearch") AND Len(Trim(Form.titleName)) GTE 2>  <cfinvoke component="myComponent" method="advancedSearch" returnvariable="advancedSearchResult" titleName="#Form.titleName#" genreID="#Form.genreID#" platformID="#Form.platformID#"> <cfset variables.searchResponse = "advancedSearchResult"> </cfif>  <cfif IsDefined("variables.advancedSearchResult") AND advancedSearchResult.RecordCount IS 0> <cfset variables.searchResponse = "noResult"> </cfif> I'm using the searchResponse variable to decide what the the page displays, based on the following scenarios:  <form name="simpleSearch" action="search.cfm" method="post"> <input type="hidden" name="simpleSearch" /> <input type="text" name="titleName" /> <input type="button" value="Search" onclick="form.submit()" /> </form>  <cfif searchResponse IS ""> <h1>Advanced Search</h1>  <form name="advancedSearch" action="search.cfm" method="post"> <input type="hidden" name="advancedSearch" /> <input type="text" name="titleName" /> <input type="text" name="genreID" /> <input type="text" name="platformID" /> <input type="button" value="Search" onclick="form.submit()" /> </form> </cfif>  <cfif searchResponse IS "invalidString"> <cfoutput> <h1>INVALID SEARCH</h1> </cfoutput> </cfif>  <cfif searchResponse IS "noResult"> <cfoutput> <h1>NO RESULT FOUND</h1> </cfoutput> </cfif>  <cfif searchResponse IS "simpleSearchResult"> <cfoutput> <h1>Search Results</h1> </cfoutput> <cfoutput query="simpleSearchResult">  </cfoutput> </cfif>  <cfif searchResponse IS "advancedSearchResult"> <cfoutput> <h1>Search Results</h1> <p>Your search for "#Form.titleName#" returned #advancedSearchResult.RecordCount# result(s).</p> </cfoutput> <cfoutput query="advancedSearchResult">  </cfoutput> </cfif> Is my logic a) not efficient because my if statements/is there a better way to do this? And b) Can you see any scenarios where my code can break? I've tested it but I have not been able to find any issues with it. And I have no way of measuring performance. Any thoughts and ideas would be greatly appreciated. Many thanks

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Gnome Do not Launching

- by PyRulez

When I try running gnome do, I get this. chris@Chris-Ubuntu-Laptop:~$ gnome-do pgrep: invalid user name: -u and it is not writable Trying sudo: chris@Chris-Ubuntu-Laptop:~$ sudo gnome-do [NetworkService] Could not initialize Network Manager dbus: Unable to open the session message bus. [Error 17:54:30.122] [SystemService] Could not initialize dbus: Unable to open the session message bus. (Do:2401): Wnck-CRITICAL **: wnck_set_client_type got called multiple times. (Do:2401): libdo-WARNING **: Binding '<Super>space' failed! [Error 17:54:30.649] [AbstractKeyBindingService] Key "" is already mapped. Tomboy.NotesItemSource "Tomboy Notes" encountered an error in UpdateItems: System.TypeInitializationException: An exception was thrown by the type initializer for Tomboy.TomboyDBus ---> System.Exception: Unable to open the session message bus. ---> System.ArgumentNullException: Argument cannot be null. Parameter name: address at NDesk.DBus.Bus.Open (System.String address) [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0 at NDesk.DBus.Bus.get_Session () [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0 --- End of inner exception stack trace --- at NDesk.DBus.Bus.get_Session () [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0 at Tomboy.TomboyDBus..cctor () [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0 --- End of inner exception stack trace --- at Tomboy.NotesItemSource.UpdateItems () [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0 at Do.Universe.Safe.SafeItemSource.UpdateItems () [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0 . Firefox.PlacesItemSource "Firefox Places" encountered an error in UpdateItems: System.InvalidCastException: Cannot cast from source type to destination type. at Mono.Data.Sqlite.SqliteDataReader.VerifyType (Int32 i, DbType typ) [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0 at Mono.Data.Sqlite.SqliteDataReader.GetString (Int32 i) [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0 at Firefox.PlacesItemSource+<LoadPlaceItems>c__Iterator3.MoveNext () [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0 at System.Collections.Generic.List`1[Firefox.PlaceItem].AddEnumerable (IEnumerable`1 enumerable) [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0 at System.Collections.Generic.List`1[Firefox.PlaceItem]..ctor (IEnumerable`1 collection) [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0 at System.Linq.Enumerable.ToArray[PlaceItem] (IEnumerable`1 source) [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0 at Firefox.PlacesItemSource.UpdateItems () [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0 at Do.Universe.Safe.SafeItemSource.UpdateItems () [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0 . Do.Universe.Linux.GNOMESpecialLocationsItemSource "GNOME Special Locations" encountered an error in UpdateItems: System.IO.FileNotFoundException: Could not find file "/root/.gtk-bookmarks". File name: '/root/.gtk-bookmarks' at System.IO.FileStream..ctor (System.String path, FileMode mode, FileAccess access, FileShare share, Int32 bufferSize, Boolean anonymous, FileOptions options) [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0 at System.IO.FileStream..ctor (System.String path, FileMode mode, FileAccess access, FileShare share) [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0 at (wrapper remoting-invoke-with-check) System.IO.FileStream:.ctor (string,System.IO.FileMode,System.IO.FileAccess,System.IO.FileShare) at System.IO.File.OpenRead (System.String path) [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0 at System.IO.StreamReader..ctor (System.String path, System.Text.Encoding encoding, Boolean detectEncodingFromByteOrderMarks, Int32 bufferSize) [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0 at System.IO.StreamReader..ctor (System.String path) [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0 at (wrapper remoting-invoke-with-check) System.IO.StreamReader:.ctor (string) at Do.Universe.Linux.GNOMESpecialLocationsItemSource+<ReadBookmarkItems>c__Iterator3.MoveNext () [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0 at Do.Universe.Linux.GNOMESpecialLocationsItemSource.UpdateItems () [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0 at Do.Universe.Safe.SafeItemSource.UpdateItems () [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0 . ^[^\Full thread dump: "<unnamed thread>" tid=0x0xb7570700 this=0x0x56f18 thread handle 0x403 state : not waiting owns () at (wrapper managed-to-native) Mono.Unix.Native.Syscall.read (int,intptr,ulong) <0xffffffff> at Mono.Unix.Native.Syscall.read (int,void*,ulong) <0x00023> at Mono.Unix.UnixStream.Read (byte[],int,int) <0x0008b> at NDesk.DBus.Connection.ReadMessage () <0x0003c> at NDesk.DBus.Connection.Iterate () <0x0001b> at NDesk.DBus.BusG/<Init>c__AnonStorey0.<>m__0 (intptr,NDesk.GLib.IOCondition,intptr) <0x00033> at (wrapper native-to-managed) NDesk.DBus.BusG/<Init>c__AnonStorey0.<>m__0 (intptr,NDesk.GLib.IOCondition,intptr) <0xffffffff> at (wrapper managed-to-native) Gtk.Clipboard.gtk_clipboard_wait_is_text_available (intptr) <0xffffffff> at Gtk.Clipboard.WaitIsTextAvailable () <0x00017> at Do.Universe.SelectedTextItem.UpdateSelection (object,System.EventArgs) <0x00027> at Do.Platform.AbstractApplicationService.OnSummoned () <0x00025> at Do.Platform.ApplicationService.<ApplicationService>m__31 (object,System.EventArgs) <0x00013> at Do.Core.Controller.OnSummoned () <0x00025> at Do.Core.Controller.Summon () <0x00027> at Do.Do.Main (string[]) <0x001eb> at (wrapper runtime-invoke) <Module>.runtime_invoke_void_object (object,intptr,intptr,intptr) <0xffffffff> "<unnamed thread>" tid=0x0xb2c81b40 this=0x0x194150 thread handle 0x412 state : interrupted state owns () at (wrapper managed-to-native) System.IO.InotifyWatcher.ReadFromFD (intptr,byte[],intptr) <0xffffffff> at System.IO.InotifyWatcher.Monitor () <0x0005f> at System.Threading.Thread.StartInternal () <0x00057> at (wrapper runtime-invoke) object.runtime_invoke_void__this__ (object,intptr,intptr,intptr) <0xffffffff> "Universe Update Dispatcher" tid=0x0xb29ffb40 this=0x0x569d8 thread handle 0x41b state : interrupted state owns () at (wrapper managed-to-native) System.Threading.WaitHandle.WaitOne_internal (System.Threading.WaitHandle,intptr,int,bool) <0xffffffff> at System.Threading.WaitHandle.WaitOne (System.TimeSpan,bool) <0x00133> at System.Threading.WaitHandle.WaitOne (System.TimeSpan) <0x00022> at Do.Core.UniverseManager.UniverseUpdateLoop () <0x0007a> at System.Threading.Thread.StartInternal () <0x00057> at (wrapper runtime-invoke) object.runtime_invoke_void__this__ (object,intptr,intptr,intptr) <0xffffffff> Tomboy.NotesItemSource "Tomboy Notes" encountered an error in UpdateItems: System.TypeInitializationException: An exception was thrown by the type initializer for Tomboy.TomboyDBus ---> System.Exception: Unable to open the session message bus. ---> System.ArgumentNullException: Argument cannot be null. Parameter name: address at NDesk.DBus.Bus.Open (System.String address) [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0 at NDesk.DBus.Bus.get_Session () [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0 --- End of inner exception stack trace --- at NDesk.DBus.Bus.get_Session () [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0 at Tomboy.TomboyDBus..cctor () [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0 --- End of inner exception stack trace --- at Tomboy.NotesItemSource.UpdateItems () [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0 at Do.Universe.Safe.SafeItemSource.UpdateItems () [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0 . Firefox.PlacesItemSource "Firefox Places" encountered an error in UpdateItems: System.InvalidCastException: Cannot cast from source type to destination type. at Mono.Data.Sqlite.SqliteDataReader.VerifyType (Int32 i, DbType typ) [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0 at Mono.Data.Sqlite.SqliteDataReader.GetString (Int32 i) [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0 at Firefox.PlacesItemSource+<LoadPlaceItems>c__Iterator3.MoveNext () [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0 at System.Collections.Generic.List`1[Firefox.PlaceItem].AddEnumerable (IEnumerable`1 enumerable) [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0 at System.Collections.Generic.List`1[Firefox.PlaceItem]..ctor (IEnumerable`1 collection) [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0 at System.Linq.Enumerable.ToArray[PlaceItem] (IEnumerable`1 source) [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0 at Firefox.PlacesItemSource.UpdateItems () [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0 at Do.Universe.Safe.SafeItemSource.UpdateItems () [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0 . Do.Universe.Linux.GNOMESpecialLocationsItemSource "GNOME Special Locations" encountered an error in UpdateItems: System.IO.FileNotFoundException: Could not find file "/root/.gtk-bookmarks". File name: '/root/.gtk-bookmarks' at System.IO.FileStream..ctor (System.String path, FileMode mode, FileAccess access, FileShare share, Int32 bufferSize, Boolean anonymous, FileOptions options) [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0 at System.IO.FileStream..ctor (System.String path, FileMode mode, FileAccess access, FileShare share) [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0 at (wrapper remoting-invoke-with-check) System.IO.FileStream:.ctor (string,System.IO.FileMode,System.IO.FileAccess,System.IO.FileShare) at System.IO.File.OpenRead (System.String path) [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0 at System.IO.StreamReader..ctor (System.String path, System.Text.Encoding encoding, Boolean detectEncodingFromByteOrderMarks, Int32 bufferSize) [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0 at System.IO.StreamReader..ctor (System.String path) [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0 at (wrapper remoting-invoke-with-check) System.IO.StreamReader:.ctor (string) at Do.Universe.Linux.GNOMESpecialLocationsItemSource+<ReadBookmarkItems>c__Iterator3.MoveNext () [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0 at Do.Universe.Linux.GNOMESpecialLocationsItemSource.UpdateItems () [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0 at Do.Universe.Safe.SafeItemSource.UpdateItems () [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0 . It stops when I try my key combination, ctrl-alt-. It does not pop up though.

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Writing the tests for FluentPath

- by Bertrand Le Roy

Writing the tests for FluentPath is a challenge. The library is a wrapper around a legacy API (System.IO) that wasn’t designed to be easily testable. If it were more testable, the sensible testing methodology would be to tell System.IO to act against a mock file system, which would enable me to verify that my code is doing the expected file system operations without having to manipulate the actual, physical file system: what we are testing here is FluentPath, not System.IO. Unfortunately, that is not an option as nothing in System.IO enables us to plug a mock file system in. As a consequence, we are left with few options. A few people have suggested me to abstract my calls to System.IO away so that I could tell FluentPath – not System.IO – to use a mock instead of the real thing. That in turn is getting a little silly: FluentPath already is a thin abstraction around System.IO, so layering another abstraction between them would double the test surface while bringing little or no value. I would have to test that new abstraction layer, and that would bring us back to square one. Unless I’m missing something, the only option I have here is to bite the bullet and test against the real file system. Of course, the tests that do that can hardly be called unit tests. They are more integration tests as they don’t only test bits of my code. They really test the successful integration of my code with the underlying System.IO. In order to write such tests, the techniques of BDD work particularly well as they enable you to express scenarios in natural language, from which test code is generated. Integration tests are being better expressed as scenarios orchestrating a few basic behaviors, so this is a nice fit. The Orchard team has been successfully using SpecFlow for integration tests for a while and I thought it was pretty cool so that’s what I decided to use. Consider for example the following scenario: Scenario: Change extension Given a clean test directory When I change the extension of bar\notes.txt to foo Then bar\notes.txt should not exist And bar\notes.foo should exist This is human readable and tells you everything you need to know about what you’re testing, but it is also executable code. What happens when SpecFlow compiles this scenario is that it executes a bunch of regular expressions that identify the known Given (set-up phases), When (actions) and Then (result assertions) to identify the code to run, which is then translated into calls into the appropriate methods. Nothing magical. Here is the code generated by SpecFlow: [NUnit.Framework.TestAttribute()] [NUnit.Framework.DescriptionAttribute("Change extension")] public virtual void ChangeExtension() { TechTalk.SpecFlow.ScenarioInfo scenarioInfo = new TechTalk.SpecFlow.ScenarioInfo("Change extension", ((string[])(null))); #line 6 this.ScenarioSetup(scenarioInfo); #line 7 testRunner.Given("a clean test directory"); #line 8 testRunner.When("I change the extension of " + "bar\\notes.txt to foo"); #line 9 testRunner.Then("bar\\notes.txt should not exist"); #line 10 testRunner.And("bar\\notes.foo should exist"); #line hidden testRunner.CollectScenarioErrors();} The #line directives are there to give clues to the debugger, because yes, you can put breakpoints into a scenario: The way you usually write tests with SpecFlow is that you write the scenario first, let it fail, then write the translation of your Given, When and Then into code if they don’t already exist, which results in running but failing tests, and then you write the code to make your tests pass (you implement the scenario). In the case of FluentPath, I built a simple Given method that builds a simple file hierarchy in a temporary directory that all scenarios are going to work with: [Given("a clean test directory")] public void GivenACleanDirectory() { _path = new Path(SystemIO.Path.GetTempPath()) .CreateSubDirectory("FluentPathSpecs") .MakeCurrent(); _path.GetFileSystemEntries() .Delete(true); _path.CreateFile("foo.txt", "This is a text file named foo."); var bar = _path.CreateSubDirectory("bar"); bar.CreateFile("baz.txt", "bar baz") .SetLastWriteTime(DateTime.Now.AddSeconds(-2)); bar.CreateFile("notes.txt", "This is a text file containing notes."); var barbar = bar.CreateSubDirectory("bar"); barbar.CreateFile("deep.txt", "Deep thoughts"); var sub = _path.CreateSubDirectory("sub"); sub.CreateSubDirectory("subsub"); sub.CreateFile("baz.txt", "sub baz") .SetLastWriteTime(DateTime.Now); sub.CreateFile("binary.bin", new byte[] {0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0xFF}); } Then, to implement the scenario that you can read above, I had to write the following When: [When("I change the extension of (.*) to (.*)")] public void WhenIChangeTheExtension( string path, string newExtension) { var oldPath = Path.Current.Combine(path.Split('\\')); oldPath.Move(p => p.ChangeExtension(newExtension)); } As you can see, the When attribute is specifying the regular expression that will enable the SpecFlow engine to recognize what When method to call and also how to map its parameters. For our scenario, “bar\notes.txt” will get mapped to the path parameter, and “foo” to the newExtension parameter. And of course, the code that verifies the assumptions of the scenario: [Then("(.*) should exist")] public void ThenEntryShouldExist(string path) { Assert.IsTrue(_path.Combine(path.Split('\\')).Exists); } [Then("(.*) should not exist")] public void ThenEntryShouldNotExist(string path) { Assert.IsFalse(_path.Combine(path.Split('\\')).Exists); } These steps should be written with reusability in mind. They are building blocks for your scenarios, not implementation of a specific scenario. Think small and fine-grained. In the case of the above steps, I could reuse each of those steps in other scenarios. Those tests are easy to write and easier to read, which means that they also constitute a form of documentation. Oh, and SpecFlow is just one way to do this. Rob wrote a long time ago about this sort of thing (but using a different framework) and I highly recommend this post if I somehow managed to pique your interest: http://blog.wekeroad.com/blog/make-bdd-your-bff-2/ And this screencast (Rob always makes excellent screencasts): http://blog.wekeroad.com/mvc-storefront/kona-3/ (click the “Download it here” link)

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SharePoint 2010 - Access denied during ApplyWebConfigModifications()

- by tcoalson

I have SharePoint 2010 installed on a Windows Server 2008 R2 machine which is also hosting SQL Sever 2008 R2. I am attempting to deploy a solution that includes web parts in the 2010 environment that is working fine in MOSS 2007. The Web Part feature has a feature receiver that updates the web.config. When I try to activate the feature through the Site Collection Feature GUI, I receive an access denied message. I am logged on to the server and in SharePoint with the APP Pool account which is also a member of the domain administrator group, local administrator group and SharePoint Farm Admin group. This account is also dbo on SQL Server. This same feature activates fine using the stsadm command. I have dug into this issue at length and here is what I have found: Looking at the Microsoft assemblies in reflector, my error is coming from the SPWebApplication.ApplyWebConfigModifications() method. I can see the trace statements from SPWebConfigFileChanges.RemoveModificationsWebConfigXMLDocument and SPWebConfigFileChanges.ApplyModificationsWebConfigXMLDocument. The next line is a Save(str). Below is the output from the SharePoint logs that pertain to this error: Apply web config modifications to web app 5a817a37-7bf6-4d26-be51-207369e38f5b 02/24/2010 16:05:41.09 w3wp.exe (0x0F64) 0x1034 SharePoint Foundation General 8grn Medium WebConfigModification: Applying web config modifications to web app in server tw-s1-m4400-007 5a817a37-7bf6-4d26-be51-207369e38f5b 02/24/2010 16:05:41.09 w3wp.exe (0x0F64) 0x1034 SharePoint Foundation Topology 88gw Medium WebConfigModification: Applying web config modifications to file C:\inetpub\wwwroot\wss\VirtualDirectories\2008\web.config 5a817a37-7bf6-4d26-be51-207369e38f5b 02/24/2010 16:05:41.09 w3wp.exe (0x0F64) 0x1034 SharePoint Foundation Topology 887b Medium Removing web config node - Path configuration/system.web/httpModules Node name add[@name='JivePageController'] 5a817a37-7bf6-4d26-be51-207369e38f5b 02/24/2010 16:05:41.09 w3wp.exe (0x0F64) 0x1034 SharePoint Foundation Topology 887b Medium Removing web config node - Path configuration/system.web/httpHandlers Node name add[@path='ScriptResource.axd'] 5a817a37-7bf6-4d26-be51-207369e38f5b 02/24/2010 16:05:41.09 w3wp.exe (0x0F64) 0x1034 SharePoint Foundation Topology 887b Medium Removing web config node - Path configuration/runtime/*[local-name()="assemblyBinding" and namespace-uri()="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1"] Node name [local-name()="dependentAssembly"][/@name="System.Web.Extensions.Design"] 5a817a37-7bf6-4d26-be51-207369e38f5b 02/24/2010 16:05:41.09 w3wp.exe (0x0F64) 0x1034 SharePoint Foundation Topology 887b Medium Removing web config node - Path configuration/runtime/*[local-name()="assemblyBinding" and namespace-uri()="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1"] Node name [local-name()="dependentAssembly"][/@name="System.Web.Extensions"] 5a817a37-7bf6-4d26-be51-207369e38f5b 02/24/2010 16:05:41.09 w3wp.exe (0x0F64) 0x1034 SharePoint Foundation Topology 8gp8 Medium WebConfigModification: Adding web config node - Path - configuration/runtime/*[local-name()="assemblyBinding" and namespace-uri()="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1"] Node name - [local-name()="dependentAssembly"][/@name="System.Web.Extensions"] Node value - in web.config file C:\inetpub\wwwroot\wss\VirtualDirectories\2008\web.config 5a817a37-7bf6-4d26-be51-207369e38f5b 02/24/2010 16:05:41.09 w3wp.exe (0x0F64) 0x1034 SharePoint Foundation Topology 8gp8 Medium WebConfigModification: Adding web config node - Path - configuration/runtime/*[local-name()="assemblyBinding" and namespace-uri()="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1"] Node name - [local-name()="dependentAssembly"][/@name="System.Web.Extensions.Design"] Node value - in web.config file C:\inetpub\wwwroot\wss\VirtualDirectories\2008\web.config 5a817a37-7bf6-4d26-be51-207369e38f5b 02/24/2010 16:05:41.09 w3wp.exe (0x0F64) 0x1034 SharePoint Foundation Topology 8gp8 Medium WebConfigModification: Adding web config node - Path - configuration/system.web/httpHandlers Node name - add[@path='ScriptResource.axd'] Node value - in web.config file C:\inetpub\wwwroot\wss\VirtualDirectories\2008\web.config 5a817a37-7bf6-4d26-be51-207369e38f5b 02/24/2010 16:05:41.09 w3wp.exe (0x0F64) 0x1034 SharePoint Foundation Topology 8gp8 Medium WebConfigModification: Adding web config node - Path - configuration/system.web/httpModules Node name - add[@name='JivePageController'] Node value - in web.config file C:\inetpub\wwwroot\wss\VirtualDirectories\2008\web.config 5a817a37-7bf6-4d26-be51-207369e38f5b 02/24/2010 16:05:41.09 w3wp.exe (0x15C4) 0x1444 SharePoint Foundation Topology e5mb Medium WcfReceiveRequest: LocalAddress: 'http://tw-s1-m4400-007.jivedemo.local:32843/15702467ece1408f881abeabac3b5077/MetadataWebService.svc' Channel: 'System.ServiceModel.Channels.ServiceChannel' Action: xxx MessageId: 'urn:uuid:4e859532-ed7f-4937-8b88-68d3af43d589' 9f403ede-2c94-490b-a05c-e169cc5fe58d 02/24/2010 16:05:41.10 w3wp.exe (0x0F64) 0x1034 SharePoint Foundation Topology f6kh High WebConfigModification: Save of web.config file C:\inetpub\wwwroot\wss\VirtualDirectories\2008\web.config for applying modifications to web app SharePoint - 2008 failed. Error message - Access to the path 'C:\inetpub\wwwroot\wss\VirtualDirectories\2008\web.config' is denied. 5a817a37-7bf6-4d26-be51-207369e38f5b 02/24/2010 16:05:41.10 w3wp.exe (0x0F64) 0x1034 SharePoint Foundation Topology 8j2o High WebConfigModification: Changes not applied to web application SharePoint - 2008 with Url xxx 5a817a37-7bf6-4d26-be51-207369e38f5b Any help would be appreciated!

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String Sharing/Reference issue with objects in Delphi

- by jenakai123

My application builds many objects in memory based on filenames (among other string based information). I was hoping to optimise memory usage by storing the path and filename separately, and then sharing the path between objects in the same path. I wasn't trying to look at using a string pool or anything, basically my objects are sorted so if I have 10 objects with the same path I want objects 2-10 to have their path "pointed" at object 1's path (eg object[2].Path=object[1].Path); I have a problem though, I don't believe that my objects are in fact sharing a reference to the same string after I think I am telling them to (by the object[2].Path=object[1].Path assignment). When I do an experiment with a string list and set all the values to point to the first value in the list I can see the "memory conservation" in action, but when I use objects I see absolutely no change at all, admittedly I am only using task manager (private working set) to watch for memory use changes. Here's a contrived example, I hope this makes sense. I have an object: TfileObject=class(Tobject) FpathPart: string; FfilePart: string; end; Now I create 1,000,000 instances of the object, using a new string for each one: var x: integer; MyFilePath: string; fo: TfileObject; begin for x := 1 to 1000000 do begin // create a new string for every iteration of the loop MyFilePath:=ExtractFilePath(Application.ExeName); fo:=TfileObject.Create; fo.FpathPart:=MyFilePath; FobjectList.Add(fo); end; end; Run this up and task manager says I am using 68MB of memory or something. (Note that if I allocated MyFilePath outside of the loop then I do save memory because of 1 instance of the string, but this is a contrived example and not actually how it would happen in the app). Now I want to "optimise" my memory usage by making all objects share the same instance of the path string, since it's the same value: var x: integer; begin for x:=1 to FobjectList.Count-1 do begin TfileObject(FobjectList[x]).FpathPart:=TfileObject(FobjectList[0]).FpathPart; end; end; Task Manager shows absouletly no change. However if I do something similar with a TstringList: var x: integer; begin for x := 1 to 1000000 do begin FstringList.Add(ExtractFilePath(Application.ExeName)); end; end; Task Manager says 60MB memory use. Now optimise with: var x: integer; begin for x := 1 to FstringList.Count - 1 do FstringList[x]:=FstringList[0]; end; Task Manager shows the drop in memory usage that I would expect, now 10MB. So I seem to be able to share strings in a string list, but not in objects. I am obviously missing something conceptually, in code or both! I hope this makes sense, I can really see the ability to conserve memory using this technique as I have a lot of objects all with lots of string information, that data is sorted in many different ways and I would like to be able to iterate over this data once it is loaded into memory and free some of that memory back up again by sharing strings in this way. Thanks in advance for any assistance you can offer.

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tile_static, tile_barrier, and tiled matrix multiplication with C++ AMP

- by Daniel Moth

We ended the previous post with a mechanical transformation of the C++ AMP matrix multiplication example to the tiled model and in the process introduced tiled_index and tiled_grid. This is part 2. tile_static memory You all know that in regular CPU code, static variables have the same value regardless of which thread accesses the static variable. This is in contrast with non-static local variables, where each thread has its own copy. Back to C++ AMP, the same rules apply and each thread has its own value for local variables in your lambda, whereas all threads see the same global memory, which is the data they have access to via the array and array_view. In addition, on an accelerator like the GPU, there is a programmable cache, a third kind of memory type if you'd like to think of it that way (some call it shared memory, others call it scratchpad memory). Variables stored in that memory share the same value for every thread in the same tile. So, when you use the tiled model, you can have variables where each thread in the same tile sees the same value for that variable, that threads from other tiles do not. The new storage class for local variables introduced for this purpose is called tile_static. You can only use tile_static in restrict(direct3d) functions, and only when explicitly using the tiled model. What this looks like in code should be no surprise, but here is a snippet to confirm your mental image, using a good old regular C array // each tile of threads has its own copy of locA, // shared among the threads of the tile tile_static float locA[16][16]; Note that tile_static variables are scoped and have the lifetime of the tile, and they cannot have constructors or destructors. tile_barrier In amp.h one of the types introduced is tile_barrier. You cannot construct this object yourself (although if you had one, you could use a copy constructor to create another one). So how do you get one of these? You get it, from a tiled_index object. Beyond the 4 properties returning index objects, tiled_index has another property, barrier, that returns a tile_barrier object. The tile_barrier class exposes a single member, the method wait. 15: // Given a tiled_index object named t_idx 16: t_idx.barrier.wait(); 17: // more code …in the code above, all threads in the tile will reach line 16 before a single one progresses to line 17. Note that all threads must be able to reach the barrier, i.e. if you had branchy code in such a way which meant that there is a chance that not all threads could reach line 16, then the code above would be illegal. Tiled Matrix Multiplication Example – part 2 So now that we added to our understanding the concepts of tile_static and tile_barrier, let me obfuscate rewrite the matrix multiplication code so that it takes advantage of tiling. Before you start reading this, I suggest you get a cup of your favorite non-alcoholic beverage to enjoy while you try to fully understand the code. 01: void MatrixMultiplyTiled(vector<float>& vC, const vector<float>& vA, const vector<float>& vB, int M, int N, int W) 02: { 03: static const int TS = 16; 04: array_view<const float,2> a(M, W, vA); 05: array_view<const float,2> b(W, N, vB); 06: array_view<writeonly<float>,2> c(M,N,vC); 07: parallel_for_each(c.grid.tile< TS, TS >(), 08: [=] (tiled_index< TS, TS> t_idx) restrict(direct3d) 09: { 10: int row = t_idx.local[0]; int col = t_idx.local[1]; 11: float sum = 0.0f; 12: for (int i = 0; i < W; i += TS) { 13: tile_static float locA[TS][TS], locB[TS][TS]; 14: locA[row][col] = a(t_idx.global[0], col + i); 15: locB[row][col] = b(row + i, t_idx.global[1]); 16: t_idx.barrier.wait(); 17: for (int k = 0; k < TS; k++) 18: sum += locA[row][k] * locB[k][col]; 19: t_idx.barrier.wait(); 20: } 21: c[t_idx.global] = sum; 22: }); 23: } Notice that all the code up to line 9 is the same as per the changes we made in part 1 of tiling introduction. If you squint, the body of the lambda itself preserves the original algorithm on lines 10, 11, and 17, 18, and 21. The difference being that those lines use new indexing and the tile_static arrays; the tile_static arrays are declared and initialized on the brand new lines 13-15. On those lines we copy from the global memory represented by the array_view objects (a and b), to the tile_static vanilla arrays (locA and locB) – we are copying enough to fit a tile. Because in the code that follows on line 18 we expect the data for this tile to be in the tile_static storage, we need to synchronize the threads within each tile with a barrier, which we do on line 16 (to avoid accessing uninitialized memory on line 18). We also need to synchronize the threads within a tile on line 19, again to avoid the race between lines 14, 15 (retrieving the next set of data for each tile and overwriting the previous set) and line 18 (not being done processing the previous set of data). Luckily, as part of the awesome C++ AMP debugger in Visual Studio there is an option that helps you find such races, but that is a story for another blog post another time. May I suggest reading the next section, and then coming back to re-read and walk through this code with pen and paper to really grok what is going on, if you haven't already? Cool. Why would I introduce this tiling complexity into my code? Funny you should ask that, I was just about to tell you. There is only one reason we tiled our extent, had to deal with finding a good tile size, ensure the number of threads we schedule are correctly divisible with the tile size, had to use a tiled_index instead of a normal index, and had to understand tile_barrier and to figure out where we need to use it, and double the size of our lambda in terms of lines of code: the reason is to be able to use tile_static memory. Why do we want to use tile_static memory? Because accessing tile_static memory is around 10 times faster than accessing the global memory on an accelerator like the GPU, e.g. in the code above, if you can get 150GB/second accessing data from the array_view a, you can get 1500GB/second accessing the tile_static array locA. And since by definition you are dealing with really large data sets, the savings really pay off. We have seen tiled implementations being twice as fast as their non-tiled counterparts. Now, some algorithms will not have performance benefits from tiling (and in fact may deteriorate), e.g. algorithms that require you to go only once to global memory will not benefit from tiling, since with tiling you already have to fetch the data once from global memory! Other algorithms may benefit, but you may decide that you are happy with your code being 150 times faster than the serial-version you had, and you do not need to invest to make it 250 times faster. Also algorithms with more than 3 dimensions, which C++ AMP supports in the non-tiled model, cannot be tiled. Also note that in future releases, we may invest in making the non-tiled model, which already uses tiling under the covers, go the extra step and use tile_static memory on your behalf, but it is obviously way to early to commit to anything like that, and we certainly don't do any of that today. Comments about this post by Daniel Moth welcome at the original blog.

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parallel_for_each from amp.h – part 1

- by Daniel Moth

This posts assumes that you've read my other C++ AMP posts on index<N> and extent<N>, as well as about the restrict modifier. It also assumes you are familiar with C++ lambdas (if not, follow my links to C++ documentation). Basic structure and parameters Now we are ready for part 1 of the description of the new overload for the concurrency::parallel_for_each function. The basic new parallel_for_each method signature returns void and accepts two parameters: a grid<N> (think of it as an alias to extent) a restrict(direct3d) lambda, whose signature is such that it returns void and accepts an index of the same rank as the grid So it looks something like this (with generous returns for more palatable formatting) assuming we are dealing with a 2-dimensional space: // some_code_A parallel_for_each( g, // g is of type grid<2> [ ](index<2> idx) restrict(direct3d) { // kernel code } ); // some_code_B The parallel_for_each will execute the body of the lambda (which must have the restrict modifier), on the GPU. We also call the lambda body the "kernel". The kernel will be executed multiple times, once per scheduled GPU thread. The only difference in each execution is the value of the index object (aka as the GPU thread ID in this context) that gets passed to your kernel code. The number of GPU threads (and the values of each index) is determined by the grid object you pass, as described next. You know that grid is simply a wrapper on extent. In this context, one way to think about it is that the extent generates a number of index objects. So for the example above, if your grid was setup by some_code_A as follows: extent<2> e(2,3); grid<2> g(e); ...then given that: e.size()==6, e[0]==2, and e[1]=3 ...the six index<2> objects it generates (and hence the values that your lambda would receive) are: (0,0) (1,0) (0,1) (1,1) (0,2) (1,2) So what the above means is that the lambda body with the algorithm that you wrote will get executed 6 times and the index<2> object you receive each time will have one of the values just listed above (of course, each one will only appear once, the order is indeterminate, and they are likely to call your code at the same exact time). Obviously, in real GPU programming, you'd typically be scheduling thousands if not millions of threads, not just 6. If you've been following along you should be thinking: "that is all fine and makes sense, but what can I do in the kernel since I passed nothing else meaningful to it, and it is not returning any values out to me?" Passing data in and out It is a good question, and in data parallel algorithms indeed you typically want to pass some data in, perform some operation, and then typically return some results out. The way you pass data into the kernel, is by capturing variables in the lambda (again, if you are not familiar with them, follow the links about C++ lambdas), and the way you use data after the kernel is done executing is simply by using those same variables. In the example above, the lambda was written in a fairly useless way with an empty capture list: [ ](index<2> idx) restrict(direct3d), where the empty square brackets means that no variables were captured. If instead I write it like this [&](index<2> idx) restrict(direct3d), then all variables in the some_code_A region are made available to the lambda by reference, but as soon as I try to use any of those variables in the lambda, I will receive a compiler error. This has to do with one of the direct3d restrictions, where only one type can be capture by reference: objects of the new concurrency::array class that I'll introduce in the next post (suffice for now to think of it as a container of data). If I write the lambda line like this [=](index<2> idx) restrict(direct3d), all variables in the some_code_A region are made available to the lambda by value. This works for some types (e.g. an integer), but not for all, as per the restrictions for direct3d. In particular, no useful data classes work except for one new type we introduce with C++ AMP: objects of the new concurrency::array_view class, that I'll introduce in the post after next. Also note that if you capture some variable by value, you could use it as input to your algorithm, but you wouldn’t be able to observe changes to it after the parallel_for_each call (e.g. in some_code_B region since it was passed by value) – the exception to this rule is the array_view since (as we'll see in a future post) it is a wrapper for data, not a container. Finally, for completeness, you can write your lambda, e.g. like this [av, &ar](index<2> idx) restrict(direct3d) where av is a variable of type array_view and ar is a variable of type array - the point being you can be very specific about what variables you capture and how. So it looks like from a large data perspective you can only capture array and array_view objects in the lambda (that is how you pass data to your kernel) and then use the many threads that call your code (each with a unique index) to perform some operation. You can also capture some limited types by value, as input only. When the last thread completes execution of your lambda, the data in the array_view or array are ready to be used in the some_code_B region. We'll talk more about all this in future posts… (a)synchronous Please note that the parallel_for_each executes as if synchronous to the calling code, but in reality, it is asynchronous. I.e. once the parallel_for_each call is made and the kernel has been passed to the runtime, the some_code_B region continues to execute immediately by the CPU thread, while in parallel the kernel is executed by the GPU threads. However, if you try to access the (array or array_view) data that you captured in the lambda in the some_code_B region, your code will block until the results become available. Hence the correct statement: the parallel_for_each is as-if synchronous in terms of visible side-effects, but asynchronous in reality. That's all for now, we'll revisit the parallel_for_each description, once we introduce properly array and array_view – coming next. Comments about this post by Daniel Moth welcome at the original blog.

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.NET Winform AJAX Login Services

- by AdamSane

I am working on a Windows Form that connects to a ASP.NET membership database and I am trying to use the AJAX Login Service. No matter what I do I keep on getting 404 errors on the Authentication_JSON_AppService.axd call. Web Config Below <?xml version="1.0"?>  <configuration> <configSections> <sectionGroup name="system.web.extensions" type="System.Web.Configuration.SystemWebExtensionsSectionGroup, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35"> <sectionGroup name="scripting" type="System.Web.Configuration.ScriptingSectionGroup, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35"> <section name="scriptResourceHandler" type="System.Web.Configuration.ScriptingScriptResourceHandlerSection, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35" requirePermission="false" allowDefinition="MachineToApplication"/> <sectionGroup name="webServices" type="System.Web.Configuration.ScriptingWebServicesSectionGroup, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35"> <section name="jsonSerialization" type="System.Web.Configuration.ScriptingJsonSerializationSection, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35" requirePermission="false" allowDefinition="Everywhere"/> <section name="profileService" type="System.Web.Configuration.ScriptingProfileServiceSection, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35" requirePermission="false" allowDefinition="MachineToApplication"/> <section name="authenticationService" type="System.Web.Configuration.ScriptingAuthenticationServiceSection, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35" requirePermission="false" allowDefinition="MachineToApplication"/> <section name="roleService" type="System.Web.Configuration.ScriptingRoleServiceSection, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35" requirePermission="false" allowDefinition="MachineToApplication"/> </sectionGroup> </sectionGroup> </sectionGroup> </configSections> <connectionStrings  /> <appSettings/> <system.web>  <compilation debug="true"> <assemblies> <add assembly="System.Core, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=B77A5C561934E089"/> <add assembly="System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35"/> <add assembly="System.Xml.Linq, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=B77A5C561934E089"/> <add assembly="System.Data.DataSetExtensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=B77A5C561934E089"/> <add assembly="System.Data.Linq, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=B77A5C561934E089"/> </assemblies> </compilation> <membership defaultProvider="dbSqlMembershipProvider"> <providers> <add name="dbSqlMembershipProvider" type="System.Web.Security.SqlMembershipProvider, System.Web, Version=2.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a" connectionStringName="Fire.Common.Properties.Settings.dbFireConnectionString" enablePasswordRetrieval="false" enablePasswordReset="true" requiresQuestionAndAnswer="true" applicationName="/" requiresUniqueEmail="false" passwordFormat="Hashed" maxInvalidPasswordAttempts="5" minRequiredPasswordLength="7" minRequiredNonalphanumericCharacters="1" passwordAttemptWindow="10" passwordStrengthRegularExpression=""/> </providers> </membership> <roleManager enabled="true" defaultProvider="dbSqlRoleProvider"> <providers> <add connectionStringName="Fire.Common.Properties.Settings.dbFireConnectionString" applicationName="/" name="dbSqlRoleProvider" type="System.Web.Security.SqlRoleProvider, System.Web, Version=2.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a"/> </providers> </roleManager> <authentication mode="Forms"> <forms loginUrl="Login.aspx" cookieless="UseCookies" protection="All" timeout="30" requireSSL="false" slidingExpiration="true" defaultUrl="default.aspx" enableCrossAppRedirects="false"/> </authentication> <authorization> <allow users="*"/> <allow users="?"/> </authorization> <customErrors mode="Off"> </customErrors> <pages> <controls> <add tagPrefix="asp" namespace="System.Web.UI" assembly="System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35"/> <add tagPrefix="asp" namespace="System.Web.UI.WebControls" assembly="System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35"/> </controls> </pages> <httpHandlers> <remove verb="*" path="*.asmx"/> <add verb="*" path="*_AppService.axd" validate="false" type="System.Web.Script.Services.ScriptHandlerFactory, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35"/> <add verb="GET,HEAD" path="ScriptResource.axd" validate="false" type="System.Web.Handlers.ScriptResourceHandler, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35"/> <add verb="*" path="*.asmx" validate="false" type="System.Web.Script.Services.ScriptHandlerFactory, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35"/> </httpHandlers> <httpModules> <add name="ScriptModule" type="System.Web.Handlers.ScriptModule, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35"/> </httpModules> </system.web> <location path="~/Admin"> <system.web> <authorization> <allow roles="Admin"/> <allow roles="System"/> <deny users="*"/> </authorization> </system.web> </location> <location path="~/Admin/System"> <system.web> <authorization> <allow roles="System"/> <deny users="*"/> </authorization> </system.web> </location> <location path="~/Export"> <system.web> <authorization> <allow roles="Export"/> <deny users="*"/> </authorization> </system.web> </location> <location path="~/Field"> <system.web> <authorization> <allow roles="Field"/> <deny users="*"/> </authorization> </system.web> </location> <location path="~/Default.aspx"> <system.web> <authorization> <allow roles="Admin"/> <allow roles="System"/> <allow roles="Export"/> <allow roles="Field"/> <deny users="?"/> </authorization> </system.web> </location> <location path="~/Login.aspx"> <system.web> <authorization> <allow users="*"/> <allow users="?"/> </authorization> </system.web> </location> <location path="~/App_Themes"> <system.web> <authorization> <allow users="*"/> <allow users="?"/> </authorization> </system.web> </location> <location path="~/Includes"> <system.web> <authorization> <allow users="*"/> <allow users="?"/> </authorization> </system.web> </location> <location path="~/WebServices"> <system.web> <authorization> <allow users="*"/> <allow users="?"/> </authorization> </system.web> </location> <location path="~/Authentication_JSON_AppService.axd"> <system.web> <authorization> <allow users="*"/> <allow users="?"/> </authorization> </system.web> </location> <system.codedom> <compilers> <compiler language="c#;cs;csharp" extension=".cs" type="Microsoft.CSharp.CSharpCodeProvider,System, Version=2.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089" warningLevel="4"> <providerOption name="CompilerVersion" value="v3.5"/> <providerOption name="WarnAsError" value="false"/> </compiler> <compiler language="vb;vbs;visualbasic;vbscript" extension=".vb" type="Microsoft.VisualBasic.VBCodeProvider, System, Version=2.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089" warningLevel="4"> <providerOption name="CompilerVersion" value="v3.5"/> <providerOption name="OptionInfer" value="true"/> <providerOption name="WarnAsError" value="false"/> </compiler> </compilers> </system.codedom>  <system.webServer> <validation validateIntegratedModeConfiguration="false"/> <modules> <remove name="ScriptModule"/> <add name="ScriptModule" preCondition="managedHandler" type="System.Web.Handlers.ScriptModule, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35"/> </modules> <handlers> <remove name="WebServiceHandlerFactory-Integrated"/> <remove name="ScriptHandlerFactory"/> <remove name="ScriptHandlerFactoryAppServices"/> <remove name="ScriptResource"/> <add name="ScriptHandlerFactory" verb="*" path="*.asmx" preCondition="integratedMode" type="System.Web.Script.Services.ScriptHandlerFactory, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35"/> <add name="ScriptHandlerFactoryAppServices" verb="*" path="*_AppService.axd" preCondition="integratedMode" type="System.Web.Script.Services.ScriptHandlerFactory, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35"/> <add name="ScriptResource" verb="GET,HEAD" path="ScriptResource.axd" preCondition="integratedMode" type="System.Web.Handlers.ScriptResourceHandler, System.Web.Extensions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35"/> </handlers> </system.webServer> <runtime> <assemblyBinding xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1"> <dependentAssembly> <assemblyIdentity name="System.Web.Extensions" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35"/> <bindingRedirect oldVersion="1.0.0.0-1.1.0.0" newVersion="3.5.0.0"/> </dependentAssembly> <dependentAssembly> <assemblyIdentity name="System.Web.Extensions.Design" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35"/> <bindingRedirect oldVersion="1.0.0.0-1.1.0.0" newVersion="3.5.0.0"/> </dependentAssembly> </assemblyBinding> </runtime> </configuration>

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