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• Started a Forum Board (with phpBB), but Now Rethinking Choice of Board App - Security

  - by nicorellius

  The main reason I even started participating on Superuser.com is because a friend ripped me a new one for using phpBB. He said, "check out StackExchange, they have their act together!" I did, and it's true. So now, after learning phpBB and implementing the board (it's still new and in its infancy), I feel slightly regretful. I would love to use the Stack Exchange tool, but the cost will eventually be the main deterrent. The attractive thing about phpBB is that it's free and open. However, I have heard that it lacks security. Has anyone had this experience, that phpBB is not secure, such that they changed board software? And, I wonder if Stack Exchange is going to introduce a cheaper option for low traffic users? Does this question belong on meta?

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• Amazon EC2 EBS volume scheduled backup/snapshots using puppet

  - by Ehrann Mehdan

  I am not a Linux admin, although I wish I was, and I have seen these questions Amazon EC2 Backup Strategy Amazon EC2 + EBS:: Regular backup plan? Simple Backup Strategy for Amazon EC2 instances / volumes? And this suggestion http://alestic.com/2009/09/ec2-consistent-snapshot I tried using command line + crontab (the command line works, but crontab for some reason, doesn't) But I'm still pretty lost, all I want is an automated, rolling backup of my amazon EC2 (EBS) data (by rolling I mean keep 3-4 weeks back, but delete old snapshots as new ones come for cost control) And as things usually go, if there is something that is hard and painful, someone creates a solution for it. My question is simple, is there a way using a tool like Puppet to do it without a painful learning curve? (or via other tools like http://ylastic.com) If yes, how?

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• gen-msg.map missing in Snort rules?

  - by TheLQ

  I am trying to install Snort 2.8.4.1 (only package available in the repos) with Barnyard2 with limited success. I've managed to fix everything but this: [lordquackstar@quackwall rules]$ sudo barnyard2 -c /etc/snort/barnyard2.conf -d /var/log/snort -f snort.u2 -w /etc/snort/barny Password: Running in Continuous mode --== Initializing Barnyard2 ==-- Initializing Input Plugins! Initializing Output Plugins! Parsing config file "/etc/snort/barnyard2.conf" ERROR: Unable to open Generator file "/etc/snort/gen-msg.map": No such file or directory ERROR: Stat check on log dir (/var/log/barnyard2) failed: No such file or directory. Fatal Error, Quitting.. The gen-msg.map error is puzzling me. The rulesets that come with the package do not contain this file. The newish rules I just downloaded from Snort.org for version 2.8.6.1 don't have this file. The only file that looks close is called sid-msg.map, but that's the wrong one. Where can I obtain this file? Just in case it matters: The packages come from the ClearOS repositories (OS is based off of CentOS). I'm running CentOS 5.2

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• EC2 hosted service multi-tenant dynamic DNS solution

  - by accidental admin

  I want to change the model of my EC2 hosted service to have a separate sub domain for each tenant (ie. .example.com). My primary DNS is now with dnsmadeeasy.com, but their dynamic DNS offering seem pretty weak: it requires the API to use my full dnsmadeeasy.com account credentials, I rather have the API use a limited privilege credential that can only add/remove/modify subdomain records from what I gather it only allows to modify existing records, does not allow me to dynamically add/remove records for new tenant subdomains My question what are my alternatives? Is there something in the dnsmadeeasy API offering I misunderstood and I should just use them? Is there some other similar DNS service that has a DDNS offering that satisfies my requirements? Or should I just bite the bullet and host my own DNS (my fear is not configuration/learning/know how, my fear is reliability). If you recommend the latter, can you detail the necessary steps or a link to a good tutorial how to?

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• swapping or trashing with vast amounts of unmapped pagecache

  - by Marco

  I'm using kubuntu jaunty (i386 32bit), kernel 2.6.28-13-generic. I've 4Gb of RAM, of which only 3317Mb are seen by the system (I guess because of the 32bit system). I'm seeing that the pagecache utilization is continually growing, up to the point that the system is unusable (after a few days). This happens also when I don't do anything (all user applications closed and the bare minimum of services enabled). If enabled, the system starts to use swap space (using it all in the end). Even if swap is disabled, disk activity becomes continuous, with the system unresponsive. For example, right now the system is working (albeit a tad slow), with only firefox and wing ide running, and I have 2Gb cached with only 45Mb mapped: $ free total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 3346388 3247328 99060 0 8416 2117980 -/+ buffers/cache: 1120932 2225456 Swap: 2144668 519448 1625220 $ cat /proc/meminfo MemTotal: 3346388 kB MemFree: 97128 kB Buffers: 7872 kB Cached: 2120224 kB SwapCached: 413860 kB Active: 2304596 kB Inactive: 865984 kB Active(anon): 2279168 kB Inactive(anon): 830236 kB Active(file): 25428 kB Inactive(file): 35748 kB Unevictable: 32 kB Mlocked: 32 kB HighTotal: 2492940 kB HighFree: 5456 kB LowTotal: 853448 kB LowFree: 91672 kB SwapTotal: 2144668 kB SwapFree: 1625244 kB Dirty: 84 kB Writeback: 0 kB AnonPages: 629304 kB Mapped: 45768 kB Slab: 45600 kB SReclaimable: 21756 kB SUnreclaim: 23844 kB PageTables: 4468 kB NFS_Unstable: 0 kB Bounce: 0 kB WritebackTmp: 0 kB CommitLimit: 3817860 kB Committed_AS: 3735020 kB VmallocTotal: 122880 kB VmallocUsed: 9352 kB VmallocChunk: 66600 kB HugePages_Total: 0 HugePages_Free: 0 HugePages_Rsvd: 0 HugePages_Surp: 0 Hugepagesize: 4096 kB DirectMap4k: 16376 kB DirectMap4M: 888832 kB If I try to drop the caches, little happes: # sync ; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches ; free total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 3346388 3220580 125808 0 3020 2100600 -/+ buffers/cache: 1116960 2229428 Swap: 2144668 519356 1625312 Right now I've vm.swappiness = 5, but I've tried also with 0 and 1 (without noticeable differences). I've also tried vm.vfs_cache_pressure = 50 and 150 (again, no differences). As I said the pagecache eats all memory even with swapping turned off. What is happening? How to avoid this? TIA, Marco

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• swapping or trashing with vast amounts of unmapped pagecache

  - by Marco

  I'm using kubuntu jaunty (i386 32bit), kernel 2.6.28-13-generic. I've 4Gb of RAM, of which only 3317Mb are seen by the system (I guess because of the 32bit system). I'm seeing that the pagecache utilization is continually growing, up to the point that the system is unusable (after a few days). This happens also when I don't do anything (all user applications closed and the bare minimum of services enabled). If enabled, the system starts to use swap space (using it all in the end). Even if swap is disabled, disk activity becomes continuous, with the system unresponsive. For example, right now the system is working (albeit a tad slow), with only Firefox and wing ide running, and I have 2Gb cached with only 45Mb mapped: $ free total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 3346388 3247328 99060 0 8416 2117980 -/+ buffers/cache: 1120932 2225456 Swap: 2144668 519448 1625220 $ cat /proc/meminfo MemTotal: 3346388 kB MemFree: 97128 kB Buffers: 7872 kB Cached: 2120224 kB SwapCached: 413860 kB Active: 2304596 kB Inactive: 865984 kB Active(anon): 2279168 kB Inactive(anon): 830236 kB Active(file): 25428 kB Inactive(file): 35748 kB Unevictable: 32 kB Mlocked: 32 kB HighTotal: 2492940 kB HighFree: 5456 kB LowTotal: 853448 kB LowFree: 91672 kB SwapTotal: 2144668 kB SwapFree: 1625244 kB Dirty: 84 kB Writeback: 0 kB AnonPages: 629304 kB Mapped: 45768 kB Slab: 45600 kB SReclaimable: 21756 kB SUnreclaim: 23844 kB PageTables: 4468 kB NFS_Unstable: 0 kB Bounce: 0 kB WritebackTmp: 0 kB CommitLimit: 3817860 kB Committed_AS: 3735020 kB VmallocTotal: 122880 kB VmallocUsed: 9352 kB VmallocChunk: 66600 kB HugePages_Total: 0 HugePages_Free: 0 HugePages_Rsvd: 0 HugePages_Surp: 0 Hugepagesize: 4096 kB DirectMap4k: 16376 kB DirectMap4M: 888832 kB If I try to drop the caches, little happens: # sync ; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches ; free total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 3346388 3220580 125808 0 3020 2100600 -/+ buffers/cache: 1116960 2229428 Swap: 2144668 519356 1625312 Right now I've vm.swappiness = 5, but I've tried also with 0 and 1 (without noticeable differences). I've also tried vm.vfs_cache_pressure = 50 and 150 (again, no differences). As I said the pagecache eats all memory even with swapping turned off. What is happening? How to avoid this?

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• Jenkins: Use it with SSL / https

  - by Tim

  I have a Fedora server running Jenkins which I install via yum. Everything is okay, I can access it with http://ci.mydomain.com. But now, I want to access it with https://ci.mydomain.com, so the login with username and password is encrypted. How can I do this? Best Regards Tim Update My /etc/sysconfig/jenkins file. Starting Jenkins works, but I can not access Jenkins with the webbrowser with https://ci.mydomain.com or http://ci.mydomain.com:443, ... ## Path: Development/Jenkins ## Description: Configuration for the Jenkins continuous build server ## Type: string ## Default: "/var/lib/jenkins" ## ServiceRestart: jenkins # # Directory where Jenkins store its configuration and working # files (checkouts, build reports, artifacts, ...). # JENKINS_HOME="/var/lib/jenkins" ## Type: string ## Default: "" ## ServiceRestart: jenkins # # Java executable to run Jenkins # When left empty, we'll try to find the suitable Java. # JENKINS_JAVA_CMD="" ## Type: string ## Default: "jenkins" ## ServiceRestart: jenkins # # Unix user account that runs the Jenkins daemon # Be careful when you change this, as you need to update # permissions of $JENKINS_HOME and /var/log/jenkins. # JENKINS_USER="jenkins" ## Type: string ## Default: "-Djava.awt.headless=true" ## ServiceRestart: jenkins # # Options to pass to java when running Jenkins. # JENKINS_JAVA_OPTIONS="-Djava.awt.headless=true" ## Type: integer(0:65535) ## Default: 8080 ## ServiceRestart: jenkins # # Port Jenkins is listening on. # JENKINS_PORT="8080" ## Type: integer(1:9) ## Default: 5 ## ServiceRestart: jenkins # # Debug level for logs -- the higher the value, the more verbose. # 5 is INFO. # JENKINS_DEBUG_LEVEL="5" ## Type: yesno ## Default: no ## ServiceRestart: jenkins # # Whether to enable access logging or not. # JENKINS_ENABLE_ACCESS_LOG="no" ## Type: integer ## Default: 100 ## ServiceRestart: jenkins # # Maximum number of HTTP worker threads. # JENKINS_HANDLER_MAX="100" ## Type: integer ## Default: 20 ## ServiceRestart: jenkins # # Maximum number of idle HTTP worker threads. # JENKINS_HANDLER_IDLE="20" ## Type: string ## Default: "" ## ServiceRestart: jenkins # # Pass arbitrary arguments to Jenkins. # Full option list: java -jar jenkins.war --help # JENKINS_ARGS="--httpsPort=443 --httpsKeyStore=/root/.keystore --httpsKeyStorePassword=MYPASSWORD"

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• Which Linux distro for Mac Mini?

  - by spoon16

  I recently received a Mac Mini and would like to set it up as a web server and git source server. I would like to learn Linux so am interested in setting up my Mac Mini with Linux instead of OSX. Here are the main things that I will be using the Mac Mini for. git Repositories (via Gitosis) build server (build projects in git repositories using commit hooks and run tests) simple websites (PHP) learning C++ in a non-Windows environment What distribution would you recommend? Please provide some detail in your answer so that I can make an meaningful decision. Because I am looking to use the mini as more of a server than a normal desktop machine I was thinking of Ubuntu Server, I'm not sure if that is over kill though given the hardware I am using.

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• Which Linux distro for Mac Mini?

  - by spoon16

  I recently received a Mac Mini and would like to set it up as a web server and git source server. I would like to learn Linux so am interested in setting up my Mac Mini with Linux instead of OSX. Here are the main things that I will be using the Mac Mini for. git Repositories (via Gitosis) build server (build projects in git repositories using commit hooks and run tests) simple websites (PHP) learning C++ in a non-Windows environment What distribution would you recommend? Please provide some detail in your answer so that I can make an meaningful decision. Because I am looking to use the mini as more of a server than a normal desktop machine I was thinking of Ubuntu Server, I'm not sure if that is over kill though given the hardware I am using.

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• how to open multiple projects into the CAST IRON integration tool?

  - by MIshal Shah

  Hi, I am learning the cast iron tool (http://www.castiron.com/) which is widely used now a days for integration purpose,but i can only open 1 project and if i want to open the other project at the same time than i have to close the 1st project and after that able to open the 2nd project. So many times i have to open 2 projects at the same time but i dont know in which way i can open the projects ? can any body give me any urgent solution for the same to open the multiple projects at the same time and to switch between them ? Thanks, Mishal Shah

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• Should I be afraid of Linux server administration?

  - by markle976

  I've been trying to figure out what to focus on. I finally realized that the root of my quandary is that I am unsure about learning Linux server administration. I have been getting pretty good with PHP/MySQL and web development, but I am not very familiar with Linux. Is it hard to learn? What would I need to know in order to manage a LAMP stack? Also, which version is most used in enterprises? I think I have also hesitated to dive in because it seems like it is mostly used in small companies, but I guess that could be a good thing.

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• OS for Virtual Private Server (VPS)

  - by B. Stran

  Hi guys! I'm new to VPS managing and I need to chose which OS to install on my VPS. I have the following alternatives: CentOS 5.2 Ubuntu 9.10 Ubuntu Server edition 8.10 Debian 5.0 Lenny Debian 4.0 Etch Gentoo Minimal 10.0 I tried to install couple of them, I've also installed Webmin and doesn't really see any big differences among them. Which one would you suggest for someone who is just learning (but it's going to be a working server as soon as I'm done with testing)? Which one uses less resources (I have only 256 MB of RAM)? Any suggestions are greatly appreciated.

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• Apache2, PHP 5.2.8 Working - CRM Install Wizard Doesn't See the PHP Version

  - by nicorellius

  The Apache2 server and PHP version seem to be in order, but when I launch the CRM installer at http://localhost/<CRM dir>/install.php The wizard says I need a minimum of PHP 5.1 and preferably PHP 5.2.x. The thing is, I am running PHP 5.2.8, and I know this from running php --version Plus, I spent a bunch of time learning how and (I thought, successfully) compiling PHP 5.2.8. It is quite likely I screwed up and don't have some libraries I need, but I'm not sure where to look first. Thanks in advance.

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• automator scripts - resources

  - by sagar

  In Leopard, on Finder - desktop, right click pop up menu has an option for automator scripts. In Snow Leopard - they have removed this option. More over, I would like to learn some automator scripts. What are the great resources for learning about automator & it's script ? Suppose, I want to create an automator for creating a tar.gz for selected files & folders. What should I do ? Thanks in advance for sharing your knowledge. Please add comment before down vote or close vote. Sagar.

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• Difference between RPM (yum) and apt-get

  - by Josh K

  Functional difference between the two? Packages different style or what? I'm dipping my toe in the server pool and playing with an Ubuntu install right now, which is apt-get. I'm also considering FreeBSD and Debian if I do decide to start running my own VPS. So far things have been very easy, sudo apt-get install apache2 and the like with no issues at all. I'd like to know if there is a different learning curve to yum or variants.

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• Windows FAT/NTFS Low-Level Disk Viewer (Norton DiskEdit alternative)

  - by Synetech inc.

  Hi, One of my most valuable software tools has always been Norton DiskEdit from Norton Utilities/Symantec Systemworks. I have used it for years for so many things, including, but not limited to learning file-systems. I am now in search of a similar tool that can let me view FAT and NTFS disks at a low and high level under Windows. I have seen Runtime Software’s DiskExplorer, but unfortunately, it is limited in a number of ways, particularly annoying is that it does not really let you view the disk as structured (it does not let you see directory entries from a directory that is fragmented like DiskEdit can without doing a too-exhaustive scan which doesn’t even work for FAT partitions that have cluster sizes <4KB). Does anyone know of a Windows alternative of a Norton DiskEditor? Thanks a lot.

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• Using Python on Mac

  - by choise

  hi, i want to learn python using my mac. now i want to setup a python version = 3.1.3, because my materials for learning are using this version. typing python into terminal results version 2.6.1, using the dmg installer on python.org (http://docs.python.org/ftp/python/3.1.3/) doesn't have an effect on the python version in terminal, but it's bundled with an own shell under Applications/Python 3.1/Idle.app my question now is, should i use this shell for learing or is there a better way, updating the python version bundled with snow leopard? i already tried defaults write com.apple.versioner.python Version 3.1.3 or defaults write com.apple.versioner.python Version 3.0 without any result. thanks!

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• Cleaning Up Unused Users and Groups (Ubuntu 10.10 Server)

  - by PhpMyCoder

  Hello experts, I'm very much a beginner when it comes to Ubuntu and I've been learning the ropes by diving in and writing a (backend-language independent) web app framework that relies on apache, some clever mod_rewrites, Ubuntu permissions, groups, and users. One thing that really annoys my inner clean-freak is that there are loads of users and groups that are created when Ubuntu is installed that are never used (Or so I think). Since I'm just running a simple web app server, I would like to know: What users/groups can I remove? Since you'll probably ask for it...here's a list of all the users on my box (excluding the ones I know that I need): root daemon bin sys sync man lp mail uucp proxy backup list irc gnats nobody libuuid syslog And a list of all of the groups: root daemon bin sys adm tty disk lp mail uucp man proxy kmem dialout fax voice cdrom floppy tape sudo audio dip backup operator list irc src gnats shadow utmp video sasl plugdev users nogroup libuuid crontab syslog fuse mlocate ssl-cert lpadmin sambashare admin

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• Ensuring a repeatable directory ordering in linux

  - by Paul Biggar

  I run a hosted continuous integration company, and we run our customers' code on Linux. Each time we run the code, we run it in a separate virtual machine. A frequent problem that arises is that a customer's tests will sometimes fail because of the directory ordering of their code checked out on the VM. Let me go into more detail. On OSX, the HFS+ file system ensures that directories are always traversed in the same order. Programmers who use OSX assume that if it works on their machine, it must work everywhere. But it often doesn't work on Linux, because linux file systems do not offer ordering guarantees when traversing directories. As an example, consider there are 2 files, a.rb, b.rb. a.rb defines MyObject, and b.rb uses MyObject. If a.rb is loaded first, everything will work. If b.rb is loaded first, it will try to access an undefined variable MyObject, and fail. But worse than this, is that it doesn't always just fail. Because the file system ordering on Linux is not ordered, it will be a different order on different machines. This is worse because sometimes the tests pass, and sometimes they fail. This is the worst possible result. So my question is, is there a way to make file system ordering repeatable. Some flag to ext4 perhaps, that says it will always traverse directories in some order? Or maybe a different file system that has this guarantee?

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• Transferring a single wordpress site from shared account to vps

  - by N e w B e e

  I got a hosting account at Hostgator. it was a shared account and i had three websites present over there. Now, i have upgraded my account to VPS at Hostgator and i want to transfer only ONE website over the new VPS. say, mydom.net. this website includes wordpress installation and other custom pages and setup can somebody please guide me How can I transfer the web to my new account? with speed, accuracy, and such that my website remains in working condition.. what will I do about wordpress? simply copy it will work?(I dont thnk so), if not how can I move it? I need guideline. and I am asking the question with a hope that many others will also learn the things just as i am learning,, thanks to all, and I dont understand the right location to ask the question..sorry if i made somthing wrong...or I have asked it at some wrong place

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• Manage Upload Permissions, SFTP & Linux

  - by John R

  I'm new to Linux. I am working with a Redhat 5.5 server and am using a Java-based SFTP script that will allow multiple users to upload text files to a server. I am undecided if each user will have a separate directory or if I will use a naming convention that includes their customer ID. The files include some personal information about their LAN settings, so I prefer to use SFTP as apposed to FTP. It is my understanding that SFTP is encrypted (Also, I have a Java class configured to upload via SFTP, so I prefer not to switch protocols unless their is a very-good reason). The prototype is for a system that will support large numbers of customers and the thought of continually adding and removing clients through the command line seems highly impractical. (Again, I am new_to/learning Linux and Redhat). What are normal conventions for giving multiple users permission to SFTP upload files with a unique username and password for each.

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• standart packages list

  - by Valintinr

  Im learning puppet system and now need to do next task. So we have few servers with same OS (Altlinux p6,t6) - puppet-agents and have puppet-master. On agents installed some packages, eg. 200 packages on first, 300 on second .... But necessary only 180 installed. We know names of necessary packages but dont know names of other (unnecessary packages) So task: Have i can check or install (if not installed yet) necessary packages and delete other packages (we dont know names of other installed packages) Help please WBR Valentin

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• Suggest methods for testing changes to "pam.d/common-*" files

  - by Jamie

  How do I test the changes to the pam.d configuration files: Do I need to restart the PAM service to test the changes? Should I go through every service listed in the /etc/pam.d/ directory? I'm about to make changes to the pam.d/common-* files in an effort to put an Ubuntu box into an active directory controlled network. I'm just learning what to do, so I'm preparing the configuration in a VM, which I plan to deploy in metal in the coming week. It is a clean install of Ubuntu 10.04 Beta 2 server, so other than SSH daemon, all other services are stock.

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• git init --bare permission denied on 16gb USB stick

  - by Sour Lemon

  I am using GIT on a Windows 7 machine (64 bit) and have been learning how to use GIT to version control my files. Now I want to be able to create a --bare repository on an external device (in this case a 16gb USB stick) but unfortunately when I try to create a --bare repository on it I get the following error: f:/: Permission denied I am using the GIT Bash program which is installed with GIT on Windows machines, so these are the commands I am typing in (I am also opening the program as administrator by holding ctrl + shift when I open it) cd /f git init --bare f:/: Permission denied However if I create a normal repository it works just fine: cd /f git init Initialized empty repository in f:/.git/ Can anybody shed some light on why I can't create a --bare repository? Any help would be much appreciated.

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• gVIM "put" driving me mad, how do I "put" at the beginning of a line

  - by crgnz

  I'm learning gVIM on Windows, and as I slowly learn more of the keystrokes I find myself using the mouse less and less, which is great. I have a couple of questions I've yet to figure out: I do a lot of copy and paste. So I use 'v' to enter VISUAL mode, use k/j to move up/down and select the lines, then hit 'y' to yank. I then go to the line where I want to insert, and hit 'p' to put, BUT the darn thing pastes after the 1st character. I can't move any further left, so I am definitely at the start of the line, so I find the 'p'ut behaviour of pasting 1 char after my cursor position to be supremely annoying. I switch between edit and command mode an awful lot, and my poor little finger on my left hand is getting sore from being stretched out to hit the 'Esc' key (to enter command mode) every few seconds. Is there a more finger-friendly way to enter command mode?

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