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• How to deny access to disabled AD accounts via kerberos in pam_krb5?

  - by Phil

  I have a working AD/Linux/LDAP/KRB5 directory and authentication setup, with one small problem. When an account is disabled, SSH publickey authentication still allows user login. It's clear that kerberos clients can identify a disabled account, as kinit and kpasswd return "Clients credentials have been revoked" with no further password / interaction. Can PAM be configured (with "UsePAM yes" in sshd_config) to disallow logins for disabled accounts, where authentication is done by publickey? This doesn't seem to work: account [default=bad success=ok user_unknown=ignore] pam_krb5.so Please don't introduce winbind in your answer - we don't use it.

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• Which OS should I chose for my VPS?

  - by Camran

  I am about to order a virtual private server now, and have no experience in any Linux OS whatsoever. I am a fast learner however... My VPS provider provides these OS: Ubuntu 8.04 LTS Ubuntu 8.04 LTS 64-bit Ubuntu 9.10 Ubuntu 9.10 64-bit Debian 5.0 Gentoo Gentoo 64-bit Ubuntu 8.04 LTS + Ruby on rails I don't know what these are, however I have heard about Ubuntu alot, and know there is alot of information about it on the Internet. Will it make any difference which one I chose? I plan on running a classifieds website, which uses PHP, MySql, Java (for Solr) and the usual standard stuff (HTML, javascript...). Which should I chose? And what is the next step after chosing one? Thanks

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• How to get the summarized sizes of folders and their subfolders?

  - by Kau-Boy

  Let's say I want to get the size of each folder of a linux file system. When I use ls -la I don't really get the summarized size of the folders. If I use df I get the size of each mounted file system but that also doesn't help me. And with du I get the size of each subfolder and the summary of the whole file system. But I want to have only the summarized size of each folder within the ROOT folder of the file system. Is there any command to achiev that?

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• How to locally resume a session that has been started remotely using xrdp?

  - by Jaroslav Záruba

  Can I connect to a RD session that has been started (and abandoned) from a remote machine using xrdp? Also I'd like to be able to do the exact opposite: to remotely login to a session that has been initiated locally. I'm trying to get as close as possible to how Windows RS behaves. (Which also includes that the session would use my terminal machine/monitor resolution. I wasn't able to achieve that using VNC.) Suggestions to a better alternative to xrdp are welcome please. I don't know Linux too much.

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• Xen 4.1 host (dom0) with blktap disks ("tap:aio:") not connecting

  - by Manwe

  Problem using blktap with xen-4.1 running Ubuntu Precise stock kernel with dom0 xen-4.1. I get: [ 5.580106] XENBUS: Waiting for devices to initialise: 295s...290s. ... [ 300.580288] XENBUS: Timeout connecting to device: device/vbd/51713 (local state 3, remote state 1) And some syslog lines: May 17 13:07:30 localhost logger: /etc/xen/scripts/blktap: add XENBUS_PATH=backend/tap/10/51713 May 17 13:07:31 localhost logger: /etc/xen/scripts/blktap: Writing backend/tap/10/51713/hotplug-status connected to xenstore. with tap:aio: disk lines. file:/ works. disk = [ 'tap:aio:/data/root.img,xvda1,w', ] Problem exists with lucid and precises domU kernels and both guests work in Ubuntu hardy dom0 Host 64bit 2.6.24-28-xen xen-3.3 3.2.0-24-generic #37-Ubuntu SMP Wed Apr 25 08:43:22 UTC 2012 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux Distributor ID: Ubuntu Description: Ubuntu 12.04 LTS Release: 12.04 Codename: precise

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• Virtual Hosting in RHEL5

  - by Kumar P

  We having RHEL5 linux server with few windows xp clients. We providing web development in php. Now my developers as for common local php server for keep their projects in same place. Currently proxy server and samba sharing are running in RHEL5 server. I installed httpd,php,MySQL in server. And i would like to configure virtual hosting too for LAN. What i want do for it ? In server we have 2 Ethernet ports, 1 for local connection and another one for Internet. Internet provided by ADSL provider. (192.168.0.0 series for ADSL modem connection and 10.1.1.0 for LAN connection. If i want to use virtual hosting , am i want to setup local DNS server ? My requirements are, setup php with mySQL server for Local clients with multiple hosting , without disturbing proxy and samba. Help me to solve it.

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• How useful is mounting /tmp noexec?

  - by Novelocrat

  Many people (including the Securing Debian Manual) recommend mounting /tmp with the noexec,nodev,nosuid set of options. This is generally presented as one element of a 'defense-in-depth' strategy, by preventing the escalation of an attack that lets someone write a file, or an attack by a user with a legitimate account but no other writable space. Over time, however, I've encountered arguments (most prominently by Debian/Ubuntu Developer Colin Watson) that noexec is a useless measure, for a couple potential reasons: The user can run /lib/ld-linux.so <binary> in an attempt to get the same effect. The user can still run system-provided interpreters on scripts that can't be run directly Given these arguments, the potential need for more configuration (e.g. debconf likes an executable temporary directory), and the potential loss of convenience, is this a worthwhile security measure? What other holes do you know of that enable circumvention?

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• KDE doesn't start up anything else

  - by Shane

  I just installed KDE under Arch Linux. Problem is, nothing is starting up right with it - no window manager, no panels, nothing. All I get is a small terminal window in the bottom right corner of the screen, which I'm assuming is konsole. From that single window I can do things like start kwin or launch programs whose names I happen to know (like chromium or firefox), but I don't have a panel for starting programs or switching between programs. It doesn't matter whether I start kdm through inittab or manually by typing # /etc/rc.d/kdm start. KDM looks great, but once I log in as my normal user I just get a console window with no decoration. Is there a startup script for KDE somewhere that needs to run, and usually has a bunch of programs by default - like a window manager, panels, widgets, and all the normal background programs that run in an ordinary GUI? If so, how can I "restore" the default behavior?

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• Opening firewall to incoming port 443

  - by jrdioko

  I recently set up the ufw firewall on a Linux machine so that outgoing connections are allowed, incoming connections are denied, and denied connections are logged. This seems to work fine for most cases, but I see many denied connections that are incoming on port 443 (many with IPs associated with Facebook). I can open that port to incoming connections, but first wanted to ask what these could be. Shouldn't HTTPS requests be initiated by me and be treated as outbound, not inbound connections? Is it typical to open incoming port 443 on consumer firewalls?

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• How to call a program and exit from the shell (the caller) when program is active?

  - by Jack

  I want to run a program with GUI, by typing into konsole: foo args … and exit from the shell (that's the caller) when the program (foo) is active. How do I this? Is there a Linux/Unix built-in command/program to do it? I'm not a shell-man, really. I know that it's possible by writing a small program in C or C++ (any other programming language with small I/O interface on POSIX) programming language with the fork() and one-of exec*() function family. It may take some time; I'll do it only if there is no native solution. Sorry for my bad English; it's not my native language. Also, not sure on tags, please edit for me, if I'm wrong. If it matters, I'm using OpenSUSE 10.x.

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• Why is MySQL making the CPU run at about 80%?

  - by Robert

  MySQL is eating up about 80% of my CPU for no reason as far as I can see. Right now this server is rarely used, more of a test site I set up that will eventually be a used for production once I fix small problems like this. I run 3 instances of MySQL but it seems that my first instance is taking up all the CPU. When I turn off the first instance and leave the other two on everything runs fine. Any suggestions? I tried Show Processlist and no statements are being run besides "Sleep" and the query "Show Processlist" (obviously) at the time it's using up all this CPU. my.cnf is basic. I did not optimize or change any MySQL settings. Do you think this would cause such strange behavior? The machine is running Linux Centos 5.7 64 bit and MySQL 5.0.95. Thanks

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• When HDD becomes full, how to create a symbolic link to the data store on another disk?

  - by Brij Raj Singh

  I have a Linux Ubuntu machine which has an X GB hard disk. There is folder, say, /opt/software/data. The disk /dev/sda1 is almost full and I have attached another disk at /dev/sda2 which is mounted at /hdd2. Is it possible for me to link the folders /opt/software/data with /hdd2/software/data so, that every file get stored in the /hdd2/software/data but may be referred from the /opt/software/data? I can't do a reinstall of the software that creates this data, to change the default location of storage.

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• Meaning of Bridge-Check in iptables flowchart

  - by networkIT

  In the famous iptables flow-chart what does bridge-check exactly stands for ? I couldn't find any documentation. The only clue I found was while scanning the MikroTik RouterOS documentation ( RouterOS is build upon a Linux 2.6.16 kernel ), I found this : In-interface Bridge = Checks if the input interface is a port for a bridge or is the bridge. Manual:Packet Flow Comparing both flow-charts brings clues that iptables Bridge-check might equal MikroTik In-Interface Bridge. Is this true ? Else, what might be the meaning of iptables Bridge-Check ?

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• Creating a file server - How can I use a large VHD file in Hyper-V? (700GB)

  - by barfoon

  Hey everyone, After a few discussions (here, here, and here), I am still unable to create a simple VM that will be used as a fileserver hosted on my Hyper-V box. I have created a fixed 700GB SCSI drive (.vhd file), as I have learned an IDE drive of this size is not possible. Not to sound too cynical, but its blown me away at how much trouble its been to create a large amount of space and start using it. What is the best way to create a fileserver with a drive of this size hosted on Hyper-V Server 2008, and how can I get it going??? Inclusion of OS, driver, integration tools etc, anything you feel is required would be greatly appreciated. Extra information I am using the stand-alone version of Hyper-V server, and not Windows Server 2008. I have tried loading the Linux Integration Tools (linked in the comments of the last link above) onto a SUSE 11 VM and the installation fails, the machine cannot see the vhd at all. Thanks very much,

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• SSO solution and centralized user mgmt for about 10-30 Ubuntu machines?

  - by nbr

  Hello, I'm looking for a clean way to centralize user management. The setup: About 10-30 linux machines (Ubuntu 10.04 LTS server) Maybe 10-30 users for now. The requirements (hopes and expectations): A single place for the administrator to manage user accounts, passwords and the list of machines each user has access to. (And probably groups.) Doesn't have to be fancy. Single sign-on for SSH: the user should be able to login from machine A to machine B without re-entering his/her password. A Quick Google searches give me pointers to OpenLDAP and Kerberos, but I'm not sure where to start and what problem will each solution actually solve. Which way to go? I'd love to find a clear that focuses on this subject. (Or: am I asking "a wrong question"?)

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• "Fuzzy" Display Problems on New OpenSUSE 11.3 Install

  - by Kryten

  Hi, I have a old Desktop that has a new installation of OpenSUSE 11.3 on it. To get straight to the point, whenever I try to start-up OpenSUSE, my display goes "fuzzy" (almost like a badly tuned TV) and sometimes (not always) my monitor goes black and says "Out of Range: 15.6kHz/49Hz": I assumed that this was a driver problem, so I download the drivers from nvidia and ran the shell script, completed and rebooted. Then OpenSUSE failed to boot with something like "nscd failed to start". At that point I decided to re-install and I did, but this time I tried un-checking "Automatic Configuration" to see if that helped. Got through the install and still have a problem. Unfortunately, my Linux troubleshooting skills are non-existent, so has anyone got any ideas on what could be the problem (is it the display driver?) and how I can fix the problem?

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• Squid proxy server not forwarding traffic

  - by DilbertDave

  I'm trying to set up a web filtering system (dans guardian) on my home network but am failing at the first hurdle - configuring the Squid Proxy server. No matter what I do I cannot seem to configure it properly and I just receive the 'Requested URL could not be received' error page. If I remove the proxy setting on the browser everything works normally. Ultimately I want to run this on something like a Raspberry Pi but at the moment I'm testing with a virtual machine (although efforts with a netbook were equally unsuccessful). The VM has a clean installation of Linux Mint 15 and I've installed squid via apt-get. I've followed numerous walkthroughs but this on (https://help.ubuntu.com/lts/serverguide/squid.html) pretty much sums up the process I've been taking. I'm obviously missing something but cannot figure it out - any assistance appreciated.

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• Weird RAM Upgrade Experience

  - by Axel Isouard

  I have a laptop, HP EliteBook 8540p having originally 4GB RAM and I've recently bought Corsair Value Select SO-DIMM 16 Go (2x 8 Go) DDR3 1333 MHz. It fits the required RAM specifications perfectly, and once I've inserted them, the BIOS recognizes the memory correctly, but my linux Gentoo running on kernel 3.1.6 SMP x86_64 crashes immediately when I'm running an app which consumes a lot of memory. The laptop crashes as if there's no more battery left, when the memory reaches at least 6000MB ram. Windows 7 doesn't want to run anymore, it shows a blue screen with the IRQ LESS OR EQUAL error if I set 8GB, and it doesn't boot at all if I set 16GB. Is there something I could do to fix this please ?

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• "Cannot allocate memory" while no process seems to be using up memory

  - by omat

  I am not competent on server issues, any help is much appreciated. When try to start a python/django shell on a linux box, I am getting OSError: [Errno 12] Cannot allocate memory. free -m seems to confirm I am out of memory: total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 590 560 29 0 3 37 -/+ buffers/cache: 518 71 Swap: 0 0 0 But I cannot see what is eating up the memory with top or ps aux: PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 1 root 20 0 24336 908 0 S 0.0 0.2 0:00.68 init 2 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kthreadd 3 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:04.85 ksoftirqd/0 How can I identify the leak? Thanks. BTW, I am not sure if it is relevant, but the machine I am talking about is an AWS EC2 instance with Ubuntu 12 running.

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• Separate brightness/power-saving settings for multiple monitors

  - by MariusMatutiae

  At home, I connect my laptop to an external monitor. Under Linux X server, it works perfectly. Occasionally I watch a movie on the external monitor. When I do, I would like to fold the laptop shut, and just relax. This however triggers my settings for dimming the screen after 10 minutes of inactivity, which in turn extends to the external monitor. I know I could solve the problem by setting dimming to "Never", but this is a waste, causes the laptop to overheat, and is bad for the normal laptop use. How can I set the power saving/brightness specs for the external monitor, independently of the onboard one? I run Debian or Arch, under KDE.

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• Disable passwd history feature with remember=0

  - by user1915177

  PAM version - pam-0.79 Is setting 0 allowed on "remember" option in /etc/pam.d/common-passwd file of pam.d module to disable passwd history feature? With "remember=0" in /etc/pam.d/common-passwd file, I am observing a memfault when running the passwd command as a USER. When browsed the source, the function in _set_ctrl in support.c file of pam_unix module handles wrong values of remember, but currently its not robust enough to handle 0, which is a wrong value. So the valid and only option to disable history feature, is to not include the "remember" option in /etc/pam.d/common-passwd file and not to set-up /etc/security/opasswd file? Could see in the following link mention of setting "remember" to 0 has no effect to remember value in "/etc/security/opasswd" file. =https://lists.fedorahosted.org/pipermail/linux-pam-commits/2011-June/000060.html

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• How can I fix an inconsistent NTFS file system without Windows?

  - by Demetri

  I have a Dell laptop that came with Windows from the factory. Since then, I have installed Linux and replaced the hard drive with an SSD. The NTFS partition is inconsistent (a result of bad sectors on the HDD) and needs to be fixed, but I cannot boot into Windows to run chkdsk. How do I fix this problem? Until I do, I cannot move my NTFS partition to expand space on my root filesystem, which is critically low. EDIT: All of my partitions were cloned from my dying HDD to my SSD via Clonezilla. There are no bad sectors on the SSD, but the NTFS partition is still in an inconsistent state.

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• How do I associate server traffic to a domain hosted on that server?

  - by morley

  I have three or four Linux servers, each of which hosts anywhere from 5 to 50 domains. Each domain has its own folder: /www/projectname/web/ Logs go in: /www/projectname/log However, if there's a traffic spike (or, as I see it on my end, a memory usage spike), I'm not sure how to figure out which domain is responsible for the traffic without running tail -f on each of the projects and making an educated guess based on how fast things scroll. There's got to be a better way! There probably is, but I haven't seen it. And the last time I checked, bandwidth monitors only report system-wide load. So if anyone knows how to do this the right way, please let me know. Thanks!

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• Server responses "bus error" to every command

  - by Temnovit

  I have a linux machine dedicated to MySQL server with a pretty high load. Today I woke up and was terrified to see, that database server is down. I could connect to it via SSH, but it was responding with bus error to each and every command. [root@r1304 home]# ls Bus error [root@r1304 home]# tail /var/log/messages Bus error [root@r1304 home]# reboot Bus error [root@r1304 home]# free -m Bus error [root@r1304 home]# chkdisk Bus error I went to Data Center and did a hard reset, which seemed to help, but after a half an hour situation reapeated and now I can't even connet via SSH anymore. Any ideas what this could be? how to diagnose such a problem and what are possible fixes? Server has 32 GB RAM, 2xSSD drives with software RAID UPDATE According to Zabbix, when MySQL died, number of processes stated to increase drammaticaly, until I did a hard reset. What could those be? Number of processes

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• how to remotely open an URL in Firefox in a specific profile?

  - by miernik

  I have several instances of Firefox with several different profiles running. Among them profiles with the names "software" and "test". I am trying to open an URL from a bash script to have it open in profile "test", like this: firefox -P "test" http://www.example.org/ However that opens it in profile "software" anyway. Any ideas? Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux x86_64; en-US; rv:1.9.1.8) Gecko/20100308 Iceweasel/3.5.8 (like Firefox/3.5.8) No, it is not a permissions problem, all my profile directories are perfectly under my permissions: root@przehyba:~/.mozilla# ls -ld firefox/ drwx------ 13 miernik miernik 4096 Mar 11 09:15 firefox/ root@przehyba:~/.mozilla# ls -ld firefox/* drwxr-xr-x 9 miernik miernik 4096 Mar 12 11:29 firefox/info -rw-r--r-- 1 miernik miernik 560 Mar 11 09:15 firefox/profiles.ini drwxr-xr-x 10 miernik miernik 4096 Mar 16 11:51 firefox/software drwxr-xr-x 9 miernik miernik 4096 Mar 11 09:14 firefox/tech drwxr-xr-x 11 miernik miernik 4096 Mar 15 22:48 firefox/test root@przehyba:~/.mozilla#

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