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  • Extension Methods and Application Code

    - by Mystagogue
    I have seen plenty of online guidelines for authoring extension methods, usually along these lines: 1) Avoid authoring extension methods when practical - prefer other approaches first (e.g. regular static methods). 2) Don't author extension methods to extend code you own or currently develop. Instead, author them to extend 3rd party or BCL code. But I have the impression that a couple more guidelines are either implied or advisable. What does the community think of these two additional guidelines: A) Prefer to author extension methods to contain generic functionality rather than application-specific logic. (This seems to follow from guideline #2 above) B) An extension method should be sizeable enough to justify itself (preferably at least 5 lines of code in length). Item (B) is intended to discourage a develoer from writing dozens of extension methods (totalling X lines of code) to refactor or replace what originally was already about X lines of inline code. Perhaps item (B) is badly qualified, or even misinformed about how a one line extension method is actually powerful and justified. I'm curious to know. But if item (B) is somehow dismissed by the community, I must admist I'm still particularly interested in feedback on guideline (A).

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  • Extension methods for encapsulation and reusability

    - by tzaman
    In C++ programming, it's generally considered good practice to "prefer non-member non-friend functions" instead of instance methods. This has been recommended by Scott Meyers in this classic Dr. Dobbs article, and repeated by Herb Sutter and Andrei Alexandrescu in C++ Coding Standards (item 44); the general argument being that if a function can do its job solely by relying on the public interface exposed by the class, it actually increases encapsulation to have it be external. While this confuses the "packaging" of the class to some extent, the benefits are generally considered worth it. Now, ever since I've started programming in C#, I've had a feeling that here is the ultimate expression of the concept that they're trying to achieve with "non-member, non-friend functions that are part of a class interface". C# adds two crucial components to the mix - the first being interfaces, and the second extension methods: Interfaces allow a class to formally specify their public contract, the methods and properties that they're exposing to the world. Any other class can choose to implement the same interface and fulfill that same contract. Extension methods can be defined on an interface, providing any functionality that can be implemented via the interface to all implementers automatically. And best of all, because of the "instance syntax" sugar and IDE support, they can be called the same way as any other instance method, eliminating the cognitive overhead! So you get the encapsulation benefits of "non-member, non-friend" functions with the convenience of members. Seems like the best of both worlds to me; the .NET library itself providing a shining example in LINQ. However, everywhere I look I see people warning against extension method overuse; even the MSDN page itself states: In general, we recommend that you implement extension methods sparingly and only when you have to. So what's the verdict? Are extension methods the acme of encapsulation and code reuse, or am I just deluding myself?

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  • How to prevent duplicate data access methods that retrieve similar data?

    - by Ronald Wildenberg
    In almost every project I work on with a team, the same problem seems to creep in. Someone writes UI code that needs data and writes a data access method: AssetDto GetAssetById(int assetId) A week later someone else is working on another part of the application and also needs an AssetDto but now including 'approvers' and writes the following: AssetDto GetAssetWithApproversById(int assetId) A month later someone needs an asset but now including the 'questions' (or the 'owners' or the 'running requests', etc): AssetDto GetAssetWithQuestionsById(int assetId) AssetDto GetAssetWithOwnersById(int assetId) AssetDto GetAssetWithRunningRequestsById(int assetId) And it gets even worse when methods like GetAssetWithOwnerAndQuestionsById start to appear. You see the pattern that emerges: an object is attached to a large object graph and you need different parts of this graph in different locations. Of course, I'd like to prevent having a large number of methods that do almost the same. Is it simply a matter of team discipline or is there some pattern I can use to prevent this? In some cases it might make sense to have separate methods, i.e. getting an asset with running requests may be expensive so I do not want to include these all the time. How to handle such cases?

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  • XCode project complains about missing files if a linked framework contains private headers

    - by darklight
    My Problem is this: My framework contains public and private headers - the public headers import private headers in the framework My app that links against this framework imports public headers Now when I compile it, XCode complains about missing files (the private headers that are indirectly imported via the frameworks public headers). I read somewhere on stackoverflow that I should do this: "In the public header file use @class to include other interfaces and use #import in the implementation file (.m)." I find this solution pretty unsatisfying - you have to use it for circular dependencies, too. Is there any better way to keep my headers private?

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  • Copy constructor using private attributes

    - by Pedro Magueija
    Hello all, My first question here so be gentle. I would like arguments for the following code: public class Example { private String name; private int age; ... // copy constructor here public Example(Example e) { this.name = e.name; // accessing a private attribute of an instance this.age = e.age; } ... } I believe this breaks the modularity of the instance passed to the copy construct. This is what I believe to be correct: public class Example { private String name; private int age; ... // copy constructor here public Example(Example e) { this.setName(e.getName()); this.setAge(e.getAge()); } ... } A friend has exposed a valid point of view, saying that in the copy construct we should create the object as fast as possible. And adding getter/setter methods would result in unnecessary overhead. I stand on a crossroad. Can you shed some light?

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  • Ruby module_function, invoking module's private method, invoked in class method style on module shows error

    - by Jignesh
    test_module.rb module MyModule def module_func_a puts "module_func_a invoked" private_b end module_function :module_func_a private def private_b puts "private_b invoked" end end class MyClass include MyModule def test_module module_func_a end end Invoking module function from class c = MyClass.new c.test_module Output 1: $ ruby test_module.rb module_func_a invoked private_b invoked Invoking module function on module in class method style ma = MyModule.module_func_a Output 2: module_func_a invoked test_module.rb:5:in `module_func_a': undefined local variable or method `private_b' for MyModule:Module (NameError) from test_module.rb:31 As can be seen from the Output 1 and Output 2 when including the module in a class, no issue occurs when a module's private method gets invoked from a module function while in case when directly invoking the module function on the module in class method style the module's private method, invoked from module function, is not found. Can anybody make me understand the reason behind above behavior and whether invoking module function (which in turn invokes module's private method) on module in class method style is possible or not? If possible, then what rectifications are required in my code to do the same? Thanks, Jignesh

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  • initializing properties with private sets in .Net

    - by Martin Neal
    public class Foo { public string Name { get; private set;} // <-- Because set is private, } void Main() { var bar = new Foo {Name = "baz"}; // <-- This doesn't compile /*The property or indexer 'UserQuery.Foo.Name' cannot be used in this context because the set accessor is inaccessible*/ using (DataContext dc = new DataContext(Connection)) { // yet the following line works. **How**? IEnumerable<Foo> qux = dc.ExecuteQuery<Foo>( "SELECT Name FROM Customer"); } foreach (q in qux) Console.WriteLine(q); } I have just been using the private modifier because it works and kept me from being stupid with my code, but now that I need to create a new Foo, I've just removed the private modifier from my property. I'm just really curious, why does the ExecuteQuery into an IEnumerable of Foo's work?

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  • Calling private event handler from outside class

    - by Azodious
    i've two classes. One class (say A) takes a textbox in c'tor. and registers TextChanged event with private event-handler method. 2nd class (say B) creates the object of class A by providing a textbox. how to invoke the private event handler of class A from class B? it also registers the MouseClick event. is there any way to invoke private eventhandlers?

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  • class modifier issues in C# with "private" classes

    - by devoured elysium
    I had a class that had lots of methods: public class MyClass { public bool checkConditions() { return checkCondition1() && checkCondition2() && checkCondition3(); } ...conditions methods public void DoProcess() { FirstPartOfProcess(); SecondPartOfProcess(); ThirdPartOfProcess(); } ...process methods } I identified two "vital" work areas, and decided to extract those methods to classes of its own: public class MyClass { private readonly MyClassConditions _conditions = new ...; private readonly MyClassProcessExecution = new ...; public bool checkConditions() { return _conditions.checkConditions(); } public void DoProcess() { _process.DoProcess(); } } In Java, I'd define MyClassConditions and MyClassProcessExecution as package protected, but I can't do that in C#. How would you go about doing this in C#? Setting both classes as inner classes of MyClass? I have 2 options: I either define them inside MyClass, having everything in the same file, which looks confusing and ugly, or I can define MyClass as a partial class, having one file for MyClass, other for MyClassConditions and other for MyClassProcessExecution. Defining them as internal? I don't really like that much of the internal modifier, as I don't find these classes add any value at all for the rest of my program/assembly, and I'd like to hide them if possible. It's not like they're gonna be useful/reusable in any other part of the program. Keep them as public? I can't see why, but I've let this option here. Any other? Name it! Thanks

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  • Use python decorators on class methods and subclass methods

    - by AlexH
    Goal: Make it possible to decorate class methods. When a class method gets decorated, it gets stored in a dictionary so that other class methods can reference it by a string name. Motivation: I want to implement the equivalent of ASP.Net's WebMethods. I am building this on top of google app engine, but that does not affect the point of difficulty that I am having. How it Would look if it worked: class UsefulClass(WebmethodBaseClass): def someMethod(self, blah): print(blah) @webmethod def webby(self, blah): print(blah) # the implementation of this class could be completely different, it does not matter # the only important thing is having access to the web methods defined in sub classes class WebmethodBaseClass(): def post(self, methodName): webmethods[methodName]("kapow") ... a = UsefulClass() a.post("someMethod") # should error a.post("webby") # prints "kapow" There could be other ways to go about this. I am very open to suggestions

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  • Information on Rojiani's Numerical methods C textbook

    - by yCalleecharan
    Hi, having taken a look at a few textbooks that discuss numerical methods and C programming, I was gladly surprised when browsing through "programming in C with numerical methods for engineers" by Rojiani. I understand of course it's important that one need to have a solid background in numerical methods prior to try implementing them on a computer. I would like to know if someone here has been using this book and if possible point out strengths and weaknesses of this textbook. Thanks a lot...

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  • code style for private methods in c#

    - by illdev
    I just found out, that it seems a common pattern to user UpperFirstLetterPascalCase() for private methods. I for myself, find this completely inconsistent with naming rules of private instance fields and variables and I find it difficult to read/debug, too. I would want to ask, why using a first upper letter for methods could be a better choice than a first lower (doThis())? Just out of curiosity...

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  • object / class methods serialized as well?

    - by Mat90
    I know that data members are saved to disk but I was wondering whether object's/class' methods are saved in binary format as well? Because I found some contradictionary info, for example: Ivor Horton: "Class objects contain function members as well as data members, and all the members, both data and functions, have access specifiers; therefore, to record objects in an external file, the information written to the file must contain complete specifications of all the class structures involved." and: Are methods also serialized along with the data members in .NET? Thus: are method's assembly instructions (opcodes and operands) stored to disk as well? Just like a precompiled LIB or DLL? During the DOS ages I used assembly so now and then. As far as I remember from Delphi and the following site (answer by dan04): Are methods also serialized along with the data members in .NET? sizeof(<OBJECT or CLASS>) will give the size of all data members together (no methods/procedures). Also a nice C example is given there with data and members declared in one class/struct but at runtime these methods are separate procedures acting on a struct of data. However, I think that later class/object implementations like Pascal's VMT may be different in memory.

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  • Structure for Django methods that span different models

    - by Duncan
    I have two models (say A and B) which are independent and have independent methods. I want to add some methods that operate on both models though. for example, addX() will create an object from both models A and B. What's the best way to structure code in this situation, since it doesnt make sense to have the method belong to either of the models methods. Is the standard to write a service for the kind of 'abstract' model?

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  • How to generate a private/public key pair to use for a Linux server on Windows Azure?

    - by MainMa
    Following Windows Azure documentation, I generated a pair of private/public keys on an Ubuntu machine using the exact comment as given: openssl req -x509 -nodes -days 365 -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout myPrivateKey.key -out myCert.pem When I open the private key in puttygen, the following error is displayed: Couldn't load private key (unrecognised key type) The private key generated by openssl looks correct: -----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY----- MIIEvQIBADANBgkqhkiG6w0xAQEFAASCBKcwggSjAgEsAoIBAQC6OEZ5ULe6F6u2 Cybhqqfqqh2ao9sd2tpqB+HGIoMMHrmnD3YegRgZJIddTQaWKdwaKrYul21YNt5y ... P0RyfL9kDnX/XmIOM38FOoucGvO+Zozsbmgmvw6AUhE0sPhkZnlaodAU1OnfaWJz KpBxkXulBaCJnC8w29dGKng= -----END PRIVATE KEY----- Note that the comments to Azure documentation (the same link as above) report that the pair should be generated using OpenSSL for Windows instead of openssl on Linux. This doesn't help, since the same error appears for a private key generated by OpenSSL for Windows. What am I doing wrong?

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  • Invoke private method with interface as argument

    - by Stephanie
    Hi, I've been attempting to invoke a private method whose argument is a parameter and I can't quite seem to get it right. Here's kind of how the code looks so far: public class TestClass { public TestClass(){ } private void simpleMethod( Map<String, Integer> testMap) { //code logic } } Then I attempt to use this to invoke the private method: //Hashmap Map <String, Integer> testMap = new HashMap <String, Integer>(); //method I want to invoke Method simpleMethod = TestClass.class.getDeclaredMethod("simpleMethod", Map.class); simpleMethod.setAccessible(true); simpleMethod.invoke(testClassObject, testMap); //Throws an IllegalArgumentException As you can see, it throws an IllegalArgumentException. I've attempted to cast the hashmap back to a map, but that didn't work. What am I doing wrong?

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  • Disallow private constructor invocation in friend function

    - by user2907032
    Is there any way to not allow private construction in friend function, In case we do have private constructor with friend function in our class. Only Static method should be responsible for object creation and other than this compiler should flash error message #include <iostream> #include <memory> using namespace std; class a { public: void see () { cout<<"Motimaa"; } static a& getinstance() { static a instance; return instance; } private: a() {}; friend void access(); }; void access () { a obj; obj.see();//still friend function can access } int main() { a::getinstance().see(); access(); return 1; }

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  • Test-driven Development: Writing tests for private / protected variables

    - by Chetan
    I'm learning TDD, and I have a question about private / protected variables. My question is: If a function I want to test is operating on a private variable, how should I test it? Here is the example I'm working with: I have a class called Table that contains an instance variable called internalRepresentation that is a 2D array. I want to create a function called multiplyValuesByN that multiplies all the values in the 2D array by the argument n. So I write the test for it (in Python): def test_multiplyValuesByN (self): t = Table(3, 3) # 3x3 table, filled with 0's t.set(0, 0, 4) # Set value at position (0,0) to 4 t.multiplyValuesByN(3) assertEqual(t.internalRepresentation, [[12, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0]]) Now, if I make internalRepresentation private or protected, this test will not work. How am I supposed to write the test so it doesn't depend on internalRepresentation but still tests that it looks correct after calling multiplyValuesByN?

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  • C++ private pointer "leaking"?

    - by jbu
    I'm going to create a class to hold a long list of parameters that will be passed to a function. Let's use this shorter example: class ParamList{ public: ParamList(string& a_string); string& getString(); //returns my_string private: string& my_string; } My question is this: my_string is private, yet I'm returning the reference to it. Isn't that called something like private pointer leaking in C++? Is this not good programming practice? I want callers of getString to be able to get the reference and also modify it. Please let me know. Thanks, jbu edit1: callers will use getString() and modify the string that was returned.

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  • Closest Ruby representation of a 'private static final' and 'public static final' class variable in

    - by Hosh
    Given the Java code below, what's the closest you could represent these two static final variables in a Ruby class? And, is it possible in Ruby to distinguish between private static and public static variables as there is in Java? public class DeviceController { ... private static final Device myPrivateDevice = Device.getDevice("mydevice"); public static final Device myPublicDevice = Device.getDevice("mydevice"); ... public static void main(String args[]) { ... } }

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  • Connecting private IPs

    - by Greg Roberts
    A friend of mine told me there was a way to connect two private IPs without using a proxy server. The idea was that both computers connected to a public server and some how the server joined the private connections and won't use any more bandwidth. Is this true? How's this technique named? Thanks

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  • Error code while trying to use private variables in a function

    - by Cortopasta
    I get an error that says Parse error: syntax error, unexpected T_PRIVATE in E:\PortableApps\xampp\htdocs\SN\AC\ACclass.php on line 6 while trying to run my script. I'm new to classes in PHP and was wondering if someone could point out my error. Here's the code for that part. <?php class ac { public function authentication() { private $plain_username = $_POST['username']; private $md5_password = md5($_POST['password']); $ac = new ac();

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