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• Recommended book on Actors concurrency model (patterns, pitfalls, etc.)?

  - by Larry OBrien

  The Actors concurrency model is clearly gaining favor. Is there a good book that presents the patterns and pitfalls of the model? I am thinking about something that would discuss, for instance, the problems of consistency and correctness in the context of hundreds or thousands of independent Actors. It would be okay if it were associated with a specific language (erlang, I would imagine, since that seems universally regarded as the proven implementation of Actors), but I am hoping for something more than an introductory chapter or two. (FWIW, I'm actually most interested in Actors as they are implemented in Scala.)

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• Book (or resource) on Java bytecode

  - by Andrea

  I am looking for some resources on the JVM bytecode. Ideally I would for a short book; something more than a blog post but not a 800 pages tome. If it is relevant, I am a Scala developer, not a Java one, although I know Java just fine. I would like something that allowed me to read JVM bytecode and answer questions such as: Why does the bytecode has to know about high level construct such as classes? Are subtyping relations still visible in bytecode? How does type erasure work exactly? How do Oracle and Dalvik bytecode differ, and what consequences does this have for, say, developing Android apps with Scala? How does the JVM manage the stack, and why exactly this creates issues with tail call elimination? and so on.

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• Interview Questions in OOP

  - by Fero

  Hi all, I faced the below interview questions in OOP under PHP language. Kindly clear my clarifications regarding this. I am very confused. As i am a beginner to OOP i got too confused. Could anyone clarify these things clearly? Difference between Abstract class and interface. Interviewer : Let us consider abstract class contains three abstract methods such as a,b,c and interface contains three methods a,b,c. In this case these do the same functionality. Then why are going for abstract and why are we going for interface. Me : ? static keyword. Interviewer: We call static method without creating object by using scope resolution operator in PHP. As well as we can able to call concrete methods also. Then what is need of static keyword there? Me : .... final keyword. Interviewer: Give me any scenario of using final keyword. Me : For db connection related method Interviewer: Other than that? Me: ... Constructor. Interviewer: What is the use of constructor? Me : There is no need for object to access this. It will call automatically when the class calls. Interviewer: Other than that? Me : .... Thanks in advance...

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• Javascript - is this a grey area for anyone else?

  - by Anonymous -

  I have a firm understanding of HTML, CSS, PHP, MySQL (and to some extent apache/linux) and find that one of the things missing from my 'web development knowledge base' is javascript - creating richer user interfaces. I'd like to learn Javascript before I look at any frameworks (I've used light javascript/jquery before, but that's besides the point). Can anyone recommend a firm book or online documentation from 'absolute beginner' to 'expert' for javascript? I seem to be finding too many 'display the time' and 'hello world' tutorials...

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• Converting a bounded knapsack problem to 0/1 knapsack problem

  - by Ants

  I ran across a problem where goal was to use dynamic programming (instead of other approaches). There is a distance to be spanned, and a set of cables of different lengths. What is the minimum number of cables needed to span the distance exactly? To me this looked like a knapsack problem, but since there could be multiples of a particular length, it was a bounded knapsack problem, rather than a 0/1 knapsack problem. (Treat the value of each item to be its weight.) Taking the naive approach (and not caring about the expansion of the search space), the method I used to convert the bounded knapsack problem into a 0/1 knapsack problem, was simply break up the multiples into singles and apply the well-known dynamic programming algorithm. Unfortunately, this leads to sub-optimal results. For example, given cables: 1 x 10ft, 1 x 7ft, 1 x 6ft, 5 x 3ft, 6 x 2ft, 7 x 1ft If the target span is 13ft, the DP algorithm picks 7+6 to span the distance. A greedy algorithm would have picked 10+3, but it's a tie for minimum number of cables. The problem arises, when trying to span 15ft. The DP algorithm ended up picking 6+3+3+3 to get 4 cables, while the greedy algorithm correctly picks 10+3+2 for only 3 cables. Anyway, doing some light scanning of converting bounded to 0/1, it seems like the well-known approach to convert multiple items to { p, 2p, 4p ... }. My question is how does this conversion work if p+2p+4p does not add up to the number of multiple items. For example: I have 5 3ft cables. I can't very well add { 3, 2x3, 4x3 } because 3+2x3+4x3 5x3. Should I add { 3, 4x3 } instead? [I'm currently trying to grok the "Oregon Trail Knapsack Problem" paper, but it currently looks like the approach used there is not dynamic programming.]

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• Organization standards for large programs

  - by Chronicide

  I'm the only software developer at the company where I work. I was hired straight out of college, and I've been working here for several years. When I started, eveeryone was managing their own data as they saw fit (lots of filing cabinets). Until recently, I've only been tasked with small standalone projects to help with simple workflows. In the beginning of the year I was asked to make a replacement for their HR software. I used SQL Server, Entity Framework, WPF, along with MVVM and Repository/Unit of work patterns. It was a huge hit. I was very happy with how it went, and it was a very solid program. As such, my employer asked me to expand this program into a corporate dashboard that tracks all of their various corporate data domains (People, Salary, Vehicles/Assets, Statistics, etc.) I use integrated authentication, and due to the initial HR build, I can map users to people in positions, so I know who is who when they open the program, and I can show each person a customized dashboard given their work functions. My concern is that I've never worked on such a large project. I'm planning, meeting with end users, developing, documenting, testing and deploying it on my own. I'm part way through the second addition, and I'm seeing that my code is getting disorganized. It's still programmed well, I'm just struggling with the organization of namespaces, classes and the database model. Are there any good guidelines to follow that will help me keep everything straight? As I have it now, I have folders for Data, Repositories/Unit of Work, Views, View Models, XAML Resources and Miscellaneous Utilities. Should I make parent folders for each data domain? Should I make separate EF models per domain instead of the one I have for the entire database? Are there any standards out there for organizing large programs that span multiple data domains? I would appreciate any suggestions.

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• Pros and cons of developing modern services in Java

  - by r3mus

  I'm interested in the philosophical and architectural justification (or lack thereof) in using Java to develop in today's modern world (exclude mobile/embedded platforms of course). Why would one choose to develop (or not develop) a back-end in Java? Why would one choose to develop (or not develop) a front-end UI in Java? Why do large enterprises lean towards developing in Java rather than adopt more modern (and standardized) technologies? *disclaimer: I'm not a fan of Java in the enterprise, I'm simply curious what drives enterprises to continue the trend.

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• Software licensing template that gives room for restricting usage to certain industries/uses of software/source

  - by BSara

  *Why this question is not a duplicate of the questions specified as such: I did not ask if there was a license that restricted specific uses and I did not ask if I could rewrite every line of any open source project. I asked very specifically: "Does there exist X? If not, can I Y with Z?". As far as I can tell, the two questions that were specified as duplicates do not answer my specific question. Please remove the duplicate status placed on the question. I'm developing some software that I would like to be "semi" open source. I would like to allow for anyone to use my software/source unless they are using the software/source for certain purposes. For example, I don't want to allow usage of the software/source if it is being used to create, distribute, view or otherwise support pornography, illegal purposes, etc. I'm no lawyer and couldn't ever hope to write a license myself nor do I have to time to figure how to best do this. My question is this: Does there exist a freely available license or a template for a license that I can use to license my software under they conditions explained above just like one can use the Creative Commons licenses? If not, am I allowed to just alter one of Creative Commons licenses to meet my needs?

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• Simple dependency tree diagram generator

  - by foampile

  I have a need to produce a simple dependency tree diagram. The input data would be in the following simple format: ITEM_NAME DEPENDENCY ---------------------------- ITEM_101 ITEM_75 ITEM_102 ITEM_77 ITEM_102 ITEM_61 ITEM_102 ITEM_11 This means that ITEM_101 depends on ITEM_75 and ITEM_102 depends on items ITEM_77, ITEM_61 and ITEM_11. So the diagram would have items ITEM_77, ITEM_61 and ITEM_11 in one vertical level and ITEM_102 would be below it with a line connecting each of the three dependencies to ITEM_102. The same would be for ITEM_101, ITEM_75 would be somewhere above it and there would be a line connecting it. In the real world this tree represents a hierarchy of scheduling jobs. We have a very extensive workload automation hierarchy in Autosys and I have heard that its front end utility has something like this tree visual representation, however, for some reason, that utility has been disabled by admins. My business users want to see this hierarchy in an easy-to-consume format. I was hoping that I won't have to program something like this from scratch because it seems like quite a common reporting requirement and the input data is simply formatted. My question is: is there a FOSS tool that takes standardized data input and produces such a hierarchical tree? Thanks

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• Create association between informations

  - by Andrea Girardi

  I deployed a project some days ago that allow to extract some medical articles using the results of a questionnaire completed by a user. For instance, if I reply on questionnaire I'm affected by Diabetes type 2 and I'm a smoker, my algorithm extracts all articles related to diabetes bubbling up all articles contains information about Diabetes type 2 and smoking. Basically we created a list of topic and, for every topic we define a kind of "guideline" that allows to extract and order informations for a user. I'm quite sure there are some better way to put on relationship two content but I was not able to find them on network. Could you suggest my a model, algorithm or paper to better understand this kind of problem and that helps me to find a faster, and more accurate way to extract information for an user?

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• Work experience before masters

  - by RJadhav

  I dont know if its the right place to ask such questions: I have a bachelors degree from an Indian university. I want to persue masters in one of the universities in usa, my profile is good enough to get me admitted to the school that I want to get into. I also have an offer letter from one of the top software companies in India (Infosys). I dont know which path to take, I know a masters degree will be of great help in future both in terms of money and career but I do not know whether I want to do it at this moment. I have signed up for both edx and coursera for some of the courses and I really liked learning them online. I am not sure if taking these courses can be a substitute for a masters degree. Also how will i be able to differentiate myself in the real world if I do not have a masters degree, since there are many in india who dont have it. And is it advisable for me to take some work experience say 1-2 years and then apply for a masters degree. Although universities do not explicitly mention work experience as a criteria, will any kind of work experience help me in deciding whether i want to do masters? finally I want to know what are the cons of not doing a masters.

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• What's the problem with Scala's XML literals?

  - by Oak

  In this post, Martin (the language's head honcho) writes: [XML literals] Seemed a great idea at the time, now it sticks out like a sore thumb. I believe with the new string interpolation scheme we will be able to put all of XML processing in the libraries, which should be a big win. Being interested in language design myself, I'm wondering: Why does he write that it was a mistake to incorporate XML literals into the language? What is the controversy regarding this feature?

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• Designing an API on top with Java RMI and Rest APIs

  - by user1303881

  I'm working on the backend of a java web application. We have a document repository (Fedora Commons specifically) where we house xml files. I want to abstract the API of the repository internally so that we aren't tightly coupled to one product. I'd also like to give the flexibility of connecting to to a repository via Java RMI or REST APIs. I was hoping to get advice or resources on how to implement something like this. My thought it that I'd have some abstract repository class that had methods like getRecord, updateRecord, and deleteRecord. In the constructor I would pass the URI for the repository and the API method and port. This would allow some flexibility in the future so that if the REST api became more practical, but allow the flexibility or using RMI which could (should?) have better performance. Am I over thinking this or am I on the right path?

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• MVC - Business Logic

  - by BriskLabs Pakistan

  I have created a MVC based simple java application. its helps the user to add records through data forms to database..... i want that the data that i put into the database as a record is worked upon i.e by performing calculations on it. the original data should remain unaffected. while the new data after calculations performed must be stored as a new entity record into database. Where should i write the code for this background calculation .. as it is the rules and business logic... in a new java beans file... Please guide. regards

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• How to remove the boundary effects arising due to zero padding in scipy/numpy fft?

  - by Omkar

  I have made a python code to smoothen a given signal using the Weierstrass transform, which is basically the convolution of a normalised gaussian with a signal. The code is as follows: #Importing relevant libraries from __future__ import division from scipy.signal import fftconvolve import numpy as np def smooth_func(sig, x, t= 0.002): N = len(x) x1 = x[-1] x0 = x[0] # defining a new array y which is symmetric around zero, to make the gaussian symmetric. y = np.linspace(-(x1-x0)/2, (x1-x0)/2, N) #gaussian centered around zero. gaus = np.exp(-y**(2)/t) #using fftconvolve to speed up the convolution; gaus.sum() is the normalization constant. return fftconvolve(sig, gaus/gaus.sum(), mode='same') If I run this code for say a step function, it smoothens the corner, but at the boundary it interprets another corner and smoothens that too, as a result giving unnecessary behaviour at the boundary. I explain this with a figure shown in the link below. Boundary effects This problem does not arise if we directly integrate to find convolution. Hence the problem is not in Weierstrass transform, and hence the problem is in the fftconvolve function of scipy. To understand why this problem arises we first need to understand the working of fftconvolve in scipy. The fftconvolve function basically uses the convolution theorem to speed up the computation. In short it says: convolution(int1,int2)=ifft(fft(int1)*fft(int2)) If we directly apply this theorem we dont get the desired result. To get the desired result we need to take the fft on a array double the size of max(int1,int2). But this leads to the undesired boundary effects. This is because in the fft code, if size(int) is greater than the size(over which to take fft) it zero pads the input and then takes the fft. This zero padding is exactly what is responsible for the undesired boundary effects. Can you suggest a way to remove this boundary effects? I have tried to remove it by a simple trick. After smoothening the function I am compairing the value of the smoothened signal with the original signal near the boundaries and if they dont match I replace the value of the smoothened func with the input signal at that point. It is as follows: i = 0 eps=1e-3 while abs(smooth[i]-sig[i])> eps: #compairing the signals on the left boundary smooth[i] = sig[i] i = i + 1 j = -1 while abs(smooth[j]-sig[j])> eps: # compairing on the right boundary. smooth[j] = sig[j] j = j - 1 There is a problem with this method, because of using an epsilon there are small jumps in the smoothened function, as shown below: jumps in the smooth func Can there be any changes made in the above method to solve this boundary problem?

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• Is there a sequence to read through the Android Developer Site for a user new to Android?

  - by Paul

  I keep seeing that I don't need to buy an android development book, that I should just read the Android Developer Site site because it has everything I need to know. I see it more as drinking from a fire hose. But I'm one of those people who likes to be walked thru the basics. I like to build up my knowledge, rather than being dropped into reference documentation. I also like to make sure I have see all/most of the topics covered. I'd hate to develop the wrong thing because I don't know about Fragments, Content Providers, or whatever. So, since it's a great resource, better than any book (we don't need no stinkin books), how do I traverse the site to get the information provide in the same way as a book would lay it out?

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• What is the best way to become a professional in PHP and Website Building?

  - by Mr.TAMER

  I would like to become a professional in php, I have learned nearly all about the language syntax and concepts and I have a good knowledge in C and C++, which made it easier to become familiar with PHP. (Of course, I learned MySql too.) But I don't feel like being able to build even a little good website of my own! It looks like PHP is all about knowing lots of functions and using them, while in fact I don't think it's like that, is it? How can I become a professional in PHP and Website Building? I would do anything and spend whatever amount of time required for that. EDIT I've also a very good knowledge in HTML and a normal knowledge in CSS and JavaScript. Sorry for not mentioning that, I just thought it was implicitly included.

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• How does font rendering actually work?

  - by Andrea

  I realize that I know essentially nothing about the way fonts get rendered in my computer. From what I can observe, font rendering is generally made in a consistent way throughout the system. For instance, the subpixel font hinting settings that I configure in my DE control panel have influence on text which appears on window borders, in my browser, in my text editor and so on. (I should observe that some Java applications show a noticeable difference, so I guess they are using a different font rendering mechanism). What I get from the above is that probably all applications that need font rendering make use of some OS (or DE)-wide library. On the other hand, browsers usually manage their own rendering through a rendering engine, that takes care of positioning various items - including text - according to specific flow rules. I am not sure how these two facts are compatible. I would assume that the browser would have to ask the OS to draw a glyph at a given position, but how can it manage the flow of text without knowing beforehand how much space the glyph will take? Are there separate calls to determine the glyph sizes, so that the browser can manage the flow as if characters were little boxes that are later filled in by the OS? (Although this does not take care of kerning). Or is the OS responsible for drawing a whole text area, including text flow? Does the OS return the rendered glyph as a bitmap and leaves it to the application to draw that on the screen?

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• Open Source programs for learning C#

  - by dizzytri99er

  I was wondering if there are any good open source programs out there that are basically 'all-skill' encompassing that i could use to develop my skills Im a strong believer in learning by doing so a nice open source program i could load onto my machine to learn C# would be ideal. I have some knowledge with basic C# and a little more advanced techniques so im not a total beginner i realise similar questions have been asked before but i was just trying no see if there is one definitive one rather than lots of little projects hopefully im not asking too much! haha

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• How often is your "Go-To" language the same as your favorite??

  - by K-RAN

  I know that there's already a question asking for your favorite programming language here. I'm curious though, what's your go-to language? The two can be very different. For example, I love Haskell. I learned it this past semester and I fell in love with it's very concise solutions and awesome syntax (I love theoretical math so something like fib = 1 : 1 : [ f | f <- zipWith (+) fibSeq (tail fibSeq)] makes my inner mathematician and computer scientist jump with joy!). However, the majority of my projects for classes and jobs have been in C/C++ & Java. As a result, most of the time when I'm testing something like an algorithm or Data Structure I go straight to C++. What about you guys? What languages do you love and why? What about your go-to language? What language do you use most often to get things done for work or personal projects and why? How often does a language fall into both categories??

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• What will be a good python script (or your favorite language goes here) to test a system's performance and capabilities?

  - by dassouki

  Let's say you're in a computer store looking at 10 laptops, you want to really compare the system's capabilities. What will be an efficient "your fav language goes here" script that will allow you to do this? As an example, when I go to the store I usually open a macbook and a pro's terminal and write an equation in python, iterate it a million or so times, and time them. I like to compare the difference in time. What would be an ideal and simple script that can efficiently compare systems?

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• Making Class Diagram for MVC Pattern Project

  - by iMohammad

  I have a question about making a class diagram for an MVC based college senior project. If we have 2 actors of users in my system, lets say Undergrad and Graduate students are the children of abstract class called User. (Generalisation) Each actor has his own features. My question, in such case, do we need to have these two actors in separate classes which inherits from the abstract class User? even though, I'm going to implement them as roles using one Model called User Model ? I think you can see my confusion here. I code using MVC pattern, but I've never made a class diagram for this pattern. Thank you in advance!

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• Parallel Class/Interface Hierarchy with the Facade Design Pattern?

  - by Mike G

  About a third of my code is wrapped inside a Facade class. Note that this isn't a "God" class, but actually represents a single thing (called a Line). Naturally, it delegates responsibilities to the subsystem behind it. What ends up happening is that two of the subsystem classes (Output and Timeline) have all of their methods duplicated in the Line class, which effectively makes Line both an Output and a Timeline. It seems to make sense to make Output and Timeline interfaces, so that the Line class can implement them both. At the same time, I'm worried about creating parallel class and interface structures. You see, there are different types of lines AudioLine, VideoLine, which all use the same type of Timeline, but different types of Output (AudioOutput and VideoOutput, respectively). So that would mean that I'd have to create an AudioOutputInterface and VideoOutputInterface as well. So not only would I have to have parallel class hierarchy, but there would be a parallel interface hierarchy as well. Is there any solution to this design flaw? Here's an image of the basic structure (minus the Timeline class, though know that each Line has-a Timeline): NOTE: I just realized that the word 'line' in Timeline might make is sound like is does a similar function as the Line class. They don't, just to clarify.

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• Unit-testing code that relies on untestable 3rd party code

  - by DudeOnRock

  Sometimes, especially when working with third party code, I write unit-test specific code in my production code. This happens when third party code uses singletons, relies on constants, accesses the file-system/a resource I don't want to access in a test situation, or overuses inheritance. The form my unit-test specific code takes is usually the following: if (accessing or importing a certain resource fails) I assume this is a test case and load a mock object Is this poor form, and if it is, what is normally done when writing tests for code that uses untestable third party code?

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• Methodologies for Managing Users and Access?

  - by MadBurn

  This is something I'm having a hard time getting my head around. I think I might be making it more complicated than it is. What I'm trying to do is develop a method to store users in a database with varying levels of access, throughout different applications. I know this has been done before, but I don't know where to find how they did it. Here is an example of what I need to accomplish: UserA - Access to App1, App3, App4 & can add new users to App3, but not 4 or 1. UserB - Access to App2 only with ReadOnly access. UserC - Access to App1 & App4 and is able to access Admin settings of both apps. In the past I've just used user groups. However, I'm reaching a phase where I need a bit more control over each individual user's access to certain parts of the different applications. I wish this were as cut and dry as being able to give a user a role and let each role inherit from the last. Now, this is what I need to accomplish. But, I don't know any methods of doing this. I could easily just design something that works, but I know this has been done and I know this has been studied and I know this problem has been solved by much better minds than my own. This is for a web application and using sql server 2008. I don't need to store passwords (LDAP) and the information I need to store is actually very limited. Basically just username and access.

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