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• Apache/Passenger and cpulimit

  - by Dave Smylie

  I run a ruby on rails site that processes email - the email is dumped directly into the web app via a POST from postfix. At times I can get a burst of email coming in causing a prolonged surge in CPU usage making my VPS provider understandable unhappy with me. These emails don't need to be processed in a timely manner - they just need to be (eventually) processed. Obviously I can't just nice the process as that only looks at the cpu usage on my VPS and can't take into account the cpu usage on the other VPS's. I have found a utility called cpulimit that will you put hard limits on cpu usage for a particular process. (eg 20%). This seems ideal for this purpose, but I can't work out to integrate with apache/passenger. Passenger starts up a ruby process for each server and restarts them periodically. Each time the pid will change. Cpulimit needs to be given a pid number for it to act on. Anyone got any ideas how I could get passenger to fire off a call this command when it's starting up this particular virtual host?

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• Textwrangler -- Trying to run a xmllint command

  - by bobber205

  When I run: #!/bin/sh xmllint --c14n "$*" | XMLLINT_INDENT=$'\t' xmllint --encode UTF-8 --format - I get /private/var/folders/Aj/Aj9m3c8JGnmkccHY2o3lKE+++TI/Cleanup At Startup/Tidy XML.sh.S:1: parser error : Start tag expected, '<' not found question_autoSwitch ^ -:1: parser error : Document is empty ^ -:1: parser error : Start tag expected, '<' not found Something is very wrong. :P Any ideas?

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• Getting Server 2008 R2 to ignore all traffic from Internet-facing NIC, leaving it to a VM

  - by Wolvenmoon

  I got in to Server 2008 R2 via Dreamspark and would like to start learning on it. I don't have much option but to put it on a system sitting between the Internet and my home LAN due to electricity bills and the fact that 3 computers in an 11x11 space in 102 degree weather is pretty stygian. Currently I use a ClearOS gateway to manage everything, what I'd like to do is take my server 2008 R2 box, which has two NICs, and drop it at the head of my network. I'd want Server 2008 R2 to ignore all traffic on the external facing NIC and pass it to a virtual ClearOS gateway, and to put all its Internet traffic through its other NIC - which will face the rest of my network and be the default gateway for it. The theory is to keep the potentially vulnerable Server 2008 R2 install as tucked behind a Linux box as possible, without sacrificing too much performance. This is a home network that occasionally hosts dedicated game servers and voice chat servers, so most malicious activity is in the form of drive by non-targeted attacks, however, I don't trust Windows Server because I don't know the OS well enough, yet. So, three questions: How do I do this, am I going to be reasonably more secure doing this than if I just let the Server 2008 R2 rig handle all the network traffic and DHCP (not an option), and should I virtualize the Server 2008 R2 rig instead and if so in what? (Core 2 Duo e6600 w/ 5 gigs usable RAM)

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• GNOME 2 + Compiz equivalent?

  - by virtualeyes

  Running Fedora 14 and realize I need to either change distros or find an alternative to GNOME 3 in Fedora 17. Based on what I have read to-date, XFCE and KDE are the go-to WMs if I want to avoid GNOME 3. I tried KDE 4 and I wasn't impressed; I like the simplicity of GNOME 2 with Compiz and Emerald. Can't stay on Fedora 14 forever, however, so...where to turn? Basically looking for these features in my desktop environment: GNOME Do or equivalent Snap to grid/Window tiling A must-have, the ability to hot key focused window to a monitor grid region is a huge productivity win. Zoom window to cursor In a multi-monitor setup sometimes it's nice to, say, GNOME Do terminal in one monitor and then hot key the opened window to the other monitor just by zipping the mouse cursor anywhere on target monitor (followed by, of course, snap-to-grid hotkey, all without a single mouse click) Polarization At night white background hurts the eyes, so I prefer to hot key polarize to black. Multi-monitor support I'm partial to Fedora given that I've worked with CentOS for years and have little experience with any other Linux distro; however, if the difference between Fedora and Arch, Mint, etc. is fairly subtle, I'll make the leap, just need a distro & desktop environment that allows me to be productive with keyboard hot keys and provides the above basic features. Any suggestions?

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• Distribute IP packets accross different NIC queues with MSI (Message Signalled Interrupts)

  - by Ansis Atteka

  NetXtreme II BCM5709 Gigabit Ethernet NIC supports MSI feature (Message Signaled Interrupts) and it has 8 queues. Each queue has its own Interrupt handler in /proc/interrupts. What I am trying to accomplish is to tell NIC which packets should go to which queue. Questions: Is it possible to manually specify which IP packets should go to which queue by encapsulated protocol type (e.g. IPsec packets go in one queue, while TCP packets go in another queue)? If it is possible - how can I do it under Linux? If it is not possible - should I look at MSI-X capable NIC cards to solve this problem? More details: We have one Interface that is terminating IPSec and forwarding/terminating TCP connections. The IPSec packet decryption is inlined (this means that decryption is done under the same ksoftirqd/X context). We are trying to find out if we will be able to improve total performance if IPSec packets will be scheduled on another CPU than TCP packets. One more limitation is that IPSec code is not MP-safe, hence I can not run it under more than one ksoftirqd/X. By default it seems that packets are distributed/hashed by source IP over the 8 NIC queues. The bottleneck is IPSec that chokes out TCP traffic while it is decrypting/encrypting IPSec packets at ~100% CPU. OS is Ubuntu 10.10 (2.6.32-27-server) and NIC is Broadcom BCM5709.

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• What is the correct iptables rule when NATing multiple private subnets?

  - by Jose Mendez

  I have a Centos minimal 6.5 acting as a router. eth0 is connected to a Cisco switch trunk port, allowing VLANs 200-213. I have several VLAN interfaces just as this link suggests: https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-US/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux/6/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-networkscripts-interfaces_802.1q-vlan-tagging.html And have IPv4 forwarding, so all my network devices from any of the networks 200-213 can communicate with each other using this linux box as their router. Problem is, I need them to access the Internet, so I added the following rule: iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 192.168.0.0/16 -j SNAT --to 1.1.1.56 1.1.1.56 is the "outside" address. This works fine, devices connected to the internal networks can ping Intertnet addresses BUT, they stop being able to talk to each other across subnets, so 192.168.211.55 can ping 8.8.8.8, but can't talk to 192.168.213.5. As soon as I do a service iptables restart to remove the rule, I can start talking across internal subnets again. What would be the correct way to set up NAT for multiple private subnets? Or maybe the correct way to set up forwarding?

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• How to deal with job that stop and cannot continue unless made foreground?

  - by Vi

  Recent example: mountlo (using UML): vi@vi-notebook:~/b$ mountlo -m 16 -d /dev/uba1 /home/vi/mnt/usb -t vfat -o iocharset=utf8,allow_other& [1] 32561 vi@vi-notebook:~/b$ Checking that ptrace can change system call numbers...OK Checking syscall emulation patch for ptrace...OK Checking advanced syscall emulation patch for ptrace...OK Checking PROT_EXEC mmap in /tmp...OK Checking for the skas3 patch in the host: - /proc/mm...not found - PTRACE_FAULTINFO...not found - PTRACE_LDT...not found UML running in SKAS0 mode [1]+ Stopped mountlo -m 16 -d /dev/uba1 /home/vi/mnt/usb -t vfat -o iocharset=utf8,allow_other vi@vi-notebook:~/b$ bg [1]+ mountlo -m 16 -d /dev/uba1 /home/vi/mnt/usb -t vfat -o iocharset=utf8,allow_other & [1]+ Stopped mountlo -m 16 -d /dev/uba1 /home/vi/mnt/usb -t vfat -o iocharset=utf8,allow_other vi@vi-notebook:~/b$ bg [1]+ mountlo -m 16 -d /dev/uba1 /home/vi/mnt/usb -t vfat -o iocharset=utf8,allow_other & [1]+ Stopped mountlo -m 16 -d /dev/uba1 /home/vi/mnt/usb -t vfat -o iocharset=utf8,allow_other vi@vi-notebook:~/b$ bg [1]+ mountlo -m 16 -d /dev/uba1 /home/vi/mnt/usb -t vfat -o iocharset=utf8,allow_other & [1]+ Stopped mountlo -m 16 -d /dev/uba1 /home/vi/mnt/usb -t vfat -o iocharset=utf8,allow_other vi@vi-notebook:~/b$ fg mountlo -m 16 -d /dev/uba1 /home/vi/mnt/usb -t vfat -o iocharset=utf8,allow_other Linux version 2.6.15 (miko@dorka) (gcc version 3.3.5 (Debian 1:3.3.5-13)) #1 Mon Feb 27 13:27:52 CET 2006 (normal output) ... vi@vi-notebook:~/b$ socat - exec:'mountlo -m 16 -d /dev/uba1 /home/vi/mnt/usb -t vfat -o iocharset=utf8\,allow_other',pty,ctty fusermount: waitpid: No child processes vi@vi-notebook:~/b$ Also happens with Gimp (when it does run it's plug-ins). Parts of Gimp started by `gimp q.jpg&' freeze and cannot continue unless "killall -CONT" or made foreground. Is it a bug? How to reliably start things in a background?

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• where is memory gone (no, not buffers or cache)

  - by Marki

  can anyone tell me where the memory is gone: (no, this time neither buffers nor cache) # free total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 3928200 3868560 59640 0 2888 92924 -/+ buffers/cache: 3772748 155452 Swap: 4192956 226352 3966604 top, sorted by memory, descending: top - 13:42:06 up 1 day, 3:47, 2 users, load average: 0.08, 0.12, 0.36 Tasks: 228 total, 1 running, 227 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu0 : 2.0%us, 4.0%sy, 0.0%ni, 90.1%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 4.0%si, 0.0%st Cpu1 : 0.0%us, 0.0%sy, 0.0%ni, 0.0%id,100.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Mem: 3928200k total, 3868020k used, 60180k free, 2896k buffers Swap: 4192956k total, 226048k used, 3966908k free, 82068k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 3863 root 20 0 902m 199m 3296 S 7 5.2 99:08.77 ndsd 21906 root 20 0 138m 9076 2988 S 0 0.2 0:00.02 sfcbd 2332 root 20 0 126m 4660 1332 S 0 0.1 0:17.72 mono 4243 wwwrun 20 0 683m 4468 668 S 0 0.1 0:07.38 java 2994 root 20 0 202m 2288 1660 S 0 0.1 6:10.02 httpstkd 4338 root 20 0 184m 2240 1112 S 0 0.1 0:00.52 namcd 21898 root 20 0 32368 1832 1256 R 1 0.0 0:00.08 top In fact, some time ago oom kicked in and crashed the system (kernel panic), and I'm afraid we're again not far from that point.... UPDATE # cat /proc/meminfo MemTotal: 3928200 kB MemFree: 51336 kB Buffers: 2964 kB Cached: 72876 kB SwapCached: 29128 kB Active: 233440 kB Inactive: 88040 kB Active(anon): 188920 kB Inactive(anon): 56752 kB Active(file): 44520 kB Inactive(file): 31288 kB Unevictable: 0 kB Mlocked: 0 kB SwapTotal: 4192956 kB SwapFree: 3966824 kB Dirty: 32 kB Writeback: 0 kB AnonPages: 225112 kB Mapped: 11356 kB Shmem: 32 kB Slab: 1624080 kB SReclaimable: 13740 kB SUnreclaim: 1610340 kB KernelStack: 4176 kB PageTables: 10500 kB NFS_Unstable: 0 kB Bounce: 0 kB WritebackTmp: 0 kB CommitLimit: 6157056 kB Committed_AS: 2397684 kB VmallocTotal: 34359738367 kB VmallocUsed: 441372 kB VmallocChunk: 34359246755 kB HardwareCorrupted: 0 kB HugePages_Total: 0 HugePages_Free: 0 HugePages_Rsvd: 0 HugePages_Surp: 0 Hugepagesize: 2048 kB DirectMap4k: 10240 kB DirectMap2M: 4184064 kB slabtop Active / Total Objects (% used) : 9041019 / 9207548 (98.2%) Active / Total Slabs (% used) : 401132 / 401156 (100.0%) Active / Total Caches (% used) : 91 / 159 (57.2%) Active / Total Size (% used) : 1491537.88K / 1519791.56K (98.1%) Minimum / Average / Maximum Object : 0.02K / 0.17K / 4096.00K OBJS ACTIVE USE OBJ SIZE SLABS OBJ/SLAB CACHE SIZE NAME 4240470 4240319 99% 0.12K 141349 30 565396K pid 2245140 2219675 98% 0.25K 149676 15 598704K size-256 2238090 2210087 98% 0.12K 74603 30 298412K size-128 ...

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• How can I detect upload success/failure in a scripted command-line SFTP session

  - by pkpk

  how can I detect success/failure sftp Batch script on Windows OS? I use %errorlevel% to detect success/failure, sometime the %errorlevel% be returned by 0, but that session is fail and the file is not upload to the server. my script is below how can I detect sftp uploaded correctly? THX so much @echo off (echo cd %4 echo put %2 echo exit)>sftpScript.txt sftp -b sftpScript.txt %3 set result=%errorlevel% if result EQU 0 ( del sftpScript.txt del %2 ) else ( del sftpScript.txt ) exit %result%

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• Member Status: Inquorate in RHEL 5.6

  - by Eugene S

  I've encountered a strange issue. I had to change the time on my Linux RHEL cluster system. I've done it using the following command from the root user: date +%T -s "10:13:13" After doing this, some message appeared relating to <emerg> #1: Quorum Dissolved (however I didn't capture the message completely). In order to investigate the issue I looked at /var/log/messages and I've discovered these errors. Below is the output of few commands I got when tried to investigate the issue, however I don't have enough knowledge to make use of this information. [root@system1a ~]# clustat Cluster Status for system4081 @ Sun Mar 25 11:45:48 2012 Member Status: Inquorate Member Name ID Status ------ ---- ---- ------ chb_sys1a 1 Online, Local chb_sys2a 2 Offline [root@system1a ~]# cman_tool nodes Node Sts Inc Joined Name 1 M 872 2012-03-25 08:43:07 chb_sys1a 2 X 0 chb_sys2a [root@system1a ~]# qdiskd -f -d [17654] debug: Loading configuration information [17654] debug: 0 heuristics loaded [17654] debug: Quorum Daemon: 0 heuristics, 1 interval, 10 tko, 0 votes [17654] debug: Run Flags: 00000035 [17654] info: Quorum Daemon Initializing stat: Bad address [17654] crit: Initialization failed I tried to search through the internet and found out a quite similar issue here. However, for some reason I am not able to access the bug on bugzilla. The link to the bug is here

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• Forward all tracif from one IP to another Ip on OS X

  - by Josh

  This is related to this question I just asked... I have two IP address on my iMac I want to "bridge". I'm not sure what the proper terminology is... here's the situation. My iMac has a firewire connection to my laptop and an ethernet connection to the rest of my office. My laptop has an ip of 192.168.100.2 (on the firewire interface). My iMac has an IP of 192.168.100.1 on the firewire interface, and two IPs, 10.1.0.6 and 10.1.0.7, on it's ethernet interface. If I wanted to forward all traffic coming in from 192.168.100.2 on my OS X machine to go out on IP 10.1.0.7, and vice-versa, can this be done? I assume I would use the ipfw command. Essentially I want to "bridge" the firewire network to the ethernet network so my laptop can see all the machines on the 10.1 network, and all those machines can see my laptop at 10.1.0.7. Is this possible?

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• ADSL with RFC 2684 Bridging

  - by Axel Isouard

  My new ADSL line is now enabled, I can finally use my Netgear DM111Pv2 to use to the Internet. My ISP has told me a big surprise : I don't need to use a login and a password to connect to the Internet, then I must use the RFC 2684 bridging mode. It works pretty fine on the ADSL modem's side, but I've spent one night trying to figure out how to connect to the Internet through this modem. I only have a Fonera 2.0n and a computer running Gentoo Linux. I've been trying to use the br2684ctl utility with brctl on my Gentoo, first I've configured my kernel in that way : CONFIG_PPP=y CONFIG_PPP_BSDCOMP=y CONFIG_PPP_DEFLATE=y # CONFIG_PPP_FILTER is not set CONFIG_PPP_MPPE=y # CONFIG_PPP_MULTILINK is not set CONFIG_PPPOATM=y CONFIG_PPPOE=y CONFIG_PPP_ASYNC=y CONFIG_PPP_SYNC_TTY=y [...] CONFIG_ATM=y CONFIG_ATM_CLIP=y CONFIG_ATM_CLIP_NO_ICMP=y CONFIG_ATM_LANE=y CONFIG_ATM_MPOA=y CONFIG_ATM_BR2684=y # CONFIG_ATM_BR2684_IPFILTER is not set And I still get these messages : cirus nais # br2684ctl -b -c 0 -e 0 -a 8.35 br2684ctl[8041]: Interface "nas0" created sucessfully br2684ctl[8041]: Communicating over ATM 0.8.35, encapsulation: LLC br2684ctl[8041]: Fatal: failed to connect on socket; No such device The brctl utility keeps telling me "Invalid argument" each time I try to add the nas0 interface into my bridge, I'm honestly hoping I'm doing wrong. I've been following this README carefully and this tutorial on setting up a PPPoE connection with Gentoo, but the PPPoE interface just tries to start, and nothing special related to PPP happens, I can't see the interface when I do ifconfig. So, I'm asking you if there's something huge I've been missing since the beginning ! Maybe I should wait to buy a new router fully supporting the RFC2684 bridging mode, but I'm more interested in setting up this mode on my Fonera 2.0n and even my Raspberry Pi !

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• Chmod 644 on /etc/ any way to fix?

  - by DazSlayer

  I tried to tab complete something and I guess it wasnt there. I know you are not supposed to set the permissions to /etc/ like that, but my permissions seem to be all messed up. whoami prints out cannot find name for user ID 1002 and I cannot cd into /etc/ anymore. passwd and shadow use 640 and 644 so I am not sure why this is a problem. Regardless, is there any way to fix this? The command run was sudo chmod 644 /etc/ I have no name!@vpn-server:/$ whoami whoami: cannot find name for user ID 1002 I have no name!@vpn-server:/$ cd etc bash: cd: etc: Permission denied I have no name!@vpn-server:/$ ls -al etc d????????? ? ? ? ? ? . d????????? ? ? ? ? ? .. d????????? ? ? ? ? ? acpi -????????? ? ? ? ? ? adduser.conf I have no name!@vpn-server:/$ sudo su sudo: can't open /etc/sudoers: Permission denied

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• time sync with ntpd

  - by guthrie

  I run Debian on several systems, and their times do not seem to stay in sync. I can run ntpdate manually, but I thought that I should have an ntpd running that would automate that. I did check with apt and apt-cache but don't find any ntpd (or associated ntpq), not any such names in my system (locate...), but ntp-doc does still describe them. Looking around I see that there is an ntpdate-debian command, and it uses /etc/default/ntpdate for servers (instead of the standard /etc/ntp.conf), but even thought that file is there and has "yes" indicated to use ntp.conf, it fails with "no servers can be used", although ntpdate works fine. Is this just a layer over ntpdate, any reason to use it instead? So, why are they missing, do I need them, how do I automate time updates? Associated, two of my machines are virtualized on a MSoft VM, how is it that their clocks drift, and both to different values? (The underlying Windows machine clock seems stable). I see a few old notes about time & ntp problems on VMware, didn't find anything either current or relating to MSoft VMs. Anything I did see says just to use ntpd, but as above, ...?!

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• How to restrict zone transfers to specific authorized servers only

  - by JonoB

  I recently failed a PCI compliance scan because of the following: This DNS server allows unrestricted zone transfers. Attackers may be able to use this information to gain knowledge on the structure of your networks to aid in device discovery prior to an actual attack. And the suggested solution is as follows: Reconfigure this DNS server to restrict zone transfers to specific authorized servers only. I am running a dedicated Linux Centos server. My understanding is that I have to edit the /etc/named.conf file, which I have done and the the relevant part is as follows: options { acl "trusted" { 127.0.0.1; xxx.xxx.xxx.001; //this is one of the server's ip's xxx.xxx.xxx.002; //this is another server's ip }; allow-recursion { trusted; }; allow-notify { trusted; }; allow-transfer { trusted; }; }; I then restarted the named service /etc/rc.d/init.d/named restart and requested a re-scan, which failed again for the same reason. Am I missing something obvious here?

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• Zero sized tar.gz file found inside a tar.gz file

  - by PavanM

  My current directory contains a single file like this- $ls -l -rw-r--r-- 1 root staff 8 May 28 09:10 pavan Now, I want to tar and gzip this file like $tar -cvf - * 2>/dev/null |gzip -vf9 > pavan.tar.gz 2>/dev/null (I am aware I am creating the zipped file in the same directory as the original file) When I run the above tar/gzip commands around 20 times, a few times I observe that the final tarred and zipped file pavan.tar.gz file has a ZERO sized pavan.tar.gz file. I am not sure from where is this zero sized file coming into the archive from. Note: I am NOT running tar/gzip commands on an already existing tar.gz file. I always make sure that the directory has only one file before running the commands On googling, as described here, I suspected that the tar.gz being created was also part of the file being archived. But in my case, gzip is the one who's creating the final file and by the time gzip runs, tar should be done tarring. This is happening on AIX but I've used Linux tag too, to draw more attention, as I guess the problem is platform independent.

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• Debugging Samba/CUPS printer sharing with Windows

  - by mrdrbob

  I've got a HP Deskjet hooked up to a Slackware 12.2 box. I've got CUPS set up and can print a test page from the box just fine. I've also got Samba set up and have a couple file shares that work fine. I'm trying to share that HP Deskjet out via Samba, but I can't get it to show up in any Windows system. I see the server and its file shares in Windows networking, but when I open the Printers, no printer shows up. Running net view \\servername from the command line lists the file shares, but no printers. Here's the pertinent part of my smb.conf, if that helps: [global] workgroup = HOMENET security = share hosts allow = 192.168.1. 192.168.2. 127. load printers = yes printcap name = cups printing = cups log file = /var/log/samba.%m max log size = 50 [printers] comment = All Printers path = /var/spool/samba browseable = no public = yes writable = no printable = yes guest only = yes Can anyone give me some pointers as to where to start looking for potential causes? Update: Running testparm shows no errors. Here's the output (minus the file shares): [global] workgroup = HOMENET security = SHARE log file = /var/log/samba.%m max log size = 50 printcap name = cups hosts allow = 192.168.1., 192.168.2., 127. [printers] comment = All Printers path = /var/spool/samba guest only = Yes guest ok = Yes printable = Yes browseable = No

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• How to deal with lots of brackets in a formula?

  - by wenlibin02

  Say, I have a formula like this (in LaTeX or Maple or other text system): Result: ((6*(k2+k3))*A123*k2*k3*(A12*A13*k2^2-2*A12*A13*k2*k3+A12*A13*k3^2-A123*k2^2-2*A123*k2*k3-A123*k3^2)*(exp(-k3*(k3^2*t-x)))^2+6*A12*(-k3+k2)*k2*k3*(A12*A13*k2^2-2*A12*A13*k2*k3+A12*A13*k3^2-A123*k2^2-2*A123*k2*k3-A123*k3^2)*exp(-k3*(k3^2*t-x)))*(exp(-k2*(k2^2*t-x)))^2+(-(6*(-k3+k2))*A13*k2*k3*(A12*A13*k2^2-2*A12*A13*k2*k3+A12*A13*k3^2-A123*k2^2-2*A123*k2*k3-A123*k3^2)*(exp(-k3*(k3^2*t-x)))^2-(6*(k2+k3))*k2*k3*(A12*A13*k2^2-2*A12*A13*k2*k3+A12*A13*k3^2-A123*k2^2-2*A123*k2*k3-A123*k3^2)*exp(-k3*(k3^2*t-x)))*exp(-k2*(k2^2*t-x)) Note: the above formula is only one part of the result of a maple calculation, I just can't break them up because there are so many many terms. Apparently, It's very hard to read. What I want to do is to fold the matched brackets level by level. If all the brackets are folded, I can find out clearly how many terms there are. Then I can analyze from the top level to the details of every term. But I just don't know how to realize that. Maybe there are some existed software which can visualize this kind of complex formula. Any idea? P.S. I use Linux system. The open source alternatives are better.

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• Getting a TTY in a Connectback Shell

  - by Asad R.

  I'm often asked by friends to help with small Linux problems, and more often than not I'm required to login to the remote system. Usually there are a lot of issues with making an account and logging in (sometimes the box is behind a NAT device, sometimes SSHD isn't installed, etc.) so I usually just ask them to make a connect-back shell using netcat (nc -e /bin/bash ). If they don't have netcat I can just ask them to grab a copy of a statically compiled binary which isn't that hard or time consuming to download and run. Though this works well enough for me to enter simple commands, I can't run any apps that require a tty (vi, for example) and can't use any job control functions. I managed to bypass this issue by running in.telnetd with a few arguments within the connect-back shell that would assign me a terminal and drop me to a shell. Unfortunately in.telnetd isn't usually installed by default on most systems. What's the easiest way to get a fully functional connect-back terminal shell without requiring any non-standard packages? (A small C program that does the job would be fine as well, I just can't seem to find much documentation on how a TTY is assigned/allocated. A solution that doesn't require me to plough through the source code for SSHD and TELNETD would be nice :))

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• Server hang - data loss on reboot, post mortem analysis

  - by rovangju

  A development server I'm responsible for (ext3 on raid 5 w/Debian Squeeze) froze up over the weekend and I was forced to reset it, as in unresponsive from KVM/physical keyboard access, no eth devices responding, etc. Not even the backup process ran (Figures, the one time I don't check for confirmation) So after the reset, it turns out that every trace of disk IO activity that should have happened for a period of ~24H is completely gone. The log files have a big gap in the dates and times. As if the writes were never committed to disk, no processes seemed to have run. Luckily it was a weekend and nothing of value would have been lost and I don't suspect a hack. What can I do in post mortem to this event - to prevent it from ever happening again? I've seen this happen before on a completely different machine running FreeBSD. I am rounding up the disk checking tools right now - but there must be more going on! Mount options: /dev/sda1 on / type ext3 (rw,errors=remount-ro) Kernel: Linux dev 2.6.32-5-686-bigmem Disk/Inodes: 13%/3%

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• Moving automatically spam messages to a folder in Postfix

  - by cad

  Hi My problem is that I want to automatically to move spam messages to a folder and not sure how. I have a linux box giving email access. MTA is Postfix, IMAP is Courier. As webmail client I use Squirrelmail. To filter SPAM I use Spamassassin and is working ok. Spamassasin is overwriting subjects with [--- SPAM 14.3 ---] Viagra... Also is adding headers: X-Spam-Flag: YES X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 3.2.5 (2008-06-10) on xxxx X-Spam-Level: ************** X-Spam-Status: Yes, score=14.3 required=2.0 tests=BAYES_99, DATE_IN_FUTURE_24_48,HTML_MESSAGE,MIME_HTML_ONLY,RCVD_IN_PBL, RCVD_IN_SORBS_WEB,RCVD_IN_XBL,RDNS_NONE,URIBL_RED,URIBL_SBL autolearn=no version=3.2.5 X-Spam-Report: * 0.0 URIBL_RED Contains an URL listed in the URIBL redlist * [URIs: myimg.de] * 3.5 BAYES_99 BODY: Bayesian spam probability is 99 to 100% * [score: 1.0000] * 0.9 RCVD_IN_PBL RBL: Received via a relay in Spamhaus PBL * [113.170.131.234 listed in zen.spamhaus.org] * 3.0 RCVD_IN_XBL RBL: Received via a relay in Spamhaus XBL * 0.6 RCVD_IN_SORBS_WEB RBL: SORBS: sender is a abuseable web server * [113.170.131.234 listed in dnsbl.sorbs.net] * 3.2 DATE_IN_FUTURE_24_48 Date: is 24 to 48 hours after Received: date * 0.0 HTML_MESSAGE BODY: HTML included in message * 1.5 MIME_HTML_ONLY BODY: Message only has text/html MIME parts * 1.5 URIBL_SBL Contains an URL listed in the SBL blocklist * [URIs: myimg.de] * 0.1 RDNS_NONE Delivered to trusted network by a host with no rDNS I want to automatically to move spam messages to a folder. Ideally (not sure if possible) only to move messages with puntuation 5.0 or more to folder.. spam between 2.0 and 5.0 I want to be stored in Inbox. (I plan later to switch autolearn on) After reading a lot in procmail, postfix and spamassasin sites and googling a lot (lot of outdated howtos) I found two solutions but not sure which is the best or if there is another one: Put a rule in squirrelmail (dirty solution?) Use Procmail Which is the best option? Do you have any updated howto about it? Thanks

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• Configuring WPA WiFi in Ubuntu 10.10

  - by sma

  I am trying to configure my wireless network on my laptop running Ubuntu 10.10 and am having a bit of difficulty. I am a complete Linux newb, but want to learn it, hence the reason I'm trying to set this up. Here's the vitals: It is a Gateway 600 YG2 laptop. It was previously running Windows XP, but I installed Ubuntu 10.10 in place of it (not a dual boot, I removed XP altogether). I have an old wireless card that I'm trying to resurrect. I haven't really used the card in a couple years, but it seems to still work, I just can't connect to my home's wireless network. The card is a Linksys WPC11 v2.5. When I plug it in, Ubuntu recognizes the network, but won't connect to it. My home network uses WPA encryption and the only connection type that Ubuntu's network manager is giving me is WEP and then it asks for a key -- I have no idea what that key should be. So, basically, I'm asking, is there a way I can instead connect through WPA? I've tried creating a new connection in network manager, but that won't work, it keeps falling back to the WEP connection and asking me for a key. I have tried to install the XP driver using ndiswrapper but I don't know if that's working or not. Is there a way to tell if: A) the card is working as it should B) the correct drivers are installed (again, I installed the XP one using ndiswrapper NET8180.INF, but I'm not sure what to do next) Any help would be appreciated. Thank you.

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• Windows won't sleep after booting from grub

  - by mkasberg

  I recently added a second hard drive to my computer and I am using it do dual-boot Linux (Ubuntu 12.04) with Windows 7. Both hard drives are SATA. I am using the default grub bootloader on my second hard drive. The windows drive is unmodified. To get to grub, I changed the hard disk boot priority in my BIOS (P35-DS3L) to boot from the second drive. The problem I'm having is that when I boot to Windows 7 (on sda) from grub (on sdb), Windows 7 will not go to sleep (from the start menu). The display shuts off momentarily as if its going to sleep, then comes back on and displays the switch-user screen. Powercfg -lastwake does not show anything. I am sure that this is related to booting from grub on sdb because when I change the hard disk boot priority in the BIOS to boot from my (unmodified) Windows hard disk, the computer goes to sleep fine. It occurred to me that installing grub on sda might solve the problem, but I'd rather not since I like to have my windows hard disk unmodified so that booting to it from the BIOS boots directly to windows. A possible work around is to use the BIOS as a bootloader, by pressing F8 to select the boot device. Still, I'd like to know why the problem is happening in the first place.

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• Change the default route without affecting existing TCP connections

  - by Patrick Horn

  Let's say I have two public network addresses on my server: one NAT through an ISP (192.168.99.0/24), and a VPN through a different ISP (192.168.1.0/24), already configured with a per-host route to the VPN server through my ISP. Here is my initial routing table. I am currently routing through my ISP on subnet 192.168.99.0/24. $ route -n Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 0.0.0.0 192.168.99.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth1 55.66.77.88 192.168.99.1 255.255.255.255 UGH 0 0 0 eth1 192.168.99.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth1 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 tap0 Now, I want new TCP connections to switch to my 192.168.1.0/24 so I type the following: $ route add -net 0.0.0.0 gw 192.168.1.1 dev tap0 When I do this, it causes some long-standing TCP connections to hang. Is there a way to I safely change the default interface for new connections, while allowing existing TCP connections to use the old route (i.e. do I need enable some sort of stateful routing table)? I am okay with a solution that only works with established TCP connections, and I don't care how hacky it is. For example, if there is a way to add temporary iptables rules for existing connections to force them over the old route. But there has to be some way to do this. EDIT: Just a note about a simple "route add -host ... " for existing connections: this solution would work if I am fine with leaving a subset of IPs on the old interface. However, in my application, this actually doesn't solve my problem because I want to allow new connections to come on the new interface even if they have the same source IP. I'm now looking at using the "ip route" command to set source-based routing rules.

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• PHP scripts randomly becoming really slow to respond - Database lockup?

  - by webnoob

  Hi All, I wasn't sure whether to post this here or on stackoverflow, so apologies if its in the wrong place. I have about 7 php scripts running on a centOS VPS. Each of these scripts contacts a game server and processes the logs, with the logs it either does some database queries or sends info back to the game server. I am having an issue where some of the scripts will randomly become REALLY slow to respond and I don't know where to start with my debugging. Each script connects to its own database schema but on the same MySQL server. Each script will do about 4 inserts per second and twice as many select statements on their respective databases. I thought a database lockup may cause the issue but some console messages that are read from the database are sent to the game servers console without issue every 30 seconds, even when the script is slow to responding to other commands. Non of the scripts are using a lot of memory or CPU power. About 0.1% each. I know this information is really vague but I don't know linux very well at all (in fact, top is about my limit) and I really don't know where to start debugging this. Thanks.

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