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• Write Fedora.iso to USB and boot it from a Macbook

  - by MTilsted

  I have an .iso image of the full Fedora 16 install (Downloaded from http://fedoraproject.org/en/get-fedora-options#formats as "Fedora 16 DVD") and the question now is: How do I write it on a USB stick, so I can install it on my Mac book? I tried using DD as the install guide said, and that gave me a USB stick which can boot from my PC. But it can't boot from the Mac (The Mac start menu don't show it as a boot option). Edit: I downloaded a live install image, and did this (SSD is my USB 4GB thing) /sbin/mkdosfs -F 32 -n usbdisk /dev/dev/sdd1 sudo livecd-iso-to-disk --format --reset-mbr --efi /tmp/download/Fedora-16-i686-Live-KDE.iso /dev/sdd1 And this produced an image which can boot on my pc but not on my mac. This seems to indicate that the --efi is not working, because if it really was EFI it would not boot on a normal pc, would it? I then tried this: (Difference being that I write the image directory to /dev/sdd instead of /dev/sdd1) but this still will not boot on the Mac (it newer shows up at the startup screen on the Mac). sudo livecd-iso-to-disk --format --reset-mbr --efi /tmp/download/Fedora- PS: My host Linux is Fedora 13.

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• Not enough storage is available to process this command

  - by Mohit

  I am getting this error on almost all of the operations on a Windows 7 pro 32 bit machine. By operations I mean anything I do. Update a repo from subversion. Access a local IIS Site. Copy a big folder. Run an installer.and sometime if I try again. It get solved. I think there is something wrong wit windows7 . I searched around and found posts suggesting to increase IRPStackSize value in registry I did that no Luck. I am using Microsoft Security Essentials Version: 1.0.1961.0 as my antivirus package Once this errors starts popping up. I have to restart and then in after some random time. It starts showing up again. Any help is appreciated. I am losing lot of my time in restarting my system or retrying again and again.

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• Trying to rename a computer via the netdom command and force a reboot

  - by user57020

  Why doesn't this work? it looks like it will but nothing happens. Option Explicit Dim wshNetwork Dim wshShell Dim PCname Dim Newname Set wshNetwork = WScript.CreateObject("WScript.Network") Set wshShell = WScript.CreateObject("WScript.Shell") PCname = InputBox("Type in the name of the pc you want to rename") Newname = InputBox("Type in the name of the new pc name") wshShell.run("netdom renamecomputer " &PCname& " /NewName:"&Newname& " /reboot:00 " ) 'MsgBox("netdom renamecomputer " &PCname& " /NewName:"&Newname& " /reboot:00 /y")

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• management network to a network port for additional ones munin and monit

  - by paolo

  management network to a network port for additional ones munin and monit I want to build a separate Netzwek for server management. I have several network cards a linux / debian / ubuntu with computer. Set both network cards sin in the /etc/network/interfaces. # The primary network interface #allow-hotplug eth0 #iface eth0 inet dhcp auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 10.0.0.240 netmast 255.255.255.0 network 10.0.0.0 brodacast 10.0.0.255 gateway 10.0.0.254 auto eth1 iface eth1 inet static address 10.0.10.240 netmast 255.255.255.0 network 10.0.10.0 brodacast 10.0.10.255 post-up ip route add 10.0.0.0/24 dev eth0 src 10.0.0.240 table eth0-WAN post-up ip route add default via 10.0.0.254 table eth0-WAN post-up ip route add 10.0.10.0/24 dev eth1 src 10.0.10.240 table eth1-LAN post-up ip route add default via 10.0.10.200 table eth1-LAN post-up ip rule add from 10.0.0.240 table eth0-WAN post-up ip rule add from 10.0.10.240 table eth1-LAN still i adjusted / etc/iproute2/rt_tables and following routes set up in the /etc/network/interfaces I want to have both applications and the network interface separately as munin and monit only on eth1 and not have to eth0. it goes to the reboot but sometimes not always. # Traceroute-i eth1 10.0.10.200 not go what am I doing wrong?

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• Linux commands shows different results

  - by ClydeFrog

  I'm really having a hard time to process these results on my Ubuntu server. I have a major problem with my JBoss server where I get FileNotFoundExceptions along with "No space left on device" errors. And I thought "maybe I'm out of disk space", and used df command to figure out how much I have left: root@ubuntu1:/# df -h Filsystem Storlek Anvnt Tillg Anv% Monterat på /dev/mapper/ubuntu1-root 36G 13G 21G 38% / none 2,0G 192K 2,0G 1% /dev none 2,0G 0 2,0G 0% /dev/shm none 2,0G 64K 2,0G 1% /var/run none 2,0G 0 2,0G 0% /var/lock /dev/sda1 228M 23M 193M 11% /boot /dev/mapper/vgdata-lvdata 79G 9,2G 66G 13% /data And as you can see, I have plenty of space left. And I also checked if I'm out of i-nodes: root@ubuntu1:/# df -i Filsystem Inoder IAnv IFria IAnv% Monterat på /dev/mapper/ubuntu1-root 2346512 61992 2284520 3% / none 505380 773 504607 1% /dev none 507383 1 507382 1% /dev/shm none 507383 30 507353 1% /var/run none 507383 2 507381 1% /var/lock /dev/sda1 124496 230 124266 1% /boot /dev/mapper/vgdata-lvdata 10486784 233945 10252839 3% /data But then i used du: root@ubuntu1:/# du -s -h /* 7,5M /bin 23M /boot 19G /data 192K /dev 11G /eniro 5,3M /etc 112K /home 0 /initrd.img 183M /lib 0 /lib64 16K /lost+found 12K /media 4,0K /mnt 4,0K /opt du: kan inte komma åt "/proc/20452/task/20452/fd/3": Filen eller katalogen finns inte du: kan inte komma åt "/proc/20452/task/20452/fdinfo/3": Filen eller katalogen finns inte du: kan inte komma åt "/proc/20452/fd/3": Filen eller katalogen finns inte du: kan inte komma åt "/proc/20452/fdinfo/3": Filen eller katalogen finns inte 0 /proc 18M /root 8,2M /sbin 4,0K /selinux 8,0K /srv 0 /sys 40K /tmp 691M /usr 1,2G /var 0 /vmlinuz Notice that /data and /eniro are 30G combined! How is it possible? Do I have a memory leak somewhere? Or is it something else? ----- EDIT 1 ----- Ok, I figured out that /data has its own mount so it's not possible to combine /data and /eniro because they aren't on the same mount. But how come it says 9,2G on the first command when it says 19G on the third on directory /data?

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• Is Unix not a PC Operating System?

  - by Corelgott

  I am doing my Bachelor at a university. In a written assignment the professor posted the task: "Name 3 PC-Operating Systems". Well, I went on an included a variety of OS (Linux, Windows, OSx) including Unix & Solaris. Today I recieved a mail from my prof saying: Unix is not a PC-Operating System. Many Unix-variants are not PC-hardware compatible (like AIX & HP-UX. About Solaris: there was one PC-compatible version...) I am kind of suprised: Even if may Unix-variants are Power-PC and different bit-order – Those don't stop being PCs now, right? The question was given in a written assigment! It was not a question that came up during lecture! Due to the original task being in German, I'll include it just to make sure nobody suspects an error in the translation. Frage: Nennen Sie 3 PC-Betriebssysteme. Antwort: Unix ist kein PC-Betriebssystem, viele Unix-Varianten sind nicht auf PC-Hardware lauffähig (AIX, HP-UX). Von Solaris gab es mal eine PC-Variante.

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• enabling remote desktop with command prompt

  - by Evin

  can you give me a way for enabling my remote desktop with cmd ? my remote desktop port is not listening on 3389 ! my server : windows 2003

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• Can any postfix guru assist me determine how emails are still being sent via my server from unauthorized sources?

  - by Dave

  Hi all, I'm getting a little concerned as I run a small server hosting a number of websites and manage the email for a few dozen people. Just recently though I've had a couple of notifications from spamcop alerting me that spam has been sent from my server, and when I have a look over the logs from time to time I can indeed see that there are many repeated attempts of mail being sent from my server. Most of the time it gets knocked back from the destination servers but sometimes its getting through. Unfortunately I'm not linux or postfix expert, I can get by but had though I had my machine locked down quite securely, I don't allow relaying, when I check the online DNS/MX tools they tend to report my server as being OK so I'm not sure where to take it now and hoping someone might be able to throw me a few pointers. I get lots of entries like this in my MAIL.INFO log Jan 2 08:39:34 Debian-50-lenny-64-LAMP postfix/qmgr[15993]: 66B88257C12F: from=<>, size=3116, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Jan 2 08:39:34 Debian-50-lenny-64-LAMP postfix/qmgr[15993]: 614C2257C1BC: from=<[email protected]>, size=2490, nrcpt=3 (queue active) and Jan 7 16:09:37 Debian-50-lenny-64-LAMP postfix/error[6471]: 0A316257C204: to=<[email protected]>, relay=none, delay=384387, delays=384384/3/0/0.01, dsn=4.0.0, status=deferred (delivery temporarily suspended: host mx.fakemx.net[46.4.35.23] refused to talk to me: 421 mx.fakemx.net Service Unavailable) Jan 7 16:09:37 Debian-50-lenny-64-LAMP postfix/error[6470]: 5848C257C20D: to=<[email protected]>, relay=none, delay=384373, delays=384370/3/0/0.01, dsn=4.0.0, status=deferred (delivery temporarily suspended: host mx.fakemx.net[46.4.35.23] refused to talk to me: 421 mx.fakemx.net Service Unavailable) then there tends to be connection timeouts, so from what I see even though I had relaying disabled.. something is getting by and trying to send.. So if you can help that will be greatly appreciated, and any further logging/config info I can supply. Thanks

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• Degraded RAID-5 array with lvm2 lost superblock and partition table

  - by Fred Phillips

  I have a RAID-5 array of 4x1TB hard disks with one lvm2 partition on Ubuntu Linux 10.04 LTS. One of the disks has failed. I have re-assembled the array without this failed disk but now mdadm --examine claims the array has no superblock and fdisk says it has no partition table. What can I do to recover the data? # mdadm -D /dev/md0 /dev/md0: Version : 1.2 Creation Time : Sat Mar 5 14:43:49 2011 Raid Level : raid5 Array Size : 2930276352 (2794.53 GiB 3000.60 GB) Used Dev Size : 976758784 (931.51 GiB 1000.20 GB) Raid Devices : 4 Total Devices : 4 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Sat Mar 5 15:06:49 2011 State : clean, degraded Active Devices : 3 Working Devices : 3 Failed Devices : 1 Spare Devices : 0 Layout : left-symmetric Chunk Size : 512K Name : boba:1 (local to host boba) UUID : 52eb4bc9:c3d8aab5:e0699505:e0e1aa05 Events : 18 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 8 1 0 active sync /dev/sda1 1 8 65 1 active sync /dev/sde1 2 8 49 2 active sync /dev/sdd1 3 0 0 3 removed 4 8 17 - faulty spare /dev/sdb1 # mdadm --examine /dev/md0 mdadm: No md superblock detected on /dev/md0. # fdisk -l /dev/md0 Disk /dev/md0: 3000.6 GB, 3000602984448 bytes 2 heads, 4 sectors/track, 732569088 cylinders Units = cylinders of 8 * 512 = 4096 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 524288 bytes / 1572864 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/md0 doesn't contain a valid partition table # cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [linear] [multipath] [raid0] [raid1] [raid10] md0 : active raid5 sdb1[4](F) sda1[0] sdd1[2] sde1[1] 2930276352 blocks super 1.2 level 5, 512k chunk, algorithm 2 [4/3] [UUU_] unused devices: <none>

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• Virtual machines with failover setup

  - by kimmmo

  We have three servers and our plan is to run a number of virtual machines on them in such manner, that if one of the nodes blow up, we can either quickly or seamlessly get a spare running on another node. In addition to the normal networking, they're interconnected via dual 10Gbit NIC's, so networked raid/mirroring shouldn't be a problem. The guest VM's are mostly going to be running text mode linux, but of course it wouldn't hurt to be able to spin up a non-mission critical windows guest for running Visual Studio or checking IE compatibility of a web app. We've spent some time trying to get some magical cloud setup running using Stackops and Crowbar but it started to look like they were offering way too much and were too complicated for our needs. The next candidate, I think, is Ubuntu 11.04 server + KVM + Ganeti + Drbd, unless you can come up with a suggestion for a better solution that we have missed. Requirements: Installation should be simple or at least understandable without being in the dev team A browser interface for creating and managing VM's is a nice bonus Single node's hardware failure should cause minimal downtime for VM's that were running on that node Adding more nodes should be possible without shutting down the VM's.

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• Ubuntu VM "read only file system" fix?

  - by David

  I was going to install VMWare tools on an Ubuntu server Virtual Machine, but I ran into the issue of not being able to create a cdrom directory in the /mnt directory. I then tested to see if it was just a permissions issue, but I couldn't even create a folder in the home directory. It continues to state that it is a read only file system. I know a little about Linux, and I'm not comfortable with it yet. Any advice would be much appreciated. Requested Information from a comment: username@servername:~$ mount /dev/sda1 on / type ext4 (rw,errors=remount-ro) proc on /proc type proc (rw) none on /sys type sysfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) none on /sys/fs/fuse/connections type fusectl (rw) none on /sys/kernel/debug type debugfs (rw) none on /sys/kernel/security type securityfs (rw) udev on /dev type tmpfs (rw,mode=0755) none on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,noexec,nosuid,gid=5,mode=0620) none on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev) none on /var/run type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,mode=0755) none on /var/lock type tmpfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) none on /lib/init/rw type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,mode=0755) binfmt_misc on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) For sure root output. root@server01:~# mount /dev/sda1 on / type ext4 (rw,errors=remount-ro) proc on /proc type proc (rw) none on /sys type sysfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) none on /sys/fs/fuse/connections type fusectl (rw) none on /sys/kernel/debug type debugfs (rw) none on /sys/kernel/security type securityfs (rw) udev on /dev type tmpfs (rw,mode=0755) none on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,noexec,nosuid,gid=5,mode=0620) none on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev) none on /var/run type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,mode=0755) none on /var/lock type tmpfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) none on /lib/init/rw type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,mode=0755) binfmt_misc on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev)

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• How to tell statd to use portmap on a non-localhost ipadress?

  - by jneves

  How can I make statd connect to other IP address other than 127.0.0.1? I have a server that is connected to 2 different networks (one is public, another a private). I want it to provide a NFS share for only the private network. The host in an ubuntu 8.04. The private ip address is 192.168.1.202 I changed /etc/default/portmap to add: OPTIONS="-i 192.168.1.202" The command lsof -n | grep portmap returns: portmap 10252 daemon cwd DIR 202,0 4096 2 / portmap 10252 daemon rtd DIR 202,0 4096 2 / portmap 10252 daemon txt REG 202,0 15248 13461 /sbin/portmap portmap 10252 daemon mem REG 202,0 83708 32823 /lib/tls/i686/cmov/libnsl-2.7.so portmap 10252 daemon mem REG 202,0 1364388 32817 /lib/tls/i686/cmov/libc-2.7.so portmap 10252 daemon mem REG 202,0 31304 16588 /lib/libwrap.so.0.7.6 portmap 10252 daemon mem REG 202,0 109152 16955 /lib/ld-2.7.so portmap 10252 daemon 0u CHR 1,3 960 /dev/null portmap 10252 daemon 1u CHR 1,3 960 /dev/null portmap 10252 daemon 2u CHR 1,3 960 /dev/null portmap 10252 daemon 3u unix 0xecc8c3c0 4332992 socket portmap 10252 daemon 4u IPv4 4332993 UDP 192.168.1.202:sunrpc portmap 10252 daemon 5u IPv4 4332994 TCP 192.168.1.202:sunrpc (LISTEN) portmap 10252 daemon 6u REG 0,12 289 3821511 /var/run/portmap_mapping I defined in /etc/hosts the following: 192.168.1.202 server.local In /etc/default/nfs-common I changed STATDOPTS to: STATDOPTS="--name server.local" Yet when I run /etc/init.d/nfs-common start if fails to start. The log shows: Jun 8 06:37:44 cookwork-web1 rpc.statd[9723]: Version 1.1.2 Starting Jun 8 06:37:44 cookwork-web1 rpc.statd[9723]: Flags: Jun 8 06:37:44 cookwork-web1 rpc.statd[9723]: unable to register (statd, 1, udp). An strace -f rpc.statd -n server.local results in a lot of lines, including this one: sendto(9, "\200]3\362\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\2\0\1\206\240\0\0\0\2\0\0\0\1"..., 56, 0, {sa_family=AF_INET, sin_port=htons(111), sin_addr=inet_addr("127.0.0.1")}, 16) = 56

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• How can I mount dd image of a partition?

  - by Puneet Arora

  I created a dd image of a partition (containing an HFS+ FS) of one of my disks (and not the entire disk) a few days ago using the following command - dd conv=sync,noerror bs=8k if=/dev/sdc2 of=/path/to/img How can I mount it? I tried the following but it doesn't work - mount -o loop,ro -t hfsplus /path/to/img /path/to/mntDir It gives me mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/loop1, missing codepage or helper program, or other error In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try dmesg | tail or so and dmesg | tail gives me - [5248455.568479] hfs: invalid secondary volume header [5248455.568494] hfs: unable to find HFS+ superblock [5248462.674836] hfs: invalid secondary volume header [5248462.674843] hfs: unable to find HFS+ superblock [5248550.672105] hfs: invalid secondary volume header [5248550.672115] hfs: unable to find HFS+ superblock [5248993.612026] hfs: unable to find HFS+ superblock [5248998.103385] hfs: unable to find HFS+ superblock [5249031.441359] hfs: unable to find HFS+ superblock [5249036.274864] hfs: unable to find HFS+ superblock Is there something wrong that I am doing? I tried searching on how to do this but all the results I get only talk about mounting a partition from within a full disk image, using the offset option with mount - none talk about the case where the image itself is that of a partition. Thanks. PS: I'm running 64bit Arch Linux, and the partition from the original disk /dev/sdc2 mounts fine.

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• ScreenShare: command line and observe only.

  - by Shyam

  Hi, I have a wide TV screen that is attached to a Mac Mini. I am able to use this screen as a second screen using an application like ScreenRecycler. However, Sometimes I want to demonstrate what I am doing on my box on this TV screen. As this TV is attached to a Mac Mini, I want to have a screen sharing done reversed. As I know screen share can be done in observe mode and full screen, this would be more than sufficient. Because it would be pretty useless to run it continuously, I want it on demand. For this, I want to use SSH. So the only thing I would like to know is, how do I start screen sharing in from a Terminal Session. On Windows, I could start an application by using "start notepad.exe", I am looking for something similar. Eventually, I want to make this work on other boxes too. Thanks for your help!

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• Cannot properly read files on the local server

  - by Andrew Bestic

  I'm running a RedHat 6.2 Amazon EC2 instance using stock Apache and IUS PHP53u+MySQL (+mbstring, +mysqli, +mcrypt), and phpMyAdmin from git. All configuration is near-vanilla, assuming the described installation procedure. I've been trying to import SQL files into the database using phpMyAdmin to read them from a directory on my server. phpMyAdmin lists the files fine in the drop down, but returns a "File could not be read" error when actually trying to import. Furthermore, when trying to execute file_get_contents(); on the file, it also returns a "failed to open stream: Permission denied" error. In fact, when my brother was attempting to import the SQL files using MySQL "SOURCE" as an authenticated MySQL user with ALL PRIVILEGES, he was getting an error reading the file. It seems that we are unable to read/import these files with ANY method other than root under SSH (although I can't say I've tried every possible method). I have never had this issue under regular CentOS (5, 6, 6.2) installations with the same LAMP stack configuration. Some things I've tried after searching Google and StackExchange: CHMOD 0777 both directory and files, CHOWN root, apache (only two users I can think of that PHP would use), Importing SQL files with total size under both upload_max_filesize and post_max_size, PHP open_basedir commented out, or = "/var/www" (my sites are using Apache VirtualHosts within that directory, and all the SQL files are deep within that directory), PHP safe mode is OFF (it was never ON) At the moment I have solved this issue with the smaller files by using the FILE UPLOAD method directly to phpMyAdmin, but this will not be suitable for uploading my 200+ MiB SQL files as I don't have a stable Internet connection. Any light you could shed on this situation would be greatly appreciated. I'm fair with Linux, and for the things that do stump me, Google usually has an answer. Not this time, though!

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• Managing per-user rc.d init scripts

  - by Steve Schnepp

  I want to delegate SysV init scripts to each user. Like the SysV init, each item in ${HOME}/rc.d starting with S will be launched on server start-up with the start argument. The same for the server shut-down with the one starting with K and with the stop argument. I thought about scripting it myself, but maybe there is already some kind of implementation out there1. In summary it would be a script in /etc/init.d/ that iterates through all the users and launches runparts as the user on the relevant scripts. The platform here is a Linux (Debian flavour), but I think the solution would be quite portable among various Unix-like platforms. Update: The point here is for users to be able to create their own init scripts that should be launch on their behalf when the system boots up. As Dan Carley pointed out, the services won't be able to access any system asset (priviledged ports, system logs, ...). 1. This way I don't have to think that much about all the subtle security implications such as script timeouts for example...

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• 0% CPU in top for all processes, but load average > 1

  - by chrisdew

  On two different servers (with Ubuntu 12.04LTS AMD64) I have seen the following behaviour: op - 10:50:05 up 305 days, 21:17, 1 user, load average: 1.94, 2.52, 2.97 Tasks: 141 total, 2 running, 139 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 41.5%us, 6.5%sy, 0.0%ni, 51.8%id, 0.0%wa, 0.2%hi, 0.1%si, 0.0%st Mem: 8178432k total, 5753740k used, 2424692k free, 159480k buffers Swap: 15625208k total, 0k used, 15625208k free, 4905292k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 1 root 20 0 23928 2072 1216 S 0 0.0 0:56.42 init 2 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.01 kthreadd 3 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:01.23 migration/0 4 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 2:39.82 ksoftirqd/0 5 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/0 6 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:02.99 migration/1 7 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 2:32.15 ksoftirqd/1 8 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/1 9 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:11.67 migration/2 10 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 29:00.34 ksoftirqd/2 The server is working fine, but top shows all processes as using 0% CPU. A reboot fixed this on an earlier machine, but I haven't yet tried it on this one. I have tried top several times, and so am sure that I haven't accidentally pressed '<' or '' to sort by a different column. Sorting the process list by all of the available columns, stills shows 0% CPU for all displayed processes. What is going on? If this a kernel bug? Update: If I use top -p <PID> for a know, busy process, top still displays 0% CPU for that process.

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• How do I ensure a process is running, even if it kills itself? (it needs to be restarted then)

  - by le_me

  I'm using linux. I want a process (an irc bot) to run every time I start the computer. But I've got a problem: The network is bad and it disconnects often, so I need to manually restart the bot a few times a day. How do I automate that? Additional information: The bot creates a pid file, called bot.pid The bot reconnects itself, but only a few times. The network is too bad, so the bot kills itself sometimes because it gets no response. What I do currently (aka my approach ;) ) I have a cron job executing startbot.rb every 5 minutes. (The script itself is in the same directory as the bot) The script: #!/usr/bin/ruby require 'fileutils' if File.exists?(File.expand_path('tmp/bot.pid')) @pid = File.read(File.expand_path('tmp/bot.pid')).chomp!.to_i begin raise "ouch" if Process.kill(0, @pid) != 1 rescue puts "Removing abandoned pid file" FileUtils.rm(File.expand_path('tmp/bot.pid')) puts "Starting the bot!" Kernel.exec(File.expand_path('./bot.rb')) else puts "Bot up and running!" end else puts "Starting the bot!" Kernel.exec(File.expand_path('./bot.rb')) end What this does: It checks if the pid file exists, if that's true it checks if kill -s 0 BOT_PID == 1 (if the bot's running) and starts the bot if one of the two checks fail/are not true. My approach seems to be quite dirty so how do I do it better?

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• Multimaster Keepalived Configuration (Virtual IP with Load Balancing)

  - by Rad Akefirad

  Here are requirements: 1. High Availability 2. Load Balancing First configuration 1. Two linux servers have been configured with one static IP for each: 10.17.243.11, 10.17.243.12 2. Keepalived has been installed and configured with one VRRP instance to provide one virtual IP (10.17.243.10 as VIP, 10.17.243.11 as master and 10.17.243.12 as backup). 3. Everything works fine. The VIP is assigned to the master server (10.17.243.11) as long as it is up and running. As soon as it goes down, the VIP will be assigned to the backup server (10.17.243.12). 4. The problem here is all communication goes to the master server. Second configuration 1. I found active-active configuration for Keepalived which is possible by defining more than one VRRP instance. So that both server have two IPs (real 10.17.243.11 and virtual 10.17.243.10 for server #1 and real 10.17.243.12 and virtual 10.17.243.20 for server #2. 2. Everything works fine. we have two VIPs which are accessible (HA). But all communication coming to each IP still goes to one single machine (either server #1 or #2 depending on the IP). However I found some tricks on the DNS to overcome this limitation. But it's not acceptable in our case. Question: Is there any way to have one virtual IP which is assigned to both servers? By that I mean both servers are handling some part of workload (like the thing we do in web server load balancing)? By using either keepalived or some other tools? Thanks in advance.

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• LVM and cloning HDs

  - by jcea

  Using Linux, I have several backup levels. One of them is a periodical sector by sector copy (using dd) of my laptop harddisk to an external USB disk. Yes, I have other backups too, like remote rsync. This approach (the disk dd) is OK when cloning a HDD with no LVM volumes, since I can plug the external disk anytime and mount the partitions simply mounting /dev/sdb* instead of /dev/sda*. Trivial and handy. Today I moved ALL my harddisk (including the /boot) to LVM. Everything works fine. I will stress it for a couple of days, and then I will do a sector by sector copy to my external harddisk. Now I have a problem, I guess. If in the future I plug the external USB HDD to recover any file, the OS will detect a duplicate LVM configuration, with the same name and the same UUID. Even doing a vgrename (which LVM would be renamed, the internal HDD or the external HDD?), the cloned UUID will not change. Is there any command to change name and UUID? Ideally I would clone the HDD and then change the LVM group name and its UUID, but I don't know how to do it. Another related issue would be... In the past I have booted my laptop using the external disk, using the BIOS boot menu and changing GRUB entries manually to boot from /dev/sdb instead of /dev/sda. But now my current GRUB configuration boots directly from a LVM logical volume, something like: set root='(LVM-root)' in my grub.cfg. So... What is going to happen with duplicated volumes? Any suggestion? I guess I could repartition my external harddisk and change backup strategy from dd to rsync, but this disk has windows installed too, and I really would like to have a physical "real" copy.

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• SSH into remote server using Public-private keys

  - by maria

  Hi, I have recently setup ssh on two linux machines (lets call them server-a, client-b). I have generated two ssh auth files on client-b machine using ssh key gen and can see both public and private files in .ssh dir. I have named them 'example' and 'example.pub'. Then I have added example.pub to sever-a's auth file. When I try to ssh into server-a it still requests a password authentication where as I want a password less login (private key on client-b is setup without password). When I try to ssh with '-v' .. get the following output: debug1: Next authentication method: publickey debug1: Trying private key: /Users/abc/.ssh/identity debug1: Offering public key: /Users/abc/.ssh/id_rsa debug2: we sent a publickey packet, wait for reply debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,keyboard-interactive debug1: Offering public key: /Users/abc/.ssh/id_dsa debug2: we sent a publickey packet, wait for reply debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,keyboard-interactive debug2: we did not send a packet, disable method debug1: Next authentication method: keyboard-interactive debug2: userauth_kbdint debug2: we sent a keyboard-interactive packet, wait for reply debug2: input_userauth_info_req debug2: input_userauth_info_req: num_prompts 1 Password: Please help.

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• Provisioning DELL servers using only linux tools

  - by Krist van Besien

  We have taken delivery of a bunch off Dell Poweredge Rack servers. Unfortunately when ordering it was neglegted to ask for dhcp to be enabled in the built in iDRAC controlers... So they are all stuck on the same IP address. Which means that I'll have to go to each of them individually and configure a new IP in the console... In the future I want to avoid that. Now Dell proposes to deliver the next batch with auto discovery enabled. As I understand this means that when the machine wakes up for the first time the iDRAC will request a DHCP address. The DHCP server then supposedly also provides a "provisioning" server, that provides it with a username and password, and a configuration to be applied. This would allow us to for example configure things like RAID automatically. However, I can't seem to find a way to set up such a provisioning server that does not involve setting up a windows machine. I want to use Linux tools exclusively. Is there a way to do this? I want to just rack servers, switch them on, and then do everything remotely. And that using only linux tools?

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• Nginx and automatic updates

  - by Desmond Hume

  I'm on Ubuntu 12.04.1 with unattended-upgrades configured for automatic security updates, and I installed Nginx by first adding deb http://nginx.org/packages/ubuntu/ lucid nginx deb-src http://nginx.org/packages/ubuntu/ lucid nginx to /etc/apt/sources.list file, just as was suggested by the official wiki, and then by sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install nginx which installed Nginx with all the standard modules. But now I think I could make good use of one or two of the Nginx optional modules, like the gzip precompression module or some security-related one. So far, I see two ways of adding an optional module to Nginx, one is compiling and installing from the source code and the other is described in this article. So, which of the ways should I choose so that automatic updates still run for and apply to Nginx and its optional modules? Or should I create a cron job with a command/script specific for Nginx instead of using unattended-upgrades utility? Can I choose between volume updates and security-only updates to be automatically applied to the standard and optional modules? And finally, is there a possibility to automatically update Nginx's modules on the fly (without any connections having been dropped), like the documentation suggests it's possible with sudo kill -USR2 $( cat /run/nginx.pid ) P.S. Actually I'm not certain if unattended-upgrades utility would automatically update the standard modules in the first place, not enough time has passed since Nginx was installed to say for sure.

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• Scripting an 'empty' password in /etc/shadow

  - by paddy

  I've written a script to add CVS and SVN users on a Linux server (Slackware 14.0). This script creates the user if necessary, and either copies the user's SSH key from an existing shell account or generates a new SSH key. Just to be clear, the accounts are specifically for SVN or CVS. So the entry in /home/${username}/.ssh/authorized_keys begins with (using CVS as an example): command="/usr/bin/cvs server",no-port-forwarding,no-agent-forwarding,no-X11-forwarding,no-pty ssh-rsa ....etc...etc...etc... Actual shell access will never be allowed for these users - they are purely there to provide access to our source repositories via SSH. My problem is that when I add a new user, they get an empty password in /etc/shadow by default. It looks like: paddycvs:!:15679:0:99999:7::: If I leave the shadow file as is (with the !), SSH authentication fails. To enable SSH, I must first run passwd for the new user and enter something. I have two issues with doing that. First, it requires user input which I can't allow in this script. Second, it potentially allows the user to login at the physical terminal (if they have physical access, which they might, and know the secret password -- okay, so that's unlikely). The way I normally prevent users from logging in is to set their shell to /bin/false, but if I do that then SSH doesn't work either! Does anyone have a suggestion for scripting this? Should I simply use sed or something and replace the relevant line in the shadow file with a preset encrypted secret password string? Or is there a better way? Cheers =)

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• Notebook Operating System with extreme support cycles/security updates

  - by leto

  Hello there, after reading the announcements about Mac OS X "Lion" and Apples political decision, I've had enough. I'm a longtime Apple User since 1992, have always felt at home there, but am trying to switch to alternative Operating System since a year. I've also been working with Unix machines since 2001, so I'm looking in one of the free Unices or a Linux. Since I last looked at the desktop in 2002 choke much has changed, it seems. So I'm lost once more in the war between desktop environments and software. To be honest: I don't care what it's name is, I want to get my job done. Here's what I set me as landmark for an operating system/software to be considered: Has to be atleast four years old Has to supply security updates for current release for atleast a year Production quality stability for the whole desktop environment (!) No f****g commercial stuff that tends to supply me with privacy invading App Store or Cloud space So far I'm running a MacBook from 2007, 4 Gig memory, 250 Gig disk and I need: IMAPs for Mail since 1995 Webbrowser sic Shell Keeping current with Updates/Upgrades with no more than 5 Minutes spent in entering commands (makes it hard for OpenBSD ;-) ) A desktop filemanger would be nice, but is a bonus. What can you suggest as operating system? The one with the longest support cycles and best chance to survive the next 10 years will win a new user, even sending patches when needed :-) Greets

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