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• Degraded RAID-5 array with lvm2 lost superblock and partition table

  - by Fred Phillips

  I have a RAID-5 array of 4x1TB hard disks with one lvm2 partition on Ubuntu Linux 10.04 LTS. One of the disks has failed. I have re-assembled the array without this failed disk but now mdadm --examine claims the array has no superblock and fdisk says it has no partition table. What can I do to recover the data? # mdadm -D /dev/md0 /dev/md0: Version : 1.2 Creation Time : Sat Mar 5 14:43:49 2011 Raid Level : raid5 Array Size : 2930276352 (2794.53 GiB 3000.60 GB) Used Dev Size : 976758784 (931.51 GiB 1000.20 GB) Raid Devices : 4 Total Devices : 4 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Sat Mar 5 15:06:49 2011 State : clean, degraded Active Devices : 3 Working Devices : 3 Failed Devices : 1 Spare Devices : 0 Layout : left-symmetric Chunk Size : 512K Name : boba:1 (local to host boba) UUID : 52eb4bc9:c3d8aab5:e0699505:e0e1aa05 Events : 18 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 8 1 0 active sync /dev/sda1 1 8 65 1 active sync /dev/sde1 2 8 49 2 active sync /dev/sdd1 3 0 0 3 removed 4 8 17 - faulty spare /dev/sdb1 # mdadm --examine /dev/md0 mdadm: No md superblock detected on /dev/md0. # fdisk -l /dev/md0 Disk /dev/md0: 3000.6 GB, 3000602984448 bytes 2 heads, 4 sectors/track, 732569088 cylinders Units = cylinders of 8 * 512 = 4096 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 524288 bytes / 1572864 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/md0 doesn't contain a valid partition table # cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [linear] [multipath] [raid0] [raid1] [raid10] md0 : active raid5 sdb1[4](F) sda1[0] sdd1[2] sde1[1] 2930276352 blocks super 1.2 level 5, 512k chunk, algorithm 2 [4/3] [UUU_] unused devices: <none>

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• Not able to find scripts present in /etc/profile.d directory [on hold]

  - by priya

  I am using Red Hat Linux 6.0 ... using davinchi board. I have to change system clock resolution so I am changing (HZ) env var. For this I have written script so that I can change HZ = 1000 n insert that script in /etc/profile.d and write code for loop in /etc/profile so that while running as usual /etc/profile can load the scripts present in /etc/profile.d. But when I am logging into the system at root level then showing error as "-bash: ./etc/profile.d/resolution.sh(my script name): No such file or directory Also here why it is showing ./etc and not /etc . Is something related to that?? Also I tried to add script in /etc/init.d but still no change in value of HZ takes place. Please tell where to change so that this env var can get changed. The script(resolution.sh) written has :- #!/bin/bash export HZ=1000 The content of /etc/profile which I entered is: if [ -d /etc/profile.d ]; then for i in /etc/profile.d/*.sh; do if [ -r $i ]; then .$i fi done unset i fi And the output of grep command is -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 535 Feb 4 2004 profile -rwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Feb 2 2004 profile.d

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• Which is the fastest way to move 1Petabyte from one storage to a new one?

  - by marc.riera

  First of all, thanks for reading, and sorry for asking something related to my job. I understand that this is something that I should solve by myself but as you will see its something a bit difficult. A small description: Now Storage = 1PB using DDN S2A9900 storage for the OSTs, 4 OSS , 10 GigE network. (lustre 1.6) 100 compute nodes with 2x Infiniband 1 infiniband switch with 36 ports After Storage = Previous storage + another 1PB using DDN S2A 990 or LSI E5400 (still to decide) (lustre 2.0) 8 OSS , 10GigE network 100 compute nodes with 2x Infiniband Previous experience: transfered 120 TB in less than 3 days using following command: tar -C /old --record-size 2048 -b 2048 -cf - dir | tar -C /new --record-size 2048 -b 2048 -xvf - 2>&1 | tee /tmp/dir.log So , big problem here, using big mathematical equations I conclude that we are going to need 1 month to transfer the data from one side to the new one. During this time the researchers will need to step back, and I'm personally not happy with this. I'm telling you that we have infiniband connections because I think that may be there is a chance to use it to transfer the data using 18 compute nodes (18 * 2 IB = 36 ports) to transfer the data from one storage to the other. I'm trying to figure out if the IB switch will handle all the traffic but in case it just burn up will go faster than using 10GigE. Also, having lustre 1.6 and 2.0 agents on same server works quite well, with this there is no need to go by 1.8 to upgrade the metadata servers with two steps. Any ideas? Many thanks Note 1: Zoredache, we can divide it in two blocks (A)600Tb and (B)400Tb. The idea is to move (A) to new storage which is lustre2.0 formated, then format where (A) was with lustre2.0 and move (B) to this lustre2.0 block and extend with the space where (B) was. This way we will end with (A) and (B) on separate filesystems, with 1PB each.

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• Ways to have audio output without wires

  - by viraptor

  I'm trying to find a way of using my home speakers/amp without actually having to connect them. There are two laptops that use them normally (so I don't like changing the connection all the time) and I'd rather move the speakers to a place that's away from the couch. I'm not sure how to do this though... The options I can think of are: some kind of wireless jack-jack connection finally getting a media server Unfortunately I can't find any good product for the first solution. I've seen some headphones which have the receiver integrated and a separate transmitted, so in general the idea is already out there, just not the way I need ;) I've seen also http://www.miccus.com/products/blubridge-mini-jack, but I'd have to have a compatible receiver which I can't find on its own (maybe there's some application that the media server could use?). As far as media server goes... many of the plug servers look really interesting, but I'm not sure how to create an audio output and how to redirect the input really. None of the plug servers I've seen so far advertises the option of audio output jack port. I think this part could be fixed by getting one with an usb port and a separate cheap usb soundcard. I hope that input can be sorted out in some rather simple way. I've got Linux running on both laptops so I hope that would be possible to configure jack/pulse/whatever to use the remote endpoint, or even write a simple local-/dev/dsp:network:media-server-/dev/dsp forwarder. So the main question is... are there better ways? Are there any out of the box solutions? Or maybe this was already done by someone and described somewhere?

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• management network to a network port for additional ones munin and monit

  - by paolo

  management network to a network port for additional ones munin and monit I want to build a separate Netzwek for server management. I have several network cards a linux / debian / ubuntu with computer. Set both network cards sin in the /etc/network/interfaces. # The primary network interface #allow-hotplug eth0 #iface eth0 inet dhcp auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 10.0.0.240 netmast 255.255.255.0 network 10.0.0.0 brodacast 10.0.0.255 gateway 10.0.0.254 auto eth1 iface eth1 inet static address 10.0.10.240 netmast 255.255.255.0 network 10.0.10.0 brodacast 10.0.10.255 post-up ip route add 10.0.0.0/24 dev eth0 src 10.0.0.240 table eth0-WAN post-up ip route add default via 10.0.0.254 table eth0-WAN post-up ip route add 10.0.10.0/24 dev eth1 src 10.0.10.240 table eth1-LAN post-up ip route add default via 10.0.10.200 table eth1-LAN post-up ip rule add from 10.0.0.240 table eth0-WAN post-up ip rule add from 10.0.10.240 table eth1-LAN still i adjusted / etc/iproute2/rt_tables and following routes set up in the /etc/network/interfaces I want to have both applications and the network interface separately as munin and monit only on eth1 and not have to eth0. it goes to the reboot but sometimes not always. # Traceroute-i eth1 10.0.10.200 not go what am I doing wrong?

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• X.org - mouse gets stuck on press

  - by grawity

  I'm using Arch Linux. Very often, when I click on something, the OS thing sees the mouse press but not the release. If it was a link or file I clicked, moving the cursor would drag it too. Hammering the same mouse button again gives no effect. Usually, if I tap the touchpad (ALPS), the system finally sees both press and release of that, and I can continue working. (This might be because it uses a different driver - synaptics instead of evdev.) As you can imagine, this is quite annoying even for someone who spends 70% of his life in front of a terminal app. This is not a mouse issue - I'm on a laptop, and this affects both the Trackpoint thing and an external USB mouse. This is not a DE or window manager issue - I have used GNOME (with Metacity, Compiz and Xfwm4), Xfce (with Metacity and Xfwm4), mwm, twm, awesome, and wmii. Doesn't seem to be a hardware thing - after rebooting into Windows XP, everything works fine. hal is used for the auto-configuration of devices (as I have to disconnect the USB mouse often), so Xorg.conf really has nothing of relevance. Xorg -version shows: X.Org X Server 1.6.3.901 (1.6.4 RC 1) Release Date: 2009-8-25 X Protocol Version 11, Revision 0 If it changes anything, the laptop is stone-age Dell Latitude C840. I kinda suspect either hal or the evdev thing to cause it, but I really have no ideas on what to check further. In other words, HALP!#$ This thing is driving me nuts.

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• Ubuntu VM "read only file system" fix?

  - by David

  I was going to install VMWare tools on an Ubuntu server Virtual Machine, but I ran into the issue of not being able to create a cdrom directory in the /mnt directory. I then tested to see if it was just a permissions issue, but I couldn't even create a folder in the home directory. It continues to state that it is a read only file system. I know a little about Linux, and I'm not comfortable with it yet. Any advice would be much appreciated. Requested Information from a comment: username@servername:~$ mount /dev/sda1 on / type ext4 (rw,errors=remount-ro) proc on /proc type proc (rw) none on /sys type sysfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) none on /sys/fs/fuse/connections type fusectl (rw) none on /sys/kernel/debug type debugfs (rw) none on /sys/kernel/security type securityfs (rw) udev on /dev type tmpfs (rw,mode=0755) none on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,noexec,nosuid,gid=5,mode=0620) none on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev) none on /var/run type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,mode=0755) none on /var/lock type tmpfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) none on /lib/init/rw type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,mode=0755) binfmt_misc on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) For sure root output. root@server01:~# mount /dev/sda1 on / type ext4 (rw,errors=remount-ro) proc on /proc type proc (rw) none on /sys type sysfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) none on /sys/fs/fuse/connections type fusectl (rw) none on /sys/kernel/debug type debugfs (rw) none on /sys/kernel/security type securityfs (rw) udev on /dev type tmpfs (rw,mode=0755) none on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,noexec,nosuid,gid=5,mode=0620) none on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev) none on /var/run type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,mode=0755) none on /var/lock type tmpfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) none on /lib/init/rw type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,mode=0755) binfmt_misc on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev)

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• Virtual machines with failover setup

  - by kimmmo

  We have three servers and our plan is to run a number of virtual machines on them in such manner, that if one of the nodes blow up, we can either quickly or seamlessly get a spare running on another node. In addition to the normal networking, they're interconnected via dual 10Gbit NIC's, so networked raid/mirroring shouldn't be a problem. The guest VM's are mostly going to be running text mode linux, but of course it wouldn't hurt to be able to spin up a non-mission critical windows guest for running Visual Studio or checking IE compatibility of a web app. We've spent some time trying to get some magical cloud setup running using Stackops and Crowbar but it started to look like they were offering way too much and were too complicated for our needs. The next candidate, I think, is Ubuntu 11.04 server + KVM + Ganeti + Drbd, unless you can come up with a suggestion for a better solution that we have missed. Requirements: Installation should be simple or at least understandable without being in the dev team A browser interface for creating and managing VM's is a nice bonus Single node's hardware failure should cause minimal downtime for VM's that were running on that node Adding more nodes should be possible without shutting down the VM's.

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• Is Unix not a PC Operating System?

  - by Corelgott

  I am doing my Bachelor at a university. In a written assignment the professor posted the task: "Name 3 PC-Operating Systems". Well, I went on an included a variety of OS (Linux, Windows, OSx) including Unix & Solaris. Today I recieved a mail from my prof saying: Unix is not a PC-Operating System. Many Unix-variants are not PC-hardware compatible (like AIX & HP-UX. About Solaris: there was one PC-compatible version...) I am kind of suprised: Even if may Unix-variants are Power-PC and different bit-order – Those don't stop being PCs now, right? The question was given in a written assigment! It was not a question that came up during lecture! Due to the original task being in German, I'll include it just to make sure nobody suspects an error in the translation. Frage: Nennen Sie 3 PC-Betriebssysteme. Antwort: Unix ist kein PC-Betriebssystem, viele Unix-Varianten sind nicht auf PC-Hardware lauffähig (AIX, HP-UX). Von Solaris gab es mal eine PC-Variante.

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• LVM and cloning HDs

  - by jcea

  Using Linux, I have several backup levels. One of them is a periodical sector by sector copy (using dd) of my laptop harddisk to an external USB disk. Yes, I have other backups too, like remote rsync. This approach (the disk dd) is OK when cloning a HDD with no LVM volumes, since I can plug the external disk anytime and mount the partitions simply mounting /dev/sdb* instead of /dev/sda*. Trivial and handy. Today I moved ALL my harddisk (including the /boot) to LVM. Everything works fine. I will stress it for a couple of days, and then I will do a sector by sector copy to my external harddisk. Now I have a problem, I guess. If in the future I plug the external USB HDD to recover any file, the OS will detect a duplicate LVM configuration, with the same name and the same UUID. Even doing a vgrename (which LVM would be renamed, the internal HDD or the external HDD?), the cloned UUID will not change. Is there any command to change name and UUID? Ideally I would clone the HDD and then change the LVM group name and its UUID, but I don't know how to do it. Another related issue would be... In the past I have booted my laptop using the external disk, using the BIOS boot menu and changing GRUB entries manually to boot from /dev/sdb instead of /dev/sda. But now my current GRUB configuration boots directly from a LVM logical volume, something like: set root='(LVM-root)' in my grub.cfg. So... What is going to happen with duplicated volumes? Any suggestion? I guess I could repartition my external harddisk and change backup strategy from dd to rsync, but this disk has windows installed too, and I really would like to have a physical "real" copy.

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• KVM and JBoss Java Application Server

  - by Jason

  We have a large Xen deployment running on both RHEL and CentOS and have recently started looking at KVM since this is where it looks like the future of VM's are on Linux. We can load the server and get everything running without an issue. However when we load up a new one with JBoss (4.2 Community edition, Sun JDK 6) and load a large EAR the server goes a little crazy. The %sy will jump to 80-99% and just hang for large periods of time we see a similar jump in %us on the host machine. We though at first this might be I/O as it seems to happen at start of JBoss but then would "cool down" after everything got loaded. We did some tests by extracting some large tar.gz files and using jar -xvf on the ear but could not re-create. Then we starting thinking this might be some type of memory access issues. We loaded a c-program that would generate a lot of memory activity and sure enough we saw the spikes again. Not as high mind you but we did see it jump. We then wrote a small java program to do the same thing and sure enough we saw it jump again. Any thoughts on what might be causing this? Is this just the way KVM works? As a side note we do NOT see this behavior on any other setup. Xen, VMWare and/or native iron. The system does seem a bit slower than our Xen / VMware ones.

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• Missing MB on a GPT partioned SSD

  - by pisswillis

  I recently installed Arch Linux on an Intel 40GB SSD. I used GPT for partioning (via GNU parted) and created the following partions: /dev/sda1 : 1 MB, no FS, flag=bios_grub /dev/sda2 : 30MB, /boot, ext2, flag=boot /dev/sda3 : 20GB, /home, ext4 /dev/sda4 : ~20GB, /, ext4 After struggling to install grub2 from the livecd environment (which I finally did via grub-install /dev/sda --root-directory=/mnt/ --no-floppy --force) I got a working system. However, when I was inspecting disk usage with df I noticed that my home partition had around 170MB of used space on it. This surprised me because the only things on /home were one users .bashrc, .bash_history, and .lesshst. du confirmed that there was only a few KB of space being used on /home. Why does df report approximately 170MB being used when du does not? Is this space "gone forever", or can I regain it by repartioning and/or reinstalling? When I installed grub2 it said something along the lines of "your embed area is too small", and that I could "use BLOCKLISTS, but BLOCKLISTS are UNRELIABLE". In the end the only way I could get a system booting from the SSD was to use blocklists via the grub-install --force flag. Is this related to the mysterious missing 170MB? Thanks

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• Write Fedora.iso to USB and boot it from a Macbook

  - by MTilsted

  I have an .iso image of the full Fedora 16 install (Downloaded from http://fedoraproject.org/en/get-fedora-options#formats as "Fedora 16 DVD") and the question now is: How do I write it on a USB stick, so I can install it on my Mac book? I tried using DD as the install guide said, and that gave me a USB stick which can boot from my PC. But it can't boot from the Mac (The Mac start menu don't show it as a boot option). Edit: I downloaded a live install image, and did this (SSD is my USB 4GB thing) /sbin/mkdosfs -F 32 -n usbdisk /dev/dev/sdd1 sudo livecd-iso-to-disk --format --reset-mbr --efi /tmp/download/Fedora-16-i686-Live-KDE.iso /dev/sdd1 And this produced an image which can boot on my pc but not on my mac. This seems to indicate that the --efi is not working, because if it really was EFI it would not boot on a normal pc, would it? I then tried this: (Difference being that I write the image directory to /dev/sdd instead of /dev/sdd1) but this still will not boot on the Mac (it newer shows up at the startup screen on the Mac). sudo livecd-iso-to-disk --format --reset-mbr --efi /tmp/download/Fedora- PS: My host Linux is Fedora 13.

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• How to tell statd to use portmap on a non-localhost ipadress?

  - by jneves

  How can I make statd connect to other IP address other than 127.0.0.1? I have a server that is connected to 2 different networks (one is public, another a private). I want it to provide a NFS share for only the private network. The host in an ubuntu 8.04. The private ip address is 192.168.1.202 I changed /etc/default/portmap to add: OPTIONS="-i 192.168.1.202" The command lsof -n | grep portmap returns: portmap 10252 daemon cwd DIR 202,0 4096 2 / portmap 10252 daemon rtd DIR 202,0 4096 2 / portmap 10252 daemon txt REG 202,0 15248 13461 /sbin/portmap portmap 10252 daemon mem REG 202,0 83708 32823 /lib/tls/i686/cmov/libnsl-2.7.so portmap 10252 daemon mem REG 202,0 1364388 32817 /lib/tls/i686/cmov/libc-2.7.so portmap 10252 daemon mem REG 202,0 31304 16588 /lib/libwrap.so.0.7.6 portmap 10252 daemon mem REG 202,0 109152 16955 /lib/ld-2.7.so portmap 10252 daemon 0u CHR 1,3 960 /dev/null portmap 10252 daemon 1u CHR 1,3 960 /dev/null portmap 10252 daemon 2u CHR 1,3 960 /dev/null portmap 10252 daemon 3u unix 0xecc8c3c0 4332992 socket portmap 10252 daemon 4u IPv4 4332993 UDP 192.168.1.202:sunrpc portmap 10252 daemon 5u IPv4 4332994 TCP 192.168.1.202:sunrpc (LISTEN) portmap 10252 daemon 6u REG 0,12 289 3821511 /var/run/portmap_mapping I defined in /etc/hosts the following: 192.168.1.202 server.local In /etc/default/nfs-common I changed STATDOPTS to: STATDOPTS="--name server.local" Yet when I run /etc/init.d/nfs-common start if fails to start. The log shows: Jun 8 06:37:44 cookwork-web1 rpc.statd[9723]: Version 1.1.2 Starting Jun 8 06:37:44 cookwork-web1 rpc.statd[9723]: Flags: Jun 8 06:37:44 cookwork-web1 rpc.statd[9723]: unable to register (statd, 1, udp). An strace -f rpc.statd -n server.local results in a lot of lines, including this one: sendto(9, "\200]3\362\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\2\0\1\206\240\0\0\0\2\0\0\0\1"..., 56, 0, {sa_family=AF_INET, sin_port=htons(111), sin_addr=inet_addr("127.0.0.1")}, 16) = 56

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• 0% CPU in top for all processes, but load average > 1

  - by chrisdew

  On two different servers (with Ubuntu 12.04LTS AMD64) I have seen the following behaviour: op - 10:50:05 up 305 days, 21:17, 1 user, load average: 1.94, 2.52, 2.97 Tasks: 141 total, 2 running, 139 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 41.5%us, 6.5%sy, 0.0%ni, 51.8%id, 0.0%wa, 0.2%hi, 0.1%si, 0.0%st Mem: 8178432k total, 5753740k used, 2424692k free, 159480k buffers Swap: 15625208k total, 0k used, 15625208k free, 4905292k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 1 root 20 0 23928 2072 1216 S 0 0.0 0:56.42 init 2 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.01 kthreadd 3 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:01.23 migration/0 4 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 2:39.82 ksoftirqd/0 5 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/0 6 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:02.99 migration/1 7 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 2:32.15 ksoftirqd/1 8 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/1 9 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:11.67 migration/2 10 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 29:00.34 ksoftirqd/2 The server is working fine, but top shows all processes as using 0% CPU. A reboot fixed this on an earlier machine, but I haven't yet tried it on this one. I have tried top several times, and so am sure that I haven't accidentally pressed '<' or '' to sort by a different column. Sorting the process list by all of the available columns, stills shows 0% CPU for all displayed processes. What is going on? If this a kernel bug? Update: If I use top -p <PID> for a know, busy process, top still displays 0% CPU for that process.

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• CentOS Latency High Troubleshooting

  - by Sarah Weinberger

  I have two CentOS servers connected via a 10 Gb fiber optic cable with a network emulator connected between them. All three units sit on a desk in the lab. There is also a regular 1 Gbit Ethernet cable connected to each of the machines, which provide internet connectivity. When I set the latency to something roughly below 30 ms, all is fine. When the latency gets to 70ms and above, and definitely 130ms, the network layer suspends. For instance, if I set the latency (delay) to 70ms, then launching TeamViewer (or any other application that uses network connectivity) never happens or does not work. There is no timeout message, simply no response. I have to lower to latency back down to zero to see any response and have the box start working. What is the problem and how would I go about fixing it? It seems to me some sort of setting in Linux causes one of the CentOS networking drivers to sit in an infinite loop or something. eth0 is the connection to the internet, all settings are default eth2 is the 10 Gbit fiber optic connection to the other computer with the MTU set to 9600 with all other parameters at default values.

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• Nginx and automatic updates

  - by Desmond Hume

  I'm on Ubuntu 12.04.1 with unattended-upgrades configured for automatic security updates, and I installed Nginx by first adding deb http://nginx.org/packages/ubuntu/ lucid nginx deb-src http://nginx.org/packages/ubuntu/ lucid nginx to /etc/apt/sources.list file, just as was suggested by the official wiki, and then by sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install nginx which installed Nginx with all the standard modules. But now I think I could make good use of one or two of the Nginx optional modules, like the gzip precompression module or some security-related one. So far, I see two ways of adding an optional module to Nginx, one is compiling and installing from the source code and the other is described in this article. So, which of the ways should I choose so that automatic updates still run for and apply to Nginx and its optional modules? Or should I create a cron job with a command/script specific for Nginx instead of using unattended-upgrades utility? Can I choose between volume updates and security-only updates to be automatically applied to the standard and optional modules? And finally, is there a possibility to automatically update Nginx's modules on the fly (without any connections having been dropped), like the documentation suggests it's possible with sudo kill -USR2 $( cat /run/nginx.pid ) P.S. Actually I'm not certain if unattended-upgrades utility would automatically update the standard modules in the first place, not enough time has passed since Nginx was installed to say for sure.

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• Multimaster Keepalived Configuration (Virtual IP with Load Balancing)

  - by Rad Akefirad

  Here are requirements: 1. High Availability 2. Load Balancing First configuration 1. Two linux servers have been configured with one static IP for each: 10.17.243.11, 10.17.243.12 2. Keepalived has been installed and configured with one VRRP instance to provide one virtual IP (10.17.243.10 as VIP, 10.17.243.11 as master and 10.17.243.12 as backup). 3. Everything works fine. The VIP is assigned to the master server (10.17.243.11) as long as it is up and running. As soon as it goes down, the VIP will be assigned to the backup server (10.17.243.12). 4. The problem here is all communication goes to the master server. Second configuration 1. I found active-active configuration for Keepalived which is possible by defining more than one VRRP instance. So that both server have two IPs (real 10.17.243.11 and virtual 10.17.243.10 for server #1 and real 10.17.243.12 and virtual 10.17.243.20 for server #2. 2. Everything works fine. we have two VIPs which are accessible (HA). But all communication coming to each IP still goes to one single machine (either server #1 or #2 depending on the IP). However I found some tricks on the DNS to overcome this limitation. But it's not acceptable in our case. Question: Is there any way to have one virtual IP which is assigned to both servers? By that I mean both servers are handling some part of workload (like the thing we do in web server load balancing)? By using either keepalived or some other tools? Thanks in advance.

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• Can any postfix guru assist me determine how emails are still being sent via my server from unauthorized sources?

  - by Dave

  Hi all, I'm getting a little concerned as I run a small server hosting a number of websites and manage the email for a few dozen people. Just recently though I've had a couple of notifications from spamcop alerting me that spam has been sent from my server, and when I have a look over the logs from time to time I can indeed see that there are many repeated attempts of mail being sent from my server. Most of the time it gets knocked back from the destination servers but sometimes its getting through. Unfortunately I'm not linux or postfix expert, I can get by but had though I had my machine locked down quite securely, I don't allow relaying, when I check the online DNS/MX tools they tend to report my server as being OK so I'm not sure where to take it now and hoping someone might be able to throw me a few pointers. I get lots of entries like this in my MAIL.INFO log Jan 2 08:39:34 Debian-50-lenny-64-LAMP postfix/qmgr[15993]: 66B88257C12F: from=<>, size=3116, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Jan 2 08:39:34 Debian-50-lenny-64-LAMP postfix/qmgr[15993]: 614C2257C1BC: from=<[email protected]>, size=2490, nrcpt=3 (queue active) and Jan 7 16:09:37 Debian-50-lenny-64-LAMP postfix/error[6471]: 0A316257C204: to=<[email protected]>, relay=none, delay=384387, delays=384384/3/0/0.01, dsn=4.0.0, status=deferred (delivery temporarily suspended: host mx.fakemx.net[46.4.35.23] refused to talk to me: 421 mx.fakemx.net Service Unavailable) Jan 7 16:09:37 Debian-50-lenny-64-LAMP postfix/error[6470]: 5848C257C20D: to=<[email protected]>, relay=none, delay=384373, delays=384370/3/0/0.01, dsn=4.0.0, status=deferred (delivery temporarily suspended: host mx.fakemx.net[46.4.35.23] refused to talk to me: 421 mx.fakemx.net Service Unavailable) then there tends to be connection timeouts, so from what I see even though I had relaying disabled.. something is getting by and trying to send.. So if you can help that will be greatly appreciated, and any further logging/config info I can supply. Thanks

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• Need help with local network printing while using VPN on Ubuntu 10.10 desktop

  - by MountainX

  I can print to my HP printer via the LAN when I'm not connected to the VPN. When connected to the VPN, printing fails. OpenVPN 2.1.0 x86_64-pc-linux-gnu [SSL] [LZO2] [EPOLL] [PKCS11] [MH] [PF_INET6] [eurephia] built on Jul 12 2010 I can ping the printer while connected to the VPN: $ ping 192.168.100.12 PING 192.168.100.12 (192.168.100.12) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 192.168.100.12: icmp_req=1 ttl=255 time=9.17 ms --- 192.168.100.12 ping statistics --- 2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss... $ ping HpPrinter.local PING HpPrinter.local (192.168.100.12) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from HpPrinter.local (192.168.100.12): icmp_req=1 ttl=255 time=0.383 ms --- HpPrinter.local ping statistics --- 4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss... But here's the error when I try to print while connected to the VPN: hpijs[9990]: io/hpmud/jd.c 784: mdns lookup HpPrinter.local retry 1... ... hpijs[9990]: io/hpmud/jd.c 784: mdns lookup HpPrinter.local retry 20... hpijs[9990]: io/hpmud/jd.c 780: error timeout mdns lookup HpPrinter.local hpijs[9990]: io/hpmud/jd.c 88: unable to read device-id hp[9982]: io/hpmud/jd.c 784: mdns lookup HpPrinter.local retry 1... ... hp[9982]: io/hpmud/jd.c 784: mdns lookup HpPrinter.local retry 20... hp[9982]: io/hpmud/jd.c 780: error timeout mdns lookup HpPrinter.local hp[9982]: io/hpmud/jd.c 88: unable to read device-id hp[9982]: prnt/backend/hp.c 745: ERROR: open device failed stat=12: hp:/net/Officejet_Pro_L7600?zc=HpPrinter I am running iptables rules, but the problem doesn't appear related to the firewall. I've tested with no rules (i.e., no firewall). The printing problem happens when the VPN is connected. I can guess it is an mdns problem, but searching google about mdns didn't turn up anything that seemed related to this (at my level of knowledge). Any suggestions?

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• su not giving proper message for restricted LDAP groups

  - by user1743881

  I have configured PAM authentication on Linux box to restrict particular group only to login. I have enabled pam and ldap through authconfig and modified access.conf like below, [root@test root]# tail -1 /etc/security/access.conf - : ALL EXCEPT root test-auth : ALL Also modified sudoers file, to get su for this group <code> [root@test ~]# tail -1 /etc/sudoers %test-auth ALL=/bin/su</code> Now, only this ldap group members can login to system. However when from any of this authorized user, I tried for su, it asks for password and then though I enter correct password it gives message like Incorrect password and login failed. /var/log/secure shows that user is not having permission to get the access, but then it should print message like Access denied.The way it prints for console login. My functionality is working but its no giving proper messages. Could anyone please help on this. My /etc/pam.d/su file, [root@test root]# cat /etc/pam.d/su #%PAM-1.0 auth sufficient pam_rootok.so # Uncomment the following line to implicitly trust users in the "wheel" group. #auth sufficient pam_wheel.so trust use_uid # Uncomment the following line to require a user to be in the "wheel" group. #auth required pam_wheel.so use_uid auth include system-auth account sufficient pam_succeed_if.so uid = 0 use_uid quiet account include system-auth password include system-auth session include system-auth session optional pam_xauth.so

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• Bridging my laptop's wireless and wired adaptors

  - by stacey.richards

  I would like to be able to connect a desktop computer that does not have a wireless adapter to my wireless network. I could just run a network cable from my ADSL/wireless router to the desktop computer but sometimes this is not practical. What I would really like to do is bridge my laptop's wireless and wired adapters in such a way that I can run a network cable from my laptop to a switch and another network cable from the switch to a desktop computer so that the desktop computer can access the Internet through my ADSL/wireless router via my latop: +--------------------+ |ADSL/wireless router| +--------------------+ | +-------------------------+ |laptop's wireless adaptor| | | |laptop's wired adaptor | +-------------------------+ | +------+ |switch| +------+ | +-----------------------+ |desktop's wired adapter| +-----------------------+ A bit of Googling suggests that I can do this by bridging my laptop's wireless and wired adapters. In Windows XP's Network Connections I select both the Local Area Connection and the Wireless Network Connection, right click and select Bridge Connections. From what I gather, this (layer 2?) bridge will examine the MAC address of traffic coming from the wireless network and pass it through to the wired network if it suspects that a network adapter with that MAC address may be on the wired side, and vice-versa. If this is the case, I would assume that when the desktop computer attempts to get an IP address from a DHCP server (which is running on the ADSL/wireless router), it would send a DHCP broadcast packet which would pass through the laptop's bridge to the router and the reply would return through the laptop's bridge back to the desktop. This doesn't happen. With some more Googling I find some instruction how this can be done with Linux. I reboot to Ubuntu 9.10 and type the following: sudo apt-get install bridge-utils sudo brctl addbr br0 sudo brctl addif br0 wlan0 sudo brctl addif br0 eth0 sudo ipconfig wlan0 0.0.0.0 sudo ipconfig eth0 0.0.0.0 Once again, the desktop cannot reach the ADSL/wireless router. I suspect that I'm missing some simple important step. Can anyone shed some light on this for me?

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• ScreenShare: command line and observe only.

  - by Shyam

  Hi, I have a wide TV screen that is attached to a Mac Mini. I am able to use this screen as a second screen using an application like ScreenRecycler. However, Sometimes I want to demonstrate what I am doing on my box on this TV screen. As this TV is attached to a Mac Mini, I want to have a screen sharing done reversed. As I know screen share can be done in observe mode and full screen, this would be more than sufficient. Because it would be pretty useless to run it continuously, I want it on demand. For this, I want to use SSH. So the only thing I would like to know is, how do I start screen sharing in from a Terminal Session. On Windows, I could start an application by using "start notepad.exe", I am looking for something similar. Eventually, I want to make this work on other boxes too. Thanks for your help!

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• Memeory Leak in Windows Page file when calling a shell command

  - by Arno

  I have an issue on our Windows 2003 x64 Build Server when invoking shell commands from a script. Each call causes a "memory leak" in the page file so it grows quite rapidly until it reaches the maximum and the machine stops working. I can reproduce the problem very nicely by running a perl script like for ($count=1; $count<5000; $count++) { system "echo huhu"; } It is independent of he scripting language as the same happens with lua: for i=1,5000 do os.execute("echo huhu") end I found somebody describing the same issue with php at http://www.issociate.de/board/post/454835/Memory_leak_occurs_when_exec%28%29_function_is_used_on_Windows_platform.html His solution: Firewall/Virus Scanner does not apply, neither are running on the machine. We can also reproduce the issue on other Developer Machines running XP 64, but not on XP 32 Bit. The guilty guy for the allocation is C:\WINDOWS\System32\svchost.exe -k netsvcs which runs all the basic Windows services. Does anybody know the issue and how to resolve it ?

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• Programs don't have permissions when using absolute path

  - by Markos

  I have asked this on askubuntu but didn't get a single response in days, so I will try it here. I have directory structure like this: /path/dir1 - all users in group1 must have rwx permissions, including subdirs and newly created dirs /path/dir1/dir2 - also users in group2 must have rwx permissions So what I tried is that I used ACL. getfacl /path/dir1 # file: /path/dir1 # owner: root # group: nogroup user::rwx group::--- group:group1:rwx mask::rwx other::--- default:user::rwx default:group::--- default:group:group1:rwx default:mask::rwx default:other::--- getfacl /path/dir1/dir2 # file: /path/dir1/dir2 # owner: root # group: nogroup user::rwx group::--- group:group1:rwx group:group2:rwx mask::rwx other::--- default:user::rwx default:group::--- default:group:group1:rwx default:group:group2:rwx default:mask::rwx default:other::--- That shows that I have granted rwx to group1 in /path/dir1 and rwx to group1 and group2 in /path/dir1/dir2. Now it gets interesting. Let's assume, that user2 is member of group2. If I issue commands as user2: cd /path/dir1/dir2 mkdir foo Then folder is succesfully created. However, if I do this: mkdir /path/dir1/dir2/foo I get permission denied error. I have tried extensively to resolve the problem. What I have found is that ACL is to blame. If I add permissions to group2 in /path/dir1 it starts to work. Also if I completely remove /path/dir1 ACL it starts to work. Obviously I am missing something VERY basic. I don't have much experience with linux, but this is a no-brainer on Windows. I have spent way too many hours to resolve this basic requirement. If you need more information, I will try to update the question, so feel free to ask!

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