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  • how to double buffer in multiple classes with java

    - by kdavis8
    I am creating a Java 2D video game. I can load graphics just fine, but when it gets into double buffering I have issues. My source code package myPackage; import java.awt.Color; import java.awt.Graphics; import java.awt.Graphics2D; import java.awt.Image; import java.awt.Toolkit; import java.awt.image.BufferStrategy; import java.awt.image.BufferedImage; import javax.swing.JFrame; public class GameView extends JFrame { private BufferedImage backbuffer; private Graphics2D g2d; public GameView() { setBounds(0, 0, 500, 500); setVisible(true); setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); backbuffer = new BufferedImage(getHeight(), getWidth(), BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_BGR); g2d = backbuffer.createGraphics(); Toolkit tk = Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit(); Image img = tk.getImage(this.getClass().getResource("cage.png")); g2d.setColor(Color.red); //g2d.drawString("Hello",100,100); g2d.drawImage(img, 100, 100, this); repaint(); } public static void main(String args[]) { new GameView(); } public void paint(Graphics g) { g2d = (Graphics2D)g; g2d.drawImage(backbuffer, 0, 0, this); } }

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  • Rotate sprite to face 3D camera

    - by omikun
    I am trying to rotate a sprite so it is always facing a 3D camera. shaders->setUniform("camera", gCamera.matrix()); glm::mat4 scale = glm::scale(glm::mat4(), glm::vec3(5e5, 5e5, 5e5)); glm::vec3 look = gCamera.position(); glm::vec3 right = glm::cross(gCamera.up(), look); glm::vec3 up = glm::cross(look, right); glm::mat4 newTransform = glm::lookAt(glm::vec3(0), gCamera.position(), up) * scale; shaders->setUniform("model", newTransform); In the vertex shader: gl_Position = camera * model * vec4(vert, 1); The object will track the camera if I move the camera up or down, but if I rotate the camera around it, it will rotate in the other direction so I end up seeing its front twice and its back twice as I rotate around it 360. What am I doing wrong?

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  • Programmer friendly non-voxel art styles?

    - by Overv
    Like many other programmers I've always wanted to make a game, but simply lack the skills to do any production quality graphics. I am however sure that I want to do the models and textures myself, because I need a lot of different objects and I am sure I wouldn't be able to find good matching models on 3D sites. That means I'll have to pick an art style that is "simple", programmer friendly. An extreme example of this is of course Minecraft, but I don't want to go that basic. I'm absolutely against creating a voxel game. What kind of art styles are out there that are relatively simple, i.e. things made out of basic shapes and textures, but are still good enough to form a believable and detailed world? An example of what I mean is wind waker. The objects are formed of relatively simples shapes, but still provide enough detail to create a nice, living world. The environment my game is set in is a city environment. What I'm really asking for here are good examples of "simple" art styles applied in practice, so I can choose one that fits my skills.

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  • Ios Game with many animated Nodes,performance issues

    - by user31929
    I'm working in a large map upside-down game(not tiled map),the map i use is a city. I have to insert many node to create the "life of the city",something like people that cross the streets,cars,etc... Some of this characters are involved in physics and game logic but others are only graphic characters. For what i know the only way i can achive this result is to create each character node with or without physic body and animate each character with a texture atlas. In this way i think that i'll have many performance problems, (the characters will be something like 100/150) even if i'll apply all the performance tips that i know... My question is: with large numbers of characters there another programming pattern that i must follow ? What is the approch of game like simcity,simpsons tapped out for ios,etc... that have so many animation at the same time?

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  • 2D graphics - why use spritesheets?

    - by Columbo
    I have seen many examples of how to render sprites from a spritesheet but I havent grasped why it is the most common way of dealing with sprites in 2d games. I have started out with 2d sprite rendering in the few demo applications I've made by dealing with each animation frame for any given sprite type as its own texture - and this collection of textures is stored in a dictionary. This seems to work for me, and suits my workflow pretty well, as I tend to make my animations as gif/mng files and then extract the frames to individual pngs. Is there a noticeable performance advantage to rendering from a single sheet rather than from individual textures? With modern hardware that is capable of drawing millions of polygons to the screen a hundred times a second, does it even matter for my 2d games which just deal with a few dozen 50x100px rectangles? The implementation details of loading a texture into graphics memory and displaying it in XNA seems pretty abstracted. All I know is that textures are bound to the graphics device when they are loaded, then during the game loop, the textures get rendered in batches. So it's not clear to me whether my choice affects performance. I suspect that there are some very good reasons most 2d game developers seem to be using them, I just don't understand why.

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  • How to develop RPG Damage Formulas?

    - by user127817
    I'm developing a classical 2d RPG (in a similar vein to final fantasy) and I was wondering if anyone had some advice on how to do damage formulas/links to resources/examples? I'll explain my current setup. Hopefully I'm not overdoing it with this question, and I apologize if my questions is too large/broad My Characters stats are composed of the following: enum Stat { HP = 0, MP = 1, SP = 2, Strength = 3, Vitality = 4, Magic = 5, Spirit = 6, Skill = 7, Speed = 8, //Speed/Agility are the same thing Agility = 8, Evasion = 9, MgEvasion = 10, Accuracy = 11, Luck = 12, }; Vitality is basically defense to physical attacks and spirit is defense to magic attacks. All stats have fixed maximums (9999 for HP, 999 for MP/SP and 255 for the rest). With abilities, the maximums can be increased (99999 for HP, 9999 for HP/SP, 999 for the rest) with typical values (at level 100) before/after abilities+equipment+etc will be 8000/20,000 for HP, 800/2000 for SP/MP, 180/350 for other stats Late game Enemy HP will typically be in the lower millions (with a super boss having the maximum of ~12 million). I was wondering how do people actually develop proper damage formulas that scale correctly? For instance, based on this data, using the damage formulas for Final Fantasy X as a base looked very promising. A full reference here http://www.gamefaqs.com/ps2/197344-final-fantasy-x/faqs/31381 but as a quick example: Str = 127, 'Attack' command used, enemy Def = 34. 1. Physical Damage Calculation: Step 1 ------------------------------------- [{(Stat^3 ÷ 32) + 32} x DmCon ÷16] Step 2 ---------------------------------------- [{(127^3 ÷ 32) + 32} x 16 ÷ 16] Step 3 -------------------------------------- [{(2048383 ÷ 32) + 32} x 16 ÷ 16] Step 4 --------------------------------------------------- [{(64011) + 32} x 1] Step 5 -------------------------------------------------------- [{(64043 x 1)}] Step 6 ---------------------------------------------------- Base Damage = 64043 Step 7 ----------------------------------------- [{(Def - 280.4)^2} ÷ 110] + 16 Step 8 ------------------------------------------ [{(34 - 280.4)^2} ÷ 110] + 16 Step 9 ------------------------------------------------- [(-246)^2) ÷ 110] + 16 Step 10 ---------------------------------------------------- [60516 ÷ 110] + 16 Step 11 ------------------------------------------------------------ [550] + 16 Step 12 ---------------------------------------------------------- DefNum = 566 Step 13 ---------------------------------------------- [BaseDmg * DefNum ÷ 730] Step 14 --------------------------------------------------- [64043 * 566 ÷ 730] Step 15 ------------------------------------------------------ [36248338 ÷ 730] Step 16 ------------------------------------------------- Base Damage 2 = 49655 Step 17 ------------ Base Damage 2 * {730 - (Def * 51 - Def^2 ÷ 11) ÷ 10} ÷ 730 Step 18 ---------------------- 49655 * {730 - (34 * 51 - 34^2 ÷ 11) ÷ 10} ÷ 730 Step 19 ------------------------- 49655 * {730 - (1734 - 1156 ÷ 11) ÷ 10} ÷ 730 Step 20 ------------------------------- 49655 * {730 - (1734 - 105) ÷ 10} ÷ 730 Step 21 ------------------------------------- 49655 * {730 - (1629) ÷ 10} ÷ 730 Step 22 --------------------------------------------- 49655 * {730 - 162} ÷ 730 Step 23 ----------------------------------------------------- 49655 * 568 ÷ 730 Step 24 -------------------------------------------------- Final Damage = 38635 I simply modified the dividers to include the attack rating of weapons and the armor rating of armor. Magic Damage is calculated as follows: Mag = 255, Ultima is used, enemy MDef = 1 Step 1 ----------------------------------- [DmCon * ([Stat^2 ÷ 6] + DmCon) ÷ 4] Step 2 ------------------------------------------ [70 * ([255^2 ÷ 6] + 70) ÷ 4] Step 3 ------------------------------------------ [70 * ([65025 ÷ 6] + 70) ÷ 4] Step 4 ------------------------------------------------ [70 * (10837 + 70) ÷ 4] Step 5 ----------------------------------------------------- [70 * (10907) ÷ 4] Step 6 ------------------------------------ Base Damage = 190872 [cut to 99999] Step 7 ---------------------------------------- [{(MDef - 280.4)^2} ÷ 110] + 16 Step 8 ------------------------------------------- [{(1 - 280.4)^2} ÷ 110] + 16 Step 9 ---------------------------------------------- [{(-279.4)^2} ÷ 110] + 16 Step 10 -------------------------------------------------- [(78064) ÷ 110] + 16 Step 11 ------------------------------------------------------------ [709] + 16 Step 12 --------------------------------------------------------- MDefNum = 725 Step 13 --------------------------------------------- [BaseDmg * MDefNum ÷ 730] Step 14 --------------------------------------------------- [99999 * 725 ÷ 730] Step 15 ------------------------------------------------- Base Damage 2 = 99314 Step 16 ---------- Base Damage 2 * {730 - (MDef * 51 - MDef^2 ÷ 11) ÷ 10} ÷ 730 Step 17 ------------------------ 99314 * {730 - (1 * 51 - 1^2 ÷ 11) ÷ 10} ÷ 730 Step 18 ------------------------------ 99314 * {730 - (51 - 1 ÷ 11) ÷ 10} ÷ 730 Step 19 --------------------------------------- 99314 * {730 - (49) ÷ 10} ÷ 730 Step 20 ----------------------------------------------------- 99314 * 725 ÷ 730 Step 21 -------------------------------------------------- Final Damage = 98633 The problem is that the formulas completely fall apart once stats start going above 255. In particular Defense values over 300 or so start generating really strange behavior. High Strength + Defense stats lead to massive negative values for instance. While I might be able to modify the formulas to work correctly for my use case, it'd probably be easier just to use a completely new formula. How do people actually develop damage formulas? I was considering opening excel and trying to build the formula that way (mapping Attack Stats vs. Defense Stats for instance) but I was wondering if there's an easier way? While I can't convey the full game mechanics of my game here, might someone be able to suggest a good starting place for building a damage formula? Thanks

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  • Logic behind a bejeweled-like game

    - by Joe
    In a prototype I am doing, there is a minigame similar to bejeweled. Using a grid that is a 2d array (int[,]) how can I go about know when the user formed a match? I only care about horizontally and vertically. Off the top of my head I was thinking I would just look each direction. Something like: int item = grid[x,y]; if(grid[x-1,y]==item) { int step=x; int matches =2; while(grid[step-1,y]==item) { step++; matches++ } if(matches>2) //remove all matching items } else if(grid[x+1,y]==item //.... else if(grid[x,y-1==item) //... else if(grid[x,y+1]==item) //... It seems like there should be a better way. Is there?

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  • Game engine help

    - by Nick
    So, I am looking to start designing a video game. My biggest problem right now is choosing the right game engine. I am hiring a programmer, so the language doesn't really matter as much. What I need is an engine with these features, for very, very cheap: -Ability to create very realistic AI -Ability to display, hundreds, possibly thousands of characters Also, if anyone has any experience with Darkbasic Pro, if they could give me a basic run-through and review of it. Thanks a lot!

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  • How can I find a position between 4 vertices in a fragment shader?

    - by c4sh
    I'm creating a shader with SharpDX (DirectX11 in C#) that takes a segment (2 points) from the output of a Vertex Shader and then passes them to a Geometry Shader, which converts this line into a rectangle (4 points) and assigns the four corners a texture coordinate. After that I want a Fragment Shader (which recieves the interpolated position and the interpolated texture coordinates) that checks the depth at the "spine of the rectangle" (that is, in the line that passes through the middle of the rectangle. The problem is I don't know how to extract the position of the corresponding fragment at the spine of the rectangle. This happens because I have the texture coordinates interpolated, but I don't know how to use them to get the fragment I want, because the coordinate system of a) the texture and b) the position of my fragment in screen space are not the same. Thanks a lot for any help.

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  • Changing Palette for Day/Light Mode using GIMP

    - by J.C.
    Hello, Suppose I've a picture, which want to achieve day/light mode by changing 8bpp color palette. If I want the pixel index of my picture is always fixed for both day mode and night mode. For example, the 1st pixel index is 100. Which I can look up index 100 in day mode palette and night mode palette. How can I use GIMP to do so? My goal is to not update my pixel index of my picture. Also, as you see in two palette, they are not one one mapping. That is index 1 of the day mode palette and index 1 of the night mode palette may not used in the same pixel of the picture, how can I tackle this problem? Actually, my use case is as follow I want to use one 8bpp picture to achieve day/night mode by update only the color palette (without updating the pixel index). The advantage is I only have to prepare 2 256 byte palette rather than saving 2 big pictures in my limited data ram. Thanks a lot

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  • Need help understanding XNA 4.0 BoundingBox vs BoundingSphere Intersection

    - by nerdherd
    I am new to both game programming and XNA, so I apologize if I'm missing a simple concept or something. I have created a simple 3D game with a player and a crate and I'm working on getting my collision detection working properly. Right now I am using a BoundingSphere for my player, and a BoundingBox for the crate. For some reason, XNA only detects a collision when my player's sphere touches the front face of the crate. I'm rendering all the BoundingSpheres and BoundingBoxes as wire frames so I can see what's going on, and everything visually appears to be correct, but I can't figure out this behavior. I have tried these checks: playerSphere.Intersects(crate.getBoundingBox()) playerSphere.Contains(crate.getBoundingBox(), ContainmentType.Intersects) playerSphere.Contains(crate.getBoundingBox()) != ContainmentType.Disjoint But they all seem to produce the same behavior (in other words, they are only true when I hit the front face of the crate). The interesting thing is that when I use a BoundingSphere for my crate the collision is detected as I would expect, but of course this makes the edges less accurate. Any thoughts or ideas? Have I missed something about how BoundingSpheres and BoundingBoxes compute their intersections? I'd be happy to post more code or screenshots to clarify if needed. Thanks!

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  • Loading a new instance of a class through XML not working quite right

    - by Thegluestickman
    I'm having trouble with XML and XNA. I want to be able to load weapon settings through XML to make my weapons easier to make and to have less code in the actual project file. So I started out making a basic XML document, something to just assign variables with. But no matter what I changed it gave me a new error every time. The code below gives me a "XML element 'Tag' not found", I added and it started to say the variables weren't found. What I wanted to do in the XML file as well, was load a texture for the file too. So I created a static class to hold my texture values, then in the Texture tag of my XML document I would set it to that instance too. I think that's were the problems are occuring because that's where the "XML element 'Tag' not found" error is pointing me too. My XML document: <XnaContent> <Asset Type="ConversationEngine.Weapon"> <weaponStrength>0</weaponStrength> <damageModifiers>0</damageModifiers> <speed>0</speed> <magicDefense>0</magicDefense> <description>0</description> <identifier>0</identifier> <weaponTexture>LoadWeaponTextures.ironSword</weaponTexture> </Asset> </XnaContent> My Class to load the weapon XML: public static class LoadWeaponXML { static Weapon Weapons; public static Weapon WeaponLoad(ContentManager content, int id) { Weapons = content.Load<Weapon>(@"Weapons/" + id); return Weapons; } } public static class LoadWeaponTextures { public static Texture2D ironSword; public static void TextureLoad(ContentManager content) { ironSword = content.Load<Texture2D>("Sword"); } } I'm not entirely sure if you can load textures through XML, but any help would be greatly appreciated.

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  • SDL to SFML simple question

    - by ultifinitus
    Hey! I've been working on a game in c++ for about a week and a half, and I've been using SDL. However, my current engine only needs the following from whatever library I use: enable double buffering load an image from path into something that I can apply to the screen apply an image to the screen with a certain x,y enable transparency on an image (possibly) image clipping, for sprite sheets. I am fairly sure that SFML has all of this functionality, I'm just not positive. Will someone confirm my suspicions? Also I have one or two questions regarding SFML itself. Do I have to do anything to enable hardware accelerated rendering? How quick is SFML at blending alpha values? (sorry for the less than intelligent question!)

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  • What are some great papers/publications relating to game programming?

    - by Archagon
    What are some of your favorite papers and publications that closely relate to game programming? I'm particularly looking for examples that are well-written and illustrated, and/or have had a profound influence on the industry. (Here's one example: in this GDC talk, Bungie's David Aldridge mentions that a paper called "The TRIBES Engine Networking Model" was the starting point for Halo's network code.)

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  • UDP Code client server architecture

    - by GameBuilder
    Hi I have developed a game on android.Now I want to play it on wifi or 3G. I have game packets which i want to send it form client(mobile) to server then to another client2(mobile). I don't know how to write code in Java to send the playPackets continuously to server and receive the playPacket continuously from the server to the clients. I guess i have to use two thread one for sending and one for receiving. Can someone help me with the code, or the procedure to write code for it. Thanks in advance.

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  • Improve mouse movement in First person game

    - by brainydexter
    In my current FPS game, I have the mouse setup in a way, that it always forces the position of the mouse to be centered at the screen. This gets the job done, but also gets very annoying, since the mouse is "fixed" at the center of the screen. Here is what I am doing: get mouse current position find offset from center of the screen set mouse current position to center of the screen apply difference to m_pTransformation (transformation matrix of the player) Is there a better way to deal with this ?

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  • How to fix issue with my 3D first person camera?

    - by dxCUDA
    My camera moves and rotates, but relative to the worlds origin, instead of the players. I am having difficulty rotating the camera and then translating the camera in the direction relative to the camera facing angle. I have been able to translate the camera and rotate relative to the players origin, but not then rotate and translate in the direction relative to the cameras facing direction. My goal is to have a standard FPS-style camera. float yaw, pitch, roll; D3DXMATRIX rotationMatrix; D3DXVECTOR3 Direction; D3DXMATRIX matRotAxis,matRotZ; D3DXVECTOR3 RotAxis; // Set the yaw (Y axis), pitch (X axis), and roll (Z axis) rotations in radians. pitch = m_rotationX * 0.0174532925f; yaw = m_rotationY * 0.0174532925f; roll = m_rotationZ * 0.0174532925f; up = D3DXVECTOR3(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);//Create the up vector //Build eye ,lookat and rotation vectors from player input data eye = D3DXVECTOR3(m_fCameraX, m_fCameraY, m_fCameraZ); lookat = D3DXVECTOR3(m_fLookatX, m_fLookatY, m_fLookatZ); rotation = D3DXVECTOR3(m_rotationX, m_rotationY, m_rotationZ); D3DXVECTOR3 camera[3] = {eye,//Eye lookat,//LookAt up };//Up RotAxis.x = pitch; RotAxis.y = yaw; RotAxis.z = roll; D3DXVec3Normalize(&Direction, &(camera[1] - camera[0]));//Direction vector D3DXVec3Cross(&RotAxis, &Direction, &camera[2]);//Strafe vector D3DXVec3Normalize(&RotAxis, &RotAxis); // Create the rotation matrix from the yaw, pitch, and roll values. D3DXMatrixRotationYawPitchRoll(&matRotAxis, pitch,yaw, roll); //rotate direction D3DXVec3TransformCoord(&Direction,&Direction,&matRotAxis); //Translate up vector D3DXVec3TransformCoord(&camera[2], &camera[2], &matRotAxis); //Translate in the direction of player rotation D3DXVec3TransformCoord(&camera[0], &camera[0], &matRotAxis); camera[1] = Direction + camera[0];//Avoid gimble locking D3DXMatrixLookAtLH(&in_viewMatrix, &camera[0], &camera[1], &camera[2]);

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  • Deterministic replay in a modern game

    - by cloudraven
    I am doing a study in modern games graphics, and as part of the study it would be really helpful to be able to replay a sequence in the game multiple times. For example, recording a series of inputs to get the exact video sequences, but being able to replay them in different computers or different graphics configurations. I want to do this study with a couple of existing commercial games with sophisticated graphics (something released in the last 1 or 2 years if possible). I was thinking on hooking with detours or something similar, calls to time() or srand() to fix all pseudo-number generated results. It would be ideal to have a general solution that works with any game. Since admittedly that is pretty ambitious, I would be happy just having 2 or 3 games in which it is known that I can get deterministic output for a given input. In the end, I will be comparing video output, so I want to avoid noise generated by differences on each execution caused by non-determinism. Any sugestions?

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  • How to fix bad Collada produced by FBX?

    - by David
    I tried to use the FBX SDK (2011.3.1) to load FBX files and save them as Collada files in order to be able to import FBX files in Panda3D. Unfortunately the resulting Collada files are not usable for several reasons, among them: There's a Maya specific extra technique diffuse <diffuse> <texture texture="Map__2-image" texcoord="CHANNEL0"> <extra> <technique profile="MAYA"> <wrapU sid="wrapU0">TRUE</wrapU> <wrapV sid="wrapV0">TRUE</wrapV> <blend_mode>ADD</blend_mode> </technique> </extra> </texture> </diffuse> It assigns a texcoord channel name that isn't referenced anywhere else in the file (in the previous code sample, no geometry uses "CHANNEL0"...) Every polygon is exported twice, a first time with a basic material (only diffuse color, specular color, etc.) and a second time with a textured material -- this doubles the number of polygons of each model without any valuable reason Anyway, the resulting Collada file cannot be opened correctly either with OpenCOLLADA or Panda3D's "dae2egg". Anyone has any experience on how to "fix" it and make it understandable by common and well-reputed Collada importers such as OpenCOLLADA?

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  • SFML programs fails to debug with glslDevil

    - by Zhen
    I'm testing the glslDevil debugger with a simple (and working) SFML application in Linux + NVidia. But it always fails in the window creation step: W! Program Start | glXGetConfig(0x86a50b0, 0x86acef8, 4, 0xbf8228c4) | glXGetConfig(0x86a50b0, 0x86acef8, 5, 0xbf8228c8) | glXGetConfig(0x86a50b0, 0x86acef8, 8, 0xbf8228cc) | glXGetConfig(0x86a50b0, 0x86acef8, 9, 0xbf8228d0) | glXGetConfig(0x86a50b0, 0x86acef8, 10, 0xbf8228d4) | glXGetConfig(0x86a50b0, 0x86acef8, 11, 0xbf8228d8) | glXGetConfig(0x86a50b0, 0x86acef8, 12, 0xbf8228dc) | glXGetConfig(0x86a50b0, 0x86acef8, 13, 0xbf8228e0) | glXGetConfig(0x86a50b0, 0x86acef8, 100000, 0xbf8228e4) | glXGetConfig(0x86a50b0, 0x86acef8, 100001, 0xbf8228e8) | glXCreateContext(0x86a50b0, 0x86acef8, (nil), 1) E! Child process exited W! Program termination forced! And the code that fails: #include <SFML/Graphics.hpp> #define GL_GLEXT_PROTOTYPES 1 #define GL3_PROTOTYPES 1 #include <GL/gl.h> #include <GL/glu.h> #include <GL/glext.h> int main(){ sf::RenderWindow window{ sf::VideoMode(800, 600), "Test SFML+GL" }; bool running = true; while( running ){ sf::Event event; while( window.pollEvent(event) ){ if( event.type == sf::Event::Closed ){ running = false; }else if(event.type == sf::Event::Resized){ glViewport(0, 0, event.size.width, event.size.height); } } window.display(); } return 0; } Is It posible to solve this problem? or get around the problem to continue the gslsDevil use?.

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  • Adding cards to a vector for computer card game

    - by Tucker Morgan
    I am writing a Card game that has a deck size of 30 cards, each one of them has to be a unique, or at least a another (new XXXX) statement in a .push_back function, into a vector. Right now my plan is to add them to a vector one at a time with four separate, depending on what deck type you choose, collections of thirty .push_back functions. If the collection of card is not up for customization, other than what one of the four suits you pick, is there a quicker way of doing this, seems kinda tedious, and something that someone would have found a better way of doing.

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  • Why isn't my lighting working properly? Are my normals messed up?

    - by Radek Slupik
    I'm relatively new to OpenGL and I am trying to draw a 3D model (loaded from a 3ds file using lib3ds) using OpenGL with lighting, but about half of it is drawn in black. I set up the light as such: glEnable(GL_LIGHTING); glShadeModel(GL_SMOOTH); GLfloat ambientColor[] = {0.2f, 0.2f, 0.2f, 1.0f}; glLightModelfv(GL_LIGHT_MODEL_AMBIENT, ambientColor); glEnable(GL_LIGHT0); GLfloat lightColor0[] = {1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f}; GLfloat lightPos0[] = {4.0f, 0.0f, 8.0f, 0.0f}; glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_DIFFUSE, lightColor0); glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_POSITION, lightPos0); The model is in a VBO and drawn using glDrawArrays. The normals are in a separate VBO, and the normals are calculated using lib3ds_mesh_calculate_vertex_normals: std::vector<std::array<float, 3>> normals; for (std::size_t i = 0; i < model->nmeshes; ++i) { auto& mesh = *model->meshes[i]; std::vector<float[3]> vertex_normals(mesh.nfaces * 3); lib3ds_mesh_calculate_vertex_normals(&mesh, vertex_normals.data()); for (std::size_t j = 0; j < mesh.nfaces; ++j) { auto& face = mesh.faces[j]; normals.push_back(make_array(vertex_normals[j])); } } glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, normal_vbo_); glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, normals.size() * sizeof(decltype(normals)::value_type), normals.data(), GL_STATIC_DRAW); The problem isn't the vertices; the model is drawn correctly when drawing it as a wireframe. I also fixed the normals in Blender using controlN. What could be the problem? Should I store the normals in a different order?

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  • *DX11, HLSL* - Colour as 4 floats or one UINT

    - by Paul
    With the DX11 pipeline, would it be much quicker for the vertex buffer to pass one single UINT with one byte per channel to the input assembler, as opposed to three floats? Then the vertex shader would convert the four bytes to four floats, which I guess is the required colour format for the pipeline. In this instance, colour accuracy isn't an issue. The vertex buffer would need to be updated many times per frame, so using a single UINT and saving 12 bytes for every vertex could well be worth it: quicker uploads to vram and also less memory used. But the cost is the extra shader work for every vertex to convert each 8 bits of the input UNIT into a float. Anyone have an idea if it might be worth doing? Or, is it possible for the pipeline to be set to just internally use a four-byte colour format? The swap chain buffer has been initialised as DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM, so ultimately that's how the colour will be written. Thanks!

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  • How do I detect multiple sprite collisions when there are >10 sprites?

    - by yao jiang
    I making a small program to animate the astar algorithm. If you look at the image, there are lots of yellow cars moving around. Those can collide at any moment, could be just one or all of them could just stupidly crash into each other. How do I detect all of those collisions? How do I find out which specific car has crash into which other car? I understand that pygame has collision function, but it only detects one collision at a time and I'd have to specify which sprites. Right now I am just trying to iterate through each sprite to see if there is collision: for car1 in carlist: for car2 in carlist: collide(car1, car2); This can't be the proper way to do it, if the car list goes to a huge number, a double loop will be too slow.

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  • Sphere-Sphere intersection and Circle-Sphere intersection

    - by cagirici
    I have code for circle-circle intersection. But I need to expand it to 3-D. How do I calculate: Radius and center of the intersection circle of two spheres Points of the intersection of a sphere and a circle? Given two spheres (sc0,sr0) and (sc1,sr1), I need to calculate a circle of intersection whose center is ci and whose radius is ri. Moreover, given a sphere (sc0,sr0) and a circle (cc0, cr0), I need to calulate the two intersection points (pi0, pi1) I have checked this link and this link, but I could not understand the logic behind them and how to code them. I tried ProGAL library for sphere-sphere-sphere intersection, but the resulting coordinates are rounded. I need precise results.

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