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• Can the expect utility handle a case where the process it spawns also spawns a sub process?

  - by davidparks21

  I'm trying to use expect to handle rsync over an ssh shell, but it gets stuck. If I run my rsync command it works (simplified here): It prompts me for my password and copies files to the server: rsync -e ssh -<other_params> If I then enclose that in expect: expect -d -c "spawn rsync -e ssh -<other_params>" -c "expect password:" -c "send mypass\r" It does not execute properly, the program exists and no files are copied. Even the debug mode isn't giving many clues. My best guess is that rsync is spawning the ssh process, and the ssh process is what needs to be interacted with, but send is picking up the rsync process id and sending the input there. Any thoughts?

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• Accidentally dd'ed an image to wrong drive / overwrote partition table + NTFS partition start

  - by Kento Locatelli

  I screwed up and set the wrong output for dd when trying to copy a freenas iso, overwriting the wrong external hard drive. Ironically, I was trying to setup a freenas server for data backup... External drive is only used for data storage, system is entirely intact Drive had a single NTFS partition filing the entire device (2TB WD elements) Drive originally had an MBR partition table. Drive now shows as having a GPT, presumably from the freenas image. Drive was mounted at the time, with maybe a couple kB of data written/read after running dd Drive is just a few months old and healthy (regular SMART / fs checks) I have not reboot the OS (crunchbang) /proc/partition still holds the correct information (and has been stored) Have dd's output (records in / out / bytes) testdrive did not find any partitions on quick or deep search running photorec to recover the more important data (a couple recent plaintext files that hadn't been backed up yet). Vast majority of disk content ( 80%) is unnecessary media files. My current plan is to let photorec do it's thing, then recreate the mbr with gparted and use cfdisk to create another NTFS partition using the sector information from /sys/block/.../. Is that a good course of action (that is, a chance of success)? Or anything else I should try first? Possibly relevant information: dd if=FreeNAS-8.0.4-RELEASE-p3-x86.iso of=/dev/sdc: 194568+0 records in 194568+0 records out 99618816 bytes (100 MB) copied grep . /sys/block/sdc/sdc*/{start,size}: /sys/block/sdc/sdc1/start:2048 /sys/block/sdc/sdc1/size:3907022848 cat /proc/partitions: major minor #blocks name ** Snipped ** 8 32 1953512448 sdc 8 33 1953511424 sdc1 current fdisk -l output: WARNING: GPT (GUID Partition Table) detected on '/dev/sdc'! The util fdisk doesn't support GPT. Use GNU Parted. Disk /dev/sdc: 2000.4 GB, 2000396746752 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 243201 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/sdc doesn't contain a valid partition table

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• Append symbolic link to served media

  - by Hellnar

  Hello, I have two folders such as nonserved/ folder1/ folder2/ and a served folder via Apache media/ js/ css/ img/ In the end, I want to include/append contents of /nonserved to /media so that www.mysite.com/media will be as such: /media /js /css /img /folder1 /folder2 I am running Ubuntu Server, I am up for either apache config or symbolic link based answer :) Plus nonserved folder is rather dynamic thus manual symbolic linking to each folder is impossible.

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• Mount NFS as remote user

  - by oshafran

  Hi I have debian as an NFS client. I would like to mount a remote NFS with a specific user permissions (to specify the remote user account) How can I do that? thanks

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• having 2 ip's on a debian 7 box

  - by David

  I just installed Debian Wheezy on my homeserver. I want to assign 2 ip's to it on the same network interface, 1 static ip (eth0) and 1 dynamic ip (eth0:1). I know it doesn't make much sense but I need it to test something. I edited my /etc/network/interfaces to be like this: auto lo eth0 eth0:1 iface lo inet loopback iface eth0 inet static address 192.168.178.240 network 192.168.178.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.178.255 gateway 192.168.178.1 iface eth0:1 inet dhcp when I bring up eth0:1 (ifup eth0:1) I get the following error (eth0 works fine) Bind socket to interface: No such device Failed to bring up eth0:1. is it even possible to have a dynamic and static ip on the same network adapter?

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• dnsmasq Client TTL

  - by user548971

  I have a situation where my hosts file is constantly changing. Because of this I don't want clients to cache ip addresses resolved using the hosts file. Here is the command that starts dnsmasq for me: /usr/sbin/dnsmasq -K -R -y -Z -b -E -S 8.8.8.8 -l /tmp/dhcp.leases -r /tmp/resolv.conf.auto --stop-dns-rebind --rebind-localhost-ok --dhcp-range=lan,192.168.2.2,192.168.2.249,255.255.255.0,12h -2 eth0 In looking at this site: http://www.thekelleys.org.uk/dnsmasq/docs/dnsmasq-man.html I see that the -T option has this description: -T, --local-ttl=<time> When replying with information from /etc/hosts or the DHCP leases file dnsmasq by default sets the time-to-live field to zero, meaning that the requester should not itself cache the information. This is the correct thing to do in almost all situations. This option allows a time-to-live (in seconds) to be given for these replies. This will reduce the load on the server at the expense of clients using stale data under some circumstances. My command doesn't have the -T option. Do I need it or does dnsmasq default TTL to zero without it?

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• Can not understand this script

  - by Jim

  Can someone help me understand this script? It is from sysconf_add and I am new to scripting. I need to do something similar. function add_word() { local word=$1 local word_quoted=$2 if ! word_present; then $debug && cp $file $tmpf sed -i -e "${lineno} { s/^[[:space:]]*\($var=\".*\)\(\".*\)/\1 $word_quoted\2/; s/=\" /=\"/ }" $file $debug && diff -u $tmpf $file else echo \"$word\" already present fi # some balancing for vim"s syntax highlighting }

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• Log incoming requests on Ubuntu (ports 80, 443)

  - by Maxim Eliseev

  We have Tomcat running on Ubuntu server. It runs a web service, open to the internet. Sometimes it has a sudden spike of traffic and goes down. There is nothing unusual in Tomcat access logs. I guess it is because some of the requests are so 'heavy' that they never finish and hence are not recorded to Tomcat access logs. Is there a way to configure Ubuntu to log incoming requests in the following format (below)? Date, Time, URL (with query string params), IP address (of client) There should be one line per request. Each request should be logged before it is executed. Only incoming requests to ports 80 and 443 should be logged.

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• Iptables NAT logging

  - by Gerard

  I have a box setup as a router using Iptables (masquerade), logging all network traffic. The problem: Connections from LAN IPs to WAN show fine, i.e. SRC=192.168.32.10 - DST=60.242.67.190 but for traffic coming from WAN to LAN it will show the WAN IP as the source, but the routers IP as the destination, then the router - LAN IP. I.e. SRC=60.242.67.190 - DST=192.168.32.199 SRC=192.168.32.199(router) - DST=192.168.32.10 How do I configure it so that it logs the conversations correctly? SRC=192.168.32.10 - DST=60.242.67.190 SRC=60.242.67.190 DST=192.168.32.10 Any help appreciated, cheers

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• Does anyone know why rsync would keep sending the files over and over again?

  - by beagleguy

  I'm trying to using rsync to backup some files, about half a TB. It's now it a state where it keeps sending the same files everytime it runs. for example: rsync -av /data/source/* user@host:/data/dest sending incremental file list source/file1.txt source/file2.txt I then verify those files are copied over... then the next time it runs it does the same thing rsync -av /data/source/* user@host:/data/dest sending incremental file list source/file1.txt source/file2.txt any idea why it's getting stuck on these files? I've tried to wipe the whole dest directory out and start over but no luck. thanks,

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• Httpd and LDAP Authentication not working for sub-pages

  - by DavisTasar

  I just recently installed a Nagios implementation, and I'm trying to get LDAP authentication working for httpd on Red Hat. (nagios.conf for Apache config below, sanitized of course) ScriptAlias /nagios/cgi-bin "/usr/local/nagios/sbin" <Directory "/usr/local/nagios/sbin"> #SSLRequireSSL Options ExecCGI AllowOverride none AuthType Basic AuthName "LDAP Authentication" AuthLDAPURL "ldap://my.domain.controller:389/OU=Users,DC=my,DC=domain,DC=controller?sAMAccountName?sub?(objectClass=user)" NONE AuthzLDAPAuthoritative off AuthLDAPBindDN "CN=NagiosAdmin,DC=my,DC=domain,DC=controller" AuthLDAPBindPassword "myPassword" require valid-user </Directory> Alias /nagios "/usr/local/nagios/share" <Directory /usr/local/nagios/share> #SSLRequireSSL Options None AllowOverride none AuthBasicProvider ldap AuthType Basic AuthName "LDAP Authentication" AuthzLDAPAuthoritative off AuthLDAPURL "ldap://my.domain.controller:389/OU=Users,DC=my,DC=domain,DC=controller?sAMAccountName?sub?(objectClass=user)" NONE AuthLDAPBindDN "CN=NagiosAdmin,DC=my,DC=domain,DC=controller" AuthLDAPBindPassword "myPassword" require valid-user </Directory> Now, the initial authentication works, so when you first hit the page you can log in just fine. However, when you go anywhere else, it prompts you for authentication, fails (asking for a re-prompt), and gives this error message: [Mon Oct 21 14:46:23 2013] [error] [client 172.28.9.30] access to /nagios/cgi-bin/statusmap.cgi failed, reason: verification of user id '<myuseraccount>' not configured, referer: http://<nagiosserver>/nagios/side.php I'm almost certain its a simple flag or option, but I just can't find it, and I don't have a lot of experience working with Apache. Any assistance or help would be greatly appreciated.

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• Encrypt tar file asymmetrically

  - by DerMike

  I want to achieve something like tar -c directory | openssl foo > encrypted_tarfile.dat I need the openssl tool to use public key encryption. I found an earlier question about symmetric encryption at the command promt (sic!), which does not suffice. I did take a look in the openssl(1) man page and only found symmetric encryption. Does openssl really not support asymmetric encryption? Basically many users are supposed to create their encrypted tar files and store them in a central location, but only few are allowed to read them.

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• Mass editing videos on Ubuntu?

  - by rick

  Hi, I'm trying to add a watermark and a credits image to all of my old videos. I downloaded them off YouTube so they are all flv (H.264?). Is there some software that will allow me do simple edits in batches? I know a little bit of Python and tried looking at some of the library but they all seem like overkill (and way above my head). So is there a solution besides getting some software and going through all my videos and doing it manually? They are all mostly the same length, but it would be nice to specify a relative position for my credits. e.g. show a static image for 10 seconds when the video is at 95%

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• How to determine the best byte size for the dd command

  - by James

  I know that doing a dd if=/dev/hda of=/dev/hdb does a deep hard drive copy. I've heard that people have been able to speed up the process by increasing the number of bytes that are read and written at a time (512) with the "bs" option. People have suggested that the optimal byte size is due to sector size. I personally think it would have something to do with the amount of cache that the hard drive has. My question is: What determines the ideal byte size for copying from a hard drive? and Why does that determine the ideal byte size?

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• Accessing a guest OS's directory from the host OS in VirtualBox

  - by hekevintran

  With VirtualBox you can share a directory on the host machine with the guest machine. Can you share a directory on the guest machine with the host machine? In my setup the host is Windows 7 and the guest is Ubuntu. Can I have a directory on the Ubuntu file system accesible from Windows?

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• sed comand - remove virus from wordpress [duplicate]

  - by EliaszKubala

  This question already has an answer here: How do I deal with a compromised server? 12 answers I have malicious code in every php file. This malicius code is auto paste at the beginning of file. I want to remove this with UNIX command from console. This is malicious code: <?php $guobywgpku = '..... u=$bhpegpvvmc-1; ?> I write this RegExp, "/<\?php \$guobywgpku.*\?>/m" and this RegExp work. I tested it here. The problem is, write command which remove this malicious code from every php file on the sever. Please Help me. Now i have something like this. sed "/<\?php \$guobywgpku.*\?>/m" index.php

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• Explanation of nodev and nosuid in fstab

  - by Ivan Kovacevic

  I see those two options constantly suggested on the web when someone describes how to mount a tmpfs or ramfs. Often also with noexec but I'm specifically interested in nodev and nosuid. I basically hate just blindly repeating what somebody suggested, without real understanding. And since I only see copy/paste instructions on the net regarding this, I ask here. This is from documentation: nodev - Don't interpret block special devices on the filesystem. nosuid - Block the operation of suid, and sgid bits. But I would like a practical explanation what could happen if I leave those two out. Let's say that I have configured tmpfs or ramfs(without these two mentioned options set) that is accessible(read+write) by a specific (non-root)user on the system. What can that user do to harm the system? Excluding the case of consuming all available system memory in case of ramfs

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• Fedora Core 11 won't boot without a monitor

  - by feihtthief

  I have a P4 system that I installed Fedora 11 on. It will not boot without a monitor attached. The monitor can be off (not even have power plugged in), but must be attached. Without a monitor the hard disk thrashes around a bit like it's starting up services, but does not get to the point where I can ssh into the box. I have set the default runlevel to 3 and removed the rhgb entry from grub. Any suggestions welcome. Edit: I have already set the run-level to 3. The machine boots up fine with the monitor plugged in to the point where I can SSH into it. as soon as i unplug the monitor and reboot, it will not boot to that point.

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• SSL Handshake negotiation on Nginx terribly slow

  - by Paras Chopra

  I am using Nginx as a proxy to 4 apache instances. My problem is that SSL negotiation takes a lot of time (600 ms). See this as an example: http://www.webpagetest.org/result/101020_8JXS/1/details/ Here is my Nginx Conf: user www-data; worker_processes 4; events { worker_connections 2048; use epoll; } http { include /etc/nginx/mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log; sendfile on; keepalive_timeout 0; tcp_nodelay on; gzip on; gzip_proxied any; server_names_hash_bucket_size 128; } upstream abc { server 1.1.1.1 weight=1; server 1.1.1.2 weight=1; server 1.1.1.3 weight=1; } server { listen 443; server_name blah; keepalive_timeout 5; ssl on; ssl_certificate /blah.crt; ssl_certificate_key /blah.key; ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:10m; ssl_session_timeout 5m; ssl_protocols SSLv2 SSLv3 TLSv1; ssl_ciphers RC4+RSA:+HIGH:+MEDIUM:+LOW:+SSLv2:+EXP; ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on; location / { proxy_pass http://abc; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; } } The machine is a VPS on Linode with 1 G of RAM. Can anyone please tell why SSL Hand shake is taking ages?

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• Does a VPS need a firewall?

  - by Camran

  Do I need a firewall on my VPS which I ordered today? If so, which one would you recommend? I plan on running a classifieds website with Java, php, mysql. My OS is ubuntu 9.10 Thanks Btw: What is iptables?

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• How to change resolution in Ubuntu 10.04, where xvinfo is showing no adapters present?

  - by YumYum

  I am trying to maximize my resolution where I have Resolution: 800x600 (4:3) and Refresh rate: 61Hz I tried the following, but it did not work: $ xvinfo X-Video Extension version 2.2 screen #0 no adaptors present $ cvt 1920 1080 # 1920x1080 59.96 Hz (CVT 2.07M9) hsync: 67.16 kHz; pclk: 173.00 MHz Modeline "1920x1080_60.00" 173.00 1920 2048 2248 2576 1080 1083 1088 1120 -hsync +vsync $ xrandr --newmode clever_name 173.00 1920 2048 2248 2576 1080 1083 1088 1120 $ xrandr -q Screen 0: minimum 640 x 480, current 800 x 600, maximum 800 x 600 default connected 800x600+0+0 0mm x 0mm 800x600 61.0* 640x480 60.0 clever_name (0x11d) 173.0MHz h: width 1920 start 2048 end 2248 total 2576 skew 0 clock 67.2KHz v: height 1080 start 1083 end 1088 total 1120 clock 60.0Hz $ xrandr --addmode default clever_name $ xrandr --output default --mode clever_name xrandr: Configure crtc 0 failed

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• nagios ldap-group based front end login permission issues

  - by Eleven-Two

  I want to grant users access to the nagios 3 core frontend by using an active directory group ("NagiosWebfrontend" in the code below). The login works fine like this: AuthType Basic AuthName "Nagios Access" AuthBasicProvider ldap AuthzLDAPAuthoritative on AuthLDAPURL "ldap://ip-address:389/OU=user-ou,DC=domain,DC=tld?sAMAccountName?sub?(objectClass=*)" AuthLDAPBindDN CN=LDAP-USER,OU=some-ou,DC=domain,DC=tld AuthLDAPBindPassword the_pass Require ldap-group CN=NagiosWebfrontend,OU=some-ou,DC=domain,DC=tld Unfortunately, every nagios page just shows "It appears as though you do not have permission to view information for any of the services you requested...". I got the hint, that I am missing a contact in nagios configuration which is equal to my login, but creating one with the same name as the domain user had no effect on this issue. However, it would be great to find a solution without manually editing nagios.conf for every new user, so the admins could grant access to nagios by just putting the user to "NagiosWebfrontend" group. What would be the best way to solve it?

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• Best practice, or generally best way to set up web-hosting server, permissions, etc.

  - by Jagot

  Hi, I'm about to set up a server upon which a friend and I will be hosting web sites, and I'll be using Debian. I've set up a LAMP solution many times just to using for local testing purposes, but never for actual production use. I was wondering what are the best practices are in terms of setting the server up, in reference specifically to accessing the web root directory. A couple of the options I have seen: Set up a single user account on the server for us both to use and use a virtual host to point to the somewhere in the home directory, e.g. /home/webdev/www. Set each of us up a user account, and grant permissions in some way to /var/www (What would be the best way? Set up a new group?) I want to get this right when I first set this up as there won't be any going back for a while once our first site is up and running. Appreciate any guidance in advance.

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• Formatting pwd/ls for use with scp

  - by eumiro

  I have two terminal windows with bash. One is local on the client computer, another one has an SSH-session on the server. On the server, I am in a directory and seeing a file I would like to copy to my client using scp from the client. On the server I see: user@server:/path$ ls filename filename I can now type scp in the client shell, select and copy the user@server:/path from the server shell and paste to the client shell, then type slash and copy and paste the filename and append a dot to get: user@client:~$ scp user@server:/path/filename . to scp a file from the server to the client. Now I am searching for a command on the server, that would work like this: user@server:/path$ special_ls filename user@server:/path/filename which would give me the complete scp-ready string to copy&paste to the client shell. Something in the form echo $USER@$HOSTNAME:${pwd}/$filename working with relative/absolute paths. Is there any such command/switch combination or do I have to hack it myself? Thank you very much.

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• Samba does not reload user group members

  - by xato

  I am running a simple samba server setup where users connect to a share which contains folders for specific user groups. The folders are chmod 2770, so only users which are in the correct group can read/write in them. The problem is that if I change group memberships (i.e. remove user from group / add user to group; changes are in sync between clients and server!) samba does not automatically reload the group memberships for the user, so they can still write to groups that they are no longer a member of etc. I either have to reconnect to the share or to restart samba to apply the changes. Is there any way to prevent group caching and/or enable group membership reload in samba? My smb.conf: https://gist.github.com/anonymous/ca7c10a3b3e2168d7a03

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