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  • iptables ACCEPT policy

    - by kamae
    In Redhat EL 6, iptables INPUT policy is ACCEPT but INPUT chain has REJECT entry in the end. /etc/syconfig/iptables is as below: *filter :INPUT ACCEPT [0:0] :FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [0:0] -A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p icmp -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited -A FORWARD -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited COMMIT Do you know why the policy is ACCEPT not DROP? I think setting DROP policy is safer than ACCEPT in case to make mistake in the chain. Actually the policy is not applied to any packet: # iptables -L -v Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes)

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  • Choose between multiple keyboard layouts for different users in GDM3

    - by Daniel Wagner
    I am trying to set up a computer with multiple users each with different preferred keyboard layouts. The biggest sticking point right now is allowing each to log in comfortably. GDM used to offer a way to choose keyboard layout, but I can't discover how to set this up in GDM3. All the solutions I found when Googling this problem suggest changing the keyboard layout in xorg.conf, but that only sets a different single layout and still does not seem to allow me to change the layout between multiple choices. How can I allow multiple layouts when logging in?

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  • Move Ubuntu to another drive

    - by Ben Dilts
    I have a laptop with an 80GB SSD and 500GB HDD. I currently have Windows installed on the SSD, and a 400GB data partition for Windows on the HDD. I set aside 100GB on the HDD to try out Ubuntu, and I'd like to make it my primary OS and switch it over to the (much) faster SSD. How could I go about getting my Ubuntu setup moved over to the SSD? I have a 120GB USB hard drive I can use if necessary for getting through it.

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  • routing through multiple subinterfaces in debian

    - by Kstro21
    my question is as simple as the title, i have a debian 6 , 2 NICs, 3 different subnets in a single interface, just like this: auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 192.168.106.254 netmask 255.255.255.0 auto eth0:0 iface eth0:0 inet static address 172.19.221.81 netmask 255.255.255.248 auto eth0:1 iface eth0:1 inet static address 192.168.254.1 netmask 255.255.255.248 auto eth1 iface eth1 inet static address 172.19.216.3 netmask 255.255.255.0 gateway 172.19.216.13 eth0 is conected to a swith with 3 differents vlans, eth1 is conected to a router. No iptables DROP, so, all traffic is allowed. Now, passing the traffic through eth0 is OK, passing the traffic through eth0:0 is OK, but, passing the traffic through eth0:1 is not working, i can ping the ip address of that sub interface from a pc where this ip is the default gateway, but can't get to servers in the subnet of the eth1 interface, the traffic is not passing, even when i set the iptables to log all the traffic in the FORWARD chain and i can see the traffic there, but, the traffic is not really passing. And the funny is i can do any the other way around, i mean, passing from eth1 to eth0:1, RDP, telnet, ping, etc, doing some work with the iptable, i manage to pass some traffic from eth0:1 to eth1, the iptables look like this: iptables -t nat PREROUTING -d 192.168.254.1/32 -p tcp -m multiport --dports 25,110,5269 -j DNAT --to-destination 172.19.216.1 iptables -t nat PREROUTING -d 192.168.254.1/32 -p udp -m udp --dport 53 -j DNAT --to-destination 172.19.216.9 iptables -t nat PREROUTING -d 192.168.254.1/32 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 21 -j DNAT --to-destination 172.19.216.11 iptables -t nat POSTROUTING -s 172.19.216.0/24 -d 172.19.221.80/29 -j SNAT --to-source 172.19.221.81 iptables -t nat POSTROUTING -s 172.19.216.0/24 -d 192.168.254.0/29 -j SNAT --to-source 192.168.254.1 iptables -t nat POSTROUTING -s 172.19.216.0/24 -o eth0 -j SNAT --to-source 192.168.106.254 dong this is working, but,it is really a headache have to map each port with the server, imagine if i move the service from server, so, now i have doubts: can debian route through multiple subinterfaces?? exist a limit for this?? if not, what i'm doing wrong when i have the same setup with other subnets and it is working ok?? without the iptables rules in the nat, it doesn't work thanks and i hope good comments/answers

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  • Cannot Connect to VSFTP outside of network

    - by jnolte
    I am having a hair pulling issue with my VSFTPD. I am not sure where to turn and I have went through to make sure everything is working properly and when trying to connect to ftp using ftp localhost I am able to login with the username and password I have specified. When I try to connect from outside I get the prompt Connected to domainname.com. but no prompt for user and password in addition when using an FTP client it hangs up and never connects. The server is running Ubuntu 12.04 LTS and VSFTPD 2.3.5 Here is the output of running iptables -L : http://pastie.org/4892233 Here is he output when running ps -FC vsftpd : root 14343 1 0 1168 984 3 16:55 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/vsftpd Here is output of running netstat -tlpn | grep vsftpd : tcp6 0 0 :::21 :::* LISTEN 14343/vsftpd I have uninstalled and reinstalled many times and tried several different configurations and am at a complete loss on why this may not be working. We very often use the same configuration on the same type of servers with no issues. Thank you in advance for your help.

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  • killing all instances of chrome on the command line?

    - by Fedor
    In some cases killing a single tab/process doesn't do it and I need to close Chrome entirely. Since Chrome has multiple processes, how can I close all of them at once? I know that... pgrep chrome returns all the pids, can someone tell me a trick that would allow me to close all of them by feeding them to another command or merging them to a csv or something?

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  • How to show a warning message when entering a folder?

    - by Valter Henrique
    I don't know if this is possible, but, I have a folder which I would like to show some warning message when the user enters in it. In my case would say that the folder could be deleted without previous warning to save some disk space. I already create a file inside the folder with the warning message: WARNING! ########################################################################################################################################################## Please, be advised, that the folder /company-backup/amazon-s3 can be deleted without previous WARNING to save disk space as the INFRASTRUCTURE TEAM judge necessary. Best regards, Infrastructure Team. ########################################################################################################################################################### Is that possible ? Any idea ?

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  • How do you persist installed software & configurations on an Amazon EC2 instance?

    - by Richard
    I've gotten a base Debian AMI up and running and now I need to know the best way to maintain it. I've ran the updates (aptitude update/upgrade) and installed/configured my software (Apache, Ruby, etc.) but if I reboot the instance or start a new one I'll have to do all this work over again. How do you persist these types of things over a reboot? Do you build a new AMI every time you adjust some tiny piece of the system? Or is there some way to feed it a script on startup that configures it in "real-time"? I know I could go all the way with a Reductive Labs Puppet style setup but that's a bit too much for my needs right now (1-2 servers). Any best practices on this? Update: I found a bit of information on using User-Data to run scripts at instance boot time.

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  • How to force mdadm to stop RAID5 array?

    - by lucek
    I have /dev/md127 RAID5 array that consisted of four drives. I managed to hot remove them from the array and currently /dev/md127 does not have any drives: cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : [linear] [multipath] [raid0] [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid10] md0 : active raid1 sdd1[0] sda1[1] 304052032 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU] md1 : active raid0 sda5[1] sdd5[0] 16770048 blocks super 1.2 512k chunks md127 : active raid5 super 1.2 level 5, 512k chunk, algorithm 2 [4/0] [____] unused devices: <none> and mdadm --detail /dev/md127 /dev/md127: Version : 1.2 Creation Time : Thu Sep 6 10:39:57 2012 Raid Level : raid5 Array Size : 8790402048 (8383.18 GiB 9001.37 GB) Used Dev Size : 2930134016 (2794.39 GiB 3000.46 GB) Raid Devices : 4 Total Devices : 0 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Fri Sep 7 17:19:47 2012 State : clean, FAILED Active Devices : 0 Working Devices : 0 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 0 Layout : left-symmetric Chunk Size : 512K Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 0 0 0 removed 1 0 0 1 removed 2 0 0 2 removed 3 0 0 3 removed I've tried to do mdadm --stop /dev/md127 but: mdadm --stop /dev/md127 mdadm: Cannot get exclusive access to /dev/md127:Perhaps a running process, mounted filesystem or active volume group? I made sure that it's unmounted, umount -l /dev/md127 and confirmed that it indeed is unmounted: umount /dev/md127 umount: /dev/md127: not mounted I've tried to zero superblock of each drive and I get (for each drive): mdadm --zero-superblock /dev/sde1 mdadm: Unrecognised md component device - /dev/sde1 Here's output of lsof|grep md127: lsof|grep md127 md127_rai 276 root cwd DIR 9,0 4096 2 / md127_rai 276 root rtd DIR 9,0 4096 2 / md127_rai 276 root txt unknown /proc/276/exe What else can I do? LVM is not even installed so it can't be a factor.

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  • Killing all processes of current user

    - by Vi
    user@host$ killall -9 -u user Will it definitely kill all processes owned by user (including forkbombs)? No new processes is spawned to user from other users. No user's processes are in D-sleep and unkillable. No processes are trying to detect and ptrace or terminate this started killall. E.g. if killall will finish untampered and successfully is it 100% that no processes are left with this uid?

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  • Users in ubuntu; Cant figure it out

    - by Camran
    I am the only one who will have access to my website. Just installed my VPS and managed to get most stuff working. However, stuck on the "members" part. Currently, everything has been done as "root". I have read posts that I should create a user, because root isn't ideal. I have found thousand guides on how to create a user, but now what to do next. 1- Should I create a user with adduser username and then add the user to a group? But which group? 2- And will the user then be able to do everything as I have done logged on as "root"? 3- And somebody plz explain what "sudo" has to do with this? (if anything at all) Thanks

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  • Ubuntu terminal questions

    - by Camran
    I am wondering about my VPS providers ubuntu terminal. Are all these terminals the same? I think they are so user-UN-friendly. I can't copy-paste into the terminal, when I try opening textfiles, I can't scroll up and down easily. I cant save easily. Nothing is easy... Is it always like this with Ubuntu? Is there any way to make it easier? I use windows but I login to my vps provider with login details and then simply click "terminal" to open the terminal. Please help me out here

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  • Using udev to create a character device based on a driver being loaded

    - by SteveCB
    I'm in the process of setting up RAID monitoring for a number of Dell servers that use the PERC 6i integrated card. We're using Nagios at present and the check_megasasctl plugin seems to fit the bill. However, the plugin relies upon the existence of: /dev/megaraid_sas_ioctl_node This device node doesn't exist by default, you have to create it by hand using something like: mknod /dev/megaraid_sas_ioctl_node c 253 0 Now, to make the existence of this device node persistent across reboots, I thought I could write a udev rule, but as usual, I'm missing something. I thought I could create a file such as /etc/udev/rules.d/10-local/rules that contained: DRIVER=="megasas" NAME="megaraid_sas_ioctl_node" MODE="0600" But this doesn't work - no device node after a reboot. Dmesg output indicates the megasas driver is loaded and functional: megasas: 00.00.04.01-RH1 Thu July 10 09:41:51 PST 2008 megasas: 0x1000:0x0060:0x1028:0x1f0c: bus 1:slot 0:func 0 megasas: FW now in Ready state Further, I don't see any means to instruct udev on which type of device node to create: character or block. I suspect I'm failing to understand exactly how udev is meant to work. I realise I could just cheat and run MegaCLI in /etc/rc.local, redirecting output to /dev/null; it creates the megaraid_sas_ioctl_node device node as part of its execution. I just thought using udev rules would be a) cleaner and b) a useful learning exercise. Perhaps I should just dump the above mknod command in /etc/rc.local... So how do I get udev to create the /dev/megaraid_sas_ioctl_node device node based on the presence of the megasas driver? Cheers Steve

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  • Can start-stop-daemon use environmental variables?

    - by scottburton11
    I need to daemonize a Windows app running in Wine, and create a pid in /var/run. Since it requires an X11 session to run, I need to make sure the $DISPLAY variable is set in the running user's environment. Assuming I already have a X11 session running, with a given display, here's what the start-stop-daemon line looks like in my /etc/init.d script: start-stop-daemon --start --pidfile /var/run/wine-app.pid -m -c myuser -g mygroup -k 002 --exec /home/myuser/.wine/drive_c/Program\ Files/wine-app.exe Unfortunately, my version of start-stop-daemon on Ubuntu 8.04 doesn't have the -e option to set environmental variables. I gather that you could simply set $DISPLAY before the command, like so: VAR1="Value" start-stop-daemon ... But it doesn't work. Since I'm using the -c {user} option to run as a specific user, I'm guessing there's an environment switch and VAR1 is lost. I've tried exporting DISPLAY from the running user's .profile and/or .bashrc but it doesn't work either. Is there another way to do this? Is this even possible? Am I overlooking something? Many thanks

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  • Sendmail: external alias not receiving relayed mail under certain circumstances.

    - by ben
    I have set up an alias in /etc/mail/aliases like this: user: [email protected] This relay DOES work when I telnet to example.com 25 and send mail to [email protected] (where example.com is my domain); it indeed turns up in [email protected] inbox. Also mail sent from my server at example.com is generally deliverable to this same email address, [email protected]. HOWEVER, the relay DOES NOT work when I send mail from [email protected] to [email protected], expecting it to be relayed back to [email protected]. The mail.log shows it being received and sent just fine, so I guess it is being blocked by gmail for some reason. Why though? As I said, gmail generally does except mail from this server.

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  • Can't access individual samba shares

    - by Richard Maddis
    I've just installed CentOS and I'm configuring Samba. I have a share with the following in the smb.conf file: [storage] comment = Main storage for all use path = /share public = yes browseable = yes writable = yes printable = no write list = bob root create mask = 0775 guest ok = yes available = yes In Windows Explorer, I can reach the page listing all the shares on the server, but I click on the shares themselves, I get an error saying that the folder cannot be found. I have verified that the folder /share exists and I've also given it 777 permissions so it cannot be due to permissions. What is causing this? I can post more config files if necessary.

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  • how to setup kismet.conf on Ubuntu

    - by Registered User
    I installed Kismet on my Ubuntu 10.04 machine as apt-get install kismet every thing seems to work fine. but when I launch it I see following error kismet Launching kismet_server: //usr/bin/kismet_server Suid priv-dropping disabled. This may not be secure. No specific sources given to be enabled, all will be enabled. Non-RFMon VAPs will be destroyed on multi-vap interfaces (ie, madwifi-ng) Enabling channel hopping. Enabling channel splitting. NOTICE: Disabling channel hopping, no enabled sources are able to change channel. Source 0 (addme): Opening none source interface none... FATAL: Please configure at least one packet source. Kismet will not function if no packet sources are defined in kismet.conf or on the command line. Please read the README for more information about configuring Kismet. Kismet exiting. Done. I followed this guide http://www.ubuntugeek.com/kismet-an-802-11-wireless-network-detector-sniffer-and-intrusion-detection-system.html#more-1776 how ever in kismet.conf I am not clear with following line source=none,none,addme as to what should I change this to. lspci -vnn shows 0c:00.0 Network controller [0280]: Broadcom Corporation BCM4312 802.11b/g [14e4:4315] (rev 01) Subsystem: Dell Device [1028:000c] Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 17 Memory at f69fc000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16K] Capabilities: [40] Power Management version 3 Capabilities: [58] Vendor Specific Information <?> Capabilities: [e8] Message Signalled Interrupts: Mask- 64bit+ Queue=0/0 Enable- Capabilities: [d0] Express Endpoint, MSI 00 Capabilities: [100] Advanced Error Reporting <?> Capabilities: [13c] Virtual Channel <?> Capabilities: [160] Device Serial Number Capabilities: [16c] Power Budgeting <?> Kernel driver in use: wl Kernel modules: wl, ssb and iwconfig shows lo no wireless extensions. eth0 no wireless extensions. eth1 IEEE 802.11bg ESSID:"WIKUCD" Mode:Managed Frequency:2.462 GHz Access Point: <00:43:92:21:H5:09> Bit Rate=11 Mb/s Tx-Power:24 dBm Retry min limit:7 RTS thr:off Fragment thr:off Encryption key:off Power Managementmode:All packets received Link Quality=1/5 Signal level=-81 dBm Noise level=-90 dBm Rx invalid nwid:0 Rx invalid crypt:0 Rx invalid frag:0 Tx excessive retries:169 Invalid misc:0 Missed beacon:0 So what should I be putting in place of source=none,none,addme with output I mentioned above ?

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  • dhclient append settings from multiple DHCP servers

    - by Brian
    I have a server with two interfaces connected to two separate networks, using DHCP for both. When dhclient is writing /etc/resolv.conf, I would like it to append settings that aren't already there. For instance, if I receive from one DHCP server: nameserver 10.0.0.1 search one.mydomain.com and from another: nameserver 10.1.1.254 search two.mydomain.com Then resolv.conf should look like this: search one.mydomain.com two.mydomain.com nameserver 10.0.0.1 nameserver 10.1.1.254 At the moment, it seems the last dhclient overwrites whatever was there. I know I can preconfigure settings in dhclient.conf using supercede or append, but then I have to hard-code the values. I've scoured the man page for dhclient, but it seems like dhclient prefers to work alone (i.e. not in conjunction with any other dhclients)...or am I missing something?

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  • SSH: Configure ssh_config to use specific key file for a specific server fingerprint

    - by Penthi
    I have a key based login for a server. The IP and DNS of the server can change, because it is hosted on Amazon. Is there a way to configure the ssh client config to use the specific key file for this server only, when the fingerprint of the server matches? In other words: Normaly servers are matched by IP or DNS in the ssh client config. I want to do this by fingerprint, becaus IP and DNS can change.

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  • iptables -- OK, **now** am I doing it right?

    - by Agvorth
    This is a follow up to a previous question where I asked whether my iptables config is correct. CentOS 5.3 system. Intended result: block everything except ping, ssh, Apache, and SSL. Based on xenoterracide's advice and the other responses to the question (thanks guys), I created this script: # Establish a clean slate iptables -P INPUT ACCEPT iptables -P FORWARD ACCEPT iptables -P OUTPUT ACCEPT iptables -F # Flush all rules iptables -X # Delete all chains # Disable routing. Drop packets if they reach the end of the chain. iptables -P FORWARD DROP # Drop all packets with a bad state iptables -A INPUT -m state --state INVALID -j DROP # Accept any packets that have something to do with ones we've sent on outbound iptables -A INPUT -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT # Accept any packets coming or going on localhost (this can be very important) iptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT # Accept ICMP iptables -A INPUT -p icmp -j ACCEPT # Allow ssh iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT # Allow httpd iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT # Allow SSL iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT # Block all other traffic iptables -A INPUT -j DROP Now when I list the rules I get... # iptables -L -v Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 0 0 DROP all -- any any anywhere anywhere state INVALID 9 612 ACCEPT all -- any any anywhere anywhere state RELATED,ESTABLISHED 0 0 ACCEPT all -- lo any anywhere anywhere 0 0 ACCEPT icmp -- any any anywhere anywhere 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- any any anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:ssh 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- any any anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:http 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- any any anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:https 0 0 DROP all -- any any anywhere anywhere Chain FORWARD (policy DROP 0 packets, 0 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 5 packets, 644 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination I ran it and I can still log in, so that's good. Anyone notice anything major out of wack?

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