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• Any recommended books/resources on component-based design?

  - by user1163640

  I come from a background with heavy use of the classical object-oriented paradigm for software development. The company I am a part of switched to Unity not too long ago, and we're all very excited to get started using it However, one aspect that have sparked my interested, and which I think will become a very important part of our future development, is Unity's approach to component-based design with scripting; with less focus on typical hierarchical aspect. Question I was wondering if anyone could recommend any good books on this subject? I have had trouble finding any books or books with reliable reviews, and was wondering if anyone more experienced here had something to say on the issue? Any other kind of resource would be excellent too, I'm just interested in getting to learn everything I can about it. This is not meant as a discussion about best books or resources on the topic, but simply a question regarding any resources that any of you find useful. Thank you all for your time!

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• glutPostRedisplay() does not update display

  - by A D

  I am currently drawing a rectangle to the screen and would like to move it by using the arrow keys. However, when I press an arrow key the vertex data changes but the display does refresh to reflect these changes, even though I am calling glutPostRedisplay(). Is there something else that I must do? My code: #include <GL/glew.h> #include <GL/freeglut.h> #include <GL/freeglut_ext.h> #include <iostream> #include "Shaders.h" using namespace std; const int NUM_VERTICES = 6; const GLfloat POS_Y = -0.1; const GLfloat NEG_Y = -0.01; struct Vertex { GLfloat x; GLfloat y; Vertex() : x(0), y(0) {} Vertex(GLfloat givenX, GLfloat givenY) : x(givenX), y(givenY) {} }; Vertex left_paddle[NUM_VERTICES]; void init() { glClearColor(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); left_paddle[0] = Vertex(-0.95f, 0.95f); left_paddle[1] = Vertex(-0.95f, 0.0f); left_paddle[2] = Vertex(-0.85f, 0.95f); left_paddle[3] = Vertex(-0.85f, 0.95f); left_paddle[4] = Vertex(-0.95f, 0.0f); left_paddle[5] = Vertex(-0.85f, 0.0f); GLuint vao; glGenVertexArrays( 1, &vao ); glBindVertexArray( vao ); GLuint buffer; glGenBuffers(1, &buffer); glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, buffer); glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(left_paddle), NULL, GL_STATIC_DRAW); GLuint program = init_shaders( "vshader.glsl", "fshader.glsl" ); glUseProgram( program ); GLuint loc = glGetAttribLocation( program, "vPosition" ); glEnableVertexAttribArray( loc ); glVertexAttribPointer( loc, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, 0); glBindVertexArray(vao); } void movePaddle(Vertex* array, GLfloat change) { for(int i = 0; i < NUM_VERTICES; i++) { array[i].y = array[i].y + change; } glutPostRedisplay(); } void special( int key, int x, int y ) { switch ( key ) { case GLUT_KEY_DOWN: movePaddle(left_paddle, NEG_Y); break; } } void display() { glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 6); glutSwapBuffers(); } int main(int argc, char **argv) { glutInit(&argc, argv); glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_RGB); glutInitWindowSize(500,500); glutCreateWindow("Rectangle"); glewInit(); init(); glutDisplayFunc(display); glutSpecialFunc(special); glutMainLoop(); return 0; }

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• Touching a CGRect

  - by Coder404

  In my cocos2d app I am trying to determine when a CCSprite is touched Here is what I have: -(BOOL)ccTouchBegan:(UITouch *)touch withEvent:(UIEvent *)event{ NSMutableArray *targetsToDelete = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init]; for (CCSprite *target in _targets) { CGRect targetRect = CGRectMake(target.position.x - (target.contentSize.width/2), target.position.y - (target.contentSize.height/2), 27, 40); CGPoint touchLocation = [self convertTouchToNodeSpace:touch]; if (CGRectContainsPoint(targetRect, touchLocation)) { NSLog(@"Moo cheese!"); } } return YES; } For some reason it does not work. Can someone help me?

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• Creating a WARP device in managed DirectX

  - by arex

  I have a very old graphic card that only supports shader model 2, but I need shader model 3 or up for the app I am developing. I tried to use a reference device but it seems to run very slowly, then I found some samples in C++ that allows me to change to a WARP device and the performance is good. I am using C# and I don't know how to create such type of device. So the question is: how do I create a WARP device in C#? Thanks in advance.

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• How to draw a spotlight in 3D

  - by RecursiveCall

  To be clear, I am not talking about the light result (the lit area) but the spotlight itself, like this The two common suggestions that I tried are 2D image and a 3D cone. The problem with the pre-regenerated 2D image is that it always look 2D and flat no matter how it is rotated in world space. The cone on the other hand is next to impossible to control when it comes to fade distance, it doesn't look soft (smooth) and it is expensive to compute.

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• Problem playing repeat animation/action?

  - by Beast

  I'm calling this function on multiple sprites after checking numberOfRunningActions()"to play same animation but it's not working only the first tagged sprite plays the animation. What am I doing wrong? void CGame::playAnimation(const char* filename, int tag, CCLayer* target) { CCAnimation* animation = CCAnimation::animation(); CCSprite* spriteSheet = CCSprite::spriteWithFile(filename); for(int i = 0; i < spriteSheet->getTexture()->getPixelsWide()/SIZE; i++) // SIZE is an int value { animation->addFrameWithTexture(spriteSheet->getTexture(), CCRect(SIZE * i, 0, SIZE, SIZE)); } CCActionInterval* action = CCAnimate::actionWithDuration(1, animation, true); CCRepeatForever* repeatAction = CCRepeatForever::actionWithAction(action); target->getChildByTag(tag)->runAction(repeatAction); }

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• How do I create a fire sphere (fireball) in opengl? (opengl Visual C++)

  - by gn66

  I'm making an evil Pacman in OpenGL and I need to make my spheres look like a fireballs, does anyone know how I do that? And what material colour should I use? Also, is there a colour palette to change the colour of my materials? This is how I create a sphere: GLfloat mat_ambient[] = { 0.25, 0.25, 0.25, 1.0 }; GLfloat mat_diffuse[] = { 0.4, 0.4, 0.4, 1.0 }; GLfloat mat_specular[] = { 0.774597, 0.774597, 0.774597, 1.0 }; GLfloat mat_shine = 0.6; glMaterialfv (GL_FRONT, GL_AMBIENT, mat_ambient); glMaterialfv (GL_FRONT, GL_DIFFUSE, mat_diffuse); glMaterialfv (GL_FRONT, GL_SPECULAR, mat_specular); glMaterialf (GL_FRONT, GL_SHININESS, mat_shine * 128); glPushMatrix(); glTranslatef(x,y,0); glutSolidSphere(size, 20, 10); glFlush(); glPopMatrix();

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• Particle system lifetimes in OpenGL ES 2

  - by user16547

  I don't know how to work with my particle's lifetimes. My design is simple: each particle has a position, a speed and a lifetime. At each frame, each particle should update its position like this: position.y = position.y + INCREMENT * speed.y However, I'm having difficulties in choosing my INCREMENT. If I set it to some sort of FRAME_COUNT, it looks fine until FRAME_COUNT has to be set back to 0. The effect will be that all particles start over at the same time, which I don't want to happen. I want my particles sort of live "independent" of each other. That's the reason I need a lifetime, but I don't know how to make use of it. I added a lifetime for each particle in the particle buffer, but I also need an individual increment that's updated on each frame, so that when PARTICLE_INCREMENT = PARTICLE_LIFETIME, each increment goes back to 0. How can I achieve something like that?

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• Rendering only a part of text FTGL, OpenGL

  - by Mosquito

  I'm using FTGL library to render text in my C++ project. I can easily render text by using: CFontManager::Instance().renderWrappedText(font, lineLength, position, text); Unfortunately there is a situation in which this Button which displays text, is partly hidden because of resizing container in which it is situated. I'm able without any problem to draw Button's background to fit the container, but I've got a problem with doing the same with a text. Is it possible to somehow draw only text for given width and the rest just ignore? This is a screen which presents my problem: As you can see, the Button "Click here" is being drawn properly, but I can't do the same with "Click here" text.

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• How do professional games avoid showing pixel seams in adjacent mesh boundaries due to decimal imprecision?

  - by ufomorace

  Graphics cards are mathematically imprecise. So when some meshes are joined by their borders, the graphics card often makes mistakes and decides that some pixels at the seam represent neither object, and unwanted pixels appear. It's a natural behaviour on all graphics cards. How are such worries avoided in Pro Games? Batching? Shaders? Different tangent vectors? Merging? Overlaping seams? Dark backgrounds? Extra vertices at borders? Z precision? Camera distance tweaks? Screencap of a fix that ended up not working:

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• opengl memory issue - quite strange.

  - by user4707

  Hello, I have heard that textures consumes lot of memory but I am surprised how much.... I have 7 textures 1024 16 bit each. And while I will run my app it consumes 57MB of memory. I think that this is "a bit" too much. I am writing 2D application (no cocos or other framework) Strange is that while I will compile my app with disabled rendering methods: glDrawArrays than It uses only 27MB.... which is about 30MB less... Do you have any Idea why? I am creating textures before rendering of course: rendering looks like this: [EAGLContext setCurrentContext:context]; glBindFramebufferOES(GL_FRAMEBUFFER_OES, defaultFramebuffer); glClearColor(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f); glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT); glPushMatrix(); glEnableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY); glEnableClientState(GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY); glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D); glEnable(GL_BLEND); glBlendFunc(GL_SRC_ALPHA, GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA); TeksturaObrazek *obrazek_klaw =[[AppDirector sharedAppDirector] obrazek_klaw]; glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, [[obrazek_klaw image_texture] name] ); glVertexPointer(2, GL_FLOAT, 0,vertex1); glTexCoordPointer(2, GL_FLOAT, 0, vertex2); glColor4f(1,1,1,alpha); glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 0, 4); glDisable(GL_BLEND); glDisable(GL_TEXTURE_2D); glDisableClientState(GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY); glPopMatrix(); [context presentRenderbuffer:GL_RENDERBUFFER_OES]; It looks like standard routine... I have spent about 2 days looking for for answer and I still have no clue.

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• Retrieve the coordinates of the *occluding* (closest/drawn) pixels during 3D overlap, using OpenGL?

  - by Big Rich

  Hi, Sorry if the question is not worded well, I'm a new to both 3D and OpenGL. How could I go about obtaining the 3D coordinates of the occluding object, at the point where occlusion is happening (i.e. the 'intersection' of the object in front/closest to the screen)? Just to offer a [very] rudimentary, visual, example, if you were to form an index-finger cross, with your right hand closest to your face, I'd like to know the coordinates of the part of your right finger which obscures the other finger (obviously back within the OpenGL context - no jokers ;-) ). If there is a way to find out both about the occluder (hider) and the occluded (hidden) objects in OpenGL, then that would be of great use, also. Cheers Rich

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• Common light map practices

  - by M. Utku ALTINKAYA

  My scene consists of individual meshes. At the moment each mesh has its associated light map texture, I was able to implement the light mapping using these many small textures. 1) Of course, I want to create an atlas, but how do you split atlases to pages, I mean do you group the lm's of objects that are close to each other, and load light maps on the fly if scene is expected to be big. 2) the 3d authoring software provides automatic uv coordinates for each mesh in the scene, but there are empty areas in the texel space, so if I scale the texture polygons the texel density of each face wil not match other meshes, if I create atlas like that there will be varying lm resolution, how do you solve this, just leave it as it is, or ignore resolution ? Actually these questions also applies to other non tiled maps.

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• Hit Detection When rotating the camera

  - by SD1990

  This bug/feature has been plaguing me for a while and i want to know the best way to fix it. I'm testing simple hit detection with a wall, like: if (Forward button) if(Inv.w.z < -49 || Inv.w.z > 49) pos.z = 0.0f; else if(Inv.w.x < -49 || Inv.w.x > 49) pos.z = 0.0f; else pos.z = +1.0f; where Inv.w. is the camera positions. Now obviously when i now hit that certain point i can no longer move away from the wall or anywhere in fact. How can i change this code to allow for the camera to be turned away from the wall so therefore i should be allowed to move? for example, the player hits the wall and i cant move until i turn around or to the side? I know its something to do with velocity but im pretty new to this so please bare with me if this is easy.

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• How to implement custom texture formats in Android?

  - by random1337

  What I know: Android can load PNG, BMP, WEBP,... via BitmapFactory. What I want to achive: Load my own 2D file format (e.g. 1-bit texture with a 1-bit alpha channel) and output a RGBA8888 texture. Question: Is there any interface to achieve this?(or any other way) The resulting image is used as a texture for a 3D model. Why would you do that? Saving phone memory and download bandwidth while expanding the texture at runtime to RAM seems reasonable for very simple textures.

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• Lwjgl camera causing movement to be mirrored

  - by pangaea

  I'm having a problem in that everything is rendered and the movement is fine. However, everything seems to be mirrored. In the sense that the TriangleMob should move towards me, but it doesn't instead it mirrors my action. I move forward the TriangleMob moves backwards. I move left, it moves right. I move backwards, it moves forward. The code works if I do this glPushMatrix(); glTranslatef(-position.x, -position.y, -position.z); glCallList(objectDisplayList); glPopMatrix(); However, I'm scared this will cause a problem later on. I suppose the code works. However, shouldn't the call be glPushMatrix(); glTranslatef(position.x, position.y, position.z); glCallList(objectDisplayList); glPopMatrix(); I think the problem could be caused by how I'm doing the camera, which is this glLoadIdentity(); glRotatef(player.getRotation().x, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); glRotatef(player.getRotation().y, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); glRotatef(player.getRotation().z, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f); glTranslatef(player.getPosition().x, player.getPosition().y, player.getPosition().z);

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• Changing location after CommitAnimations

  - by Will Youmans

  I'm using the following code to move a UIImageView: shootImg.image = [UIImage imageNamed:@"Projectile Left 1.png"]; [UIView beginAnimations:nil context:nil]; shootImg.center = CGPointMake(shootImg.center.x+1000, shootImg.center.y); [UIView commitAnimations]; This works but what I want to do is after [UIView CommitAnimations]; I want to set the location of shootImg using CGPointMake. If I just put it after commitAnimations then the animation doesn't fully complete. Any suggestions? I'm not using any frameworks like cocos2d and if you need to see any more code just ask.

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• How can I calculate the angle between two 2D vectors?

  - by Error 454

  I am working on some movement AI where there are no obstacles and movement is restricted to the XY plane. I am calculating two vectors, v, the facing direction of ship 1, and w, the vector pointing from the position of ship 1 to ship 2. I am then calculating the angle between these two vectors using the formula arccos((v · w) / (|v| · |w|)) The problem I'm having is that arccos only returns values between 0° and 180°. This makes it impossible to determine whether I should turn left or right to face the other ship. Is there a better way to do this?

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• How do I retain previously drawn graphics?

  - by Cromanium

  I've created a simple program that draws lines from a fixed point to a random point each frame. I wanted to keep each line on the screen. However, it always seems to be cleared each time it draws on the spriteBatch even without GraphicsDevice.Clear(color) being called. What seems to be the problem? protected override void Draw(GameTime gameTime) { spriteBatch.Begin(); DrawLine(spriteBatch); spriteBatch.End(); base.Draw(gameTime); } private void DrawLine(SpriteBatch spriteBatch) { Random r = new Random(); Vector2 a = new Vector2(50, 100); Vector2 b = new Vector2(r.Next(0, 640), r.Next(0,480)); Texture2D filler= new Texture2D(GraphicsDevice, 1, 1, false, SurfaceFormat.Color); filler.SetData(new[] { Color.Black }); float length = Vector2.Distance(a, b); float angle = (float)Math.Atan2(b.Y - a.Y, b.X - a.X); spriteBatch.Draw(filler, a, null, Color.Black, angle, Vector2.Zero, new Vector2(length,10.0f), SpriteEffects.None, 0f); } What am I doing wrong?

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• How to render a texture partly transparent?

  - by megamoustache

  Good Morning StackOverflow, I'm having a bit of a problem right now as I can't seem to find a way to render part of a texture transparently with openGL. Here is my setting : I have a quad, representing a wall, covered with this texture (converted to PNG for uploading purposes). Obviously, I want the wall to be opaque, except for the panes of glass. There is another plane behind the wall which is supposed to show a landscape. I want to see the landscape from behind the window. Each texture is a TGA with alpha channel. The "landscape" is rendered first, then the wall. I thought it would be sufficient to achieve this effect but apparently it's not the case. The part of the window supposed to be transparent is black and the landscape only appears when I move past the wall. I tried to fiddle with GLBlendFunc() after having enabled it but it doesn't seem to do the trick. Am i forgetting an important step ? Thank you :)

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• gradient coloring of an object

  - by perrakdar

  I have an object(FBX format) in my project, it's a line drawn in 3D max. I want to color the line in XNA so that the color starts from a specific RGB color in both the start and end points of the line and finish in a specific RGB color.(e.x., from (255,255,255) to (128,128,128). Something like gradient coloring of an object. I need to do that programmatically, since later in my code I have to change these two specific colors a lot.

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• How to detect and collide two elastic line segments?

  - by Tautrimas

  There are 4 moving physical nodes in 3D space. They are paired with two elastic line segments / strings (1 <- 2; 3 <- 4). Part I: How to detect the collision of two segments? Part II: On the moment of collision, fifth node is created at the intersection point and here you have the force-based graph. 5-th node (bend point) can slide among the strings as in a real world. Given the new coordinates of 4 nodes, how to calculate the position of the 5-th node on the next frame? I assume string force on the nodes to be F = -k * x where x is the string length. All I came up to is that the force between 5 and 1 equals 5 and 2 (the same with 3 and 4). What are the other properties?.

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• How can I keep straight alpha during rendering particles?

  - by April

  Rencently,I was trying to save textures of 3D particles so that I can reuse the in 2D rendering.Now I had some problem with alpha channel.Some artist told me I that my textures should have unpremultiplied alpha channel.When I try to get the rgb value back,I got strange result.Some area went lighter and even totally white.I mainly focus on additive and blend mode,that is: ADDITIVE: srcAlpha VS 1 BLEND: srcAlpha VS 1-srcAlpha I tried a technique called premultiplied alpha.This technique just got you the right rgb value,its all you need on screen.As for alpha value,it worked well with BLEND mode,but not ADDITIVE mode.As you can see in parameters,BLEND mode always controlled its value within 1.While ADDITIVE mode cannot guarantee. I want proper alpha,but it just got too big or too small consider to rgb.Now what can I do?Any help will be great thankful. PS:If you don't understand what I am trying to do,there is a commercial software called "Particle Illusion".You can create various particles and then save the scene to texture,where you can choose to remove background of particles. Now,I changed the title.For some software like maya or AE,what I want is called [straight alpha].

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• Size of an image imported with FreeImage

  - by KaiserJohaan

  I'm having abit of a brainfart and I can't quite grasp what I'm doing wrong. It's quite simple, I am importing an image with FreeImage (http://freeimage.sourceforge.net/) which has a method FreeImage_GetBits that returns a pointer to the first byte of the image data. I then try to load all the data into memory using (bitsperpixel / 8) * pixelsWidth ' pixelHeight, like this: uint32_t bitsPerPixel = FreeImage_GetBPP(bitmap); // resolves to 24 uint32_t widthInPixels = FreeImage_GetWidth(bitmap); // resolves to 1024 uint32_t heightInPixels = FreeImage_GetHeight(bitmap); // resolves to 1024 // container is a std::vector<uint8_t> pkgMaterial.mTextureData.insert(pkgMaterial.mTextureData.begin(), FreeImage_GetBits(bitmap), FreeImage_GetBits(bitmap) + ((bitsPerPixel/8) * widthInPixels * heightInPixels)); I have a jpg which is 31 kilobytes in size on disc. Yet when I load it using the above formula, I see the vector is then filled with 3145728 bytes, which is approx 3145 kilobytes. What am I doing wrong?

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• Split Texture2D Across Line

  - by Simie

  Background I'm using a texture as a damage map represented by an array of floats for displaying damage effects on a space ship in a process. An upside of this is being able to 'slice' ships in half, using an input damage map with a line down the middle, as shown in the diagram below. Question However, I'm encountering problems separating this split ship into two different entities. I would like to be able to split the image down the 'damage line', in a process similar to this: I don't have much idea where to start detecting the red line above. Any advice would be welcome.

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