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• Static variables in C and C++

  - by Naveen

  Is there any difference between a variable declared as static outside any function between C and C++. I read that static means file scope and the variables will not be accessible outside the file. I also read that in C, global variables are static . So does that mean that global variables in C can not be accessed in another file?

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• Passing variables, creating instances, self, The mechanics and usage of classes: need explenation

  - by Baf

  I've been sitting over this the whole day and Im a little tired already so please excuse me being brief. Im new to python. I just rewrrote a working program, into a bunch of functions in a class and everzthings messed up. I dont know if its me but Im very surprised i couldn t find a beginners tutorial on how to handle classes on the web so I have a few questions. First of all, in the init section of the class i have declared a bunch of variables with self.variable=something. Is it correct that i should be able to access/modify these variables in every function of the class by using self.variable in that function? In other words by declaring self.variable i have made these variables, global variables in the scope of the class right? If not how do i handle self. ? Secondly how do i correctly pass arguments to the class? some example code would be cool. thirdly how do i call a function of the class outside of the class scope? some example code would be cool. fouthly how do I create an Instance of the class INITIALCLASS in another class OTHERCLASS, passing variables from OTHERCLASS to INITIALCLASS? some example code would be cool. I Want to call a function from OTHERCLASS with arguments from INITIALCLASS. What Ive done so far is. class OTHERCLASS(): def __init__(self,variable1,variable2,variable3): self.variable1=variable1 self.variable2=variable2 self.variable3=variable3 def someotherfunction(self): something=somecode(using self.variable3) self.variable2.append(something) print self.variable2 def somemorefunctions(self): self.variable2.append(variable1) class INITIALCLASS(): def __init__(self): self.variable1=value1 self.variable2=[] self.variable3='' self.DoIt=OTHERCLASS(variable1,variable2,variable3) def somefunction(self): variable3=Somecode #tried this self.DoIt.someotherfunctions() #and this DoIt.someotherfunctions() I clearly havent understood how to pass variables to classes or how to handle self, when to use it and when not, I probably also havent understood how to properly create an isntance of a class. In general i havent udnerstood the mechanics of classes So please help me and explain it to me like i have no Idea( which i dont it seems). Or point me to a thorough video, or readable tutorial. All i find on the web is super simple examples, that didnt help me much. Or just very short definitions of classes and class methods instances etc. I can send you my original code if you guys want, but its quite long. Thanks for the Help Much appreciated!

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• Ant trouble with environment variables on Ubuntu

  - by Inaimathi

  Having some trouble with with ant reading environment variables in Ubuntu 9.1. Specifically, the build tasks my company uses has a token like ${env.CATALINA_HOME] in the main build.xml. I set CATALINA_HOME to the correct value in /etc/environment, ~/.pam_environment and (just to be safe) my .bashrc. I can see the correct value when I run printenv from bash, or when I eval (getenv "CATALINA_HOME") in emacs. Ant refuses to build to the correct directory though; instead I get a folder named ${env.CATALINA_HOME} in the same directory as my build.xml. Any idea what's happening there, and/or how to fix it?

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• Using Apache Environment Variables to set custom ErrorDocument

  - by Tad

  I've got a set of RewriteCond rules that test for various mobile devices and then set environment variables like "env=device:.iphone" or "env=device:.smartphone" if the useragent matches an iPhone or Android device. I'm trying to now redirect the user to custom-styled 404/500 server error pages for each device, by way of the error pages. Ideally I'd like to be able to test for a variable being there, and then write in a custom ErrorDocument string. But an apache doesn't seem to work in this case. Any ideas how I can construct if/else tests in an apache conf file for environment vars?

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• /proc/pid/environ missing variables

  - by Josh Arenberg

  google is giving no love on this one today, so I turn to the experts... I'm currently hacking together a script that relies on the /proc/pid/environ feature in Linux (RHEL 4) to check for a particular environment variable. Trouble is, it seems certain environment variables aren't showing up in there for some reason. Example: create some test vars: $ export T_1=testval TEST_1=testval T=testval TESTING_LONGEST=testval open a subshell: $bash $ cat /proc/self/environ|tr "\0" "\n"|grep testval TESTVARIABLE_LONGEST=testval T=testval hmm... where did T_1 and TEST_1 go?? what rules govern this strange universe? Thanks in advance, Josh

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• Apache 403 Forbidden Error when accessing local web server using local IP address

  - by amjo324

  I have an odd problem when attempting to browse to pages stored on a local web server (Apache 2.2). The pages are served as expected when I browse to localhost or 127.0.0.1 on port 80. Yet when I attempt to browse to the same pages by referencing the local IP address (192.168.x.x), I receive a HTTP 403 (Forbidden) error. In essence, http://localhost:80 works but 192.168.x.x:80 doesn't even though I'm specifying the IP of the local machine. You may be thinking "who cares? just use localhost". However, this is the first step in troubleshooting why I cannot remotely access these pages from different hosts on my LAN. I'm presuming this can't be a firewall issue as I'm only connecting to the local machine. Even so, I verified there was no iptables rules that could be having an effect. I've checked the Apache error logs and the corresponding line of relevance is: [Sat Oct 19 07:38:35 2013] [error] [client 192.168.x.x] client denied by server configuration: /var/www/ I've inspected most of the apache config files and they don't appear to differ from what you would expect with a default install. I can't see anything in apache2.conf that would be a problem and httpd.conf is an empty file. This is an excerpt from /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/000-default: <VirtualHost *:80> ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost DocumentRoot /var/www <Directory /> Options FollowSymLinks AllowOverride None </Directory> <Directory /var/www/> Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews AllowOverride All Order allow,deny allow from all </Directory> Any insight as to where I can look next to find a solution ? Thanks in advance.

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• PsExec and Remote Environment Variables, Logging, Etc.

  - by alharaka

  When I run PsExec on a remote computer, I always fall short of what I want. What I would like ideally in most situations is a) a log on an admin server where each individual log has the name of each the remote computer it was generated from (e.g. COMPNAME1.log, COMPNAME2.log, etc.) or b) a log file on each remote computer with whatever name I specify. When I try scenario (a), I use the following command. %SystemDrive%\path\to\psexec.exe @listofcomputers.txt -u DOMAIN\username cmd /c echo TEST >> \\server.company.tld\share\%computername%.log Problem is that it never works. All the computers just write to the log where %computername% is just the computer I execute PsExec from in my office. What I want are unique logs for each computer specific in the listofcomputers.txt that will correctly use the hostname from the remote environment variable without issue. Is that even possible? It does not seem to work for me. I tried this, and the syntax is clearly wrong. %SystemDrive%\path\to\psexec.exe @listofcomputers.txt -u DOMAIN\username "cmd /c echo TEST >> \\server.company.tld\share\%computername%.log" PsExec just fails saying the system file cannot be found (read: syntax fail). As for scenario (b), it appears to be a variation of a similar problem. When I run a command like this, it does not work. %SystemDrive%\path\to\psexec.exe @listofcomputers.txt -u DOMAIN\username "cmd /c echo %computername% >> \\server.company.tld\share\aggregated.log" Is there something I do not understand about remote path and environment variables with PsExec on the cmd.exe console (I have not even tried the dreaded PowerShell yet). I know such things work in a batch file (cmd /c \\server.company.tld\share\runthis.bat), but is there a reason it will not work when executing commands as arguments? I always need this, and can never get it!

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• Can start-stop-daemon use environmental variables?

  - by scottburton11

  I need to daemonize a Windows app running in Wine, and create a pid in /var/run. Since it requires an X11 session to run, I need to make sure the $DISPLAY variable is set in the running user's environment. Assuming I already have a X11 session running, with a given display, here's what the start-stop-daemon line looks like in my /etc/init.d script: start-stop-daemon --start --pidfile /var/run/wine-app.pid -m -c myuser -g mygroup -k 002 --exec /home/myuser/.wine/drive_c/Program\ Files/wine-app.exe Unfortunately, my version of start-stop-daemon on Ubuntu 8.04 doesn't have the -e option to set environmental variables. I gather that you could simply set $DISPLAY before the command, like so: VAR1="Value" start-stop-daemon ... But it doesn't work. Since I'm using the -c {user} option to run as a specific user, I'm guessing there's an environment switch and VAR1 is lost. I've tried exporting DISPLAY from the running user's .profile and/or .bashrc but it doesn't work either. Is there another way to do this? Is this even possible? Am I overlooking something? Many thanks

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• Processes spawned by taskset not respecting environment variables

  - by jonesy16

  I've run into an issue where an intel compiler generated program that I'm running with taskset has been putting its temporary files into the working directory instead of /tmp (defined by environment variable TMPDIR). If run by itself, it works correctly. If run with taskset (e.g. taskset -c 0 <program> Then it seems to completely ignore the TMPDIR environment variable. I then verified this by writing a quick bash script as follows: contents of test.sh: #!/bin/bash echo $TMPDIR When run by itself: $ export TMPDIR=/tmp $ test.sh /tmp When run through taskset: $ export TMPDIR=/tmp $ taskset -c 1 test.sh "" Another test. If I export the TMPDIR variable inside of my script and then use taskset to spawn a new process, it doesn't know about that variable: #!/bin/bash export TMPDIR=/tmp taskset -c 1 sh -c export When run, the list of exported variables does not include TMPDIR. It works correctly with any other exported environment variable. If i diff the output of: export and taskset -c 1 bash -c export Then I see that there are 4 changes. The taskset spawned export doesn't have LD_LIBRARY_PATH, NLSPATH (intel compiler variable), SHLVL is 3 instead of 1, and TMPDIR is missing. Can anyone tell me why?

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• Local and public IPs on the same switch?

  - by Andrew

  It's all pretty much in the title. Is it possible to assign both local and public IPs to different nodes connected to the same switch? I have 4 servers with 2 gigabit ethernet ports each. I want one of each to have a public IP, and the remaining ports to have local IPs for server-to-server traffic. Sorry if it's a dumb question. I didn't see anything about it on here already.

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• WinXP environment variable for "local setting" folder

  - by Stan

  there's a %appdata% variable equals to C:\Documents and Settings\<username>\Application Data\. I wonder if there's a variable for either C:\Documents and Settings\<username>\Local Settings\ C:\Documents and Settings\<username>\Local Settings\Application Data\ Thanks.

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• A deadlock was detected while trying to lock variables in SSIS

  Error: 0xC001405C at SQL Log Status: A deadlock was detected while trying to lock variables "User::RowCount" for read/write access. A lock cannot be acquired after 16 attempts. The locks timed out. Have you ever considered variable locking when building your SSIS packages? I expect many people haven’t just because most of the time you never see an error like the one above. I’ll try and explain a few key concepts about variable locking and hopefully you never will see that error. First of all, what is all this variable locking all about? Put simply SSIS variables have to be locked before they can be accessed, and then of course unlocked once you have finished with them. This is baked into SSIS, presumably to reduce the risk of race conditions, but with that comes some additional overhead in that you need to be careful to avoid lock conflicts in some scenarios. The most obvious place you will come across any hint of locking (no pun intended) is the Script Task or Script Component with their ReadOnlyVariables and ReadWriteVariables properties. These two properties allow you to enter lists of variables to be used within the task, or to put it another way, these lists of variables to be locked, so that they are available within the task. During the task pre-execute phase the variables and locked, you then use them during the execute phase when you code is run, and then unlocked for you during the post-execute phase. So by entering the variable names in one of the two list, the locking is taken care of for you, and you just read and write to the Dts.Variables collection that is exposed in the task for the purpose. As you can see in the image above, the variable PackageInt is specified, which means when I write the code inside that task I don’t have to worry about locking at all, as shown below. public void Main() { // Set the variable value to something new Dts.Variables["PackageInt"].Value = 199; // Raise an event so we can play in the event handler bool fireAgain = true; Dts.Events.FireInformation(0, "Script Task Code", "This is the script task raising an event.", null, 0, ref fireAgain); Dts.TaskResult = (int)ScriptResults.Success; } As you can see as well as accessing the variable, hassle free, I also raise an event. Now consider a scenario where I have an event hander as well as shown below. Now what if my event handler uses tries to use the same variable as well? Well obviously for the point of this post, it fails with the error quoted previously. The reason why is clearly illustrated if you consider the following sequence of events. Package execution starts Script Task in Control Flow starts Script Task in Control Flow locks the PackageInt variable as specified in the ReadWriteVariables property Script Task in Control Flow executes script, and the On Information event is raised The On Information event handler starts Script Task in On Information event handler starts Script Task in On Information event handler attempts to lock the PackageInt variable (for either read or write it doesn’t matter), but will fail because the variable is already locked. The problem is caused by the event handler task trying to use a variable that is already locked by the task in Control Flow. Events are always raised synchronously, therefore the task in Control Flow that is raising the event will not regain control until the event handler has completed, so we really do have un-resolvable locking conflict, better known as a deadlock. In this scenario we can easily resolve the problem by managing the variable locking explicitly in code, so no need to specify anything for the ReadOnlyVariables and ReadWriteVariables properties. public void Main() { // Set the variable value to something new, with explicit lock control Variables lockedVariables = null; Dts.VariableDispenser.LockOneForWrite("PackageInt", ref lockedVariables); lockedVariables["PackageInt"].Value = 199; lockedVariables.Unlock(); // Raise an event so we can play in the event handler bool fireAgain = true; Dts.Events.FireInformation(0, "Script Task Code", "This is the script task raising an event.", null, 0, ref fireAgain); Dts.TaskResult = (int)ScriptResults.Success; } Now the package will execute successfully because the variable lock has already been released by the time the event is raised, so no conflict occurs. For those of you with a SQL Engine background this should all sound strangely familiar, and boils down to getting in and out as fast as you can to reduce the risk of lock contention, be that SQL pages or SSIS variables. Unfortunately we cannot always manage the locking ourselves. The Execute SQL Task is very often used in conjunction with variables, either to pass in parameter values or get results out. Either way the task will manage the locking for you, and will fail when it cannot lock the variables it requires. The scenario outlined above is clear cut deadlock scenario, both parties are waiting on each other, so it is un-resolvable. The mechanism used within SSIS isn’t actually that clever, and whilst the message says it is a deadlock, it really just means it tried a few times, and then gave up. The last part of the error message is actually the most accurate in terms of the failure, A lock cannot be acquired after 16 attempts. The locks timed out.  Now this may come across as a recommendation to always manage locking manually in the Script Task or Script Component yourself, but I think that would be an overreaction. It is more of a reminder to be aware that in high concurrency scenarios, especially when sharing variables across multiple objects, locking is important design consideration. Update – Make sure you don’t try and use explicit locking as well as leaving the variable names in the ReadOnlyVariables and ReadWriteVariables lock lists otherwise you’ll get the deadlock error, you cannot lock a variable twice!

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• Problem in binding XQuery variables to program variables

  - by metdos

  In Qt Website, it is mentioned that we can bind XQuery variables to program variables, but I didn't understand how it decides variable type (QVariant::String,QVariant::Int). As long as I see it doesn't use any XML Schema. Do you any idea about how it decides variable type?

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• Setting environment variables in OS X

  - by Percival Ulysses

  Despite the warning that questions that can be answered are preferred, this question is more a request for comments. I apologize for this, but I feel that it is valuable nonetheless. The problem to set up environment variables such that they are available for GUI applications has been around since the dawn of Mac OS X. The solution with ~/.MacOSX/environment.plist never satisfied me because it was not reliable, and bash style globbing wasn't available. Another solution is the use of Login Hooks with a suitable shell script, but these are deprecated. The Apple approved way for such functionality as provided by login hooks is the use of Launch Agents. I provided a launch agent that is located in /Library/LaunchAgents/: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd"> <plist version="1.0"> <dict> <key>Label</key> <string>user.conf.launchd</string> <key>Program</key> <string>/Users/Shared/conflaunchd.sh</string> <key>ProgramArguments</key> <array> <string>~/.conf.launchd</string> </array> <key>EnableGlobbing</key> <true/> <key>RunAtLoad</key> <true/> <key>LimitLoadToSessionType</key> <array> <string>Aqua</string> <string>StandardIO</string> </array> </dict> </plist> The real work is done in the shell script /Users/Shared/conflaunchd.sh, which reads ~/.conf.launchd and feeds it to launchctl: #! /bin/bash #filename="$1" filename="$HOME/.conf.launchd" if [ ! -r "$filename" ]; then exit fi eval $(/usr/libexec/path_helper -s) while read line; do # skip lines that only contain whitespace or a comment if [ ! -n "$line" -o `expr "$line" : '#'` -gt 0 ]; then continue; fi eval launchctl $line done <"$filename" exit 0 Notice the call of path_helper to get PATH set up right. Finally, ~/.conf.launchd looks like that setenv PATH ~/Applications:"${PATH}" setenv TEXINPUTS .:~/Documents/texmf//: setenv BIBINPUTS .:~/Documents/texmf/bibtex//: setenv BSTINPUTS .:~/Documents/texmf/bibtex//: # Locale setenv LANG en_US.UTF-8 These are launchctl commands, see its manpage for further information. Works fine for me (I should mention that I'm still a Snow Leopard guy), GUI applications such as texstudio can see my local texmf tree. Things that can be improved: The shell script has a #filename="$1" in it. This is not accidental, as the file name should be feeded to the script by the launch agent as an argument, but that doesn't work. It is possible to put the script in the launch agent itsself. I am not sure how secure this solution is, as it uses eval with user provided strings. It should be mentioned that Apple intended a somewhat similar approach by putting stuff in ~/launchd.conf, but it is currently unsupported as to this date and OS (see the manpage of launchd.conf). I guess that things like globbing would not work as they do in this proposal. Finally, I would mention the sources I used as information on Launch Agents, but StackExchange doesn't let me [1], [2], [3]. Again, I am sorry that this is not a real question, I still hope it is useful.

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• Slackware scripts started at boot time need env vars from /etc/profile.d/* to be set

  - by lisak

  Hey, I have this problem, that scripts started at boot time from rc.local don't have environment variables (defined at /etc/profile.d/*) set at the time of their startup. What should I do ? "su - lisak -c /opt/atlassian-jira-enterprise-4.1.1-standalone/bin/startup.sh" "su - lisak -c /opt/aaa2/at-22/bin/startup.sh"

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• Is it OK to use dynamic typing to reduce the amount of variables in scope?

  - by missingno

  Often, when I am initializing something I have to use a temporary variable, for example: file_str = "path/to/file" file_file = open(file) or regexp_parts = ['foo', 'bar'] regexp = new RegExp( regexp_parts.join('|') ) However, I like to reduce the scope my variables to the smallest scope possible so there is less places where they can be (mis-)used. For example, I try to use for(var i ...) in C++ so the loop variable is confined to the loop body. In these initialization cases, if I am using a dynamic language, I am then often tempted to reuse the same variable in order to prevent the initial (and now useless) value from being used latter in the function. file = "path/to/file" file = open(file) regexp = ['...', '...'] regexp = new RegExp( regexp.join('|') ) The idea is that by reducing the number of variables in scope I reduce the chances to misuse them. However this sometimes makes the variable names look a little weird, as in the first example, where "file" refers to a "filename". I think perhaps this would be a non issue if I could use non-nested scopes begin scope1 filename = ... begin scope2 file = open(filename) end scope1 //use file here //can't use filename on accident end scope2 but I can't think of any programming language that supports this. What rules of thumb should I use in this situation? When is it best to reuse the variable? When is it best to create an extra variable? What other ways do we solve this scope problem?

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• What is a user-friendly solution to editing email templates with replacement variables?

  - by Daniel Magliola

  I'm working on a system where we rely a lot of "admins / managers" emailing users from the database. One of the key features is being able to email several people at the same time, with specific information relevant to each of them. Another key feature is to be able to hand-craft emails, because it tends to be be necessary to slightly modify them each time, but having a basic template saves a lot of time. For this, we have the typical "templates" solution, where we have a template that looks kind of like this: Hello {{recipient.full_name}}, Your application to {{activity.title}} has been accepted. You have requested to participate on dates {{application.dates}}, in role {{application.role}} Blah blah blah The problem we are having is obviously that (as we expected), managers don't get the whole "variables" idea, and they do things like overwriting them, which doesn't let them email more than one person at a time, assuming those are not going to get replaced and that the system is broken, or even inexplicable things like "Hello {{John}}". The big problem is that this isn't relegated, as usual, to an "admin" section where only a few power users have access to editing the templates that are automatically send out, and they're expected to know what they are doing. Every user of the system gets exposed to this problem. The obvious solution would be to replace the variables before showing this template for the user to edit, but that doesn't work when emailing several people. This seems like a reasonably common problem, and we are kind of hoping that someone has already solved it. Have you seen anywhere/created/can think of good solutions to this problem?

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• Sendmail to local domain ignoring MX records (part 2)

  - by FractalizeR

  Hello. I have the exact problem, like in this post: http://serverfault.com/questions/25068/sendmail-to-local-domain-ignoring-mx-records I am also using email provider like GMail For Your Domain (which stores your mail and manages it). I am sending mail from my server directly, but receiving mail is done via Yandex (email provider). Since the server hosts forum, I prefer to send mail directly from it because using another mail provider can slow things. Also, when I send 300.000 emails to my subscribers, email provider will surely block me thinking I send spam. My DNS zone now is: ; ; GSMFORUM.RU ; $TTL 1H gsmforum.ru. SOA ns1.hc.ru. support.hc.ru. ( 2009122268 ; Serial 1H ; Refresh 30M ; Retry 1W ; Expire 1H ) ; Minimum gsmforum.ru. NS ns1.hc.ru. gsmforum.ru. NS ns2.hc.ru. @ A 79.174.68.223 *.gsmforum.ru. CNAME @ ns1 A 79.174.68.223 ns2 A 79.174.68.224 @ MX 10 mx.yandex.ru. mail CNAME domain.mail.yandex.net. yamail-xxxxxxxxx CNAME mail.yandex.ru. Server hostname is server.gsmforum.ru. May be this is the cause? Can someone explain the reason of the matter (the rules that make sendmail consider domain to be local)? Can I easily change *.gsmforum.ru. CNAME @ into *.gsmforum.ru. A 79.174.68.224 to solve this problem? [root@server ~]# cat /etc/mail/local-host-names localhost localhost.localdomain This server hosts gsmforum.ru so I cannot put it into another domain like David Mackintosh suggests. Putting domain in mailertable doesn't solve the problem also. sendmail -bt still shows, that address is local. DontProbeInterfaces is also set to true at sendmail config. M4 file follows: divert(-1)dnl dnl # dnl # This is the sendmail macro config file for m4. If you make changes to dnl # /etc/mail/sendmail.mc, you will need to regenerate the dnl # /etc/mail/sendmail.cf file by confirming that the sendmail-cf package is dnl # installed and then performing a dnl # dnl # make -C /etc/mail dnl # include(`/usr/share/sendmail-cf/m4/cf.m4')dnl VERSIONID(`setup for linux')dnl OSTYPE(`linux')dnl dnl # dnl # Do not advertize sendmail version. dnl # dnl define(`confSMTP_LOGIN_MSG', `$j Sendmail; $b')dnl dnl # dnl # default logging level is 9, you might want to set it higher to dnl # debug the configuration dnl # dnl define(`confLOG_LEVEL', `9')dnl dnl # dnl # Uncomment and edit the following line if your outgoing mail needs to dnl # be sent out through an external mail server: dnl # dnl define(`SMART_HOST', `smtp.your.provider')dnl dnl # define(`confDEF_USER_ID', ``8:12'')dnl dnl define(`confAUTO_REBUILD')dnl define(`confTO_CONNECT', `1m')dnl define(`confTRY_NULL_MX_LIST', `True')dnl define(`confDONT_PROBE_INTERFACES',`True') define(`PROCMAIL_MAILER_PATH', `/usr/bin/procmail')dnl define(`ALIAS_FILE', `/etc/aliases')dnl define(`STATUS_FILE', `/var/log/mail/statistics')dnl define(`UUCP_MAILER_MAX', `2000000')dnl define(`confUSERDB_SPEC', `/etc/mail/userdb.db')dnl define(`confPRIVACY_FLAGS', `authwarnings,novrfy,noexpn,restrictqrun')dnl define(`confAUTH_OPTIONS', `A')dnl dnl # dnl # The following allows relaying if the user authenticates, and disallows dnl # plaintext authentication (PLAIN/LOGIN) on non-TLS links dnl # dnl define(`confAUTH_OPTIONS', `A p')dnl dnl # dnl # PLAIN is the preferred plaintext authentication method and used by dnl # Mozilla Mail and Evolution, though Outlook Express and other MUAs do dnl # use LOGIN. Other mechanisms should be used if the connection is not dnl # guaranteed secure. dnl # Please remember that saslauthd needs to be running for AUTH. dnl # dnl TRUST_AUTH_MECH(`EXTERNAL DIGEST-MD5 CRAM-MD5 LOGIN PLAIN')dnl dnl define(`confAUTH_MECHANISMS', `EXTERNAL GSSAPI DIGEST-MD5 CRAM-MD5 LOGIN PLAIN')dnl dnl # dnl # Rudimentary information on creating certificates for sendmail TLS: dnl # cd /usr/share/ssl/certs; make sendmail.pem dnl # Complete usage: dnl # make -C /usr/share/ssl/certs usage dnl # dnl define(`confCACERT_PATH', `/etc/pki/tls/certs')dnl dnl define(`confCACERT', `/etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt')dnl dnl define(`confSERVER_CERT', `/etc/pki/tls/certs/sendmail.pem')dnl dnl define(`confSERVER_KEY', `/etc/pki/tls/certs/sendmail.pem')dnl dnl # dnl # This allows sendmail to use a keyfile that is shared with OpenLDAP's dnl # slapd, which requires the file to be readble by group ldap dnl # dnl define(`confDONT_BLAME_SENDMAIL', `groupreadablekeyfile')dnl dnl # dnl define(`confTO_QUEUEWARN', `4h')dnl dnl define(`confTO_QUEUERETURN', `5d')dnl dnl define(`confQUEUE_LA', `12')dnl dnl define(`confREFUSE_LA', `18')dnl define(`confTO_IDENT', `0')dnl dnl FEATURE(delay_checks)dnl FEATURE(`no_default_msa', `dnl')dnl FEATURE(`smrsh', `/usr/sbin/smrsh')dnl FEATURE(`mailertable', `hash -o /etc/mail/mailertable.db')dnl FEATURE(`virtusertable', `hash -o /etc/mail/virtusertable.db')dnl FEATURE(redirect)dnl FEATURE(always_add_domain)dnl FEATURE(use_cw_file)dnl FEATURE(use_ct_file)dnl dnl # dnl # The following limits the number of processes sendmail can fork to accept dnl # incoming messages or process its message queues to 20.) sendmail refuses dnl # to accept connections once it has reached its quota of child processes. dnl # dnl define(`confMAX_DAEMON_CHILDREN', `20')dnl dnl # dnl # Limits the number of new connections per second. This caps the overhead dnl # incurred due to forking new sendmail processes. May be useful against dnl # DoS attacks or barrages of spam. (As mentioned below, a per-IP address dnl # limit would be useful but is not available as an option at this writing.) dnl # dnl define(`confCONNECTION_RATE_THROTTLE', `3')dnl dnl # dnl # The -t option will retry delivery if e.g. the user runs over his quota. dnl # FEATURE(local_procmail, `', `procmail -t -Y -a $h -d $u')dnl FEATURE(`access_db', `hash -T<TMPF> -o /etc/mail/access.db')dnl FEATURE(`blacklist_recipients')dnl EXPOSED_USER(`root')dnl dnl # dnl # For using Cyrus-IMAPd as POP3/IMAP server through LMTP delivery uncomment dnl # the following 2 definitions and activate below in the MAILER section the dnl # cyrusv2 mailer. dnl # dnl define(`confLOCAL_MAILER', `cyrusv2')dnl dnl define(`CYRUSV2_MAILER_ARGS', `FILE /var/lib/imap/socket/lmtp')dnl dnl # dnl # The following causes sendmail to only listen on the IPv4 loopback address dnl # 127.0.0.1 and not on any other network devices. Remove the loopback dnl # address restriction to accept email from the internet or intranet. dnl # DAEMON_OPTIONS(`Name=MTA,Port=smtp') dnl # dnl # The following causes sendmail to additionally listen to port 587 for dnl # mail from MUAs that authenticate. Roaming users who can't reach their dnl # preferred sendmail daemon due to port 25 being blocked or redirected find dnl # this useful. dnl # dnl DAEMON_OPTIONS(`Port=submission, Name=MSA, M=Ea')dnl dnl # dnl # The following causes sendmail to additionally listen to port 465, but dnl # starting immediately in TLS mode upon connecting. Port 25 or 587 followed dnl # by STARTTLS is preferred, but roaming clients using Outlook Express can't dnl # do STARTTLS on ports other than 25. Mozilla Mail can ONLY use STARTTLS dnl # and doesn't support the deprecated smtps; Evolution <1.1.1 uses smtps dnl # when SSL is enabled-- STARTTLS support is available in version 1.1.1. dnl # dnl # For this to work your OpenSSL certificates must be configured. dnl # dnl DAEMON_OPTIONS(`Port=smtps, Name=TLSMTA, M=s')dnl dnl # dnl # The following causes sendmail to additionally listen on the IPv6 loopback dnl # device. Remove the loopback address restriction listen to the network. dnl # dnl DAEMON_OPTIONS(`port=smtp,Addr=::1, Name=MTA-v6, Family=inet6')dnl dnl # dnl # enable both ipv6 and ipv4 in sendmail: dnl # dnl DAEMON_OPTIONS(`Name=MTA-v4, Family=inet, Name=MTA-v6, Family=inet6') dnl # dnl # We strongly recommend not accepting unresolvable domains if you want to dnl # protect yourself from spam. However, the laptop and users on computers dnl # that do not have 24x7 DNS do need this. dnl # FEATURE(`accept_unresolvable_domains')dnl dnl # dnl FEATURE(`relay_based_on_MX')dnl dnl # dnl # Also accept email sent to "localhost.localdomain" as local email. dnl # LOCAL_DOMAIN(`localhost.localdomain')dnl dnl # dnl # The following example makes mail from this host and any additional dnl # specified domains appear to be sent from mydomain.com dnl # dnl MASQUERADE_AS(`mydomain.com')dnl dnl # dnl # masquerade not just the headers, but the envelope as well dnl # dnl FEATURE(masquerade_envelope)dnl dnl # dnl # masquerade not just @mydomainalias.com, but @*.mydomainalias.com as well dnl # dnl FEATURE(masquerade_entire_domain)dnl dnl # dnl MASQUERADE_DOMAIN(localhost)dnl dnl MASQUERADE_DOMAIN(localhost.localdomain)dnl dnl MASQUERADE_DOMAIN(mydomainalias.com)dnl dnl MASQUERADE_DOMAIN(mydomain.lan)dnl MAILER(smtp)dnl MAILER(procmail)dnl dnl MAILER(cyrusv2)dnl FEATURE(`dnsbl',`zen.spamhaus.org',`Rejected - your IP is blacklisted by http://www.spamhaus.org')

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• Evaluation of environment variables in command run by Java's Runtime.exec()

  - by Tom Duckering

  Hi, I have a scenarios where I have a Java "agent" that runs on a couple of platforms (specifically Windows, Solaris & AIX). I'd like to factor out the differences in filesystem structure by using environment variables in the command line I execute. As far as I can tell there is no way to get the Runtime.exec() method to resolve/evaluate any environment variables referenced in the command String (or array of Strings). I know that if push comes to shove I can write some code to pre-process the command String(s) and resolve enviroment variables by hand (using getEnv() etc). However I'm wondering if there is a smarter way to do this since I'm sure I'm not the only person wanting to do this and I'm sure there are pitfalls in "knocking up" my own implementation. Your guidance and suggestions are most welcome. edit: I would like to refer to environment variables in the command string using some consistent notation such as $VAR and/or %VAR%. Not fussed which. edit: To be clear I'd like to be able to execute a command such as: perl $SCRIPT_ROOT/somePerlScript.pl args on Windows and Unix hosts using Runtime.exec(). I specify the command in config file that describes a list of jobs to run and it has to be able to work cross platform, hence my thought that an environment variable would be useful to factor out the filesystem differences (/home/username/scripts vs C:\foo\scripts). Hope that helps clarify it. Thanks. Tom

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• Clone remote CentOS server to local test server?

  - by dannymcc

  We have a dedicated server running ContOS 5.5. The server runs our Magento store and a basic php website with mysql. I have a spare rack server in my office (HP ProLiant DL360 G4) that has more than enough storage space to store a duplicate of our dedicated server. I would like to clone the dedicated server entirely and have a local duplicate. It wouldn't need to be kept in sync because I can do that with GIT. The reason I want to do this is simple; learn more about the dedicated server and CentOS. Is this possible? I have SSH access to the dedicated server and obviously complete access to the local server.

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• PHP: Alternative to SESSIONS

  - by iamjonesy

  Hi, I have a PHP application that relies on session variables quite a lot. After login the user get redirected to a page that executes code to set up a load of session variables depending on who the user is. The application is using data from different sources and the sessions are used to store ID numbers to query the databases. So when the user goes to a page that will query their asset management system their ID for that particular database is called via the session. I've had a LOT of problems with session variables recently. Sometimes only one session file is created during the lifetime of the app, and sometimes each session request results in a new session id (still haven't managed to find out why!). My question is this. Is there an alternative to using session variables for this? Like globals or some other way? Any help most appreciated! Regards, Jonesy

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• Dropbox alternative with local sync support?

  - by srid

  I am currently using Dropbox. Just decided to sync my huge (about 5 GB) iTunes Library (music collection) in Dropbox. For that I must subscribe to their paid account. But before I do so, I'd like evaluate the alternatives. Is there an alternative that does this? Local LAN sync (eg: sync my huge music collection across computers in local network without uploading/downloading them to internet) The following would be nice (but not required): Native android client - so music will be made available in the Android music app / SDHC card Selective sync: sync particular folders / exclude certain folders on certain computers .. eg: excluding porn folder on work computers ;-) Just like Dropbox, it MUST work on 64-bit Windows, Linux and Mac. Know of any? (I am currently evaluating Spideroak. Boy, was it so complicated to use?)

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• Testing domains on intranet/local network?

  - by meder

  This may sound like a very silly question, but how could I setup domains ( eg www.foo.com ) on my local network? I know that all a domain is, is just a name registered to a name server and that nameserver has a zone record, and in the zone record there are several records of which the A Record is the most important in dictating where the lookup goes to, which machine it should point to. I basically want to make it so that I can refer to my other computer/webserver as 'www.foo.com' and make my local sites accessible by that, mess with virtualhost records in Apache and zone records for the domain except locally so I can explore and fiddle around and learn instead of having to rely on the domains I own on a public registrar that I could only access through the internet. Once again I apologize if this is a silly question, or if I'm completely thinking backwards. Background information: My OS is Debian, I'm a novice at Linux. I've done very small edits in zone records on a Bind9 Server but that's the extent of my networking experience.

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• WDS - Access to network share via local user

  - by Kenny Bones

  When installing Windows 7 using WDS, a local user account is used during the set up after the main image of Win7 is installed. And I've got this application that lies on the network and not the deploymentshare itself that I want to install. But logically I get no access to that share via the local user account. Is it possible to do this somehow? Or do I have to move the Share to the Deployment share? Or possibly map the share to a separate drive or something?

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• Windows 7, network shares, and authentication via local group instead of local user

  - by Donovan

  I have been doing some troubleshooting of my home network lately and have come to an odd conclusion that I was hoping to get some clarification on. I'm used to managing share permissions in a domain environment via groups instead of individual user accounts. I have a box at home running windows 7 ultimate and I decided to share some directories on that machine. I set it up to disallow guest access and require specifically granted permissions. (password moe?). Anyway, after a whole bunch of time i figured out that even though the shares I created were allowed via a local group i could not access them until i gave specific allowance to the intended user. I just didn't think i would have to do that. So here is the breakdown. Network is windows workgroup, not homegroup or nt domain PC_1 - win 7 ultimate - sharing in classic mode - user BOB - groups Admins PC_2 - win 7 starter - client - user BOB - groups admins PC_3 - win xp pro - client - user BOB - groups admins the share on PC_1 granted permission to only the local group administrators. local user BOB on PC_1 was a member of administrators. Both PC_2 and PC_3 could not browse the intended share on PC_1 because they were denied access. Also, no challenge was presented. They were simply denied. After adding BOB specifically to the intended share everything works just fine. Remember, its not an nt domain just a workgroup. But still, shouldn't i be able to manage share permissions via groups instead of individual user accounts? D.

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