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  • What are the benefits of designing a KeyBinding relay?

    - by Adam Naylor
    The input system of Quake3 is handled using a Keybinding relay, whereby each keypress is matched against a 'binding' which is then passed to the CLI along with a time stamp of when the keypress (or release) occurred. I just wanted to get an idea from developers what they considered to be the key benefits of designing your input system around this approach? One thing i don't particularly like is the appending of the timestamp to the bound command. This seems like a bit of a hack to bend the CLI into handling the games input? Also I feel that detecting the keypress only to add the command to a stream of text that gets parsed at a later date to be a slightly latent way of responding to input? (or is this unfounded?) The only real benefit i can see is that it allows you to bind 'complex' commands to keypresses; like 'switch weapon;+fire;' for example. Or maybe for journaling purposes? Thanks for any insights!

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  • OpenGL font rendering

    - by DEElekgolo
    I am trying to make an openGL text rendering class using FreeType. I was originally following this code but it doesn't seem to work out for me. I get nothing reguardless of what parameters I put for Draw(). class Font { public: Font() { if (FT_Init_FreeType(&ftLibrary)) { printf("Could not initialize FreeType library\n"); return; } glGenBuffers(1,&iVerts); } bool Load(std::string sFont, unsigned int Size = 12.0f) { if (FT_New_Face(ftLibrary,sFont.c_str(),0,&ftFace)) { printf("Could not open font: %s\n",sFont.c_str()); return true; } iSize = Size; FT_Set_Pixel_Sizes(ftFace,0,(int)iSize); FT_GlyphSlot gGlyph = ftFace->glyph; //Generating the texture atlas. //Rather than some amazing rectangular packing method, I'm just going //to have one long strip of letters with the height being that of the font size. int width = 0; int height = 0; for (int i = 32; i < 128; i++) { if (FT_Load_Char(ftFace,i,FT_LOAD_RENDER)) { printf("Error rendering letter %c for font %s.\n",i,sFont.c_str()); } width += gGlyph->bitmap.width; height += std::max(height,gGlyph->bitmap.rows); } //Generate the openGL texture glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0); //if I texture exists then delete it. iTexture ? glDeleteBuffers(1,&iTexture):0; glGenTextures(1,&iTexture); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D,iTexture); glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT,1); glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D,0,GL_ALPHA,width,height,0,GL_ALPHA,GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE,0); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR); //load the glyphs and set the glyph data int x = 0; for (int i = 32; i < 128; i++) { if (FT_Load_Char(ftFace,i,FT_LOAD_RENDER)) { //if it cant load the character continue; } //load the glyph map into the texture glTexSubImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D,0,x,0, gGlyph->bitmap.width, gGlyph->bitmap.rows, GL_ALPHA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, gGlyph->bitmap.buffer); //move the "pen" down the strip x += gGlyph->bitmap.width; chars[i].ax = (float)(gGlyph->advance.x >> 6); chars[i].ay = (float)(gGlyph->advance.y >> 6); chars[i].bw = (float)gGlyph->bitmap.width; chars[i].bh = (float)gGlyph->bitmap.rows; chars[i].bl = (float)gGlyph->bitmap_left; chars[i].bt = (float)gGlyph->bitmap_top; chars[i].tx = (float)x/width; } printf("Loaded font: %s\n",sFont.c_str()); return true; } void Draw(std::string sString,Vector2f vPos = Vector2f(0,0),Vector2f vScale = Vector2f(1,1)) { struct pPoint { pPoint() { x = y = s = t = 0; } pPoint(float a,float b,float c,float d) { x = a; y = b; s = c; t = d; } float x,y; float s,t; }; pPoint* cCoordinates = new pPoint[6*sString.length()]; int n = 0; for (const char *p = sString.c_str(); *p; p++) { float x2 = vPos.x() + chars[*p].bl * vScale.x(); float y2 = -vPos.y() - chars[*p].bt * vScale.y(); float w = chars[*p].bw * vScale.x(); float h = chars[*p].bh * vScale.y(); float x = vPos.x() + chars[*p].ax * vScale.x(); float y = vPos.y() + chars[*p].ay * vScale.y(); //skip characters with no pixels //still advances though if (!w || !h) { continue; } //triangle one cCoordinates[n++] = pPoint( x2 , -y2 , chars[*p].tx , 0); cCoordinates[n++] = pPoint( x2+w , -y2 , chars[*p].tx + chars[*p].bw / w , 0); cCoordinates[n++] = pPoint( x2 , -y2-h , chars[*p].tx , chars[*p].bh / h); cCoordinates[n++] = pPoint( x2+w , -y2 , chars[*p].tx + chars[*p].bw / w , 0); cCoordinates[n++] = pPoint( x2 , -y2-h , chars[*p].tx , chars[*p].bh / h); cCoordinates[n++] = pPoint( x2+w , -y2-h , chars[*p].tx + chars[*p].bw / w , chars[*p].bh / h); } glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER,iVerts); glBindBuffer(GL_TEXTURE_2D,iTexture); //Vertices glEnableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY); glVertexPointer(2,GL_FLOAT,sizeof(pPoint),&cCoordinates[0].x); //TexCoord 0 glClientActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0); glEnableClientState(GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY); glTexCoordPointer(2,GL_FLOAT,sizeof(pPoint),&cCoordinates[0].s); glCullFace(GL_NONE); glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER,6*sString.length(),cCoordinates,GL_DYNAMIC_DRAW); glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES,0,n); glCullFace(GL_BACK); glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER,0); glBindBuffer(GL_TEXTURE_2D,0); glDisableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY); glDisableClientState(GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY); } ~Font() { glDeleteBuffers(1,&iVerts); glDeleteBuffers(1,&iTexture); } private: unsigned int iSize; //openGL texture atlas unsigned int iTexture; //openGL geometry buffer; unsigned int iVerts; FT_Library ftLibrary; FT_Face ftFace; struct Character { float ax,ay;//Advance float bw,bh;//bitmap size float bl,bt;//bitmap left and top float tx; } chars[128]; };

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  • DirectX10 How to use Constant Buffers

    - by schnozzinkobenstein
    I'm trying to access some variables in my shader, but I think I'm doing this wrong. Say I have a constant buffer that looks like this: cbuffer perFrame { float foo; float bar; }; I got an ID3D10EffectConstantBuffer reference to it, and I can get a specific index by calling GetMemberByIndex, but how can I figure out how many members perFrame has so that I can get each member without going out of bounds?

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  • Small 3D Scene Graph

    - by Alon
    I'm looking for a 3D graphics library (not a complete game engine). Preferred a scene graph. Something small (unlike jME, XNA or Unity), that I can easily expand and change. Preferred features: Cross Platform Wrriten in Java/Scala (JOGL or LWJGL), C# (preferred OpenTK), Python or JavaScript/WebGL. Support for OpenGL is a must. Direct3D is optional. Some material system Full support for some model format with full animation support (preferred COLLADA) Level of Detail (LOD) support Lighting support Shaders, GUI, Input and Terrain/Water support are also preferred, but not required Thanks!

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  • Making entire scene fade to grayscale

    - by Fibericon
    When the player loses all of their lives, I want the entire game screen to go grayscale, but not stop updating immediately. I'd also prefer it fade to grayscale instead of suddenly lose all color. Everything I've found so far is either about taking a screenshot and making it grayscale, or making a specific texture grayscale. Is there a way to change the entire playing field and all objects within to grayscale without iterating through everything?

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  • OpenGL-ES: clearing the alpha of the FrameBufferObject

    - by MrDatabase
    This question is a follow-up to Texture artifacts on iPad How does one "clear the alpha of the render texture frameBufferObject"? I've searched around here, StackOverflow and various search engines but no luck. I've tried a few things... for example calling GlClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT) at the beginning of my render loop... but it doesn't seem to make a difference. Any help is appreciated since I'm still new to OpenGL. Cheers! p.s. I read on SO and in Apple's documentation that GlClear should always be called at the beginning of the renderLoop. Agree? Disagree? Here's where I read this: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2538662/how-does-glclear-improve-performance

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  • Finite state machine in C++

    - by Electro
    So, I've read a lot about using FSMs to do game state management, things like what and FSM is, and using a stack or set of states for building one. I've gone through all that. But I'm stuck at writing an actual, well-designed implementation of an FSM for that purpose. Specifically, how does one cleanly resolve the problem of transitioning between states, (how) should a state be able to use data from other states, and so on. Does anyone have any tips on designing and writing a implementation in C++, or better yet, code examples?

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  • Workflow with Flash Pro CS6 and FlashDevelop: Using fla and swc to store assets

    - by Arthur Wulf White
    I am using this tutorial: http://www.flashdevelop.org/wikidocs/index.php?title=AS3:FlexAndFlashCS3Workflow In the past older versions of Flash Pro I was able to complete these steps: right-click on the symbol in the Library panel, select "Linkage..." dialog, check "Export for ActionScript" and fill in the symbol name (ie. MySymbol_design or assets.MySymbol_design), do not change the base class (ie. flash.display.MovieClip). Right now, I am stuck at that part. Any hints? What I wish to do is: Use fla for the artist to store assets. Publish to swc Extract the assets in FlashDevelop by creating an instance of their class. ... How is this done in CS6? To clear things up, this is what I see when I right click a Flash symbol:

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  • Stage3D: Camera pans the whole screen

    - by Thomas Versteeg
    I am trying to create a 2D Stage3D game where you can move the camera around the level in an RTS style. I thought about using Orthographic Matrix3D functions for this but when I try to scroll the whole "stage" also scrolls. This is the Camera code: public function Camera2D(width:int, height:int, zoom:Number = 1) { resize(width, height); _zoom = zoom; } public function resize(width:Number, height:Number):void { _width = width; _height = height; _projectionMatrix = makeMatrix(0, width, 0, height); _recalculate = true; } protected function makeMatrix(left:Number, right:Number, top:Number, bottom:Number, zNear:Number = 0, zFar:Number = 1):Matrix3D { return new Matrix3D(Vector.<Number>([ 2 / (right - left), 0, 0, 0, 0, 2 / (top - bottom), 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 / (zFar - zNear), 0, 0, 0, zNear / (zNear - zFar), 1 ])); } public function get viewMatrix():Matrix3D { if (_recalculate) { _recalculate = false; _viewMatrix.identity(); _viewMatrix.appendTranslation( -_width / 2 - _x, -_height / 2 - y, 0); _viewMatrix.appendScale(_zoom, _zoom, 1); _renderMatrix.identity(); _renderMatrix.append(_viewMatrix); _renderMatrix.append(_projectionMatrix); } return _renderMatrix; } And the camera is send directly to the GPU with: c3d.setProgramConstantsFromMatrix(Context3DProgramType.VERTEX, 0, cameraMatrix, true); And these are the shaders: ------Vertex Shader------ m44 op, va0, vc0 mov v0, va1.xy mov v0.z, va0.z ------Fragment Shader------ tex ft0, v0, fs0 <2d,linear,nomip> mov oc, ft1 Here is a example and here are two screenshots to show what I mean: How do I only let the inside of the stage3D scroll and not the whole stage?

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  • Open source level editor for HTML5 platform game?

    - by Lai Yu-Hsuan
    A natty GUI editor is very helpful to create level map. I want to use some open-source choices rather than build my own from scratch. I found Tiled Map Editor but it doesn't work for what I want. Though I'm building HTML5 game, I don't have to use a HTML5 level editor as long as it can output well-formatted map files which my javascript can read. Edit: Sorry for the confusion. Tiled does not work for me because to make the player perform a 'tricky' jump, sometimes I want to set the distance between two platforms to, say, 7/3 or 8/3 tiles. But in Tiled I get only 2 or 3. If Tiled can do this, please teach me.

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  • Problem using glm::lookat

    - by omikun
    I am trying to rotate a sprite so it is always facing a 3D camera. Object GLfloat vertexData[] = { // X Y Z U V 0.0f, 0.8f, 0.0f, 0.5f, 1.0f, -0.8f,-0.8f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.8f,-0.8f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, }; Per frame transform glm::mat4 newTransform = glm::lookAt(glm::vec3(0), gCamera.position(), gCamera.up()); shaders->setUniform("camera", gCamera.matrix()); shaders->setUniform("model", newTransform); In the vertex shader: gl_Position = camera * model * vec4(vert, 1); The object will track the camera if I move the camera up or down, but if I move the camera left/right (spin the camera around the object's y axis), it will rotate in the other direction so I end up seeing its front twice and its back twice as I rotate around it 360. If I use -gCamera.up() instead, it would track the camera side to side, but spin the opposite direction when I move the camera up/down. What am I doing wrong?

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  • Heightmap in Shader not working

    - by CSharkVisibleBasix
    I'm trying to implement GPU based geometry clipmapping and have problems to apply a simple heightmap to my terrain. For the heightmap I use a simple texture with the surface format "single". I've taken the texture from here. To apply it to my terrain, I use the following shader code: texture Heightmap; sampler2D HeightmapSampler = sampler_state { Texture = <Heightmap>; MinFilter = Point; MagFilter = Point; MipFilter = Point; AddressU = Mirror; AddressV = Mirror; }; Vertex Shader: float4 worldPos = mul(float4(pos.x,0.0f,pos.y, 1.0f), worldMatrix); float elevation = tex2Dlod(HeightmapSampler, float4(worldPos.x, worldPos.z,0,0)); worldPos.y = elevation * 128; The complete vertex shader (also containig clipmapping transforms) looks like this: float4x4 View : View; float4x4 Projection : Projection; float3 CameraPos : CameraPosition; float LODscale; //The LOD ring index 0:highest x:lowest float2 Position; //The position of the part in the world texture Heightmap; sampler2D HeightmapSampler = sampler_state { Texture = <Heightmap>; MinFilter = Point; MagFilter = Point; MipFilter = Point; AddressU = Mirror; AddressV = Mirror; }; //Accept only float2 because we extract 3rd dim out of Heightmap float4 wireframe_VS(float2 pos : POSITION) : POSITION{ float4x4 worldMatrix = float4x4( LODscale, 0, 0, 0, 0, LODscale, 0, 0, 0, 0, LODscale, 0, - Position.x * 64 * LODscale + CameraPos.x, 0, Position.y * 64 * LODscale + CameraPos.z, 1); float4 worldPos = mul(float4(pos.x,0.0f,pos.y, 1.0f), worldMatrix); float elevation = tex2Dlod(HeightmapSampler, float4(worldPos.x, worldPos.z,0,0)); worldPos.y = elevation * 128; float4 viewPos = mul(worldPos, View); float4 projPos = mul(viewPos, Projection); return projPos; }

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  • libgdx rotation (animation, arrays) issues and help needed

    - by johnny-b
    well i am a noob at java and libgdx. i got the homing bullet working with the help of someone. now i am smashing my head as to how i can make it rotate so it faces the ball (which is the main character) when it goes around it or when it is coming towards it. the bullet is facing <--- and the code below is what i have done so far. also i used sprites for the bullet and also animation method. Also how do i make it an array/arraylist which is best so i can have multiple bullets at random or placed places. i tried many things nothing workd :( thank you for the help. // below is the bullet or enemy if you want to call it. public class Bullet extends Sprite { public static final float BULLET_HOMING = 6000; public static final float BULLET_SPEED = 300; private Vector2 velocity; private float lifetime; public Bullet(float x, float y) { velocity = new Vector2(0, 0); setPosition(x, y); } public void update(float delta) { float targetX = GameWorld.getBall().getX(); float targetY = GameWorld.getBall().getY(); float dx = targetX - getX(); float dy = targetY - getY(); float distToTarget = (float) Math.sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy); dx /= distToTarget; dy /= distToTarget; dx *= BULLET_HOMING; dy *= BULLET_HOMING; velocity.x += dx * delta; velocity.y += dy * delta; float vMag = (float) Math.sqrt(velocity.x * velocity.x + velocity.y * velocity.y); velocity.x /= vMag; velocity.y /= vMag; velocity.x *= BULLET_SPEED; velocity.y *= BULLET_SPEED; Vector2 v = velocity.cpy().scl(delta); setPosition(getX() + v.x, getY() + v.y); setOriginCenter(); setRotation(velocity.angle()); lifetime += delta; setRegion(AssetLoader.bulletAnimation.getKeyFrame(lifetime)); } } // this is where i load the images. public class AssetLoader { public static Animation bulletAnimation; public static Sprite bullet1, bullet2; public static void load() { texture = new Texture(Gdx.files.internal("SpriteN1.png")); texture.setFilter(TextureFilter.Nearest, TextureFilter.Nearest); bullet1 = new Sprite(texture, 380, 350, 45, 20); bullet1.flip(false, true); bullet2 = new Sprite(texture, 425, 350, 45, 20); bullet2.flip(false, true); Sprite[] bullets = { bullet1, bullet2 }; bulletAnimation = new Animation(0.06f, aims); bulletAnimation.setPlayMode(Animation.PlayMode.LOOP); } public static void dispose() { // We must dispose of the texture when we are finished. texture.dispose(); } // this is for the rendering of the images etc public class GameRenderer { private Bullet bullet; private Ball ball; public GameRenderer(GameWorld world) { myWorld = world; cam = new OrthographicCamera(); cam.setToOrtho(true, 480, 320); batcher = new SpriteBatch(); // Attach batcher to camera batcher.setProjectionMatrix(cam.combined); shapeRenderer = new ShapeRenderer(); shapeRenderer.setProjectionMatrix(cam.combined); // Call helper methods to initialize instance variables initGameObjects(); initAssets(); } private void initGameObjects() { ball = GameWorld.getBall(); bullet = myWorld.getBullet(); scroller = myWorld.getScroller(); } private void initAssets() { ballAnimation = AssetLoader.ballAnimation; bulletAnimation = AssetLoader.bulletAnimation; } public void render(float runTime) { Gdx.gl.glClearColor(0, 0, 0, 1); Gdx.gl.glClear(GL30.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT); batcher.begin(); // Disable transparency // This is good for performance when drawing images that do not require // transparency. batcher.disableBlending(); // The ball needs transparency, so we enable that again. batcher.enableBlending(); batcher.draw(AssetLoader.ballAnimation.getKeyFrame(runTime), ball.getX(), ball.getY(), ball.getWidth(), ball.getHeight()); batcher.draw(AssetLoader.bulletAnimation.getKeyFrame(runTime), bullet.getX(), bullet.getY()); // End SpriteBatch batcher.end(); } } // this is to load the image etc on the screen i guess public class GameWorld { public static Ball ball; private Bullet bullet; private ScrollHandler scroller; public GameWorld() { ball = new Ball(480, 273, 32, 32); bullet = new Bullet(10, 10); scroller = new ScrollHandler(0); } public void update(float delta) { ball.update(delta); bullet.update(delta); scroller.update(delta); } public static Ball getBall() { return ball; } public ScrollHandler getScroller() { return scroller; } public Bullet getBullet() { return bullet; } } so there is the whole thing. the images are loaded via the AssetLoader then to the GameRenderer and GameWorld via the Bullet class. i am guessing that is how it is. sorry newbie so still learning. thank you in advace for the help or any advice.

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  • Level Creating Help

    - by Brandon oubiub
    I am making a little 2d overhead RPG type game just for fun. I have almost all the basic stuff set up, but I just need a little help on level creation. I can already make a level and place each tile how I want it, but having to place each tile gets annoying after a while. I noticed that in a lot of games, even extremely simple ones, they have LOTS of levels with LOTS of tiles in each. Creating all that in this fashion would take forever. So I guess my question is, as a game developer, am I supposed to do all that, or maybe make a little level editor so I can see things as I create it? What do game developers do? I'm using Java. EDIT: Okay, say if I had an image for a map, that I made in MS paint or photoshop, and each pixel represent a tile value, could I somehow in Java detect what color an individual pixel is? If so, that would be perfect. If so, how?

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  • How can I fix these errors with Panda3D's sample projects?

    - by lhk
    I just installed the latest Panda3D packages on a Mint 12 32-bit virtual machine. Then I downloaded and configured Eclipse and tried to run the Asteroids sample project. The window is created properly. But after rendering the scence once the game freezes. This happens with the other sample apps, too. Here's the error log: DirectStart: Starting the game. Known pipe types: glxGraphicsPipe (all display modules loaded.) :display:gsg:glgsg(warning): Occlusion queries advertised as supported by OpenGL runtime, but could not get pointers to extension functions. OpenGL Warning: glXChooseFBConfig returning NULL, due to attrib=0x6, next=0xffffffff :display:glxdisplay(warning): No suitable FBConfig contexts available; using XVisual only. depth_bits=16 color_bits=24 alpha_bits=8 stencil_bits=8 accum_bits=64 back_buffers=1 stereo=1 force_hardware=1 AL lib: pulseaudio.c:331: PulseAudio returned minreq > tlength/2; expect break up :display:gsg:glgsg(error): at 4765 of panda/src/glstuff/glGraphicsStateGuardian_src.cxx : invalid enumerant :display:gsg:glgsg(error): at 5703 of panda/src/glstuff/glGraphicsStateGuardian_src.cxx : invalid operation :display:gsg:glgsg(error): at 4654 of panda/src/glstuff/glGraphicsStateGuardian_src.cxx : invalid operation :display:gsg:glgsg(error): at 4654 of panda/src/glstuff/glGraphicsStateGuardian_src.cxx : invalid operation :display:gsg:glgsg(error): at 4765 of panda/src/glstuff/glGraphicsStateGuardian_src.cxx : invalid enumerant :display:gsg:glgsg(error): at 5703 of panda/src/glstuff/glGraphicsStateGuardian_src.cxx : invalid operation :display:gsg:glgsg(error): at 3057 of panda/src/glstuff/glGraphicsStateGuardian_src.cxx : invalid operation :display:gsg:glgsg(error): at 3057 of panda/src/glstuff/glGraphicsStateGuardian_src.cxx : invalid operation :display:gsg:glgsg(error): at 4765 of panda/src/glstuff/glGraphicsStateGuardian_src.cxx : invalid enumerant OpenGL Warning: No pincher, please call crStateSetCurrentPointers() in your SPU :display:gsg:glgsg(error): at 4765 of panda/src/glstuff/glGraphicsStateGuardian_src.cxx : invalid enumerant :display:gsg:glgsg(error): at 5703 of panda/src/glstuff/glGraphicsStateGuardian_src.cxx : invalid operation :display:gsg:glgsg(error): at 4765 of panda/src/glstuff/glGraphicsStateGuardian_src.cxx : invalid enumerant :display:gsg:glgsg(error): at 4765 of panda/src/glstuff/glGraphicsStateGuardian_src.cxx : invalid operation :display:gsg:glgsg(error): at 4765 of panda/src/glstuff/glGraphicsStateGuardian_src.cxx : invalid operation :display:gsg:glgsg(error): at 5703 of panda/src/glstuff/glGraphicsStateGuardian_src.cxx : invalid operation :display:gsg:glgsg(error): at 3661 of panda/src/glstuff/glGraphicsStateGuardian_src.cxx : invalid operation :display:gsg:glgsg(error): at 3661 of panda/src/glstuff/glGraphicsStateGuardian_src.cxx : invalid operation :display:gsg:glgsg(error): at 4765 of panda/src/glstuff/glGraphicsStateGuardian_src.cxx : invalid enumerant :display:gsg:glgsg(error): at 4765 of panda/src/glstuff/glGraphicsStateGuardian_src.cxx : invalid enumerant :display:gsg:glgsg(error): at 5703 of panda/src/glstuff/glGraphicsStateGuardian_src.cxx : invalid operation :display(error): Deactivating glxGraphicsStateGuardian. What can I do to fix the problem ?

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  • How to attach turrets to tiles in a tile based game

    - by Joseph St. Pierre
    I am a flash developer, and I am building a Tower Defense game. The world is being built through tiles, and I have gotten that accomplished easily. I have also gotten level changes and enemy spawning down as well. However, I wish the player to be able to spawn turrets, and have those turrets be on specific tiles, based upon where the player placed it. Here is my code: stop(); colOffset = 50; rowOffset = 50; guns = []; placed = true; dead = 0; spawned = 0; level = 1; interval = 350 / level; amount = level * 20; counter = 0; numCol = 14; numRow = 10; tiles = []; k = 0; create = false; tileName = new Array("road","grass","end", "start"); board = new Array( new Array(1,1,1,1,3,1,1,1,1,1,2,1,1,1), new Array(1,1,1,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,1,1), new Array(1,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,1,1), new Array(1,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,1), new Array(1,1,1,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,1), new Array(1,1,1,0,1,1,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,1), new Array(1,1,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,1,1,0,0,1), new Array(1,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,0,0,1,1), new Array(1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,1,1), new Array(1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,1) ); buildBoard(); function buildBoard(){ for ( col = 0; col < numCol; col++){ for ( row = 0; row < numRow; row++){ _root.attachMovie("tile", "tile_" + col + "_" + row, _root.getNextHighestDepth()); theTile = eval("tile_" + col + "_" + row); theTile._x = (col * 50); theTile._y = (row * 50); theTile.row = row; theTile.col = col; tileType = board[row][col]; theTile.gotoAndStop(tileName[tileType]); tiles.push(theTile); } } } init(); function init(){ onEnterFrame = function(){ counter += 1; if ( spawned < amount && counter > 50){ min= _root.attachMovie("minion","minion",_root.getNextHighestDepth()); min._x = tile_4_0._x + 25; min._y = tile_4_0._y + 25; min.health = 100; choose = Math.round(Math.random()); if ( choose == 0 ){ min.waypointX = [ tile_4_1._x +25, tile_3_1._x + 25, tile_3_2._x + 25, tile_3_6._x + 25, tile_2_6._x + 25, tile_2_8._x + 25, tile_8_8._x + 25, tile_8_9._x + 25, tile_10_9._x + 25, tile_10_7._x + 25, tile_11_7._x + 25, tile_11_6._x + 25, tile_12_6._x + 25, tile_12_4._x + 25, tile_11_4._x + 25, tile_11_2._x + 25, tile_10_2._x + 25, tile_10_0._x + 25]; min.waypointY = [ tile_4_1._y +25, tile_3_1._y + 25, tile_3_2._y + 25, tile_3_6._y + 25, tile_2_6._y + 25, tile_2_8._y + 25, tile_8_8._y + 25, tile_8_9._y + 25, tile_10_9._y + 25, tile_10_7._y + 25, tile_11_7._y + 25, tile_11_6._y + 25, tile_12_6._y + 25, tile_12_4._y + 25, tile_11_4._y + 25, tile_11_2._y + 25, tile_10_2._y + 25, tile_10_0._y + 25]; } else if ( choose == 1 ){ min.waypointX = [ tile_4_1._x +25, tile_3_1._x + 25, tile_3_2._x + 25, tile_3_3._x + 25, tile_5_3._x + 25, tile_5_4._x + 25, tile_7_4._x + 25, tile_7_5._x + 25, tile_8_5._x + 25, tile_8_8._x + 25, tile_8_9._x + 25, tile_10_9._x + 25, tile_10_7._x + 25, tile_11_7._x + 25, tile_11_6._x + 25, tile_12_6._x + 25, tile_12_4._x + 25, tile_11_4._x + 25, tile_11_2._x + 25, tile_10_2._x + 25, tile_10_0._x + 25 ]; min.waypointY = [ tile_4_1._y +25, tile_3_1._y + 25, tile_3_2._y + 25, tile_3_3._y + 25, tile_5_3._y + 25, tile_5_4._y + 25, tile_7_4._y + 25, tile_7_5._y + 25, tile_8_5._y + 25, tile_8_8._y + 25, tile_8_9._y + 25, tile_10_9._y + 25, tile_10_7._y + 25, tile_11_7._y + 25, tile_11_6._y + 25, tile_12_6._y + 25, tile_12_4._y + 25, tile_11_4._y + 25, tile_11_2._y + 25, tile_10_2._y + 25, tile_10_0._y + 25 ]; } min.i = 0; counter = 0; spawned += 1; min.onEnterFrame = function(){ dx = this.waypointX[this.i] - this._x; dy = this.waypointY[this.i] - this._y; radians = Math.atan2(dy,dx); degrees = radians * 180 / Math.PI; xspeed = Math.cos(radians); yspeed = Math.sin(radians); this._x += xspeed; this._y += yspeed; if( this._x == this.waypointX[this.i] && this._y == this.waypointY[this.i]){ this.i++; } if ( this._x == tile_10_0._x + 25 && this._y == tile_10_0._y + 25){ this.removeMovieClip(); dead += 1; } } } if ( dead >= amount ){ dead = 0; level += 1; amount = level * 20; spawned = 0; } } btnM.onRelease = function(){ create = true; } } game.onEnterFrame = function(){ } It is possible for me however to complete this task, but only once. I am able to make the turret, drag it over to a tile, and have it attach itself to the tile. No problem. The issue is, I cannot do these multiple times. Please Help.

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  • I prefer C/C++ over Unity and other tools: is it such a big downer for a game developper ?

    - by jokoon
    We have a big game project on Unity at school on which we are 12 to work on. My teacher seems to be convinced it's an important tool to teach students, since it makes students look from the high level to the lower level. I can understand his view, and I'm wondering: Is unity such an important engine in game developping companies ? Are there a lot of companies using it because they can't afford to use something else ? He is talking like Unity is a big player in game making, but I only see it fit small indie game companies who want to do a game as fast as possible. Do you think Unity is that much important in the industry ? Does it endangers the value of C++ skills ? It's not that I don't like Unity, it's just that I don't learn nothing with it, I prefer to achieve little steps with Ogre or SFML instead. Also, we also have C++ practice exercises, but those are just practice with theory, nothing much.

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  • Doing an SNES Mode 7 (affine transform) effect in pygame

    - by 2D_Guy
    Is there such a thing as a short answer on how to do a Mode 7 / mario kart type effect in pygame? I have googled extensively, all the docs I can come up with are dozens of pages in other languages (asm, c) with lots of strange-looking equations and such. Ideally, I would like to find something explained more in English than in mathematical terms. I can use PIL or pygame to manipulate the image/texture, or whatever else is necessary. I would really like to achieve a mode 7 effect in pygame, but I seem close to my wit's end. Help would be greatly appreciated. Any and all resources or explanations you can provide would be fantastic, even if they're not as simple as I'd like them to be. If I can figure it out, I'll write a definitive how to do mode 7 for newbies page. edit: mode 7 doc: http://www.coranac.com/tonc/text/mode7.htm

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  • Using Event Driven Programming in games, when is it beneficial?

    - by Arthur Wulf White
    I am learning ActionScript 3 and I see the Event flow adheres to the W3C recommendations. From what I learned events can only be captured by the dispatcher unless, the listener capturing the event is a DisplayObject on stage and a parent of the object firing the event. You can capture the events in the capture(before) or bubbling(after) phase depending on Listner and Event setup you use. Does this system lend itself well for game programming? When is this system useful? Could you give an example of a case where using events is a lot better than going without them? Are they somehow better for performance in games? Please do not mention events you must use to get a game running, like Event.ENTER_FRAME Or events that are required to get input from the user like, KeyboardEvent.KEY_DOWN and MouseEvent.CLICK. I am asking if there is any use in firing events that have nothing to do with user input, frame rendering and the likes(that are necessary). I am referring to cases where objects are communicating. Is this used to avoid storing a collection of objects that are on the stage? Thanks Here is some code I wrote as an example of event behavior in ActionScript 3, enjoy. package regression { import flash.display.Shape; import flash.display.Sprite; import flash.events.Event; import flash.events.EventDispatcher; import flash.events.KeyboardEvent; import flash.events.MouseEvent; import flash.events.EventPhase; /** * ... * @author ... */ public class Check_event_listening_1 extends Sprite { public const EVENT_DANCE : String = "dance"; public const EVENT_PLAY : String = "play"; public const EVENT_YELL : String = "yell"; private var baby : Shape = new Shape(); private var mom : Sprite = new Sprite(); private var stranger : EventDispatcher = new EventDispatcher(); public function Check_event_listening_1() { if (stage) init(); else addEventListener(Event.ADDED_TO_STAGE, init); } private function init(e:Event = null):void { trace("test begun"); addChild(mom); mom.addChild(baby); stage.addEventListener(EVENT_YELL, onEvent); this.addEventListener(EVENT_YELL, onEvent); mom.addEventListener(EVENT_YELL, onEvent); baby.addEventListener(EVENT_YELL, onEvent); stranger.addEventListener(EVENT_YELL, onEvent); trace("\nTest1 - Stranger yells with no bubbling"); stranger.dispatchEvent(new Event(EVENT_YELL, false)); trace("\nTest2 - Stranger yells with bubbling"); stranger.dispatchEvent(new Event(EVENT_YELL, true)); stage.addEventListener(EVENT_PLAY, onEvent); this.addEventListener(EVENT_PLAY, onEvent); mom.addEventListener(EVENT_PLAY, onEvent); baby.addEventListener(EVENT_PLAY, onEvent); stranger.addEventListener(EVENT_PLAY, onEvent); trace("\nTest3 - baby plays with no bubbling"); baby.dispatchEvent(new Event(EVENT_PLAY, false)); trace("\nTest4 - baby plays with bubbling"); baby.dispatchEvent(new Event(EVENT_PLAY, true)); trace("\nTest5 - baby plays with bubbling but is not a child of mom"); mom.removeChild(baby); baby.dispatchEvent(new Event(EVENT_PLAY, true)); mom.addChild(baby); stage.addEventListener(EVENT_DANCE, onEvent, true); this.addEventListener(EVENT_DANCE, onEvent, true); mom.addEventListener(EVENT_DANCE, onEvent, true); baby.addEventListener(EVENT_DANCE, onEvent); trace("\nTest6 - Mom dances without bubbling - everyone is listening during capture phase(not target and bubble phase)"); mom.dispatchEvent(new Event(EVENT_DANCE, false)); trace("\nTest7 - Mom dances with bubbling - everyone is listening during capture phase(not target and bubble phase)"); mom.dispatchEvent(new Event(EVENT_DANCE, true)); } private function onEvent(e : Event):void { trace("Event was captured"); trace("\nTYPE : ", e.type, "\nTARGET : ", objToName(e.target), "\nCURRENT TARGET : ", objToName(e.currentTarget), "\nPHASE : ", phaseToString(e.eventPhase)); } private function phaseToString(phase : int):String { switch(phase) { case EventPhase.AT_TARGET : return "TARGET"; case EventPhase.BUBBLING_PHASE : return "BUBBLING"; case EventPhase.CAPTURING_PHASE : return "CAPTURE"; default: return "UNKNOWN"; } } private function objToName(obj : Object):String { if (obj == stage) return "STAGE"; else if (obj == this) return "MAIN"; else if (obj == mom) return "Mom"; else if (obj == baby) return "Baby"; else if (obj == stranger) return "Stranger"; else return "Unknown" } } } /*result : test begun Test1 - Stranger yells with no bubbling Event was captured TYPE : yell TARGET : Stranger CURRENT TARGET : Stranger PHASE : TARGET Test2 - Stranger yells with bubbling Event was captured TYPE : yell TARGET : Stranger CURRENT TARGET : Stranger PHASE : TARGET Test3 - baby plays with no bubbling Event was captured TYPE : play TARGET : Baby CURRENT TARGET : Baby PHASE : TARGET Test4 - baby plays with bubbling Event was captured TYPE : play TARGET : Baby CURRENT TARGET : Baby PHASE : TARGET Event was captured TYPE : play TARGET : Baby CURRENT TARGET : Mom PHASE : BUBBLING Event was captured TYPE : play TARGET : Baby CURRENT TARGET : MAIN PHASE : BUBBLING Event was captured TYPE : play TARGET : Baby CURRENT TARGET : STAGE PHASE : BUBBLING Test5 - baby plays with bubbling but is not a child of mom Event was captured TYPE : play TARGET : Baby CURRENT TARGET : Baby PHASE : TARGET Test6 - Mom dances without bubbling - everyone is listening during capture phase(not target and bubble phase) Event was captured TYPE : dance TARGET : Mom CURRENT TARGET : STAGE PHASE : CAPTURE Event was captured TYPE : dance TARGET : Mom CURRENT TARGET : MAIN PHASE : CAPTURE Test7 - Mom dances with bubbling - everyone is listening during capture phase(not target and bubble phase) Event was captured TYPE : dance TARGET : Mom CURRENT TARGET : STAGE PHASE : CAPTURE Event was captured TYPE : dance TARGET : Mom CURRENT TARGET : MAIN PHASE : CAPTURE */

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  • Stack Overflow Error

    - by dylanisawesome1
    I recently created a recursive cave algorithm, and would like to have more extensive caves, but get a stack overflow after re-cursing a couple times. Any advice? Here's my code: for(int i=0;i<100;i++) { int rand = new Random().nextInt(100); if(rand<=20) { if(curtile.bounds.y-40>500+new Random().nextInt(20)) digDirection(Direction.UP); } if(rand<=40 && rand>20) { if(curtile.bounds.y+40<m.height) digDirection(Direction.DOWN); } if(rand<=60 && rand>40) { if(curtile.bounds.x-40>0) digDirection(Direction.LEFT); } if(rand<=80 && rand>60) { if(curtile.bounds.x+40<m.width) digDirection(Direction.RIGHT); } } } public void digDirection(Direction d) { if(new Random().nextInt(100)<=10) { new Miner(curtile, map); // try { // Thread.sleep(2); // } catch (InterruptedException e) { // // TODO Auto-generated catch block // e.printStackTrace(); // } //Tried this to avoid stack overflow. Didn't work. }

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  • Executing Components in an Entity Component System

    - by John
    Ok so I am just starting to grasp the whole ECS paradigm right now and I need clarification on a few things. For the record, I am trying to develop a game using C++ and OpenGL and I'm relatively new to game programming. First of all, lets say I have an Entity class which may have several components such as a MeshRenderer,Collider etc. From what I have read, I understand that each "system" carries out a specific task such as calculating physics and rendering and may use more that one component if needed. So for example, I would have a MeshRendererSystem act on all entities with a MeshRenderer component. Looking at Unity, I see that each Gameobject has, by default, got components such as a renderer, camera, collider and rigidbody etc. From what I understand, an entity should start out as an empty "container" and should be filled with components to create a certain type of game object. So what I dont understand is how the "system" works in an entity component system. http://docs.unity3d.com/ScriptReference/GameObject.html So I have a GameObject(The Entity) class like class GameObject { public: GameObject(std::string objectName); ~GameObject(void); Component AddComponent(std::string name); Component AddComponent(Component componentType); }; So if I had a GameObject to model a warship and I wanted to add a MeshRenderer component, I would do the following: warship->AddComponent(new MeshRenderer()); In the MeshRenderers constructor, should I call on the MeshRendererSystem and "subscribe" the warship object to this system? In that case, the MeshRendererSystem should probably be a Singleton("shudder"). From looking at unity's GameObject, if each object potentially has a renderer or any of the components in the default GameObject class, then Unity would iterate over all objects available. To me, this seems kind of unnecessary since some objects might not need to be rendered for example. How, in practice, should these systems be implemented?

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  • Title of a specific retro game with color absorption

    - by Rene B
    I am looking for the title a free multiplayer (on one machine) DOS game i can't remember Players are steering (with cursors/WASD keys) kind of ufos which looks like donuts from top-down view. These 'ufos' attract colored particles. When your particles collide with particles from other players (in a different color), the colors will mix. If the particles are more your color than the other players color, they will start following you. The only remaining player (with the most color particles) wins the game. Can you please give me the game title? THANK YOU!

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  • Obtaining a HBITMAP/HICON from D2D Bitmap

    - by Tom
    Is there any way to obtain a HBITMAP or HICON from a ID2D1Bitmap* using Direct2D? I am using the following function to load a bitmap: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/dd756686%28v=vs.85%29.aspx The reason I ask is because I am creating my level editor tool and would like to draw a PNG image on a standard button control. I know that you can do this using GDI+: HBITMAP hBitmap; Gdiplus::Bitmap b(L"a.png"); b.GetHBITMAP(NULL, &hBitmap); SendMessage(GetDlgItem(hDlg, IDC_BUTTON1), BM_SETIMAGE, IMAGE_BITMAP, (LPARAM)hBitmap); Is there any equivalent, simple solution using Direct2D? If possible, I would like to render multiple PNG files (some with transparency) on a single button.

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  • How to implement lockstep model for RTS game?

    - by user11177
    In my effort to learn programming I'm trying to make a small RTS style game. I've googled and read a lot of articles and gamedev q&a's on the topic of lockstep synchronization in multiplayer RTS games, but am still having trouble wrapping my head around how to implement it in my own game. I currently have a simple server/client system. For example if player1 selects a unit and gives the command to move it, the client sends the command [move, unit, coordinates] to the server, the server runs the pathfinding function and sends [move, unit, path] to all clients which then moves the unit and run animations. So far so good, but not synchronized for clients with latency or lower/higher FPS. How can I turn this into a true lockstep system? Is the right methodology supposed to be something like the following, using the example from above: Turn 1 start gather command inputs from player1 send to the server turn number and commands end turn, increment turn number The server receives the commands, runs pathfinding and sends the paths to all clients. Next turn receive paths from server, as well as confirmation that all clients completed previous turn, otherwise pause and wait for that confirmation move units gather new inputs end turn Is that the gist of it? Should perhaps pathfinding and other game logic be done client side instead of on the server, if so why? Is there anything else I'm missing? I hope someone can break down the concept, so I understand it better.

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  • Modern techniques for spriting

    - by DevilWithin
    Hello, I would like to know the flow for making modern 2D game artwork. How are the assets made nowadays? Bitmap? Vector-based? Hand-drawn and painted? Drawn digitally? Modeled in 3D and exported to bitmaps? I would like some information on programs as well, for fine looking art. Why does Flash's vector art style look good in most games? How do I make equivalent graphics with external tools? Or equaly good and not vector-based, anyway. Any special hints for animating? An answer oriented towards a one-man-army indie developer with little experience but some artistic sense would be appreciated! Not a complete dummy with paint programs, but also not a master at all, just need efficient ways to achieve results. Thanks. NOTE: Pixel art is not the goal of this question, nothing related to direct pixel manipulation should be brought up here, but you're free to do exactly that :)

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