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• How should I implement multiple threads in a game? [duplicate]

  - by xerwin

  This question already has an answer here: Multi-threaded games best practices. One thread for 'logic', one for rendering, or more? 6 answers So I recently started learning Java, and having a interest in playing games as well as developing them, naturally I want to create game in Java. I have experience with games in C# and C++ but all of them were single-threaded simple games. But now, I learned how easy it is to make threads in Java, I want to take things to the next level. I started thinking about how would I actually implement threading in a game. I read couple of articles that say the same thing "Usually you have thread for rendering, for updating game logic, for AI, ..." but I haven't (or didn't look hard enough) found example of implementation. My idea how to make implementation is something like this (example for AI) public class AIThread implements Runnable{ private List<AI> ai; private Player player; /*...*/ public void run() { for (int i = 0; i < ai.size(); i++){ ai.get(i).update(player); } Thread.sleep(/* sleep until the next game "tick" */); } } I think this could work. If I also had a rendering and updating thread list of AI in both those threads, since I need to draw the AI and I need to calculate the logic between player and AI(But that could be moved to AIThread, but as an example) . Coming from C++ I'm used to do thing elegantly and efficiently, and this seems like neither of those. So what would be the correct way to handle this? Should I just keep multiple copies of resources in each thread or should I have the resources on one spot, declared with synchronized keyword? I'm afraid that could cause deadlocks, but I'm not yet qualified enough to know when a code will produce deadlock.

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• What is the easiest and fastest way to display an SDL_Surface in a window with SDL2?

  - by Semmu

  I would like to have an SDL_Surface representing the contents of the window, just like in the old days with SDL1.2. What is the best and fastest way to do it in SDL2? What I found is that I need an SDL_Window, an SDL_Renderer for that window, an SDL_Texture to render, and an SDL_Surface to create a texture from. This seems a bit too much to me, since I just want to display a single image on the screen. Not to mention the impact on the performance. On my machine (Lenovo Y510p laptop) this whole procedure takes 9ms, without any memory allocation, only using pre-allocated variables and totally black SDL_Surface. Is there a way I could speed up things?

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• Sprite batching seems slow

  - by Dekowta

  I have implemented a sprite batching system in OpenGL which will batch sprites based on their texture. How ever when I'm rendering ~5000 sprites all using the same texture i'm getting roughly 30fps. The process is as followed create sprite batch which also create a VBO with a set size and also creates the shaders as well call begin and initialise the render mode (at the moment just setting alpha on) call Draw with a sprite. This checks to see if the texture of the sprite has already been loaded and if so it just creates a pointer to the batch item and adds the new sprite coords. If not then it creates a new batch item and adds the sprite coords to that; it adds the batch item to the main batch. if the max sprite count is reached render will be called call end which calls render to render the left over sprites in the batch. and also resets the buffer offset render loops through each item in the batch and will bind the texture of the batch item, map the data to the buffer and then draw the array. the buffer will then be offset by the amount of sprites drawn. I have a feeling that it could be the method i'm using to store the batched sprites or it could be something else that i'm missing but I still can work it out. the cpp and h files are as followed http://pastebin.com/ZAytErGB http://pastebin.com/iCB608tA On top of this i'm also getting a weird issue where then two sprites are batched on after the other the second sprite will use the same coordinates as the last. And then when one if drawn after it is fine. I can't seem to find what is causing this issue. any help would be appreciated iv been sat trying to work this all out for a while now and cant seems to put my finger on what's causing it all.

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• How to check if a variable is an integer? [closed]

  - by FyrePlanet

  I'm going through my C++ book and have currently made a working Guess The Number game. The game generates a random number based on current time, has the user input their guess, and then tells them whether it was too high, too low, or the correct number. The game functions fine if you enter a number, but returns 'Too High' if you enter something that is not a number (such as a letter or punctuation). Not only does it return 'too high', but it also continually returns it. I was wondering what I could do to check if the guess, as input by the user, is an integer and if it is not, to return 'Not a number. Guess again.' Here is the code. #include <iostream> #include <cstdlib> #include <ctime> using namespace std; int main() { srand(time(0)); // seed the random number generator int theNumber = rand() % 100 + 1; // random number between 1 and 100 int tries = 0, guess; cout << "\tWelcome to Guess My Number!\n\n"; do { cout << "Enter a guess: "; cin >> guess; ++tries; if (guess > theNumber) cout << "Too high!\n\n"; if (guess < theNumber) cout << "Too low!\n\n"; } while (guess != theNumber); cout << "\nThat's it! You got it in " << tries << " guesses!\n"; cout << "\nPress Enter to exit.\n"; cin.ignore(cin.rdbuf()->in_avail() + 1); return 0; }

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• Should I amortize scripting cost via bytecode analysis or multithreading?

  - by user18983

  I'm working on a game sort of thing where users can write arbitrary code for individual agents, and I'm trying to decide the best way to divide up computation time. The simplest option would be to give each agent a set amount of time and skip their turn if it elapses without an action being decided upon, but I would like people to be able to write their agents decision functions without having to think too much about how long its taking unless they really want to. The two approaches I'm considering are giving each agent a set number of bytecode instructions (taking cost into account) each timestep, and making players deal with the consequences of the game state changing between blocks of computation (as with Battlecode) or giving each agent it's own thread and giving each thread equal time on the processor. I'm about equally knowledgeable on both concurrency and bytecode stuff, which is to say not very, so I'm wondering which approach would be best. I have a clearer idea of how I'd structure things if I used bytecode, but less certainty about how to actually implement the analysis. I'm pretty sure I can work up a concurrency based system without much trouble, but I worry it will be messier with more overhead and will add unnecessary complexity to the project.

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• How can I add a character and enemies to a game that uses Parallax Scrolling? [on hold]

  - by Homer_Simpson

  I use the following code to create Parallax Scrolling: http://www.david-gouveia.com/portfolio/2d-camera-with-parallax-scrolling-in-xna/ Parallax Scrolling is working but I don't know how to add the player and the enemies. I tried to add a player class to the existing code, but if the player moves, then the camera isn't pointing at the player. The player leaves the camera viewport after a few seconds. I use the following code(as described in the tutorial), but it's not working: // Updates my camera to lock on the character _camera.LookAt(player.Playerposition); What can I do so that the player is always the center of the camera? How should I add the character and the enemies to the game? Should I create a layer for the character and the enemies? For example: new Layer(_camera) { Parallax = new Vector2(0.9f, 1.0f) } At the moment, I don't use a layer for the player and I don't have implemented the enemies because I don't know how to do that. My player class: public class Player { Texture2D Playertex; public Vector2 Playerposition = new Vector2(400, 240); private Game1 game1; public Player(Game1 game) { game1 = game; } public void Load(ContentManager content) { Playertex = content.Load<Texture2D>("8bitmario"); TouchPanel.EnabledGestures = GestureType.HorizontalDrag; } public void Update(GameTime gameTime) { while (TouchPanel.IsGestureAvailable) { GestureSample gs = TouchPanel.ReadGesture(); switch (gs.GestureType) { case GestureType.HorizontalDrag: Playerposition.X += 3f; break; } } } public void Render(SpriteBatch batch) { batch.Draw(Playertex, new Vector2(Playerposition.X - Playertex.Width / 2, Playerposition.Y - Playertex.Height / 2), Color.White); } } In Game1, I update the player and camera class: protected override void Update(GameTime gameTime) { // Updates my character's position player.Update(gameTime); // Updates my camera to lock on the character _camera.LookAt(player.Playerposition); base.Update(gameTime); } protected override void Draw(GameTime gameTime) { GraphicsDevice.Clear(Color.CornflowerBlue); foreach (Layer layer in _layers) layer.Draw(spriteBatch); spriteBatch.Begin(SpriteSortMode.Deferred, null, null, null, null, null, _camera.GetViewMatrix(new Vector2(0.0f, 0.0f))); player.Render(spriteBatch); spriteBatch.End(); base.Draw(gameTime); }

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• Capture an area of a game, display it in a small window

  - by steakbbq

  I am looking to make a program that accomplishes some simple goals. I need to be able to specify an area of my screen to have reproduced in a window. Similar to who the windows magnifier works. I also need it to stay on top. I also need it to be transparent. I also need it to be ghost like(mouse clicks go through it) so the application below can be interacted with still. Here is what I am trying to do. What would be the best way to go about it? http://i.imgur.com/0ahi7.jpg

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• How to avoid tons of `instanceof` in collision detection?

  - by Prog

  Consider a simple game with 4 kinds of entities: Robots, Dogs, Missiles, Walls. Here's a simple collision-detection mechanism in psuedocode: (I know, O(n^2). Irrelevant for this question). for(Entity entityA in entities){ for(Entity entityB in entities){ if(collision(entityA, entityB)){ if(entityA instanceof Robot && entityB instanceof Dog) entityB.die(); if(entityA instanceof Robot && entityB instanceof Missile){ entityA.die(); entityB.die(); } if(entityA instanceof Missile && entityB instanceof Wall) entityB.die(); // .. and so on } } } Obviously this is very ugly, and will get bigger and harder to maintain the more entities there are, and the more conditions there are. One option to make this better is to have separate lists for each kind of entity. For example a Robots list, a Dogs list etc. And than check for collisions of all Robots with Dogs, and all Dogs with Walls, etc. This is better, but I still don't think it's good. So my question is: The collision detection system spotted a collision. Now what? What is the common way to react to the collision? Should the system notify the entity itself that it collided with something, and have it decide for itself how to react? E.g. entityA.reactToCollision(entityB). Or is there some other solution?

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• XNA 4.0 - container with content, that can slide (C#)

  - by DijkeMark

  I got an idea, but I got no idea on how to make it. Okay, so here is the deal. I want a container which can contain certain objects (These objects will draw the sprites/graphics). But because of different screen sizes, I want to be able to scale the containers width and height. But I do not want the objects in the container, that go outside of the container, because of the scaling to be visible. Because I want the objects all to be positioned horizontaly to eachother and I want a horizontal sliderbar, so I can slide from left to right within the container. I wonder if anyone could point me in the right direction. Thanks in Advance, Mark

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• Concept: Interpretive Spells [closed]

  - by Deathly

  The goal is to be able to create complex spells, that can manipulate the game's environment in non-preprogrammed ways, and to make the program understand spells. For example: $@ $=Big @=Fire You can probably understand what this one means. The player types, writes, or selects symbols. Of course, a spell can be only a few characters, or more sophisticated spells could potentially be hundreds or thousands of symbols long. How could something like this be accomplished?

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• Function for building an isosurface (a sphere cut by planes)

  - by GameDevEnthusiast

  I want to build an octree over a quarter of a sphere (for debugging and testing). The octree generator relies on the AIsosurface interface to compute the density and normal at any given point in space. For example, for a full sphere the corresponding code is: // returns <0 if the point is inside the solid virtual float GetDensity( float _x, float _y, float _z ) const override { Float3 P = Float3_Set( _x, _y, _z ); Float3 v = Float3_Subtract( P, m_origin ); float l = Float3_LengthSquared( v ); float d = Float_Sqrt(l) - m_radius; return d; } // estimates the gradient at the given point virtual Float3 GetNormal( float _x, float _y, float _z ) const override { Float3 P = Float3_Set( _x, _y, _z ); float d = this->AIsosurface::GetDensity( P ); float Nx = this->GetDensity( _x + 0.001f, _y, _z ) - d; float Ny = this->GetDensity( _x, _y + 0.001f, _z ) - d; float Nz = this->GetDensity( _x, _y, _z + 0.001f ) - d; Float3 N = Float3_Normalized( Float3_Set( Nx, Ny, Nz ) ); return N; } What is a nice and fast way to compute those values when the shape is bounded by a low number of half-spaces?

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• Cycling through ItemStacks whlie supplying data... LOST [on hold]

  - by user3251606

  Ok so i am working on a plugin for my server that will open and inventory and when closed it will pass items to this class... object of this class is to cycle through the inventory and use a cfg file to define items and prices and then grab that info in a for loop and add it all up... heres what i have thus far... public void sell(Player p, Inventory inv) { ListIterator<ItemStack> it = inv.iterator(); double total = 0; for (ItemStack is : inv) { is = it.next(); if (is.getType() != null) { String type = is.getType().toString(); //short dur = is.getDurability(); String check = ChestSell.plugin.getConfig().getString(type); p.sendMessage("Item Type: " + type); if (check != null) { int amou = is.getAmount(); double value = ChestSell.plugin.getConfig().getDouble(type + ".price"); double tv = amou * value; p.sendMessage("Items in chest: Type " + type + " Ammount: " + amou + " Value: $" + tv); } //TODO Add return Items } } p.sendMessage("You got paid $" + total + " for your items!"); inv.clear(); }

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• libgdx - #iterator() cannot be used nested

  - by TimSim

  I'm getting this error when I try to check if any of the targets overlap each other: iterTargets = targets.iterator(); while (iterTargets.hasNext()) { Target target = iterTargets.next(); for (Target otherTarget:targets) { if (target.rectangle.overlaps(otherTarget.rectangle)) { // do something } } } So I can't do that? How am I supposed to check each member of an array to see if it overlaps any other member?

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• Do games use threads?

  - by Nubcake

  I understand that the concept of how a game runs i.e while (game_loop = true) { //handle events // input/output/sound etc } But it has come to my attention while programming in another HLL is do some games use threads for certain operations? For example take any Pokemon game ; during interaction a textbox appears to display information. Now I've been trying to simulate that sort of textbox and the only way I could have got it to be exactly the same is by using a loop and yes once a loop is started there is no way to handle window events unless they are handled again inside the loop itself. I couldn't have used this loop inside a different thread other than the main one (due to a DirectX limitation) so the only option was to use it inside the main program thread. I was wondering if some games work like this ; do they only use the main program thread and handle events again if they're inside a loop? Edit: I forgot to mention this is about console games not PC games! Thanks Nubcake

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• Game Object Design

  - by oisin

  I'm having a problem with the way I designed my first simple game in C++. I have GameObject (abstract class) and ObjectA which inherits the update() and draw() methods from GameObject. My main loop contains a linked list of GameObject*, and while that list is not empty it cycles through it, calling update on each one. Up until this point, I thought the design was standard(?) and would work. However, when I call update on ObjectA() I run into two problems: ObjectA can die which messes up the list, which in turn throws off the loop in main. ObjectA can spawn more ObjectA's but these are local scope and the update() goes out of scope, creating problems in main's list of GameObjects. I think my design if alright, but I'm having such problems with segmentation faults that there must be something seriously wrong with at least one part of my implementation. If anyone could point out any serious mistakes or simple examples of this being done (or even alternative designs) then I would greatly appreciate it!

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• D20 java engine

  - by javydreamercsw

  I'm trying to incorporate PCGen into my application to avoid recreating the wheel for D20 system. (Are there any other libraries out there?) In other words I would like to use PCGen as a library and do things like: CRUD characters (and all related information) Experience/level managements I don't need the GUI part of it just the information to pass to my application. This is a scenario I can think of: 1. Load available custom classes 2. Create a new Character/NPC 3. Transfer the stats to my system 4. Player keeps playing so I need to update experience 5. Save player in my system and recreate it later. I'm trying to start to create a character from PCClass with no luck. Looking at the code it seems it'll try to load it. I assume load from a file generated from the GUI. Is there a way of bypassing the GUI for all this? I was looking for a tutorial of some sorts without luck. I was able to figure out how to use the dice within PCGen but that's about it. Any ideas?

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• What is w componet [duplicate]

  - by Tifa

  This question already has an answer here: What does the graphics card do with the fourth element of a vector as the final position? 3 answers What is the W component on graphics programming. I read a blog about opengl that says that w must be equal to either 0 or 1 here. But the book I am currently reading has put w component to more than 1 value. So im kinda confuse what does it really do. The book I am reading is OpenGL es a quick start guide.

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• How to add two textures ,one is used as background and another one is used in a rotating cube!

  - by VampirEMufasa

  I am working in OpenGL ES 2.0. Now I am writing a demo for my project, I load two png images as my textures with the libSOIL But now I need to use one of them as the texture of my demo's background and another one as the texture of a rotating cube. In OpenGL ES 2.0, the adding texture operation is in the shader But now I don't know how to add the different textures to the different place in a shader Who can help me! Thank you very much!

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• Organize a game set

  - by jncunha

  I'm developing a endless running game and I'm not really sure on how to make the set. The first approach was to make a BIG set like 10240x3072 pixels so that we have a nice portion of set. After having like 3 or 4 sets that go along with each other I would work on making their elements sequential and repeatable. However this is getting really heavy for the iPad 1 (it's running good in the iPad 2 and the New iPad) even though I'm splitting all the set in slices through Photoshop. For the implementation I'm using Cocos2D. Is there any better approach to make something like this but truly efficient for the iPad memory? Thank you.

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• TexturePacker ignores extensions

  - by The Oddler

  I'm using TexturePacker in one of my games, though when packing a bunch of textures their extension is kept in the data file. So when I want to find a texture I need to search for "image.png" instead of just "image". Is there an option to let texture packer ignore the extensions of my source images in the data file? Solved: So if anyone else wants this, here's the exported I made: https://www.box.com/s/bf12q1i1yc9jr2c5yehd Just extract it into "C:\Program Files (x86)\CodeAndWeb\TexturePacker\bin\exporters\UIToolkit No Extensions" (or something similar) and it should show op as an exporter.

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• How do I generate a random curve for landscape (like Worms)? [closed]

  - by Stas

  Possible Duplicate: How do I generate terrain like that of Scorched Earth? How can I generate Worms-style terrain? I must build random curve line for the 2D Game on the BitMap (like in Worms, from the side). Teacher said that I should do it using Terrain Generation through recourcy (I work in Delphi 7). I understand the main principle, but I don't know how to introduce it as code. All measurements according to the screen resolution.

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• Directional Lights

  - by Setrio

  I'm working on a game idea (2D) that needs directional lights. Basically I want to add light sources that can be moved and the light rays interact with the other bodies on the scene. What I'm doing right now is some test where using sensors (box2d) and ccDrawLine I could achieve something similar to what I want. Basically I send a bunch of sensors from certain point and with raycast detect collisions, get the end points and draw lines over the sensors. Just want to get some opinions if this is a good way of doing this or is other better options to build something like this? Also I would like to know how to make a light effect over this area (sensors area) to provide a better looking light effect. Any ideas?

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• Artificial Neural Networks

  - by user1724140

  I have an Artificial Networks which needs to recognize 130 different types of moves encoded in terms of 1s and 0s. Therefore the number of outputs I used is 8 so that all my patterns could be distinguished. However, by using 8 outputs, the different types of patterns possible is 256, leaving me with 126 different types of patterns useless. Do these extra 126 different patterns ruin my ANN's ability? Is there a better way not to have these unused holes?

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• j2me Bitmap font

  - by user1494517

  Well i have found a tutorial how to make a bitmap font from an image. (http://devlinslab.blogspot.com/2007/11/using-custom-fonts-or-bitmap-fonts-part.html). So I have used this code in my game and the problem is that the rest of the graphics which should be seen on the screen like rectangles and etc. is invisible. Before the newly added code http://i47.tinypic.com/30wt5ad.jpg After http://i48.tinypic.com/3581k44.jpg

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• Is It More Efficient To Make Games In Languages I Like?

  - by Dsfsdfsdfsdfsd Fsdf

  Is it more "efficiant" to develop games with languages your good with and like best rather then the "best" language? A example is like I like C# (It's My First Language) and I'm really good at it and used to how it works, I'm not as good with C++ but I'm kinda slow at it because I don't prefer how you systems work like I think int a[] is not as good as int[] a. Would it be better to go with what I know best or what's the "best" available? Thanks For Reading!

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