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• Logical volume that spans raid1 sets: what happens if a RAID fails?

  - by Jeff Shattock

  Consider the following scenario: /dev/md0 - 10GB RAID 1 volume built from /dev/sda and /dev/sdb /dev/md1 - 10GB RAID 1 volume built from /dev/sdc and /dev/sdd /dev/vg0 - volume group containing md0 and md1 /dev/vg0/lv0 - 15GB logical volume The raid devices are created with mdadm; the logical volumes by LVM. What happens to lv0 if md0 fails entirely? That is, if both sda and sdb disintegrate so that the md0 device can not start. Is the portion of the data that resided on md1 still accessible, or is the entire LV gone? Would the answer change if lv0 were created as a striped volume vs non-striped?

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• RAID-1 and regular drive removal (using RAID-1 as a backup measure)

  - by Vi

  Is using mdadm's RAID-1 of 2 partitions (one on laptop's internal HDD, one on external HDD) a good idea. I want the system to work as RAID-1 if both drives are present, work as regular volume (degradad RAID-1) if external HDD is unplugged and quickly resync when I plug external HDD again. Questions: Is it a good idea? Will write-intent bitmap be enough for this task or I need something else? Should I consider doing it at filesystem level (3b. if yes, how?). Basic requirements are: Quick resync when I re-add the external drive (provided I hasn't changed that partition). More or less consistent data on the removed drive if I remove it not during write/resync operation. If I remove the drive during resync I expect the data to be somewhat inconsistent, but expect quick resync completion when I re-add it again. E.g. I want the the remaining drive to track what is changed (there can be a lot of changes) and that sync back only those parts that need it.

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• Getting Grub2 to recognize a Raid 10 boot/root

  - by xenoterracide

  I've been trying to get my raid to boot from grub2 for about 2 days now and I don't seem to be getting closer. The problem appears to be that it doesn't recognize my raid at all. It doesn't see (md0) etc. I'm not sure Why or how to change this. I'm using mdadm, 2 device (essentially a raid1) raid10,f2, which is currently degraded. I have tried adding the raid and mdraid modules with grub install along with others. I've tried several variation on grub-install such as grub-install --debug --no-floppy --modules="biosdisk part_msdos chain raid mdraid ext2 linux search ata normal" /dev/md0 I've been searching the net for an answer to what I haven't done but no luck. On my other drive which I plan on removing the raid is initialized and mounted fine on boot, but it's not the boot/root for that setup. My grub.cfg isn't recognized by grub since it can't read the raid partition so I'm not posting that. md0 is not listed in my /boot/grub/device.map.

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• Raid1 with active and spare partition

  - by Daniel Baron

  I am having the following problem with a RAID1 software raid partition on my Ubuntu system (10.04 LTS, 2.6.32-24-server in case it matters). One of my disks (sdb5) reported I/O errors and was therefore marked faulty in the array. The array was then degraded with one active device. Hence, I replaced the harddisk, cloned the partition table and added all new partitions to my raid arrays. After syncing all partitions ended up fine, having 2 active devices - except one of them. The partition which reported the faulty disk before, however, did not include the new partition as an active device but as a spare disk: md3 : active raid1 sdb5[2] sda5[1] 4881344 blocks [2/1] [_U] A detailed look reveals: root@server:~# mdadm --detail /dev/md3 [...] Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 2 8 21 0 spare rebuilding /dev/sdb5 1 8 5 1 active sync /dev/sda5 So here is the question: How do I tell my raid to turn the spare disk into an active one? And why has it been added as a spare device? Recreating or reassembling the array is not an option, because it is my root partition. And I can not find any hints to that subject in the Software Raid HOWTO. Any help would be appreciated.

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• Creating a partitioned raid1 array for booting a debian squeeze system

  - by gucki

  I'd like to have the following raid1 (mirror) setup: /dev/md0 consists of /dev/sda and /dev/sdb I created this raid1 device using mdadm --create --verbose /dev/md0 --auto=yes --level=1 --raid-devices=2 /dev/sda /dev/sdb This gave a warning about metadata being 1.2 and my system might not boot. I cannot use 0.9 because it restricts the size of the raid to 2TB and I assume grub shipped with latest debian (squeeze) should be able to handle metadata 1.2. So then I created the needed partitions like this: # creating new label (partition table) parted -s /dev/md0 mklabel 'msdos' # creating partitions sfdisk -uM /dev/md0 << EOF 0,4096 ,1024,S ; EOF # making root filesystem mkfs -t ext4 -L boot -m 0 /dev/md0p1 # making swap filesystem mkswap /dev/md0p2 # making data filesystem mkfs -t ext4 -L data /dev/md0p3 Then I mounted the root partition, copied a minimal debian install inside and temporary mounted /dev /proc /sys. Afer this I chrooted to the new root folder and executed: grub-install --no-floppy --recheck /dev/md0 However this fails badly with: /usr/sbin/grub-probe: error: unknown filesystem. Auto-detection of a filesystem of /dev/md0p1 failed. Please report this together with the output of "/usr/sbin/grub-probe --device-map=/boot/grub/device.map --target=fs -v /boot/grub" to I don't think it's a bug in grub (so I didn't report it yet) but a fault of mine. So I really wonder how to properly setup my raid1, everything I tried so far failed.

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• Failed Software RAID0 on Linux - Attempting to recover data

  - by Gizmo_the_Great

  I have a two disk RAID0 software raid (not hardware raid) that is reported to have failed during boot and my OS won't start. Using a Live CD, I get the following output : sudo mdadm -E /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1 /dev/sdc1: Magic : a92b4efc Version : 1.2 Feature Map : 0x0 Array UUID : 3710713d:fb301031:84b61247:d1d53e0f Name : HP-xw9300:0 Creation Time : Sun Sep 1 15:22:26 2013 Raid Level : -unknown- Raid Devices : 0 Avail Dev Size : 1465145328 (698.64 GiB 750.15 GB) Data Offset : 16 sectors Super Offset : 8 sectors State : active Device UUID : ad427cd2:9f885f57:7f41015f:90f8f6af Update Time : Sun Jun 8 12:35:11 2014 Checksum : a37407ff - correct Events : 1 Device Role : spare Array State : ('A' == active, '.' == missing) /dev/sdd1: Magic : a92b4efc Version : 1.2 Feature Map : 0x0 Array UUID : 3710713d:fb301031:84b61247:d1d53e0f Name : HP-xw9300:0 Creation Time : Sun Sep 1 15:22:26 2013 Raid Level : -unknown- Raid Devices : 0 Avail Dev Size : 976771056 (465.76 GiB 500.11 GB) Data Offset : 16 sectors Super Offset : 8 sectors State : active Device UUID : 2ea0199d:cb08d9e7:0830448a:a1e1e348 Update Time : Sun Jun 8 13:06:19 2014 Checksum : 8883c492 - correct Events : 1 Device Role : spare Array State : ('A' == active, '.' == missing) GParted lists both disks, detects the flags as 'Raid' and lists the data usage. Can anyone please help me re-assemble just so that I can copy some of the data off that I have not backed up recently? Thanks

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• Is my hard drive about to die?

  - by Hristo Deshev

  I have two hard drives set up as a RAID 1 array on my server (Linux, software RAID using mdadm) and one of them just got me this "present" in syslog: Nov 23 02:05:29 h2 kernel: [7305215.338153] ata1.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x1 SErr 0x0 action 0x0 Nov 23 02:05:29 h2 kernel: [7305215.338178] ata1.00: irq_stat 0x40000008 Nov 23 02:05:29 h2 kernel: [7305215.338197] ata1.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED Nov 23 02:05:29 h2 kernel: [7305215.338220] ata1.00: cmd 60/08:00:d8:df:da/00:00:3a:00:00/40 tag 0 ncq 4096 in Nov 23 02:05:29 h2 kernel: [7305215.338221] res 41/40:08:d8:df:da/00:00:3a:00:00/00 Emask 0x409 (media error) <F> Nov 23 02:05:29 h2 kernel: [7305215.338287] ata1.00: status: { DRDY ERR } Nov 23 02:05:29 h2 kernel: [7305215.338305] ata1.00: error: { UNC } Nov 23 02:05:29 h2 kernel: [7305215.358901] ata1.00: configured for UDMA/133 Nov 23 02:05:32 h2 kernel: [7305218.269054] ata1.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x1 SErr 0x0 action 0x0 Nov 23 02:05:32 h2 kernel: [7305218.269081] ata1.00: irq_stat 0x40000008 Nov 23 02:05:32 h2 kernel: [7305218.269101] ata1.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED Nov 23 02:05:32 h2 kernel: [7305218.269125] ata1.00: cmd 60/08:00:d8:df:da/00:00:3a:00:00/40 tag 0 ncq 4096 in Nov 23 02:05:32 h2 kernel: [7305218.269126] res 41/40:08:d8:df:da/00:00:3a:00:00/00 Emask 0x409 (media error) <F> Nov 23 02:05:32 h2 kernel: [7305218.269196] ata1.00: status: { DRDY ERR } Nov 23 02:05:32 h2 kernel: [7305218.269215] ata1.00: error: { UNC } Nov 23 02:05:32 h2 kernel: [7305218.341565] ata1.00: configured for UDMA/133 Nov 23 02:05:35 h2 kernel: [7305221.193342] ata1.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x1 SErr 0x0 action 0x0 Nov 23 02:05:35 h2 kernel: [7305221.193368] ata1.00: irq_stat 0x40000008 Nov 23 02:05:35 h2 kernel: [7305221.193386] ata1.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED Nov 23 02:05:35 h2 kernel: [7305221.193408] ata1.00: cmd 60/08:00:d8:df:da/00:00:3a:00:00/40 tag 0 ncq 4096 in Nov 23 02:05:35 h2 kernel: [7305221.193409] res 41/40:08:d8:df:da/00:00:3a:00:00/00 Emask 0x409 (media error) <F> Nov 23 02:05:35 h2 kernel: [7305221.193474] ata1.00: status: { DRDY ERR } Nov 23 02:05:35 h2 kernel: [7305221.193491] ata1.00: error: { UNC } Nov 23 02:05:35 h2 kernel: [7305221.388404] ata1.00: configured for UDMA/133 Nov 23 02:05:38 h2 kernel: [7305224.426316] ata1.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x1 SErr 0x0 action 0x0 Nov 23 02:05:38 h2 kernel: [7305224.426343] ata1.00: irq_stat 0x40000008 Nov 23 02:05:38 h2 kernel: [7305224.426363] ata1.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED Nov 23 02:05:38 h2 kernel: [7305224.426387] ata1.00: cmd 60/08:00:d8:df:da/00:00:3a:00:00/40 tag 0 ncq 4096 in Nov 23 02:05:38 h2 kernel: [7305224.426388] res 41/40:08:d8:df:da/00:00:3a:00:00/00 Emask 0x409 (media error) <F> Nov 23 02:05:38 h2 kernel: [7305224.426459] ata1.00: status: { DRDY ERR } Nov 23 02:05:38 h2 kernel: [7305224.426478] ata1.00: error: { UNC } Nov 23 02:05:38 h2 kernel: [7305224.498133] ata1.00: configured for UDMA/133 Nov 23 02:05:41 h2 kernel: [7305227.400583] ata1.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x1 SErr 0x0 action 0x0 Nov 23 02:05:41 h2 kernel: [7305227.400608] ata1.00: irq_stat 0x40000008 Nov 23 02:05:41 h2 kernel: [7305227.400627] ata1.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED Nov 23 02:05:41 h2 kernel: [7305227.400649] ata1.00: cmd 60/08:00:d8:df:da/00:00:3a:00:00/40 tag 0 ncq 4096 in Nov 23 02:05:41 h2 kernel: [7305227.400650] res 41/40:08:d8:df:da/00:00:3a:00:00/00 Emask 0x409 (media error) <F> Nov 23 02:05:41 h2 kernel: [7305227.400716] ata1.00: status: { DRDY ERR } Nov 23 02:05:41 h2 kernel: [7305227.400734] ata1.00: error: { UNC } Nov 23 02:05:41 h2 kernel: [7305227.472432] ata1.00: configured for UDMA/133 From what I read so far, I am not sure if read errors mean that a hard drive is dying on me (no write errors so far). I've had hard drive errors in the past and those always had errors about failing to write to specific sectors in the logs. Not this time. Should I be replacing the drive? Could something else be causing the problem? I've scheduled a smartctl -t long test that will finish in a couple of hours. I hope this will give me some more info.

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• Creating Persistent Drive Labels With UDEV Using /dev/disk/by-path

  - by Matt

  I have a new BackBlaze Pod (BackBlaze Pod 2.0). It has 45 3TB drives and they when I first set it up they were labeled /dev/sda through /dev/sdz and /dev/sdaa through /dev/sdas. I used mdadm to setup three really big 15 drive RAID6 arrays. However, since first setup a few weeks ago I had a couple of the hard drives fail on me. I've replaced them but now the arrays are complaining because they can't find the missing drives. When I list the the disks... ls -l /dev/sd* I see that /dev/sda /dev/sdf /dev/sdk /dev/sdp no longer appear and now there are 4 new ones... /dev/sdau /dev/sdav /dev/sdaw /dev/sdax I also just found that I can do this... ls -l /dev/disk/by-path/ total 0 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Sep 19 18:08 pci-0000:02:04.0-scsi-0:0:0:0 -> ../../sdau lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Sep 19 18:08 pci-0000:02:04.0-scsi-0:1:0:0 -> ../../sdb lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Sep 19 18:08 pci-0000:02:04.0-scsi-0:2:0:0 -> ../../sdc lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Sep 19 18:08 pci-0000:02:04.0-scsi-0:3:0:0 -> ../../sdd lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Sep 19 18:08 pci-0000:02:04.0-scsi-0:4:0:0 -> ../../sde lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Sep 19 18:08 pci-0000:02:04.0-scsi-2:0:0:0 -> ../../sdae lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Sep 19 18:08 pci-0000:02:04.0-scsi-2:1:0:0 -> ../../sdg lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Sep 19 18:08 pci-0000:02:04.0-scsi-2:2:0:0 -> ../../sdh lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Sep 19 18:08 pci-0000:02:04.0-scsi-2:3:0:0 -> ../../sdi lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Sep 19 18:08 pci-0000:02:04.0-scsi-2:4:0:0 -> ../../sdj lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Sep 19 18:08 pci-0000:02:04.0-scsi-3:0:0:0 -> ../../sdav lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Sep 19 18:08 pci-0000:02:04.0-scsi-3:1:0:0 -> ../../sdl lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Sep 19 18:08 pci-0000:02:04.0-scsi-3:2:0:0 -> ../../sdm lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Sep 19 18:08 pci-0000:02:04.0-scsi-3:3:0:0 -> ../../sdn lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Sep 19 18:08 pci-0000:02:04.0-scsi-3:4:0:0 -> ../../sdo lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Sep 19 18:08 pci-0000:04:04.0-scsi-0:0:0:0 -> ../../sdax lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Sep 19 18:08 pci-0000:04:04.0-scsi-0:1:0:0 -> ../../sdq lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Sep 19 18:08 pci-0000:04:04.0-scsi-0:2:0:0 -> ../../sdr lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Sep 19 18:08 pci-0000:04:04.0-scsi-0:3:0:0 -> ../../sds lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Sep 19 18:08 pci-0000:04:04.0-scsi-0:4:0:0 -> ../../sdt lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Sep 19 18:08 pci-0000:04:04.0-scsi-2:0:0:0 -> ../../sdu lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Sep 19 18:08 pci-0000:04:04.0-scsi-2:1:0:0 -> ../../sdv lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Sep 19 18:08 pci-0000:04:04.0-scsi-2:2:0:0 -> ../../sdw lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Sep 19 18:08 pci-0000:04:04.0-scsi-2:3:0:0 -> ../../sdx lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Sep 19 18:08 pci-0000:04:04.0-scsi-2:4:0:0 -> ../../sdy lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Sep 19 18:08 pci-0000:04:04.0-scsi-3:0:0:0 -> ../../sdz I didn't list them all....you can see the problem above. They're sorted by scsi id here but sda is missing...replaced by sdau...etc... So obviously the arrays are complaining. Is it possible to get Linux to reread the drive labels in the correct order or am I screwed? My initial design with 15 drive arrays is not ideal. With 3TB drives the rebuild times were taking 3 or 4 days....maybe more. I'm scrapping the whole design and I think I am going to go with 6 x 7 RAID5 disk arrays and 3 hot spares to make the arrays a bit easier to manage and shorten the rebuild times. But I'd like to clean up the drive labels so they aren't out of order. I haven't figured out how to do this yet. Does anyone know how to get this straightened out? Thanks, Matt

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• Linux software raid robustness

  - by Waxhead

  I have a 4 disk 5TB raid5 setup where a disk is showing signs of going down the drain. It is reporting media errors and from dmesg I can see that several read errors are corrected. smartctl does report "notifications" but no panic so far. Since new disks are rather expensive at the moment I am starting to pondering exactly how robust the linux md layer is. I would appreciate if someone could shed some light on how md actually deals with disk errors. For example how does md deal with write and read errors - what does it (really) take for disk to be rejected from an array. I also read that recently md got support for mapping out bad blocks. Does this mean that the read errors I've had would have been mapped out if I where running kernel 3.1 or would md still try to "work on them" to make them usable.

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• explain md's raid10,f2

  - by xenoterracide

  I know how most of the various RAID's work. But I stumbled on the recommended raid10,f2 mode while researching linux software raid. I don't really understand how it works on 2 or 3 disks. could someone explain it to me? or point me to a really good article that explains it?

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• How to detect hard disk failure?

  - by Devator

  So, one of my servers has a hard disk failure. It's running software RAID, the system locked up and according to /proc/mdstat (and /var/log/messages), it's really down: Personalities : [raid1] md2 : active raid1 sdb2[1] 104320 blocks [2/1] [_U] md5 : active raid1 sdb5[1] 2104448 blocks [2/1] [_U] md6 : active raid1 sdb6[1] 830134656 blocks [2/1] [_U] md1 : active raid1 sdb1[1] 143363968 blocks [2/1] [_U] and Nov 5 22:04:37 m38501 smartd[4467]: Device: /dev/sda, not capable of SMART self-check However when I do smartctl -H /dev/sda, it passes the test. It also passes the test with smartctl --test=short /dev/sda. So, is smartctl a broken testing tool, or am I doing something completely off?

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• How to interrupt software raid resync?

  - by Adam5

  I want to interrupt a running resync operation on an ubuntu 10.04 software raid. (This is the regular scheduled compare resync) How to stop it while it is running? Another raid array is "resync pending", I want a complete stop of all resyncing. [Edit: "sudo kill -9 1010" doesn't do anything, 1010 is the PID of the md2_resync process] I would also like to know how I can control the intervals between resyncs and the remainig time till the next one.

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• Is there anyway to build a raid system without all drives?

  - by xenoterracide

  I'm building a raid1 (ok it will probably be a raid10,f2 but the difference with 2 drives... isn't much) system with 2 1TB drives. However, 1 of the drives I've ordered is bad so I'm RMA-ing it. I'm wondering if I could partition and install to the 1 drive and then rebuild the array when I get the second drive (after I test it of course) My initial investigation doesn't show me a way of creating the array without specifying all devices... and the device the second drive will be is one that has data that I will need to migrate (plus it's not big enough). Is it possible that I could create an array without specifying all devices? or specify false ones and reconfigure to the right ones later? Or some other method I'm not thinking of.

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• file corruption on read/write 2.6.32-22-server (happens across many kernels)

  - by Jonathan

  Hi Guys, I'm having an issue where after the server has been up for a period of time (~week/few days) the server will start reading corrupt data. For instance when I run a sha1sum of a file after a fresh boot it remains the same. However after a while I will start to get segfaults and from then on whenever I read this file I get a different sha1sum. I've checked S.M.A.R.T with long tests and I've run an extended memtest86+(12 passes) My lspci is as follows: 00:00.0 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] RS780 Host Bridge 00:01.0 PCI bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] RS780 PCI to PCI bridge (int gfx) 00:06.0 PCI bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] RS780 PCI to PCI bridge (PCIE port 2) 00:07.0 PCI bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] RS780 PCI to PCI bridge (PCIE port 3) 00:11.0 SATA controller: ATI Technologies Inc SB700/SB800 SATA Controller [AHCI mode] 00:12.0 USB Controller: ATI Technologies Inc SB700/SB800 USB OHCI0 Controller 00:12.1 USB Controller: ATI Technologies Inc SB700 USB OHCI1 Controller 00:12.2 USB Controller: ATI Technologies Inc SB700/SB800 USB EHCI Controller 00:13.0 USB Controller: ATI Technologies Inc SB700/SB800 USB OHCI0 Controller 00:13.1 USB Controller: ATI Technologies Inc SB700 USB OHCI1 Controller 00:13.2 USB Controller: ATI Technologies Inc SB700/SB800 USB EHCI Controller 00:14.0 SMBus: ATI Technologies Inc SBx00 SMBus Controller (rev 3c) 00:14.1 IDE interface: ATI Technologies Inc SB700/SB800 IDE Controller 00:14.3 ISA bridge: ATI Technologies Inc SB700/SB800 LPC host controller 00:14.4 PCI bridge: ATI Technologies Inc SBx00 PCI to PCI Bridge 00:14.5 USB Controller: ATI Technologies Inc SB700/SB800 USB OHCI2 Controller 00:18.0 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] K10 [Opteron, Athlon64, Sempron] HyperTransport Configuration 00:18.1 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] K10 [Opteron, Athlon64, Sempron] Address Map 00:18.2 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] K10 [Opteron, Athlon64, Sempron] DRAM Controller 00:18.3 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] K10 [Opteron, Athlon64, Sempron] Miscellaneous Control 00:18.4 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] K10 [Opteron, Athlon64, Sempron] Link Control 01:05.0 VGA compatible controller: ATI Technologies Inc Radeon HD 3300 Graphics 01:05.1 Audio device: ATI Technologies Inc RS780 Azalia controller 02:00.0 Ethernet controller: Atheros Communications Atheros AR8121/AR8113/AR8114 PCI-E Ethernet Controller (rev b0) 03:00.0 FireWire (IEEE 1394): VIA Technologies, Inc. Device 3403 I could really use some help on this, do you have any idea what could cause this? It's really frustrating me as it seems to trigger entirely randomly and will not go away until I reboot. I'm also use KVM for virtualization as well as MD for software RAID on this server and the processor is a Phenom II X4 965. I don't believe it's the software raid however as this affects files also hosted on non-raid partitions so I don't know.

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• How to interrupt software raid resync?

  - by Adam5

  I want to interrupt a running resync operation on a debian squeeze software raid. (This is the regular scheduled compare resync. The raid array is still clean in such a case. Do not confuse this with a rebuild after a disk failed and was replaced.) How to stop this scheduled resync operation while it is running? Another raid array is "resync pending", because they all get checked on the same day (sunday night) one after another. I want a complete stop of this sunday night resyncing. [Edit: sudo kill -9 1010 doesn't stop it, 1010 is the PID of the md2_resync process] I would also like to know how I can control the intervals between resyncs and the remainig time till the next one. [Edit2: What I did now was to make the resync go very slow, so it does not disturb anymore: sudo sysctl -w dev.raid.speed_limit_max=1000 taken from http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/linux-raid-increase-resync-rebuild-speed.html During the night I will set it back to a high value, so the resync can terminate. This workaround is fine for most situations, nonetheless it would be interesting to know if what I asked is possible. For example it does not seem to be possible to grow an array, while it is resyncing or resyncing "pending"]

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• convert full-disk RAID5 array to partition-based array?

  - by Delan Azabani

  I have a RAID 5 array, md0, with three full-disk (non-partitioned) members, sdb, sdc, and sdd. My computer will hang during the AHCI BIOS if AHCI is enabled instead of IDE, if these drives are plugged in. I believe it may be because I'm using the whole disk, and the AHCI BIOS expects an MBR to be on the drive (I don't know why it would care). Is there a way to convert the array to use members sdb1, sdc1 and sdd1, partitioned MBR with 0xFD RAID partitions?

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• Can you change the metadata version on an existing array?

  - by xenoterracide

  So I've been told that grub requires metadata version 0.90 I'm wondering if I can change my existing arrays to use that instead of the default which is 1.2. That way I don't have to go about a reinstall. If yes, how can I do it?

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• Linux Software RAID1 Rebuild Completes, but after reboot, its degraded again

  - by zimmy6996

  I have been beating my head with an issue here, and I'm now turning to the internet for help. I have a system running Mandrake Linux, with the following configuration: /dev/hda - This is a IDE drive. Has some partitions on it that boot the system and make up most of the file system. /dev/sda - This is drive 1 of 2 for a software raid /dev/md0 /dev/sdb - This is drive 2 of 2 for a software raid /dev/md0 md0 gets mounted but fstab as /data-storage, so it is not critical to the systems ability to boot. We can comment it out of fstab, and the system works just fine either way. The problem is, we have a failed sdb drive. So I shut the box down, and have pulled the failed disk and installed a new disk. When the system boots up, /proc/mdstat shows only sda as part of the raid. I then run the various command to rebuild the RAID to /dev/sdb. Everything rebuilds correctly, and upon completion, you look at /proc/mdstat and it shows 2 drives sda1(0) and sdb1(1). Everything looks great. Then you reboot the box ... UGH!!! Once rebooted, sdb is missing again from the RAID. It is like the rebuild never happened. I can walk through the commands to rebuild it again, and it will work, but again, after reboot, the box seems to make sdb just vanish! The real odd thing is, if after reboot, I pull sda out of the box, and try to get the system to load with the rebuilt sdb drive in the system, and when I do, the system actually throws and error just after grub, and says something about drive error, and the system has to shut down. Thoughts??? I'm starting to wonder if grub has something to do with this mess. That the drive isn't being setup within grub to be visible at boot? This RAID array isn't necessary for the system to boot, but when the replacement drive is in there, without SDA it won't boot system, so it makes me believe there is something to that. On top of that, there just seems to be something wonky here the drive falling off of RAID after reboot. I've hit the point of pounding my head on the keyboard. Any help would be greatly appreciated!!!

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• Linux software Raid 10 no superblock

  - by Shoshomiga

  I have a software raid 10 with 6 x 2tb hard drives (raid 1 for /boot), ubuntu 10.04 is the os. I had a raid controller failure that put 2 drives out of sync, crashed the system and initially the os didnt boot up and went into initramfs instead, saying that drives were busy but I eventually managed to bring the raid up by stopping and assembling the drives. The os booted up and said that there were filesystem errors, I chose to ignore because it would remount the fs in read-only mode if there was a problem. Everything seemed to be working fine and the 2 drives started to rebuild, I was sure that it was a sata controller failure because I had dma errors in my log files. The os crashed soon after that with ext errors. Now its not bringing up the raid, it says that there is no superblock on /dev/sda2. I tried to reassemble manually with all the device names but it still would not bring up the raid 10 complaining about the missing superblock on sda2, and sda1 was also dropped from the raid 1. When I did examine on the raid10 it says that 1 of the initially failed drives is a spare, the other is spare rebuilding and sda2 is removed. It seems that sda decided to fail right when the system was vulnerable to it because when I boot up a live cd it spews out sda unrecoverable read failures. I have been trying to fix this all week but I'm not sure where to go with this now, I ordered more hard drives because I didn't have a complete backup, but its too late for that now and the only thing I could do is mirror all the hard drives onto the new ones (I'm not sure whether sda was mirrored without errors). On the internet I read that you can recover from this by recreating the array with the same options as when it was made, however because sda is failing I cant use it and I don't want to risk using its mirror instead, so I'm waiting to get another hard drive. I'm also not sure whether to include the out of sync drives or if I can actually use those instead to recover the array. Sorry if this is a mess to read but I've been trying to fix this all day and its late at night now, any thoughts on this would be greatly appreciated. I also did a memtest and changed the motherboard in addition to everything else. EDIT: This is my partition layout Disk /dev/sdb: 2000.4 GB, 2000398934016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 243201 cylinders, total 3907029168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0009c34a Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 * 2048 511999 254976 83 Linux /dev/sdb2 512000 3904980991 1952234496 83 Linux /dev/sdb3 3904980992 3907028991 1024000 82 Linux swap / Solaris

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• Post raid5 setup reboot shows single hard drive failure on ubuntu 12.10?

  - by junkie

  I just set up raid 5 on linux using three HDDs as per a guide. It all went fine until when I rebooted I got the following text: http://i.stack.imgur.com/Zsfjk.jpg. Does this mean one of my HDDs has failed? How do I check if any of them are failing? I tried using smartctl and didn't see any issues. Or is it nothing to do with failure and something else altogether? I would like to get the raid 5 working again but I'm not sure where to go from here. I'm using ubuntu 12.10 and the three raid disks each have a gpt partition with a single full size partition of filesystem type ext4. Note I only got an error on reboot not while I was creating the raid array which went fine. Thanks.

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• slow software raid

  - by Jure1873

  I've got software raid 1 for / and /home and it seems I'm not getting the right speed out of it. Reading from md0 I get around 100 MB/sec Reading from sda or sdb I get around 95-105 MB/sec I thought I would get more speed (while reading data) from two drives. I don't know what is the problem. I'm using kernel 2.6.31-18 hdparm -tT /dev/md0 /dev/md0: Timing cached reads: 2078 MB in 2.00 seconds = 1039.72 MB/sec Timing buffered disk reads: 304 MB in 3.01 seconds = 100.96 MB/sec hdparm -tT /dev/sda /dev/sda: Timing cached reads: 2084 MB in 2.00 seconds = 1041.93 MB/sec Timing buffered disk reads: 316 MB in 3.02 seconds = 104.77 MB/sec hdparm -tT /dev/sdb /dev/sdb: Timing cached reads: 2150 MB in 2.00 seconds = 1075.94 MB/sec Timing buffered disk reads: 302 MB in 3.01 seconds = 100.47 MB/sec Edit: Raid 1

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• Is it reasonable to make a RAID-1 array with a ram disk and a physical disk to maximize read performance and protect data?

  - by Petr Pudlák

  In one of the answers on SO (I forgot which one) I've seen a suggestion to make a RAID-1 array composed of a RAM disk and a physical partition. By adding the physical partition with --write-mostly and enabling --write-behind the system should read everything instantly from the RAM disk but still save all data to the physical partition so that the data are preserved and the RAID array can be assembled again after reboot. Is such a setup reasonable? Will it perform any better in some scenario than having just the physical partition and perhaps tweaking the kernel to favor disk cache (swappiness and vfs_cache_pressure)?

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• RAID1: Which disk will be mirrored?

  - by tmelen

  How does a RAID1 system determine which disk to use as the source and which disk to use as the destination when mirroring? Assume for instance the following scenario: A RAID1 array is created with two disks A and B. A is replaced by disk C, which is added to the array. Files are beeing modified as time goes by. Now B is removed and A is reinserted. Will the RAID1 system realize that A and C are out of sync? And that C is more up-to-date than A? And if not, is there a safe way to avoid the mirroring process to start immediately when disk A is inserted?

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• Device or resource busy errors when setting up a RAID array

  - by JGazlyVFX

  I'm trying to create a Raid array and these are the errors I keep getting. I have repartitioned the drives several times. root@BitchStewie:/dev# sudo mdadm --verbose --create /dev/md1 --chunk=64 --level=0 --raid-devices=12 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1 /dev/sde1 /dev/sdf1 /dev/sdg1 /dev/sdh1 /dev/sdi1 /dev/sdj1 /dev/sdk1 /dev/sdl1 /dev/sdm1 mdadm: super1.x cannot open /dev/sdb1: Device or resource busy mdadm: ddf: Cannot use /dev/sdb1: Device or resource busy mdadm: Cannot use /dev/sdb1: It is busy mdadm: device /dev/sdb1 not suitable for any style of array

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• Raid 11 : how to stop @ how to release devices

  - by santhosha

  #cat /proc/mdstat md7 : active raid10 sdh1[2] 286743936 blocks 64K chunks 2 near-copies [4/1] [__U_] [0:0:3:0] #mdadm -f /dev/md7 /dev/sdh1 mdadm: set /dev/sdh1 faulty in /dev/md7 #mdadm -r /dev/md7 /dev/sdh1 mdadm: hot remove failed for /dev/sdh1: Device or resource busy # umount /dev/md7 umount: /dev/md7: not mounted #mdadm --stop /dev/md7 mdadm: fail to stop array /dev/md7: Device or resource busy #cat /proc/mdstat md7 : active raid10 sdh1[2] 286743936 blocks 64K chunks 2 near-copies [4/1] [__U_] [0:0:3:0]

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