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• most efficient AABB vs Ray collision algorithms

  - by Asher Einhorn

  Is there a known 'most efficient' algorithm for AABB vs Ray collision detection? I recently stumbled accross Arvo's AABB vs Sphere collision algorithm, and I am wondering if there is a similarly noteworthy algorithm for this. One must have condition for this algorithm is that I need to have the option of querying the result for the distance from the ray's origin to the point of collision. having said this, if there is another, faster algorithm which does not return distance, then in addition to posting one that does, also posting that algorithm would be very helpful indeed. Please also state what the function's return argument is, and how you use it to return distance or a 'no-collision' case. For example, does it have an out parameter for the distance as well as a bool return value? or does it simply return a float with the distance, vs a value of -1 for no collision? (For those that don't know: AABB = Axis Aligned Bounding Box)

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• Combining pathfinding with global AI objectives

  - by V_Programmer

  I'm making a turn-based strategy game using Java and LibGDX. Now I want to code the AI. I haven't written the AI code yet. I've simply designed it. The AI will have two components, one focused in tactics and resource management (create troops, determine who have strategical advantage, detect important objectives, etc) and a individual component, focused in assign the work to each unit, examine its possibilites and move the unit. Now I'm facing an important problem. The map where the action take place is a grid-based map. Each terrain has different movement cost. I read about pathfinding and I think A* is a very good option to determine a good route between two points. However, imagine I have an unit with movement = 5 (i.e, it can move 5 tiles of movement cost = 1). My tactical AI has found an objective at a distance d = 20 tiles (Manhattan distance) from my unit. My problem is the following: the unit won't be able to reach the objective in one turn. So the AI will have to store a list of position and execute them in various turns. I don't know how to solve this. PS. In my unit code, I have a list called "selectionMarks" which stores all the possible places where the unit can go in this turn. This places are calculed recursively using a "getSelectionMarks" function. Any help is appreciated :D

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• How to blend the sprite into background?

  - by optimisez

  I try to blend the character into game but I still cannot remove the blue color in the sprite sheet and discover that the white area of sprite is semi-transparent. Before that, the color D3DCOLOR_XRGB(255, 255, 255) is set in D3DXCreateTextureFromFileEx. You will see the fireball through the sprite. After I change the color to D3DCOLOR_XRGB(0, 255, 255), the result will be Now, I am trying to remove the blue color of the sprite sheet and my expected result is something like that Until now, I still cannot figure out how to do that. Any ideas? void initPlayer() { // Create texture. hr = D3DXCreateTextureFromFileEx(d3dDevice, "player.png", 169, 44, D3DX_DEFAULT, NULL, D3DFMT_A8R8G8B8, D3DPOOL_MANAGED, D3DX_DEFAULT, D3DX_DEFAULT, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(0, 255, 255), NULL, NULL, &player); } void renderPlayer() { sprite->Draw(player, &playerRect, NULL, &D3DXVECTOR3(playerDest.X, playerDest.Y, 0),D3DCOLOR_XRGB(255, 255, 255)); } void initFireball() { hr = D3DXCreateTextureFromFileEx(d3dDevice, "fireball.png", 512, 512, D3DX_DEFAULT, NULL, D3DFMT_A8R8G8B8, D3DPOOL_MANAGED, D3DX_DEFAULT, D3DX_DEFAULT, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(255, 255, 255), NULL, NULL, &fireball); } void renderFireball() { sprite->Draw(fireball, &fireballRect, NULL, &D3DXVECTOR3(fireballDest.X, fireballDest.Y, 0), D3DCOLOR_XRGB(255,255, 255)); }

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• Circle physics and collision using vectors

  - by Joe Hearty

  This is a problem I've been having, When making a set number of filled circles at random locations on a JPanel and applying a gravity (a negative change in the y), each of the circles collide. I want them to have collision detection and push in the opposite direction using vectors but I don't know how to apply that to my scenario could someone help? public void drawballs(Graphics g){ g.setColor (Color.white); //displays circles for(int i = 0; i<xlocationofcircles.length-1; i++){ g.fillOval( (int) xlocationofcircles[i], (int) (ylocationofcircles[i]) ,16 ,16 ); ylocationofcircles[i]+=.2; //gravity if(ylocationofcircles[i] > 550) //stops gravity at bottom of screen ylocationofcircles[i]-=.2; //Check distance between circles(i think..) float distance =(xlocationofcircles[i+1]-xlocationofcircles[i]) + (ylocationofcircles[i+1]-xlocationofcircles[i]); if( Math.sqrt(distance) <16) ...

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• 3d Picking under reticle

  - by Wolftousen

  i'm currently trying to work out some 3d picking code that I started years ago, but then lost interested the assignment was completed (this part wasn't actually part of the assignment). I am not using the mouse coords for picking, i'm just using the position in 3d space and a ray directly out from there. A small hitch though is that I want to use a cone and not a ray. Here are the variables i'm using: float iReticleSlope = 95/3000; //inverse reticle slope float baseReticle = 1; //radius of the reticle at z = 0 float maxRange = 3000; //max range to target Quaternion orientation; //the cameras orientation Vector3d position; //the cameras position Then I loop through each object in the world: Vector3d transformed; //object position after transformations float d, r; //holder variables for(i = 0; i < objects.length; i++) { transformed = position - objects[i].position; //transform the position relative to camera orientation.multiply(transformed); //orient the object relative to the camera if(transformed.z < 0) { d = sqrt(transformed[0] * transformed[0] + transformed[1] * transformed[1]); r = -transformed[2] * iReticleSlope + objects[i].radius; if(d < r && -transformed[2] - objects[i].radius <= maxRange) { //the object is under the reticle } else { //the object is not under the reticle } } else { //the object is not under the reticle } } Now this all works fine and dandy until the window ratio doesn't match the resolution ratio. Is there any simple way to account for that

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• How can I get into the educational market?

  - by mmyers

  I believe that my current game project is very well-suited for educational gaming; so well-suited, in fact, that I know of several different schools (one community college and at least one or two high schools) that have used versions of it at some time or another. And that's without any such marketing on my part. I'd like to expand on this part of the potential user base. But I have absolutely no experience in dealing with school administrations. How can I break into this market enough to be noticed? And on a side note, could marketing the game as educational kill the gamers market?

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• Which physics phenomenons can be simulated properly with Box2d or bullet physics? [on hold]

  - by user3585425

  Knowing that box2d or bullet physics can't simulate Newton's cradle (because of multiple bodies being in contact at the same time if I understand correctly), is there a sets of physics phenomenons that imply two or more objects that still can be simulated properly ? For example, I'm thinking about lightweight objects launched towards heavyweight objects. If the object is destroyed on contact, this would not make a difference if the energy is not transmitted correctly on impact.

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• PhysX Capsule Character Controller floating above ground

  - by Jannie

  I am using PhysX Version 3.0.2 in the simulation package I'm working on, and I've encountered some bizarre behavior with the capsule character controller. When I set the controller's height and radius to the appropriate values (r = 0.25, h = 1.86)it behaves correctly (moving along the ground, colliding with other objects, and so on) except that the capsule itself is floating above the ground. The actor will then bump his head when trying to get through a door, since the capsule is the correct height but also floating above the ground. This image should illustrate what I'm going on about: One can clearly see that the rest of the scene has their collision bodies wrapped correctly, it's just the capsule that's going wrong! The stop-gap I've implemented is creating a smaller capsule and giving it an offset, but I need to implement ray-picking for the controller next so the capsule has to surround the character model properly. Here's my character creation code (with height = 1.86f and radius = 0.25f): NxController* D3DPhysXManager::CreateCharacterController( std::string l_stdsControllerName, float l_fHeight, float l_fRadius, D3DXVECTOR3 l_v3Position ) { NxCapsuleControllerDesc l_CapsuleControllerDescription; l_CapsuleControllerDescription.height = l_fHeight; l_CapsuleControllerDescription.radius = l_fRadius; l_CapsuleControllerDescription.position.set( l_v3Position.x, l_v3Position.y, l_v3Position.z ); l_CapsuleControllerDescription.callback = &this->m_ControllerHitReport; NxController* l_pController = this->m_pControllerManager->createController( this->m_pScene, l_CapsuleControllerDescription ); this->m_pControllerMap.insert( l_ControllerValuePair( l_stdsControllerName, l_pController ) ); return l_pController; } Any help at all would be appreciated, I just can't figure this one out! P.S. I've found a couple of (rather old) threads describing the same issue, but it seems they couldn't find a solution either. Here are the links: http://forum-archive.developer.nvidia.com/index.php?showtopic=6409 http://forum-archive.developer.nvidia.com/index.php?showtopic=3272 http://www.ogre3d.org/addonforums/viewtopic.php?f=8&t=23003

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• Box2D blocky map. Body, Fixtures a huge map and performance

  - by Solom

  Right now I'm still in the planning phase of a my very first game. I'm creating a "Minecraft"-like game in 2D that features blocks that can be destroyed as well as players moving around the map. For creating the map I chose a 2D-Array of Integers that represent the Block ID. For testing purposes I created a huge map (16348 * 256) and in my prototype that didn't use Box2D everything worked like a charm. I only rendered those blocks that where within the bounds of my camera and got 60 fps straight. The problem started when I decided to use an existing physics-solution rather than implementing my own one. What I had was basically simple hitboxes around the blocks and then I had to manually check if the player collided with any of those in his neighborhood. For more advanced physics as well as the collision detection I want to switch over to Box2D. The problem I have right now is ... how to go about the bodies? I mean, the blocks are of a static bodytype. They don't move on their own, they just are there to be collided with. But as far as I can see it, every block needs his own body with a rectangular fixture attached to it, so as to be destroyable. But for a huge map such as mine, this turns out to be a real performance bottle-neck. (In fact even a rather small map [compared to the other] of 1024*256 is unplayable.) I mean I create thousands of thousands of blocks. Even if I just render those that are in my immediate neighborhood there are hundreds of them and (at least with the debugRenderer) I drop to 1 fps really quickly (on my own "monster machine"). I thought about strategies like creating just one body, attaching multiple fixtures and only if a fixture got hit, separate it from the body, create a new one and destroy it, but this didn't turn out quite as successful as hoped. (In fact the core just dumps. Ah hello C! I really missed you :X) Here is the code: public class Box2DGameScreen implements Screen { private World world; private Box2DDebugRenderer debugRenderer; private OrthographicCamera camera; private final float TIMESTEP = 1 / 60f; // 1/60 of a second -> 1 frame per second private final int VELOCITYITERATIONS = 8; private final int POSITIONITERATIONS = 3; private Map map; private BodyDef blockBodyDef; private FixtureDef blockFixtureDef; private BodyDef groundDef; private Body ground; private PolygonShape rectangleShape; @Override public void show() { world = new World(new Vector2(0, -9.81f), true); debugRenderer = new Box2DDebugRenderer(); camera = new OrthographicCamera(); // Pixel:Meter = 16:1 // Body definition BodyDef ballDef = new BodyDef(); ballDef.type = BodyDef.BodyType.DynamicBody; ballDef.position.set(0, 1); // Fixture definition FixtureDef ballFixtureDef = new FixtureDef(); ballFixtureDef.shape = new CircleShape(); ballFixtureDef.shape.setRadius(.5f); // 0,5 meter ballFixtureDef.restitution = 0.75f; // between 0 (not jumping up at all) and 1 (jumping up the same amount as it fell down) ballFixtureDef.density = 2.5f; // kg / m² ballFixtureDef.friction = 0.25f; // between 0 (sliding like ice) and 1 (not sliding) // world.createBody(ballDef).createFixture(ballFixtureDef); groundDef = new BodyDef(); groundDef.type = BodyDef.BodyType.StaticBody; groundDef.position.set(0, 0); ground = world.createBody(groundDef); this.map = new Map(20, 20); rectangleShape = new PolygonShape(); // rectangleShape.setAsBox(1, 1); blockFixtureDef = new FixtureDef(); // blockFixtureDef.shape = rectangleShape; blockFixtureDef.restitution = 0.1f; blockFixtureDef.density = 10f; blockFixtureDef.friction = 0.9f; } @Override public void render(float delta) { Gdx.gl.glClearColor(1, 1, 1, 1); Gdx.gl.glClear(GL20.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT); debugRenderer.render(world, camera.combined); drawMap(); world.step(TIMESTEP, VELOCITYITERATIONS, POSITIONITERATIONS); } private void drawMap() { for(int a = 0; a < map.getHeight(); a++) { /* if(camera.position.y - (camera.viewportHeight/2) > a) continue; if(camera.position.y - (camera.viewportHeight/2) < a) break; */ for(int b = 0; b < map.getWidth(); b++) { /* if(camera.position.x - (camera.viewportWidth/2) > b) continue; if(camera.position.x - (camera.viewportWidth/2) < b) break; */ /* blockBodyDef = new BodyDef(); blockBodyDef.type = BodyDef.BodyType.StaticBody; blockBodyDef.position.set(b, a); world.createBody(blockBodyDef).createFixture(blockFixtureDef); */ PolygonShape rectangleShape = new PolygonShape(); rectangleShape.setAsBox(1, 1, new Vector2(b, a), 0); blockFixtureDef.shape = rectangleShape; ground.createFixture(blockFixtureDef); rectangleShape.dispose(); } } } @Override public void resize(int width, int height) { camera.viewportWidth = width / 16; camera.viewportHeight = height / 16; camera.update(); } @Override public void hide() { dispose(); } @Override public void pause() { } @Override public void resume() { } @Override public void dispose() { world.dispose(); debugRenderer.dispose(); } } As you can see I'm facing multiple problems here. I'm not quite sure how to check for the bounds but also if the map is bigger than 24*24 like 1024*256 Java just crashes -.-. And with 24*24 I get like 9 fps. So I'm doing something really terrible here, it seems and I assume that there most be a (much more performant) way, even with Box2D's awesome physics. Any other ideas? Thanks in advance!

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• Accessing managers from game entities/components

  - by Boreal

  I'm designing an entity-component engine in C# right now, and all components need to have access to the global event manager, which sends off inter-entity events (every entity also has a local event manager). I'd like to be able to simply call functions like this: GlobalEventManager.Publish("Foo", new EventData()); GlobalEventManager.Subscribe("Bar", OnBarEvent); without having to do this: class HealthComponent { private EventManager globalEventManager; public HealthComponent(EventManager gEM) { globalEventManager = gEM; } } // later on... EventManager globalEventManager = new EventManager(); Entity playerEntity = new Entity(); playerEntity.AddComponent(new HealthComponent(globalEventManager)); How can I accomplish this? EDIT: I solved it by creating a singleton called GlobalEventManager. It derives from the local EventManager class and I use it like this: GlobalEventManager.Instance.Publish("Foo", new EventData());

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• Flixel: doesn't light tile up

  - by Arno

  i'm creating a game with flixel, and I want to have a effect when you mouse over a tile, I tried implementing it, and this is what it gives: public class GameState extends FlxState { private var block:EmptyBlock; public function GameState() { } override public function create():void { for (var i:Number = 0; i < 30; i++) { block = new EmptyBlock(i, 20); block.create(); } } override public function update():void { block.update(); super.update(); } } } GameState class and here is the EmptyBlock class: public class EmptyBlock { private var x:int; private var y:int; private var row:FlxRect public function EmptyBlock(x:int, y:int ) { this.x = x; this.y = y; } public function create():void { row = new FlxRect(x, y, 32, 32); trace ("Created block at" + x + y); } public function update():void { if (FlxG.mouse.screenX == row.x) { if (FlxG.mouse.screenY == row.y) { var outline:FlxSprite = new FlxSprite(row.x, row.y).makeGraphic(row.width, row.height, 0x002525); } } } } }

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• Has an open console any chance to give more strength to the indie game world ?

  - by jokoon

  I have heard about the GPX, but i don't really think the embedded market is mature enough in terms of performance, but what about the home console market ? I'm not talking about last-generation graphics, because that would be economically impossible, but what about an hardware as fast as a playstation 2/Xbox 1/Gamecube ? For games, the trick would be to ask some editors to recompile their best sellers for the new machine: those games being from the PSX age or even older console generations, I think this would have a very low cost job and they could still make some good profit, but I need to know if this is doable technically, considering the architecture which can be quite exotic. Do you think it would be a viable project to talk about to investors ?

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• A simple example of movement prediction

  - by Daniel

  I've seen lots of examples of theory about the reason for client-side prediction, but I'm having a hard time converting it into code. I was wondering if someone knows of some specific examples that share some of the code, or can share their knowledge to shed some light into my situation. I'm trying to run some tests to get a the movement going (smoothly) between multiple clients. I'm using mouse input to initiate movement. I'm using AS3 and C# on a local Player.IO server. Right now I'm trying to get the Client side working, as I'm only forwarding position info with the client. I have 2 timers, one is an onEnterFrame and the other is a 100ms Timer, and one on mouseClick listener. When I click anywhere with a mouse, I update my player class to give it a destination point On every enterFrame Event for the player, it moves towards the destination point At every 100ms it sends a message to the server with the position of where it should be in a 100ms. The distance traveled is calculated by taking the distance (in Pixels) that the player can travel in one second, and dividing it by the framerate for the onEnterFrame handler, and by the update frequency (1/0.100s) for the server update. For the other Players, the location is interpolated and animated on every frame based on the new location. Is this the right way of doing it?

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• Coordinate and positioning problem on iOS with cocos2d-x

  - by Vexille

  I'm using cocos2d-x alongside with Marmalade and running some tests and tutorials before starting an actual project with them. So far things are working reasonably well on the windows simulator, Android and even on Blackberry's Playbook, but on iOS devices (iPhone and iPad) the positioning seems to be off. To make things clearer, I put together a scene that just draws an image in the middle of the screen. It worked as expected on everything else, but this is the result I got on an iPhone: To get the coordinates for the center of the screen I'm using the VisibleRect class from the TestCpp sample. It just uses sharedOpenGLView to get the visible size and visible origin, and calculate the center from that. CCSprite* test = CCSprite::create("Ball.png", CCRectMake(0, 0, 80, 80) ); test->setPosition( ccp(VisibleRect::center().x, VisibleRect::center().y) ); this->addChild(test); Also I have a noBorder policy set on AppDelegate: CCEGLView::sharedOpenGLView()->setDesignResolutionSize(designSize.width, designSize.height, kResolutionNoBorder); One funny thing is that I tried to deploy the TestCpp sample project to some iOS devices and it worked reasonably well on the iPhone, but on the iPad the application was only being drawn on a small portion of the screen - just like what happened on the iPhone when I tried using the ShowAll policy.

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• Path Finding for an Arena based map in 3D using NavMesh

  - by Happybirthday

  I have a 3D arena map (consider a small island surrounded by water on all sides) for a multiplayer Tank fight game. The moveable areas are marked using a Navigation Mesh made by the Arena designer. My question is what would be the best way for navigation in such an environment ? Specially considering the case when there is a Bridge at the center of the arena and you could walk under it or even above it ? If suppose the enemy is standing at the top of the Bridge and my AI is at one of the edges of the map ? How can it know whether the enemy is above or below the bridge and how can it navigate till it ?

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• Keypress Left is called twice in Update when key is pressed only once

  - by Simran kaur

  I have a piece of code that is changing the position of player when left key is pressed. It is inside of Update() function. I know, Update is called multiple times, but since I have an ifstatement to check if left arrow is pressed, it should update only once. I have tested using print statement that once pressed, it gets called twice. Problem: Position updated twice when key is pressed only once. Below given is the structure of my code: void Update() { if (Input.GetKeyDown (KeyCode.LeftArrow)) { print ("PRESSEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEDDDDDDDDDDDDDD"); } } I looked up on web and what was suggested id this: if (Event.current.type == EventType.KeyDown && Event.current.keyCode == KeyCode.LeftArrow) { print("pressed"); } But, It gives me an error that says: Object reference not set to instance of an object How can I fix this?

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• How do I scroll in the physical world?

  - by Esteban Quintero

  I am using andengine to make a game where a sprite (player) is going up across the stage, this is my world. final Rectangle ground = new Rectangle(0, CAMERA_HEIGHT - 2, CAMERA_WIDTH, 2, vertexBufferObjectManager); final Rectangle roof = new Rectangle(0, 0, CAMERA_WIDTH, 2, vertexBufferObjectManager); final Rectangle left = new Rectangle(0, 0, 2, CAMERA_HEIGHT, vertexBufferObjectManager); final Rectangle right = new Rectangle(CAMERA_WIDTH - 2, 0, 2, CAMERA_HEIGHT, vertexBufferObjectManager); final FixtureDef wallFixtureDef = PhysicsFactory.createFixtureDef(0, 0.5f, 0.5f); PhysicsFactory.createBoxBody(this.mPhysicsWorld, ground, BodyType.StaticBody, wallFixtureDef); PhysicsFactory.createBoxBody(this.mPhysicsWorld, roof, BodyType.StaticBody, wallFixtureDef); PhysicsFactory.createBoxBody(this.mPhysicsWorld, left, BodyType.StaticBody, wallFixtureDef); PhysicsFactory.createBoxBody(this.mPhysicsWorld, right, BodyType.StaticBody, wallFixtureDef); /* Create two sprits and add it to the scene. */ this.mScene.setBackground(autoParallaxBackground); this.mScene.attachChild(ground); this.mScene.attachChild(roof); this.mScene.attachChild(left); this.mScene.attachChild(right); this.mScene.registerUpdateHandler(this.mPhysicsWorld); The problem is that if the sprite reaches up and hits the wall, as I scroll here?

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• How do I pass vertex and color positions to OpenGL shaders?

  - by smoth190

  I've been trying to get this to work for the past two days, telling myself I wouldn't ask for help. I think you can see where that got me... I thought I'd try my hand at a little OpenGL, because DirectX is complex and depressing. I picked OpenGL 3.x, because even with my OpenGL 4 graphics card, all my friends don't have that, and I like to let them use my programs. There aren't really any great tutorials for OpenGL 3, most are just "type this and this will happen--the end". I'm trying to just draw a simple triangle, and so far, all I have is a blank screen with my clear color (when I set the draw type to GL_POINTS I just get a black dot). I have no idea what the problem is, so I'll just slap down the code: Here is the function that creates the triangle: void CEntityRenderable::CreateBuffers() { m_vertices = new Vertex3D[3]; m_vertexCount = 3; m_vertices[0].x = -1.0f; m_vertices[0].y = -1.0f; m_vertices[0].z = -5.0f; m_vertices[0].r = 1.0f; m_vertices[0].g = 0.0f; m_vertices[0].b = 0.0f; m_vertices[0].a = 1.0f; m_vertices[1].x = 1.0f; m_vertices[1].y = -1.0f; m_vertices[1].z = -5.0f; m_vertices[1].r = 1.0f; m_vertices[1].g = 0.0f; m_vertices[1].b = 0.0f; m_vertices[1].a = 1.0f; m_vertices[2].x = 0.0f; m_vertices[2].y = 1.0f; m_vertices[2].z = -5.0f; m_vertices[2].r = 1.0f; m_vertices[2].g = 0.0f; m_vertices[2].b = 0.0f; m_vertices[2].a = 1.0f; //Create the VAO glGenVertexArrays(1, &m_vaoID); //Bind the VAO glBindVertexArray(m_vaoID); //Create a vertex buffer glGenBuffers(1, &m_vboID); //Bind the buffer glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, m_vboID); //Set the buffers data glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(m_vertices), m_vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW); //Set its usage glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, sizeof(Vertex3D), 0); glVertexAttribPointer(1, 4, GL_FLOAT, GL_TRUE, sizeof(Vertex3D), (void*)(3*sizeof(float))); //Enable glEnableVertexAttribArray(0); glEnableVertexAttribArray(1); //Check for errors if(glGetError() != GL_NO_ERROR) { Error("Failed to create VBO: %s", gluErrorString(glGetError())); } //Unbind... glBindVertexArray(0); } The Vertex3D struct is as such... struct Vertex3D { Vertex3D() : x(0), y(0), z(0), r(0), g(0), b(0), a(1) {} float x, y, z; float r, g, b, a; }; And finally the render function: void CEntityRenderable::RenderEntity() { //Render... glBindVertexArray(m_vaoID); //Use our attribs glDrawArrays(GL_POINTS, 0, m_vertexCount); glBindVertexArray(0); //unbind OnRender(); } (And yes, I am binding and unbinding the shader. That is just in a different place) I think my problem is that I haven't fully wrapped my mind around this whole VertexAttribArray thing (the only thing I like better in DirectX was input layouts D:). This is my vertex shader: #version 330 //Matrices uniform mat4 projectionMatrix; uniform mat4 viewMatrix; uniform mat4 modelMatrix; //In values layout(location = 0) in vec3 position; layout(location = 1) in vec3 color; //Out values out vec3 frag_color; //Main shader void main(void) { //Position in world gl_Position = vec4(position, 1.0); //gl_Position = projectionMatrix * viewMatrix * modelMatrix * vec4(in_Position, 1.0); //No color changes frag_color = color; } As you can see, I've disable the matrices, because that just makes debugging this thing so much harder. I tried to debug using glslDevil, but my program just crashes right before the shaders are created... so I gave up with that. This is my first shot at OpenGL since the good old days of LWJGL, but that was when I didn't even know what a shader was. Thanks for your help :)

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• Why does Unity in 2d mode employ scaling and the default othographic size the way it does?

  - by Neophyte

  I previously used SFML, XNA, Monogame, etc to create 2d games, where if I display a 100px sprite on the screen, it will take up 100px. If I use 128px tiles to create a background, the first tile will be at (0,0) while the second will be at (129,0). Unity on the other hand, has its own odd unit system, scaling on all transforms, pixel-to-units, othographic size, etc etc. So my question is two-fold, namely: Why does Unity have this system by default for 2d? Is it for mobile dev? Is there a big benefit I'm not seeing? How can I setup my environment, so that if I have a 128x128 sprite in Photoshop, it displays as a 128x128 sprite in Unity when I run my game? Note that I am targeting desktop exclusively.

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• Must all AI states be able to react to any event?

  - by Prog

  FSMs implemented with the State design pattern are a common way to design AI agents. I am familiar with the State design pattern and know how to implement it. How is this used in games to design AI agents? Consider a simplified class Monster, representing an AI agent: class Monster { State state; // other fields omitted public void update(){ // called every game-loop cycle state.execute(this); } public void setState(State state){ this.state = state; } // irrelevant stuff omitted } There are several State subclasses implementing execute() differently. So far, classic State pattern. AI agents are subject to environmental effects and other objects communicating with them. For example, an AI agent might tell another AI agent to attack (i.e. agent.attack()). Or a fireball might tell an AI agent to fall down. This means that the agent must have methods such as attack() and fallDown(), or commonly some message receiving mechanism to understand such messages. With an FSM, the current State of the agent should be the one taking care of such method calls - i.e. the agent delegates to the current state upon every event. Is this correct? If correct, how is this done? Are all states obligated by their superclass to implement methods such as attack(), fallDown() etc., so the agent can always delegate to them on almost every event? Or is it done in some other way?

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• Frame Buffer Objects vs calling TexCoord2f?

  - by sensae

  I'm learning the basics of OpenGL with lwjgl currently, and following a guide I've got textured quads that can move around a scene. I've been reading about Frame Buffer Objects, and I'm not really clear on their purpose and their benefit. My understanding is that I'll create a FBO with the texture I'd like, load the FBO, draw a quad, then unload the FBO. What would the technique I'm currently doing for texture management be called, and how does it differ from using FBOs? What are the benefits to using FBOs? How does it fit into the grand rendering scheme of things?

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• I want to learn to program in SDL C++where do i start? I want to learn only what i need to to start making 2d games [on hold]

  - by user2644399

  Lazyfoo of Lazyfoo.net of the SDL 2d tutorial wrote that in order for me to start game programming in SDL, I need to know these concepts well; Operators, Controls, Loops, Functions, Structures, Arrays, References, Pointers, Classes, Objects how to use a template and Bitwise and/or. I want to know the fastest way to learn as much as I need of basic c++ that would allow me to make 2d games. Thanks in advance.

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• Multiplayer tile based movement synchronization

  - by Mars

  I have to synchronize the movement of multiple players over the Internet, and I'm trying to figure out the safest way to do that. The game is tile based, you can only move in 4 directions, and every move moves the sprite 32px (over time of course). Now, if I would simply send this move action to the server, which would broadcast it to all players, while the walk key is kept being pressed down, to keep walking, I have to take this next command, send it to the server, and to all clients, in time, or the movement won't be smooth anymore. I saw this in other games, and it can get ugly pretty quick, even without lag. So I'm wondering if this is even a viable option. This seems like a very good method for single player though, since it's easy, straight forward (, just take the next movement action in time and add it to a list), and you can easily add mouse movement (clicking on some tile), to add a path to a queue, that's walked along. The other thing that came to my mind was sending the information that someone started moving in some direction, and again once he stopped or changed the direction, together with the position, so that the sprite will appear at the correct position, or rather so that the position can be fixed if it's wrong. This should (hopefully) only make problems if someone really is lagging, in which case it's to be expected. For this to work out I'd need some kind of queue though, where incoming direction changes and stuff are saved, so the sprite knows where to go, after the current movement to the next tile is finished. This could actually work, but kinda sounds overcomplicated. Although it might be the only way to do this, without risk of stuttering. If a stop or direction change is received on the client side it's saved in a queue and the char keeps moving to the specified coordinates, before stopping or changing direction. If the new command comes in too late there'll be stuttering as well of course... I'm having a hard time deciding for a method, and I couldn't really find any examples for this yet. My main problem is keeping the tile movement smooth, which is why other topics regarding synchronization of pixel based movement aren't helping too much. What is the "standard" way to do this?

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• Using box2d DrawDebugData with multi layer scene ?

  - by Mr.Gando

  In my Game, a Scene is composed by several layers. Each layer has different camera transformations. This way I can have a layer at z=3 (GUI), z=2 (Monsters), z=1 (scrolling background), and this 3 layers compose my whole Scene. My render loop looks something like: renderLayer() applyTransformations() renderVisibleEntities() renderChildLayers() end If I call DrawDebugData() in the render loop, the whole b2world debug data will be rendered once for each layer in my scene, this generates a mess, because the "debug boxes" get duplicated, some of them get the camera transformations applied and some of them don't, etc. What I would like to do, would be to make DrawDebugData to draw only certain debug boxes. In that way, I could call something like b2world->DrawDebugDataForLayer(int layer_id) and call that on each layer like : renderLayer() applyTransformations() renderVisibleEntities() //Only render my corresponding layer debug data b2world->DrawDebugDataForLayer(layer_id) renderChildLayers() end Is there a way to subclass b2World so I could add this functionality ( specific to my game ) ? If not, what would be the best way to achieve this (Cocos2d uses a similar scene graph approach and box2d, but I'm not sure if debugDraw works in Cocos2d... ) Thanks

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• Cocos2d rotating sprite while moving with CCBezierBy

  - by marcg11

  I've done my moving actions which consists of sequences of CCBezierBy. However I would like the sprite to rotate by following the direction of the movement (like an airplane). How sould I do this with cocos2d? I've done the following to test this out. CCSprite *green = [CCSprite spriteWithFile:@"enemy_green.png"]; [green setPosition:ccp(50, 160)]; [self addChild:green]; ccBezierConfig bezier; bezier.controlPoint_1 = ccp(100, 200); bezier.controlPoint_2 = ccp(400, 200); bezier.endPosition = ccp(300,160); [green runAction:[CCAutoBezier actionWithDuration:4.0 bezier:bezier]]; In my subclass: @interface CCAutoBezier : CCBezierBy @end @implementation CCAutoBezier - (id)init { self = [super init]; if (self) { // Initialization code here. } return self; } -(void) update:(ccTime) t { CGPoint oldpos=[self.target position]; [super update:t]; CGPoint newpos=[self.target position]; float angle = atan2(newpos.y - oldpos.y, newpos.x - oldpos.x); [self.target setRotation: angle]; } @end However it rotating, but not following the path...

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