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• python unit testing os.remove fails file system

  - by hwjp

  Am doing a bit of unit testing on a function which attempts to open a new file, but should fail if the file already exists. when the function runs sucessfully, the new file is created, so i want to delete it after every test run, but it doesn't seem to be working: class MyObject_Initialisation(unittest.TestCase): def setUp(self): if os.path.exists(TEMPORARY_FILE_NAME): try: os.remove(TEMPORARY_FILE_NAME) except WindowsError: #TODO: can't figure out how to fix this... #time.sleep(3) #self.setUp() #this just loops forever pass def tearDown(self): self.setUp() any thoughts? The Windows Error thrown seems to suggest the file is in use... could it be that the tests are run in parallel threads? I've read elsewhere that it's 'bad practice' to use the filesystem in unit testing, but really? Surely there's a way around this that doesn't invole dummying the filesystem?

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• Python elegant inverse function of int(string,base)

  - by random guy

  python allows conversions from string to integer using any base in the range [2,36] using: int(string,base) im looking for an elegant inverse function that takes an integer and a base and returns a string for example >>> str_base(224,15) 'ee' i have the following solution: def digit_to_char(digit): if digit < 10: return chr(ord('0') + digit) else: return chr(ord('a') + digit - 10) def str_base(number,base): if number < 0: return '-' + str_base(-number,base) else: (d,m) = divmod(number,base) if d: return str_base(d,base) + digit_to_char(m) else: return digit_to_char(m) note: digit_to_char() works for bases <= 169 arbitrarily using ascii characters after 'z' as digits for bases above 36 is there a python builtin, library function, or a more elegant inverse function of int(string,base) ?

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• Scala : cleanest way to recursively parse files checking for multiple strings

  - by fred basset

  Hi All, I want to write a Scala script to recursively process all files in a directory. For each file I'd like to see if there are any cases where a string occurs at line X and line X - 2. If a case like that occurs I'd like to stop processing that file, and add that filename to a map of filenames to occurrence counts. I just started learning Scala today, I've got the file recurse code working, and need some help with the string searching, here's what I have so far: import java.io.File import scala.io.Source val s1= "CmdNum = 506" val s2 = "Data = [0000,]" def processFile(f: File) { val lines = scala.io.Source.fromFile(f).getLines.toArray for (i = 0 to lines.length - 1) { // want to do string searches here, see if line contains s1 and line two lines above also contains s1 //println(lines(i)) } } def recursiveListFiles(f: File): Array[File] = { val these = f.listFiles if (these != null) { for (i = 0 to these.length - 1) { if (these(i).isFile) { processFile(these(i)) } } these ++ these.filter(_.isDirectory).flatMap(recursiveListFiles) } else { Array[File]() } } println(recursiveListFiles(new File(args(0))))

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• Rails: textfield list to array of strings

  - by poseid

  I want to take input from a textfield and turn it into an array of strings. After having submitted the "post", I want to display again the textfield, but with the array showed below. I have a view that would look like: <% form_tag "/list2array" do -%> <%= text_area_tag "mylist" %> <div><%= submit_tag 'save' %></div> <% end -%> <% @myArray.each do |item| %> <%= item %> <% end %> And as a start for the controller: class List2ArrayController < ApplicationController def index end def save @myArray = params[:mylist].split("\r\n") end end However, after the post, I only get an empty textfield without values in the array from the previous POST. Do I need to use the model layer for my experiment? How? Or do I need to modify my controller?

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• Human readable URL causes a problem in Ruby on Rails

  - by TK

  I have a basic CRUD with "Company" model. To make the company name show up, I did def to_param name.parameterize end Then I accessed http://localhost:3000/companies/american-express which runs show action in the companies controller. Obviously this doesn't work because the show method is as following: def show @company = Company.find_by_id(params[:id]) end The params[:id] is american-express. This string is not stored anywhere. Do I need to store the short string (i.e., "american-express") in the database when I save the record? Or is there any way to retrieve the company data without saving the string in the database?

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• How can I link axes of imshow plots for zooming and panning?

  - by Adam Fraser

  Suppose I have a figure canvas with 3 plots... 2 are images of the same dimensions plotted with imshow, and the other is some other kind of subplot. I'd like to be able to link the x and y axes of the imshow plots so that when I zoom in one (using the zoom tool provided by the NavigationToolbar), the other zooms to the same coordinates, and when I pan in one, the other pans as well. Subplot methods such as scatter and histogram can be passed kwargs specifying an axes for sharex and sharey, but imshow has no such configuration. I started hacking my way around this by subclassing NavigationToolbar2WxAgg (shown below)... but there are several problems here. 1) This will link the axes of all plots in a canvas since all I've done is get rid of the checks for a.in_axes() 2) This worked well for panning, but zooming caused all subplots to zoom from the same global point, rather than from the same point in each of their respective axes. Can anyone suggest a workaround? Much thanks! -Adam from matplotlib.backends.backend_wxagg import NavigationToolbar2WxAgg class MyNavToolbar(NavigationToolbar2WxAgg): def __init__(self, canvas, cpfig): NavigationToolbar2WxAgg.__init__(self, canvas) # overrided # As mentioned in the code below, the only difference here from overridden # method is that this one doesn't check a.in_axes(event) when deciding which # axes to start the pan in... def press_pan(self, event): 'the press mouse button in pan/zoom mode callback' if event.button == 1: self._button_pressed=1 elif event.button == 3: self._button_pressed=3 else: self._button_pressed=None return x, y = event.x, event.y # push the current view to define home if stack is empty if self._views.empty(): self.push_current() self._xypress=[] for i, a in enumerate(self.canvas.figure.get_axes()): # only difference from overridden method is that this one doesn't # check a.in_axes(event) if x is not None and y is not None and a.get_navigate(): a.start_pan(x, y, event.button) self._xypress.append((a, i)) self.canvas.mpl_disconnect(self._idDrag) self._idDrag=self.canvas.mpl_connect('motion_notify_event', self.drag_pan) # overrided def press_zoom(self, event): 'the press mouse button in zoom to rect mode callback' if event.button == 1: self._button_pressed=1 elif event.button == 3: self._button_pressed=3 else: self._button_pressed=None return x, y = event.x, event.y # push the current view to define home if stack is empty if self._views.empty(): self.push_current() self._xypress=[] for i, a in enumerate(self.canvas.figure.get_axes()): # only difference from overridden method is that this one doesn't # check a.in_axes(event) if x is not None and y is not None and a.get_navigate() and a.can_zoom(): self._xypress.append(( x, y, a, i, a.viewLim.frozen(), a.transData.frozen())) self.press(event)

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• How to add a custom loglevel to Python's logging facility

  - by tuergeist

  Hi, I'd like to have loglevel TRACE (5) for my application as I don't think that debug() is enought. Additionally log(5, msg) isn't what I want. The question is, how can I add a custom log level to a Python logger? Actually I've a mylogger.py with the following content: import logging @property def log(obj): myLogger = logging.getLogger(obj.__class__.__name__) return myLogger In my code I use it in the following way: class ExampleClass(object): from mylogger import log def __init__(self): '''The constructor with the logger''' self.log.debug("Init runs") Now I'd like to call self.log.trace("foo bar") Thanks in advance for your help.

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• Django - how to make ImageField/FileField optional?

  - by ilya

  class Product(models.Model): ... image = models.ImageField(upload_to = generate_filename, blank = True) When I use ImageField (blank=True) and do not select image into admin form, exception occures. In django code you can see this: class FieldFile(File): .... def _require_file(self): if not self: raise ValueError("The '%s' attribute has no file associated with it." % self.field.name) def _get_file(self): self._require_file() ... Django trac has ticket #13327 about this problem, but seems it can't be fixed soon. How to make these field optional?

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• rails db migration, undefined method `to_sym', cant figure out syntax

  - by oelbrenner

  the original migration looks like this: class CreateUsers true do |t| t.string :login, :limit = 40 t.string :name, :limit = 100, :default = '', :null = true t.string :email, :limit = 100 t.string :crypted_password, :limit = 40 t.string :salt, :limit = 40 t.string :remember_token, :limit = 40 t.datetime :remember_token_expires_at t.string :activation_code, :limit = 40 t.datetime :activated_at, :datetime t.string :state, :null = :no, :default = 'passive' t.datetime :deleted_at t.integer :occupation_id, :null = :yes t.datetime :paid_up_to_date, :date t.timestamps end and I am trying to change the default of "state" to be "active" instead of passive so my attempt at a migration looks like this: ( still learning.. be gentle ) class ChangeUserStateDefault < ActiveRecord::Migration def self.up change_column :users, :state, :null = :no, :default = 'active' end def self.down end end

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• Can using Chronic impair your sense of time?

  - by Trip

  Haha.. I'm using Chronic to parse the time users add in the Calendar. Where the code works and implements the right time, the end result is that, IF a user adds a time, then it has no date, and because it has no date, it will not show in results. Any ideas? def set_dates unless self.natural_date.blank? || Chronic.parse(self.natural_date).blank? # check if we are dealing with a date or a date + time if time_provided?(self.natural_date) self.date = nil self.time = Chronic.parse(self.natural_date) else self.date = Chronic.parse(self.natural_date).to_date self.time = nil end end unless self.natural_end_date.blank? || Chronic.parse(self.natural_end_date).blank? # check if we are dealing with a date or a date + time if time_provided?(self.natural_end_date) self.end_date = nil self.end_time = Chronic.parse(self.natural_end_date) else self.end_date = Chronic.parse(self.natural_end_date).to_date self.end_time = nil end end end Edit: Here is the time_provided? method: def time_provided?(natural_date_string) date_span = Chronic.parse(natural_date_string, :guess => false) (date_span.last - date_span.first).to_i == 1 end

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• Should I be using abstract methods in this Python scenario?

  - by sfjedi

  I'm not sure my approach is good design and I'm hoping I can get a tip. I'm thinking somewhere along the lines of an abstract method, but in this case I want the method to be optional. This is how I'm doing it now... from pymel.core import * class A(object): def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): if callable(self.createDrivers): self._drivers = self.createDrivers(*args, **kwargs) select(self._drivers) class B(A): def createDrivers(self, *args, **kwargs): c1 = circle(sweep=270)[0] c2 = circle(sweep=180)[0] return c1, c2 b = B() In the above example, I'm just creating 2 circle arcs in PyMEL for Maya, but I fully intend on creating more subclasses that may or may not have a createDrivers method at all! So I want it to be optional and I'm wondering if my approach is—well, if my approach could be improved?

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• python multiprocessing.Process.Manager not producing consistent results?

  - by COpython

  I've written the following code to illustrate the problem I'm seeing. I'm trying to use a Process.Manager.list() to keep track of a list and increment random indices of that list. Each time there are 100 processes spawned, and each process increments a random index of the list by 1. Therefore, one would expect the SUM of the resulting list to be the same each time, correct? I get something between 203 and 205. from multiprocessing import Process, Manager import random class MyProc(Process): def __init__(self, A): Process.__init__(self) self.A = A def run(self): i = random.randint(0, len(self.A)-1) self.A[i] = self.A[i] + 1 if __name__ == '__main__': procs = [] M = Manager() a = M.list(range(15)) print('A: {0}'.format(a)) print('sum(A) = {0}'.format(sum(a))) for i in range(100): procs.append(MyProc(a)) map(lambda x: x.start(), procs) map(lambda x: x.join(), procs) print('A: {0}'.format(a)) print('sum(A) = {0}'.format(sum(a)))

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• Python 3: Recursivley find if number is even

  - by pythonhack

  I am writing a program that must find if a number is even or not. It needs to follow this template. I can get it to find if a number is even or not recursively (call function and subtract 2, base case zero), but I am having a hard time following this template, based on how the isEven function is called in the main function. Any help would be greatly appreciated. Write a recursive function called isEven that finds whether a number is even or not: def isEven() #recursivley determine whether number is even or not def main(): number=int(input(“Enter a number : “)) if (isEven(number)): print(“Number is even”) else: print(“Number is not even”) main() Thank you! Appreciate it.

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• BeautifulSoup Parser Confusion - HTML

  - by lyngbym

  I'm trying to scrape some content off another site and I'm not sure why BeautifulSoup is producing this output. It is only finding a blank space inside the match, but the real HTML contains a large amount of markup. I apologize if this is something stupid on my part. I'm new to python. Here's my code: import sys import os import mechanize import re from BeautifulSoup import BeautifulSoup def scrape_trails(BASE_URL, data): #Get the trail names soup = BeautifulSoup(data) sitesDiv = soup.findAll("div", attrs={"id" : "sitesDiv"}) print sitesDiv def main(): BASE_URL = "http://www.dnr.state.mn.us/skiing/skipass/list.html" br = mechanize.Browser() data = br.open(BASE_URL).get_data() links = scrape_trails(BASE_URL, data) if __name__ == '__main__': main() If you follow that URL you can see the sitesDiv contains a lot of markup. I'm not sure if I'm doing something wrong or if this is just malformed markup that the script can't handle. Thanks!

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• Help with authorization and redirection decorator in python (pylons)

  - by ensnare

  I'm trying to write a simple decorator to check the authentication of a user, and to redirect to the login page if s/he is not authenticated: def authenticate(f): try: if user['authenticated'] is True: return f except: redirect_to(controller='login', action='index') class IndexController(BaseController): @authenticate def index(self): return render('/index.mako' ) But this approach doesn't work. When a user is authenticated, everything is fine. But when the user is not authenticated, redirect_to() doesn't work and I am given this error: HTTPFound: 302 Found Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8 Content-Length: 0 location: /login Thank for your help!

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• Rails - Why is my custom validation being triggered for only a build command.

  - by adam

  I have a sentence and correction model with a has_one and belongs_to relationship respectively. For some reason when I do def create @sentence = Sentence.find(params[:sentence_id]) @correction = @sentence.build_correction(params[:correction]) a custom validation I wrote for Correction is being called at the build_correction point. the validation is below class Correction < ActiveRecord::Base attr_accessible :text, :sentence_id, :user_id belongs_to :sentence belongs_to :user validate :correction_is_different_than_sentence def correction_is_different_than_sentence errors.add(:text, "can't be the same as the original sentence.") if (text == self.sentence.text) end the problem is for some reason on validation the correction object doesn't have the sentence id set (despite I used the build_correction method) and so it complains "you have nil object .... while executing nil.text" in the if clause in the validation above. So my question is why is the validation occuring for a build command, i thought it only triggers on a create or update. And why isnt the sentence_id getting set?

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• How to make my view better to save Django

  - by user558251

  Hy guys sorry for this post but i need help with my application, i need optimize my view. I have 5 models, how i can do this? def save(request): # get the request.POST in content if request.POST: content = request.POST dicionario = {} # create a dict to get the values in content for key,value in content.items(): # get my fk Course.objects if key == 'curso' : busca_curso = Curso.objects.get(id=value) dicionario.update({key:busca_curso}) else: dicionario.update({key:value}) #create the new teacher Professor.objects.create(**dicionario) my questions are? 1 - How i can do this function in a generic way? Can I pass a variable in a %s to create and get? like this way ? foo = "Teacher" , bar = "Course" def save(request, bar, foo): if request post: ... if key == 'course' : get_course = (%s.objects.get=id=value) %bar ... (%s.objects.create(**dict)) %foo ??? i tried do this in my view but don't work =/, can somebody help me to make this work ? Thanks

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• Recursion function not working properly

  - by jakecar

  I'm having quite a hard time figuring out what's going wrong here: class iterate(): def init(self): self.length=1 def iterated(self, n): if n==1: return self.length elif n%2==0: self.length+=1 self.iterated(n/2) elif n!=1: self.length+=1 self.iterated(3*n+1) For example, x=iterate() x.iterated(5) outputs None. It should output 6 because the length would look like this: 5 -- 16 -- 8 -- 4 -- 2 -- 1 After doing some debugging, I see that the self.length is returned properly but something goes wrong in the recursion. I'm not really sure. Thanks for any help.

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• can't save form content to database, help plsss!!

  - by dana

  i'm trying to save 100 caracters form user in a 'microblog' minimal application. my code seems to not have any mystakes, but doesn't work. the mistake is in views.py, i can't save the foreign key to user table models.py looks like this: class NewManager(models.Manager): def create_post(self, post, username): new = self.model(post=post, created_by=username) new.save() return new class New(models.Model): post = models.CharField(max_length=120) date = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True) created_by = models.ForeignKey(User, blank=True) objects = NewManager() class NewForm(ModelForm): class Meta: model = New fields = ['post'] # widgets = {'post': Textarea(attrs={'cols': 80, 'rows': 20}) def save_new(request): if request.method == 'POST': created_by = User.objects.get(created_by = user) date = request.POST.get('date', '') post = request.POST.get('post', '') new_obj = New(post=post, date=date, created_by=created_by) new_obj.save() return HttpResponseRedirect('/') else: form = NewForm() return render_to_response('news/new_form.html', {'form': form},context_instance=RequestContext(request)) i didn't mention imports here - they're done right, anyway. my mistake is in views.py, when i try to save it says: local variable 'created_by' referenced before assignment it i put created_py as a parameter, the save needs more parameters... it is really weird help please!!

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• Can you make a python script behave differently when imported than when run directly?

  - by futuraprime

  I often have to write data parsing scripts, and I'd like to be able to run them in two different ways: as a module and as a standalone script. So, for example: def parseData(filename): # data parsing code here return data def HypotheticalCommandLineOnlyHappyMagicFunction(): print json.dumps(parseData(sys.argv[1]), indent=4) the idea here being that in another python script I can call import dataparser and have access to dataParser.parseData in my script, or on the command line I can just run python dataparser.py and it would run my HypotheticalCommandLineOnlyHappyMagicFunction and shunt the data as json to stdout. Is there a way to do this in python?

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• Selenium selected option in dropdown not displayed correctly

  - by luckyfool

  I have the following issue with Selenium Webdriver. There are two dropdown menus on a page i am testing "brand" and "items". The options of "items" depend on which brand you choose. I am trying to iterate through all possible choices and print brand-item pairs. I use two possible ways to pick an option from each dropdown menu Using Select(): def retryingSelectOption(name,n): result=False attempts=0 while attempts<5: try: element=Select(driver.find_element_by_name(name)) element.select_by_index(n) print element.all_selected_options[0].text result=True break except StaleElementReferenceException: pass attempts+=1 return result And using .click(): def retryingClickOption(name,n): result=False attempts=0 while attempts<5: try: driver.find_element_by_name(name).find_elements_by_tag_name("option")[n].click() result=True break except StaleElementReferenceException: pass attempts+=1 return result My problem is that at ,what seem to me as random moments (sometimes it works sometimes it does not), even though the above functions return True and printing out the selected option shows me the correct answer, the browser still displays the previous option. So basically Selenium tells me i have picked the right option but the browser displays the previous one.No idea what is wrong.

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• wxpython : button covers all in the frame

  - by Prakash

  Below is my code: #!/usr/bin/python # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- import wx class Example(wx.Frame): def __init__(self): #super(Example, self).__init__(parent, title=title, size=(300, 200)) wx.Frame.__init__(self, None, wx.ID_ANY, 'wxButton', pos=(300, 150), size=(320, 250)) self.button1 = wx.Button(self, id=-1, label='Button1', pos=(8, 8), size=(10, 20)) self.button1.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.button1Click) self.Centre() self.Show() def button1Click(self,event): #self.button1.Hide() self.SetTitle("Button1 clicked") if __name__ == '__main__': app = wx.App() Example() app.MainLoop() Actually I am expecting the button1 on the frame to have a look like a button - a bit raised and be placed in center of frame - but it is just expanding to the full frame. Also text Button1 looks like a text which does not has a button look like feeling? What wrong am I doing?

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• How do I build a python string from a raw (binary) ctype buffer?

  - by fcrazy

  I'm playing with Python and ctypes and I can't figure out how to resolve this problem. I call to a C function which fills a raw binary data. My code looks like this: class Client(): def __init__(self): self.__BUFSIZE = 1024*1024 self.__buf = ctypes.create_string_buffer(self.__BUFSIZE) self.client = ctypes.cdll.LoadLibrary(r"I:\bin\client.dll") def do_something(self): len_written = self.client.fill_raw_buffer(self.__buf, self.__BUFSIZE) my_string = repr(self.__buf.value) print my_string The problem is that I'm receiving binary data (with 0x00) and it's truncated when I tried to build my_string. How can I build my_string if self._buf contains null bytes 0x00? Any idea is welcome. Thanks

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• Wait until a webpage finished loading to load the next one in a list

  - by envy

  Hi! I'm using PyQT webView to visit some webpages I have stored on a dictionary the code is something like this: def loadLink(self, url): manager = QNetworkAccessManager() request = QNetworkRequest(QUrl(url)) self.ui.webView.load(QUrl(visitar)) def readUnreadLinks(self): print "Links to read: " + str(len(self.unreadLinks)) for link in self.unreadLinks: print "link-> " + str(link) self.loadLink(link) the problem is it doesn't wait until finished loading the web page and starts loading the next one. I want to load a webpage, wait until it finished loading and then load the next one. Thanks, this is driving me crazy :)

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• Partially flattening a list

  - by alj

  This is probably a really silly question but, given the example code at the bottom, how would I get a single list that retain the tuples? (I've looked at the itertools but it flattens everything) What I currently get is: ('id', 20, 'integer') ('companyname', 50, 'text') [('focus', 30, 'text'), ('fiesta', 30, 'text'), ('mondeo', 30, 'text'), ('puma', 30, 'text')] ('contact', 50, 'text') ('email', 50, 'text') what I would like is a single level list like: ('id', 20, 'integer') ('companyname', 50, 'text') ('focus', 30, 'text') ('fiesta', 30, 'text') ('mondeo', 30, 'text') ('puma', 30, 'text') ('contact', 50, 'text') ('email', 50, 'text') def getproducts(): temp_list=[] product_list=['focus','fiesta','mondeo','puma'] #usually this would come from a db for p in product_list: temp_list.append((p,30,'text')) return temp_list def createlist(): column_title_list = ( ("id",20,"integer"), ("companyname",50,"text"), getproducts(), ("contact",50,"text"), ("email",50,"text"), ) return column_title_list for item in createlist(): print item Thanks ALJ

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