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  • Breadth first search all paths

    - by Amndeep7
    First of all, thank you for looking at this question. For a school assignment we're supposed to create a BFS algorithm and use it to do various things. One of these things is that we're supposed to find all of the paths between the root and the goal nodes of a graph. I have no idea how to do this as I can't find a way to keep track of all of the alternate routes without also including copies/cycles. Here is my BFS code: def makePath(predecessors, last): return makePath(predecessors, predecessors[last]) + [last] if last else [] def BFS1b(node, goal): Q = [node] predecessor = {node:None} while Q: current = Q.pop(0) if current[0] == goal: return makePath(predecessor, goal) for subnode in graph[current[0]][2:]: if subnode[0] not in predecessor: predecessor[subnode[0]] = current[0] Q.append(subnode[0]) A conceptual push in the right direction would be greatly appreciated. tl;dr How do I use BFS to find all of the paths between two nodes?

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  • Selenium selected option in dropdown not displayed correctly

    - by luckyfool
    I have the following issue with Selenium Webdriver. There are two dropdown menus on a page i am testing "brand" and "items". The options of "items" depend on which brand you choose. I am trying to iterate through all possible choices and print brand-item pairs. I use two possible ways to pick an option from each dropdown menu Using Select(): def retryingSelectOption(name,n): result=False attempts=0 while attempts<5: try: element=Select(driver.find_element_by_name(name)) element.select_by_index(n) print element.all_selected_options[0].text result=True break except StaleElementReferenceException: pass attempts+=1 return result And using .click(): def retryingClickOption(name,n): result=False attempts=0 while attempts<5: try: driver.find_element_by_name(name).find_elements_by_tag_name("option")[n].click() result=True break except StaleElementReferenceException: pass attempts+=1 return result My problem is that at ,what seem to me as random moments (sometimes it works sometimes it does not), even though the above functions return True and printing out the selected option shows me the correct answer, the browser still displays the previous option. So basically Selenium tells me i have picked the right option but the browser displays the previous one.No idea what is wrong.

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  • Can you make a python script behave differently when imported than when run directly?

    - by futuraprime
    I often have to write data parsing scripts, and I'd like to be able to run them in two different ways: as a module and as a standalone script. So, for example: def parseData(filename): # data parsing code here return data def HypotheticalCommandLineOnlyHappyMagicFunction(): print json.dumps(parseData(sys.argv[1]), indent=4) the idea here being that in another python script I can call import dataparser and have access to dataParser.parseData in my script, or on the command line I can just run python dataparser.py and it would run my HypotheticalCommandLineOnlyHappyMagicFunction and shunt the data as json to stdout. Is there a way to do this in python?

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  • How do I temporarily change the require path in Ruby ($:)?

    - by John Feminella
    I'm doing some trickery with a bunch of Rake tasks for a complex project, gradually refactoring away some of the complexity in chunks at a time. This has exposed the bizarre web of dependencies left behind by the previous project maintainer. What I'd like to be able to do is to add a specific path in the project to require's list of paths to be searched, aka $:. However, I only want that path to be searched in the context of one particular method. Right now I'm doing something like this: def foo() # Look up old paths, add new special path. paths = $: $: << special_path # Do work ... bar() baz() quux() # Reset. $:.clear $: << paths end def bar() require '...' # If called from within foo(), will also search special_path. ... end This is clearly a monstrous hack. Is there a better way?

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  • Python metaprogramming help

    - by Timmy
    im looking into mongoengine, and i wanted to make a class an "EmbeddedDocument" dynamically, so i do this def custom(cls): cls = type( cls.__name__, (EmbeddedDocument,), cls.__dict__.copy() ) cls.a = FloatField(required=True) cls.b = FloatField(required=True) return cls A = custom( A ) and tried it on some classes, but its not doing some of the base class's init or sumthing in BaseDocument def __init__(self, **values): self._data = {} # Assign initial values to instance for attr_name, attr_value in self._fields.items(): if attr_name in values: setattr(self, attr_name, values.pop(attr_name)) else: # Use default value if present value = getattr(self, attr_name, None) setattr(self, attr_name, value) but this never gets used, thus never setting ._data, and giving me errors. how do i do this?

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  • How to display and change an icon inside a python Tk Frame

    - by codingJoe
    I have a python Tkinter Frame that displays several fields. I want to also add an red/yellow/green icon that will display the status of an external device. The icon is loaded from a file called ICON_LED_RED.ico. How do I display the icon in my frame? How do I change the icon at runtime? for example replace BitmapImage('RED.ico') with BitmapImage('GREEN.ico') class Application(Frame): def init(self, master=None): Frame.__init__(self, master) self.pack() self.createWidgets() def createWidgets(self): # ...other frame code.. works just fine. self.OKBTN = Button(self) self.OKBTN["text"] = "OK" self.OKBTN["fg"] = "red" self.OKBTN["command"] = self.ok_btn_func self.OKBTN.pack({"side": "left"}) # when I add the following the frame window is not visible # The process is locked up such that I have to do a kill -9 self.statusFrame = Frame(self, bd=2, relief=RIDGE) Label(self.statusFrame, text='Status:').pack(side=LEFT, padx=5) self.statIcon = BitmapImage('data/ICON_LED_RED.ico') Label (self.statusFrame, image=self.statIcon ).grid() self.statusFrame.pack(expand=1, fill=X, pady=10, padx=5)

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  • How to create an entity with a composite primary key containing a generated value.

    - by David
    Using Hibernate + annotations, I'm trying to do the following: Two entities, Entity1 and Entity2. Entity1 contains a simple generated value primary key. Entity2 primary key is composed by a simple generated value + the id of entity one (with a many to one relationship) Unfortunately, I can't make it work. Here is an excerpt of the code: @Entity public class Entity1 { @Id @GeneratedValue private Long id; private String name; ... } @Entity public class Entity2 { @EmbeddedId private Entity2PK pk = new Entity2PK(); private String miscData; ... } @Embeddable public class Entity2PK implements Serializable { @GeneratedValue private Long id; @ManyToOne private Entity1 entity; } void test() { Entity1 e1 = new Entity1(); e1.setName("nameE1"); Entity2 e2 = new Entity2(); e2.setEntity1(e1); e2.setMiscData("test"); Transaction transaction = session.getTransaction(); try { transaction.begin(); session.save(e1); session.save(e2); transaction.commit(); } catch (Exception e) { transaction.rollback(); } finally { session.close(); } } When I run the test method I get the following errors: Hibernate: insert into Entity1 (id, name) values (null, ?) Hibernate: call identity() Hibernate: insert into Entity2 (miscData, entity_id, id) values (?, ?, ?) 07-Jun-2010 10:51:11 org.hibernate.util.JDBCExceptionReporter logExceptions WARNING: SQL Error: 0, SQLState: null 07-Jun-2010 10:51:11 org.hibernate.util.JDBCExceptionReporter logExceptions SEVERE: failed batch 07-Jun-2010 10:51:11 org.hibernate.event.def.AbstractFlushingEventListener performExecutions SEVERE: Could not synchronize database state with session org.hibernate.exception.GenericJDBCException: Could not execute JDBC batch update at org.hibernate.exception.SQLStateConverter.handledNonSpecificException(SQLStateConverter.java:103) at org.hibernate.exception.SQLStateConverter.convert(SQLStateConverter.java:91) at org.hibernate.exception.JDBCExceptionHelper.convert(JDBCExceptionHelper.java:43) at org.hibernate.jdbc.AbstractBatcher.executeBatch(AbstractBatcher.java:254) at org.hibernate.engine.ActionQueue.executeActions(ActionQueue.java:266) at org.hibernate.engine.ActionQueue.executeActions(ActionQueue.java:167) at org.hibernate.event.def.AbstractFlushingEventListener.performExecutions(AbstractFlushingEventListener.java:298) at org.hibernate.event.def.DefaultFlushEventListener.onFlush(DefaultFlushEventListener.java:27) at org.hibernate.impl.SessionImpl.flush(SessionImpl.java:1001) at org.hibernate.impl.SessionImpl.managedFlush(SessionImpl.java:339) at org.hibernate.transaction.JDBCTransaction.commit(JDBCTransaction.java:106) at test.App.main(App.java:32) Caused by: java.sql.BatchUpdateException: failed batch at org.hsqldb.jdbc.jdbcStatement.executeBatch(Unknown Source) at org.hsqldb.jdbc.jdbcPreparedStatement.executeBatch(Unknown Source) at org.hibernate.jdbc.BatchingBatcher.doExecuteBatch(BatchingBatcher.java:48) at org.hibernate.jdbc.AbstractBatcher.executeBatch(AbstractBatcher.java:247) ... 8 more Note that I use HSQLDB. Any ideas about what is wrong ?

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  • Setting a preferred item of a many-to-one in Django

    - by Mike DeSimone
    I'm trying to create a Django model that handles the following: An Item can have several Names. One of the Names for an Item is its primary Name, i.e. the Name displayed given an Item. (The model names were changed to protect the innocent.) The models.py I've got looks like: class Item(models.Model): primaryName = models.OneToOneField("Name", verbose_name="Primary Name", related_name="_unused") def __unicode__(self): return self.primaryName.name class Name(models.Model): item = models.ForeignKey(Item) name = models.CharField(max_length=32, unique=True) def __unicode__(self): return self.name class Meta: ordering = [ 'name' ] The admin.py looks like: class NameInline(admin.TabularInline): model = Name class ItemAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): inlines = [ NameInline ] admin.site.register(Item, ItemAdmin) It looks like the database schema is working fine, but I'm having trouble with the admin, so I'm not sure of anything at this point. My main questions are: How do I explain to the admin that primaryName needs to be one of the Names of the item being edited? Is there a way to automatically set primaryName to the first Name found, if primaryName is not set, since I'm using inline admin for the names?

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  • Grails ClassNotFoundException com.google.common.collect.Maps

    - by user1734199
    I need some help, I am trying to make an controller using Google Analytics API, but using: statsController.groovy /**************************************************************/ import com.google.gdata.client.analytics.AnalyticsService class StatsController { def myService def stats(){ myService = new AnalyticsService("example-App"); } } /************************************************************/ error Message: ClassNotFoundException occurred when processing request: [...] com.google.common.collect.Maps I ve tryed adding to the buildpath the "gdata.analytics*.jar", "google-collect-1.0.jar", "guava.jar" and "jsr305.jar" but without results, the error always says that i described or NotDefClassError ocurred when processing request: [...] com.google.gdata.client.analytics.AnalyticsService. I need to solve.

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  • function to efficiently check a change of value in a nested hashmap

    - by zcaudate
    the motivation is for checking what has changed in a deeply nest map, kind of like a reverse of update-in. This is a simple example: (def p1 {:a {:a1 :1 :a2 :2} :b {:b1 :1 :b2 :2}}) (def p2 (update-in p1 [:a :a1] (constantly :updated)) ;; => {:a {:a1 :updated :a2 :2} ;; :b {:b1 :1 :b2 :2}} (what-changed? p1 p2) ;; => {:keys [:a :a1] :value :updated) (what-changed? p2 p1) ;; => {:keys [:a :a1] :value :2) I'm hoping that because clojure maps are persistent data-structures, there may be a smart algorithm to figure this out by looking at the underlying structure as opposed to walking through the nested maps and comparing the difference.

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  • Newbie question about file formatting in Python

    - by user568041
    I'm writing a simple program in Python 2.7 using pycURL library to submit file contents to pastebin. Here's the code of the program: #!/usr/bin/env python2 import pycurl, os def send(file): print "Sending file to pastebin...." curl = pycurl.Curl() curl.setopt(pycurl.URL, "http://pastebin.com/api_public.php") curl.setopt(pycurl.POST, True) curl.setopt(pycurl.POSTFIELDS, "paste_code=%s" % file) curl.setopt(pycurl.NOPROGRESS, True) curl.perform() def main(): content = raw_input("Provide the FULL path to the file: ") open = file(content, 'r') send(open.readlines()) return 0 main() The output pastebin looks like standard Python list: ['string\n', 'line of text\n', ...] etc. Is there any way I could format it so it looks better and it's actually human-readable? Also, I would be very happy if someone could tell me how to use multiple data inputs in POSTFIELDS. Pastebin API uses paste_code as its main data input, but it can use optional things like paste_name that sets the name of the upload or paste_private that sets it private.

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  • Trimming a vector of strings

    - by dreamlax
    I have an std::vector of std::strings containing data similar to this: [0] = "" [1] = "Abc" [2] = "Def" [3] = "" [4] = "Ghi" [5] = "" [6] = "" How can I get a vector containing the 4 strings from 1 to 4? (i.e. I want to trim all blank strings from the start and end of the vector): [0] = "Abc" [1] = "Def" [2] = "" [3] = "Ghi" Currently, I am using a forward iterator to make my way up to "Abc" and a reverse iterator to make my way back to "Ghi", and then constructing a new vector using those iterators. This method works, but I want to know if there is an easier way to trim these elements. P.S. I'm a C++ noob. Edit Also, I should mention that the vector may be composed entirely of blank strings, in which case a 0-sized vector would be the desired result.

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  • Asynchrous calls cause StaleObjectStateException

    - by Mulone
    Hi all, I'm struggling with a Grails service. The service gets AJAX calls from the clients and behaves like a simple local cache for remote objects: void **someCallFromClient**() { // extract params def results = remoteService.queryService(params) results.each{ // try to fetch result object from local DB def obj = SomeClass.findBySomeField(result.someField) if (!obj){ obj = new Result(params) obj.save() } // do stuff on obj } } The service works fine when only one client is connected, but as soon as 2 or more clients start bombing the server with requests, I start getting: 2010-05-24 13:09:49,764 [30893094@qtp-26315919-2] ERROR errors.GrailsExceptionResolver - Row was updated or deleted by another transaction (or unsaved-value mapping was incorrect): [ some object #892901] org.hibernate.StaleObjectStateException: Row was updated or deleted by another transaction (or unsaved-value mapping was incorrect): [ some object #892901] // very long stactrace It probably happens when 2 calls are trying to create the same object concurrently. I suppose this is a rather typical situation to end up in. Could you recommend any pattern/good practice to fix this issue? For example, is there a way to say to one of the service instances to hang on and wait for the other to finish its stuff and try again? Cheers!

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  • Exposing a "dumbed-down", read-only instance of a Model in GAE

    - by Blixt
    Does anyone know a clever way, in Google App Engine, to return a wrapped Model instance that only exposes a few of the original properties, and does not allow saving the instance back to the datastore? I'm not looking for ways of actually enforcing these rules, obviously it'll still be possible to change the instance by digging through its __dict__ etc. I just want a way to avoid accidental exposure/changing of data. My initial thought was to do this (I want to do this for a public version of a User model): class ReadOnlyUser(db.Model): display_name = db.StringProperty() @classmethod def kind(cls): return 'User' def put(self): raise SomeError() Unfortunately, GAE maps the kind to a class early on, so if I do ReadOnlyUser.get_by_id(1) I will actually get a User instance back, not a ReadOnlyUser instance.

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  • clean method for validation

    - by apoorva
    hi.. i have the following form class with corresponding clean methods... class SOFIATMUserLogin(forms.Form): Username=forms.CharField(label='Username') Password=forms.CharField(label='Password', widget=forms.PasswordInput) def clean_Username(self): user=self.cleaned_data['Username'] try: SOFIALogin.objects.get(UserName=user) except Exception: raise forms.ValidationError('Username invalid...') def clean_Password(self): upass=self.cleaned_data['Password'] In the clean_Password method i wish to check if the password entered for the valid username is correct... So i need to get the Username value... How can i access this in clean_Password method... Please assist!!!!

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  • will_paginate without use of activerecord

    - by truthSeekr
    I apologize if this is a trivial question or my understanding of rails is weak. I have 2 actions in my controller, index and refine_data. index fetches and displays all the data from a database table. refine_data weeds out unwanted data using regex and returns a subset of the data. Controller looks like: def index Result.paginate :per_page => 5, :page => params[:page], :order => 'created_at DESC' end def refine_data results = Result.all new_results = get_subset(results) redirect_to :action => 'index' end I would like to redirect the refine_data action to the same view (index) with new_results. As new_results are not from the database table (or model), how do I go about constructing my paginate?

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  • Python scope problems only when _assigning_ to a variable

    - by wallacoloo
    So I'm having a very strange error right now. I found where it happens, and here's the simplest code that can reproduce it. def parse_ops(str_in): c_type = "operator" def c_dat_check_type(t): print c_type #c_type = t c_dat_check_type("number") >>> parse_ops("12+a*2.5") If you run it as-is, it prints "operator". But if you uncomment that line, it gives an error: Traceback (most recent call last): File "<pyshell#212>", line 1, in <module> parse_ops("12+a*2.5") File "<pyshell#211>", line 7, in parse_ops c_dat_check_type("number") File "<pyshell#211>", line 4, in c_dat_check_type print c_type UnboundLocalError: local variable 'c_type' referenced before assignment Notice the error occurs on the line that worked just fine before. Any ideas what causes this and how I can fix this? I'm using Python 2.6.1.

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  • How do I override a Spring bean definition yet still reference the overriden bean?

    - by Kevin
    I'm attempting to implement a delegate Service provider by overriding the bean definition for the original service with my delegate Service. However, as the name would imply, the delegate Service needs a reference to the original service to delegate calls to. I'm having trouble figuring out how to override the bean definition while using the original bean def without running into a circular reference issue. For example: <!-- Original service def in spring-context.xml --> <bean id="service" class="com.mycompany.Service"/> <!-- Overridden definition in spring-plugin-context.xml --> <bean id="service" class="com.mycompany.DelegatedService"/> <constructor-arg ref="service"/> </bean> Is this possible?

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  • Simple Scala syntax - trying to define "==" operator - what am I missing?

    - by Alex R
    While experimenting with some stuff on the REPL, I got to a point where I needed something like this: scala class A(x:Int) { println(x); def ==(a:A) : Boolean = { this.x == a.x; } } Just a simple class with an "==" operator. Why doesn't it work??? Here's the result: :10: error: type mismatch; found : A required: ?{val x: ?} Note that implicit conversions are not applicable because they are ambiguous: both method any2ArrowAssoc in object Predef of type [A](x: A)ArrowAssoc[A] and method any2Ensuring in object Predef of type [A](x: A)Ensuring[A] are possible conversion functions from A to ?{val x: ?} class A(x:Int) { println(x); def ==(a:A) : Boolean = { this.x == a.x; } } ^ This is scala 2.8 RC1. Thanks

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  • In Scala 2.8 collections, why was the Traversable type added above Iterable?

    - by Seth Tisue
    I know that to be Traversable, you need only have a foreach method. Iterable requires an iterator method. Both the Scala 2.8 collections SID and the "Fighting Bitrot with Types" paper are basically silent on the subject of why Traversable was added. The SID only says "David McIver... proposed Traversable as a generalization of Iterable." I have vaguely gathered from discussions on IRC that it has to do with reclaiming resources when traversal of a collection terminates? The following is probably related to my question. There are some odd-looking function definitions in TraversableLike.scala, for example: def isEmpty: Boolean = { var result = true breakable { for (x <- this) { result = false break } } result } I assume there's a good reason that wasn't just written as: def isEmpty: Boolean = { for (x <- this) return false true }

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  • How to make a Scala Applet whose Applet class is a singleton?

    - by Jamie
    Hi, I don't know if a solution exists but it would be highly desirable. I'm making a Scala Applet, and I want the main Applet class to be a singleton so it can be accessed elsewhere in the applet, sort of like: object App extends Applet { def init { // do init here } } Instead I have to make the App class a normal instantiatable class otherwise it complains because the contructor is private. So the ugly hack I have is to go: object A { var pp: App = null } class App extends Applet { A.pp = this def init { // do init here } } I really hate this, and is one of the reasons I don't like making applets in Scala right now. Any better solution? It would be nice...

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  • Ajax / GroovyGrails Post data coming over with unexpected leading character. Who is encoding/decod

    - by ?????
    I'm having an encoding issue, and I'm not sure where to look for the problem. I have this Ajax.Request function (prototype library) sending data to a Groovy/Grails encoder var myAjax = new Ajax.Request(url, {method:'post', encoding:'UTF-8', contentType:'application/x-www-form-urlencoded', parameters:{'content':new_content}, onSuccess:success, onFailure:failure}); The data is coming in with an unexpected %A0 at the beginning: I have this simple controller that just echos the content back: def titlechange = { def content = URLDecoder.decode(params['content']) printf("Content: %s; DecodedContent = %s\n", params['content'], content) response.characterEncoding='UTF-8' render content } the debug print statement shows: Content: %A0Hello%2C%20world%21; DecodedContent = †Hello, world! Where is that %A0 coming from? My grails configuration has this: // The default codec used to encode data with ${} grails.views.default.codec="none" // none, html, base64 grails.views.gsp.encoding="UTF-8" grails.converters.encoding="UTF-8 Is the issue on the grails side or on the JavaScript side?

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  • Referencing other modules in atexit

    - by Dmitry Risenberg
    I have a function that is responsible for killing a child process when the program ends: class MySingleton: def __init__(self): import atexit atexit.register(self.stop) def stop(self): os.kill(self.sel_server_pid, signal.SIGTERM) However I get an error message when this function is called: Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/lib/python2.5/atexit.py", line 24, in _run_exitfuncs func(*targs, **kargs) File "/home/commando/Development/Diploma/streaminatr/stream/selenium_tests.py", line 66, in stop os.kill(self.sel_server_pid, signal.SIGTERM) AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'kill' Looks like the os and signal modules get unloaded before atexit is called. Re-importing them solves the problem, but this behaviour seems weird to me - these modules are imported before I register my handler, so why are they unloaded before my own exit handler runs?

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  • Rails: textfield list to array of strings

    - by poseid
    I want to take input from a textfield and turn it into an array of strings. After having submitted the "post", I want to display again the textfield, but with the array showed below. I have a view that would look like: <% form_tag "/list2array" do -%> <%= text_area_tag "mylist" %> <div><%= submit_tag 'save' %></div> <% end -%> <% @myArray.each do |item| %> <%= item %> <% end %> And as a start for the controller: class List2ArrayController < ApplicationController def index end def save @myArray = params[:mylist].split("\r\n") end end However, after the post, I only get an empty textfield without values in the array from the previous POST. Do I need to use the model layer for my experiment? How? Or do I need to modify my controller?

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  • BeautifulSoup Parser Confusion - HTML

    - by lyngbym
    I'm trying to scrape some content off another site and I'm not sure why BeautifulSoup is producing this output. It is only finding a blank space inside the match, but the real HTML contains a large amount of markup. I apologize if this is something stupid on my part. I'm new to python. Here's my code: import sys import os import mechanize import re from BeautifulSoup import BeautifulSoup def scrape_trails(BASE_URL, data): #Get the trail names soup = BeautifulSoup(data) sitesDiv = soup.findAll("div", attrs={"id" : "sitesDiv"}) print sitesDiv def main(): BASE_URL = "http://www.dnr.state.mn.us/skiing/skipass/list.html" br = mechanize.Browser() data = br.open(BASE_URL).get_data() links = scrape_trails(BASE_URL, data) if __name__ == '__main__': main() If you follow that URL you can see the sitesDiv contains a lot of markup. I'm not sure if I'm doing something wrong or if this is just malformed markup that the script can't handle. Thanks!

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