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• Calling from a parent file in python

  - by Teifion

  I have a file called main.py and a file called classes.py main.py contains the application and what's happening while class.py contains some classes. main.py has the following code main.py import classes def addItem(text): print text myClass = classes.ExampleClass() And then we have classes.py classes.py class ExampleClass (object): def __init__(self): addItem('bob') Surprisingly enough that's not the actual code I am using because I've stripped out anything that'd get in the way of you seeing what I want to do. I want to be able to call a method that's defined in main.py from a class within classes.py. How do I do this? Thanks in advance

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• GAE JCache NumberFormatException, will I need to write Java to avoid?

  - by Jasper

  This code below produces a NumberFormatException in this line: val cache = cf.createCache(Collections.emptyMap()) Do you see any errors? Will I need to write a Java version to avoid this, or is there a Scala way? ... import java.util.Collections import net.sf.jsr107cache._ object QueryGenerator extends ServerResource { private val log = Logger.getLogger(classOf[QueryGenerator].getName) } class QueryGenerator extends ServerResource { def getCounter(cache:Cache):long = { if (cache.containsKey("counter")) { cache.get("counter").asInstanceOf[long] } else { 0l } } @Get("html") def getHtml(): Representation = { val cf = CacheManager.getInstance().getCacheFactory() val cache = cf.createCache(Collections.emptyMap()) val counter = getCounter(cache) cache.put("counter", counter + 1) val q = QueueFactory.getQueue("query-generator") q.add(TaskOptions.Builder.url("/tasks/query-generator").method(Method.GET).countdownMillis(1000L)) QueryGenerator.log.warning(counter.toString) new StringRepresentation("QueryGenerator started!", MediaType.TEXT_HTML) } } Thanks!

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• Is this a good approach to execute a list of operations on a data structure in Python?

  - by Sridhar Iyer

  I have a dictionary of data, the key is the file name and the value is another dictionary of its attribute values. Now I'd like to pass this data structure to various functions, each of which runs some test on the attribute and returns True/False. One approach would be to call each function one by one explicitly from the main code. However I can do something like this: #MYmodule.py class Mymodule: def MYfunc1(self): ... def MYfunc2(self): ... #main.py import Mymodule ... #fill the data structure ... #Now call all the functions in Mymodule one by one for funcs in dir(Mymodule): if funcs[:2]=='MY': result=Mymodule.__dict__.get(funcs)(dataStructure) The advantage of this approach is that implementation of main class needn't change when I add more logic/tests to MYmodule. Is this a good way to solve the problem at hand? Are there better alternatives to this solution?

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• How do I find all the datetimes that happen on a particular date in ruby?

  - by Angela

  I have a method which goes through each day of the week: def dates_week(d, delim) "<tr>" + (d.beginning_of_week...(d.beginning_of_week+5)).map do |day| "<#{delim}> #{yield(day)} </#{delim}>" end.join + "</tr>" end For each day of the week, I plug that as an arg into a method (or maybe a named_scope, haven't figured out which), that will then output the .count for :all the emails that have a :date_sent on that date. However, :date_sent is a date-timestamp, so I can't use == as I have below. def sent_emails_by_date(date) ContactEmail.find(:all, :conditions => "date_sent = '#{date}'" " ).count end How do I find all the emails that fall on the day for the date passed through from the method which loops through a week as shown above?

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• In scala can I pass repeated parameters to other methods?

  - by Fred Haslam

  Here is something I can do in java, take the results of a repeated parameter and pass it to another method: public void foo(String ... args){bar(args);} public void bar(String ... args){System.out.println("count="+args.length);} In scala it would look like this: def foo(args:String*) = bar(args) def bar(args:String*) = println("count="+args.length) But this won't compile, the bar signature expects a series of individual strings, and the args passed in is some non-string structure. For now I'm just passing around arrays. It would be very nice to use starred parameters. Is there some way to do it?

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• Typeclass instances for unnamed types in Scala

  - by ncreep

  How would one encode the following constraint in Scala (pseudocode)? def foo(x: T forSome { type T has a Numeric[T] instance in scope }) = { val n= implicitly[...] // obtain the Numeric instance for x n.negate(x) // and use it with x } In words: I need a type class instance for my input argument, but I don't care about the argument's type, I just need to obtain the instance and use it on my argument. It doesn't have to be an existential type, but I need to avoid type parameters in the def's signature. Thanks.

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• comma in regex in String.replaceAll() method?

  - by kknight

  My code tries to replace "," with "/" in a string. Should I escape "," in the regex string? Both of the two code snippets generated the same results, so I am confused. Code snippet 1: String test = "a,bc,def"; System.out.println(test.replaceAll("\\,", "/")); Code snippet 2: String test = "a,bc,def"; System.out.println(test.replaceAll(",", "/")); Should I use "," or "\,"? Which is safer? Thanks.

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• Rails: Thread won't affect database unless joined to main Thread

  - by hatboysam

  I have a background operation I would like to occur every 20 seconds in Rails given that some condition is true. It kicked off when a certain controller route is hit, and it looks like this def startProcess argId = self.id t = Thread.new do while (Argument.isRunning(argId)) do Argument.update(argId) Argument.markVotes(argId) puts "Thread ran" sleep 20 end end end However, this code does absolutely nothing to my database unless I call "t.join" in which case my whole server is blocked for a long time (but it works). Why can't the read commit ActiveRecords without being joined to the main thread? The thread calls methods that look something like def sample model = Model.new() model.save() end but the models are not saved to the DB unless the thread is joined to the main thread. Why is this? I have been banging my head about this for hours.

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• Clojure: using *command-line-args* in the script rather than REPL

  - by Teflon Mac

  I've clojure running within Eclipse. I want to pass arguments to clojure when running it. In the below the arguments are available in the REPL but not in the script itself. What do I need to do such that in the below typing arg1 in the REPL will return the first argument? Script: (NS Test) (def arg1 (nth *command-line-args* 0)) After clicking on the Eclipse "Run"... Clojure 1.1.0 1:1 user=> #<Namespace test> 1:2 test=> arg1 nil 1:3 test=> *command-line-args* ("bird" "dog" "cat" "pig") 1:4 test=> (def arg2 (nth *command-line-args* 1)) #'test/arg2 1:5 test=> arg2 "dog" 1:6 test=>

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• Extending appengine's db.Property with caching

  - by Noio

  I'm looking to implement a property class for appengine, very similar to the existing db.ReferenceProperty. I am implementing my own version because I want some other default return values. My question is, how do I make the property remember its returned value, so that the datastore query is only performed the first time the property is fetched? What I had is below, and it does not work. I read that the Property classes do not belong to the instances, but to the model definition, so I guess that the return value is not cached for each instance, but overwritten on the model every time. Where should I store this _resolved variable? class PageProperty(db.Property): data_type = Page def get_value_for_datastore(self, model_instance): page = super(PageProperty, self).get_value_for_datastore(model_instance) self._resolved = page return page.key().name() def make_value_from_datastore(self, value): if not hasattr(self, '_resolved'): self._resolved = Page.get_by_name(value) return self._resolved

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• Regex to split a string (in Java) so that spaces are preserved?

  - by david

  I need to split a string (in Java) into individual words ... but I need to preserve spaces. An example of the text I need to split is something like this: ABC . . . . DEF . . . . GHI I need to see "ABC", " . . . .", "DEF", ". . . .", and "GHI". Obviously splitting on the space character \s isn't going to work, as all the spaces get swallowed up as one space. Any suggestions? Thanks

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• maching strings

  - by kiran

  Write two functions, called countSubStringMatch and countSubStringMatchRecursive that take two arguments, a key string and a target string. These functions iteratively and recursively count the number of instances of the key in the target string. You should complete definitions for def countSubStringMatch(target,key): and def countSubStringMatchRecursive (target, key): For the remaining problems, we are going to explore other substring matching ideas. These problems can be solved with either an iterative function or a recursive one. You are welcome to use either approach, though you may find iterative approaches more intuitive in these cases of matching linear structures.

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• Sleeping a thread blocking stdin

  - by Sid

  Hey, I'm running a function which evaluates commands passed in using stdin and another function which runs a bunch of jobs. I need to make the latter function sleep at regular intervals but that seems to be blocking the stdin. Any advice on how to resolve this would be appreciated. The source code for the functions is def runJobs(comps, jobQueue, numRunning, limit, lock): while len(jobQueue) >= 0: print(len(jobQueue)); if len(jobQueue) > 0: comp, tasks = find_computer(comps, 0); #do something time.sleep(5); def manageStdin(): print "Global Stdin Begins Now" for line in fileinput.input(): try: print(eval(line)); except Exception, e: print e; --Thanks

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• Why is this Python class copying another class contents?

  - by fjfnaranjo

  Hello guys. I'm trying to understand an estrange behavior in Python. I have the next python code: class IntContainer: listOfInts = [] def __init__(self, initListOfInts): for i in initListOfInts: self.listOfInts.append(i) def printInts(self): print self.listOfInts if __name__ == "__main__": intsGroup1 = [1,2,3,4] intsGroup2 = [4,5,6,7] intsGroups = [intsGroup1,intsGroup2] intsContainers = [] for ig in intsGroups: newIntContainer = IntContainer(ig) intsContainers.append(newIntContainer) for ic in intsContainers: print ic.listOfInts I expect to get something like: [1, 2, 3, 4] [4, 5, 6, 7] But i get: [1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5, 6, 7] [1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5, 6, 7] I have check the next question: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1876905/why-is-python-reusing-a-class-instance-inside-in-function And a lot of Python reference, but I can not understand what is happening. I think is related with the newIntContainer identifier reutilization, but I do not understand it deeply. Why Python appears to reused the last reference for the new object, even if I have added it to a permanent list? What can I do to resolve this behavior? Thanks ;)

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• Binding multiple objects in Grails

  - by WaZ

  I have there domain classes: :: Person. (Person.ID, Name,Address) :: Designation.(Designation.ID, Title, Band) :: SalarySlip (Person.ID, Designation.ID, totalIncome, Tax etc etc.) In the update method the person controller when I assign a person a designation from a list of designation values I want to insert a new record inside SalarySlip. Something like: def update = { def SalarySlipInstance = new SalarySlip() SalarySlipInstance.Person.ID = Params.ID //is this correct? SalarySlipInstance.Designation.ID = ?? //since the value is coming from a list. How can I bind this field? } Much Appreciated, Thanks, WB

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• How can I use Ruby to check if a domain exists?

  - by macek

  Something along the lines of: def domain_exists?(domain) # perform check # return true|false end puts "valid!" if domain_exists?("example.com")

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• Programmatic binding of accelerators in wxPython

  - by Inductiveload

  I am trying to programmatically create and bind a table of accelerators in wxPython in a loop so that I don't need to worry about getting and assigning new IDs to each accelerators (and with a view to inhaling the handler list from some external resource, rather than hard-coding them). I also pass in some arguments to the handler via a lambda since a lot of my handlers will be the same but with different parameters (move, zoom, etc). The class is subclassed from wx.Frame and setup_accelerators() is called during initialisation. def setup_accelerators(self): bindings = [ (wx.ACCEL_CTRL, wx.WXK_UP, self.on_move, 'up'), (wx.ACCEL_CTRL, wx.WXK_DOWN, self.on_move, 'down'), (wx.ACCEL_CTRL, wx.WXK_LEFT, self.on_move, 'left'), (wx.ACCEL_CTRL, wx.WXK_RIGHT, self.on_move, 'right'), ] accelEntries = [] for binding in bindings: eventId = wx.NewId() accelEntries.append( (binding[0], binding[1], eventId) ) self.Bind(wx.EVT_MENU, lambda event: binding[2](event, binding[3]), id=eventId) accelTable = wx.AcceleratorTable(accelEntries) self.SetAcceleratorTable(accelTable) def on_move(self, e, direction): print direction However, this appears to bind all the accelerators to the last entry, so that Ctrl+Up prints "right", as do all the other three. How to correctly bind multiple handlers in this way?

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• Sharing base object with inheritance

  - by max

  I have class Base. I'd like to extend its functionality in a class Derived. I was planning to write: class Derived(Base): def __init__(self, base_arg1, base_arg2, derived_arg1, derived_arg2): super().__init__(base_arg1, base_arg2) # ... def derived_method1(self): # ... Sometimes I already have a Base instance, and I want to create a Derived instance based on it, i.e., a Derived instance that shares the Base object (doesn't re-create it from scratch). I thought I could write a static method to do that: b = Base(arg1, arg2) # very large object, expensive to create or copy d = Derived.from_base(b, derived_arg1, derived_arg2) # reuses existing b object but it seems impossible. Either I'm missing a way to make this work, or (more likely) I'm missing a very big reason why it can't be allowed to work. Can someone explain which one it is? [Of course, if I used composition rather than inheritance, this would all be easy to do. But I was hoping to avoid the delegation of all the Base methods to Derived through __getattr__.]

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• How to merge two test into one RSpec

  - by thefonso

  Both the last two test work individually...but when both are set to run (non pending) I get problems. question: can I create a test that merges the two into one? How would this look?(yes, I am new to rspec) require_relative '../spec_helper' # the universe is vast and infinite....and...it is empty describe "tic tac toe game" do context "the game class" do before (:each) do player_h = Player.new("X") player_c = Player.new("O") @game = Game.new(player_h, player_c) end it "method drawgrid must return a 3x3 game grid" do @game.drawgrid.should eq("\na #{$thegrid[:a1]}|#{$thegrid[:a2]}|#{$thegrid[:a3]} \n----------\nb #{$thegrid[:b1]}|#{$thegrid[:b2]}|#{$thegrid[:b3]} \n----------\nc #{$thegrid[:c1]}|#{$thegrid[:c2]}|#{$thegrid[:c3]} \n----------\n 1 2 3 \n") @game.drawgrid end #FIXME - last two test here - how to merge into one? it "play method must display 3x3 game grid" do STDOUT.should_receive(:puts).and_return("\na #{$thegrid[:a1]}|#{$thegrid[:a2]}|#{$thegrid[:a3]} \n----------\nb #{$thegrid[:b1]}|#{$thegrid[:b2]}|#{$thegrid[:b3]} \n----------\nc #{$thegrid[:c1]}|#{$thegrid[:c2]}|#{$thegrid[:c3]} \n----------\n 1 2 3 \n").with("computer move") @game.play end it "play method must display 3x3 game grid" do STDOUT.should_receive(:puts).with("computer move") @game.play end end end just for info here is the code containing the play method require_relative "player" # #Just a Tic Tac Toe game class class Game #create players def initialize(player_h, player_c) #bring into existence the board and the players @player_h = player_h @player_c = player_c #value hash for the grid lives here $thegrid = { :a1=>" ", :a2=>" ", :a3=>" ", :b1=>" ", :b2=>" ", :b3=>" ", :c1=>" ", :c2=>" ", :c3=>" " } #make a global var for drawgrid which is used by external player class $gamegrid = drawgrid end #display grid on console def drawgrid board = "\n" board << "a #{$thegrid[:a1]}|#{$thegrid[:a2]}|#{$thegrid[:a3]} \n" board << "----------\n" board << "b #{$thegrid[:b1]}|#{$thegrid[:b2]}|#{$thegrid[:b3]} \n" board << "----------\n" board << "c #{$thegrid[:c1]}|#{$thegrid[:c2]}|#{$thegrid[:c3]} \n" board << "----------\n" board << " 1 2 3 \n" return board end #start the game def play #draw the board puts drawgrid #external call to player class @player = @player_c.move_computer("O") end end player_h = Player.new("X") player_c = Player.new("O") game = Game.new(player_h, player_c) game.play

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• Python metaclass to run a class method automatically on derived class

  - by Barry Steyn

  I want to automatically run a class method defined in a base class on any derived class during the creation of the class. For instance: class Base(object): @classmethod def runme(): print "I am being run" def __metclass__(cls,parents,attributes): clsObj = type(cls,parents,attributes) clsObj.runme() return clsObj class Derived(Base): pass: What happens here is that when Base is created, ''runme()'' will fire. But nothing happens when Derived is created. The question is: How can I make ''runme()'' also fire when creating Derived. This is what I have thought so far: If I explicitly set Derived's metclass to Base's, it will work. But I don't want that to happen. I basically want Derived to use the Base's metaclass without me having to explicitly set it so.

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• Creating interruptible process in python

  - by Glycerine

  I'm creating a python script of which parses a large (but simple) CSV. It'll take some time to process. I would like the ability to interrupt the parsing of the CSV so I can continue at a later stage. Currently I have this - of which lives in a larger class: (unfinished) Edit: I have some changed code. But the system will parse over 3 million rows. def parseData(self) reader = csv.reader(open(self.file)) for id, title, disc in reader: print "%-5s %-50s %s" % (id, title, disc) l = LegacyData() l.old_id = int(id) l.name = title l.disc_number = disc l.parsed = False l.save() This is the old code. def parseData(self): #first line start fields = self.data.next() for row in self.data: items = zip(fields, row) item = {} for (name, value) in items: item[name] = value.strip() self.save(item) Thanks guys.

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• ValueError: setting an array element with a sequence.

  - by MedicalMath

  This code: import numpy as p def firstfunction(): UnFilteredDuringExSummaryOfMeansArray = [] MeanOutputHeader=['TestID','ConditionName','FilterType','RRMean','HRMean','dZdtMaxVoltageMean','BZMean','ZXMean' ,'LVETMean','Z0Mean','StrokeVolumeMean','CardiacOutputMean','VelocityIndexMean'] dataMatrix = BeatByBeatMatrixOfMatrices[column] roughTrimmedMatrix = p.array(dataMatrix[1:,1:17]) trimmedMatrix = p.array(roughTrimmedMatrix,dtype=p.float64) myMeans = p.mean(trimmedMatrix,axis=0,dtype=p.float64) conditionMeansArray = [TestID,testCondition,'UnfilteredBefore',myMeans[3], myMeans[4], myMeans[6], myMeans[9] , myMeans[10], myMeans[11], myMeans[12], myMeans[13], myMeans[14], myMeans[15]] UnFilteredDuringExSummaryOfMeansArray.append(conditionMeansArray) secondfunction(UnFilteredDuringExSummaryOfMeansArray) return def secondfunction(UnFilteredDuringExSummaryOfMeansArray): RRDuringArray = p.array(UnFilteredDuringExSummaryOfMeansArray,dtype=p.float64)[1:,3] return firstfunction() Throws this error message: File "mypath\mypythonscript.py", line 3484, in secondfunction RRDuringArray = p.array(UnFilteredDuringExSummaryOfMeansArray,dtype=p.float64)[1:,3] ValueError: setting an array element with a sequence. However, this code works: import numpy as p a=range(24) b = p.reshape(a,(6,4)) c=p.array(b,dtype=p.float64)[:,2] I re-arranged the code a bit to put it into a cogent posting, but it should more or less have the same result. Can anyone show me what to do to fix the problem in the broken code above so that it stops throwing an error message?

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• Scala puts precedence on implicit conversion over "natural" operations... Why? Is this a bug? Or am

  - by Alex R

  This simple test, of course, works as expected: scala var b = 2 b: Int = 2 scala b += 1 scala b res3: Int = 3 Now I bring this into scope: class A(var x: Int) { def +=(y:Int) { this.x += y } } implicit def int2A(i:Int) : A = new A(i) I'm defining a new class and a += operation on it. I never expected this would affect the way my regular Ints behave. But it does: scala var b:Int = 0 b: Int = 0 scala b += 1 scala b res29: Int = 0 scala b += 2 scala b res31: Int = 0 Scala seems to prefer the implicit conversion over the natural += that is already defined to Ints. That leads to several questions... Why? Is this a bug? Is it by design? Is there a work-around (other than not using "+=")? Thanks

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• Python Class Variables Question

  - by zyq524

  I have some doubt about python's class variables. As my understanding, if I define a class variable, which is declared outside the init() function, this variable will create only once as a static variable in C++. This seems right for some python types, for instance, dict and list type, but for those base type, e.g. int,float, is not the same. For example: class A: dict1={} list1=list() int1=3 def add_stuff(self, k, v): self.dict1[k]=v self.list1.append(k) self.int1=k def print_stuff(self): print self.dict1,self.list1,self.int1 a1 = A() a1.add_stuff(1, 2) a1.print_stuff() a2=A() a2.print_stuff() The output is: {1: 2} [1] 1 {1: 2} [1] 3 I understand the results of dict1 and list1, but why does int1 behavior different?

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• Why use threading data race will occur, but will not use gevent

  - by onlytiancai

  My test code is as follows, using threading, count is not 5,000,000 , so there has been data race, but using gevent, count is 5,000,000, there was no data race . Is not gevent coroutine execution will atom "count + = 1", rather than split into a one CPU instruction to execute? # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- import threading use_gevent = True use_debug = False cycles_count = 100*10000 if use_gevent: from gevent import monkey monkey.patch_thread() count = 0 class Counter(threading.Thread): def __init__(self, name): self.thread_name = name super(Counter, self).__init__(name=name) def run(self): global count for i in xrange(cycles_count): if use_debug: print '%s:%s' % (self.thread_name, count) count = count + 1 counters = [Counter('thread:%s' % i) for i in range(5)] for counter in counters: counter.start() for counter in counters: counter.join() print 'count=%s' % count

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