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  • beginning oop php question: do constructors take the place of getter?

    - by Joel
    I'm working through this tutorial: http://www.killerphp.com/tutorials/object-oriented-php/php-objects-page-3.php At first he has you create a setter and getter method in the class: <?php class person{ var $name; function set_name($new_name){ $this->name=$new_name; } function get_name(){ return $this->name; } } php?> And then you create the object and echo the results: <?php $stefan = new person(); $jimmy = new person(); $stefan ->set_name("Stefan Mischook"); $jimmy ->set_name("Nick Waddles"); echo "The first Object name is: ".$stefan->get_name(); echo "The second Object name is: ".$jimmy->get_name(); ?> Works as expected, and I understand. Then he introduces constructors: class person{ var $name; function __construct($persons_name) { $this->name = $persons_name; } function set_name($new_name){ $this->name=$new_name; } function get_name(){ return $this->name; } } And returns like so: <?php $joel = new person("Joel"); echo "The third Object name is: ".$joel->get_name(); ?> This is all fine and makes sense. Then I tried to combine the two and got an error, so I'm curious-is a constructor always taking the place of a "get" function? If you have a constructor, do you always need to include an argument when creating an object? Gives errors: <?php $stefan = new person(); $jimmy = new person(); $joel = new person("Joel Laviolette"); $stefan ->set_name("Stefan Mischook"); $jimmy ->set_name("Nick Waddles"); echo "The first Object name is: ".$stefan->get_name(); echo "The second Object name is: ".$jimmy->get_name(); echo "The third Object name is: ".$joel->get_name(); ?>

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  • How do I get google protocol buffer messages over a socket connection without disconnecting the clie

    - by Dan
    Hi there, I'm attempting to send a .proto message from an iPhone application to a Java server via a socket connection. However so far I'm running into an issue when it comes to the server receiving the data; it only seems to process it after the client connection has been terminated. This points to me that the data is getting sent, but the server is keeping its inputstream open and waiting for more data. Would anyone know how I might go about solving this? The current code (or at least the relevant parts) is as follows: iPhone: Person *person = [[[[Person builder] setId:1] setName:@"Bob"] build]; RequestWrapper *request = [[[RequestWrapper builder] setPerson:person] build]; NSData *data = [request data]; AsyncSocket *socket = [[AsyncSocket alloc] initWithDelegate:self]; if (![socket connectToHost:@"192.168.0.6" onPort:6666 error:nil]){ [self updateLabel:@"Problem connecting to socket!"]; } else { [self updateLabel:@"Sending data to server..."]; [socket writeData:data withTimeout:-1 tag:0]; [self updateLabel:@"Data sent, disconnecting"]; //[socket disconnect]; } Java: try { RequestWrapper wrapper = RequestWrapper.parseFrom(socket.getInputStream()); Person person = wrapper.getPerson(); if (person != null) { System.out.println("Persons name is " + person.getName()); socket.close(); } On running this, it seems to hang on the line where the RequestWrapper is processing the inputStream. I did try replacing the socket writedata method with [request writeToOutputStream:[socket getCFWriteStream]]; Which I thought might work, however I get an error claiming that the "Protocol message contained an invalid tag (zero)". I'm fairly certain that it doesn't contain an invalid tag as the message works when sending it via the writedata method. Any help on the matter would be greatly appreciated! Cheers! Dan (EDIT: I should mention, I am using the metasyntactic gpb code; and the cocoaasyncsocket implementation)

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  • How do I eliminate Error 3002?

    - by Andrew
    Say I have the following table definitions in SQL Server 2008: CREATE TABLE Person (PersonId INT IDENTITY NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, Name VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL, ManyMoreIrrelevantColumns VARCHAR(MAX) NOT NULL) CREATE TABLE Model (ModelId INT IDENTITY NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, ModelName VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL, Description VARCHAR(200) NULL) CREATE TABLE ModelScore (ModelId INT NOT NULL REFERENCES Model (ModelId), Score INT NOT NULL, Definition VARCHAR(100) NULL, PRIMARY KEY (ModelId, Score)) CREATE TABLE PersonModelScore (PersonId INT NOT NULL REFERENCES Person (PersonId), ModelId INT NOT NULL, Score INT NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (PersonId, ModelId), FOREIGN KEY (ModelId, Score) REFERENCES ModelScore (ModelId, Score)) The idea here is that each Person may have only one ModelScore per Model, but each Person may have a score for any number of defined Models. As far as I can tell, this SQL should enforce these constraints naturally. The ModelScore has a particular "meaning," which is contained in the Definition. Nothing earth-shattering there. Now, I try translating this into Entity Framework using the designer. After updating the model from the database and doing some editing, I have a Person object, a Model object, and a ModelScore object. PersonModelScore, being a join table, is not an object but rather is included as an association with some other name (let's say ModelScorePersonAssociation). The mapping details for the association are as follows: - Association - Maps to PersonModelScore - ModelScore ModelId : Int32 <=> ModelId : int Score : Int32 <=> Score : int - Person PersonId : Int32 <=> PersonId : int On the right-hand side, the ModelId and PersonId values have primary key symbols, but the Score value does not. Upon compilation, I get: Error 3002: Problem in Mapping Fragment starting at line 5190: Potential runtime violation of table PersonModelScore's keys (PersonModelScore.ModelId, PersonModelScore.PersonId): Columns (PersonModelScore.PersonId, PersonModelScore.ModelId) are mapped to EntitySet ModelScorePersonAssociation's properties (ModelScorePersonAssociation.Person.PersonId, ModelScorePersonAssociation.ModelScore.ModelId) on the conceptual side but they do not form the EntitySet's key properties (ModelScorePersonAssociation.ModelScore.ModelId, ModelScorePersonAssociation.ModelScore.Score, ModelScorePersonAssociation.Person.PersonId). What have I done wrong in the designer or otherwise, and how can I fix the error? Many thanks!

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  • Why in this example (got from msdn), in GetEnumerator method , new PeopleEnum returns IEnumerator?

    - by odiseh
    Hi guys, Why in this example (got from msdn), in GetEnumerator method , PeopleEnum returns IEnumerator? public class Person { public Person(string fName, string lName) { this.firstName = fName; this.lastName = lName; } public string firstName; public string lastName; } public class People : IEnumerable { private Person[] _people; public People(Person[] pArray) { _people = new Person[pArray.Length]; for (int i = 0; i < pArray.Length; i++) { _people[i] = pArray[i]; } } //why??? IEnumerator IEnumerable.GetEnumerator() { return (IEnumerator) GetEnumerator(); } public PeopleEnum GetEnumerator() { return new PeopleEnum(_people); } } public class PeopleEnum : IEnumerator { public Person[] _people; // Enumerators are positioned before the first element // until the first MoveNext() call. int position = -1; public PeopleEnum(Person[] list) { _people = list; } public bool MoveNext() { position++; return (position < _people.Length); } public void Reset() { position = -1; } object IEnumerator.Current { get { return Current; } } public Person Current { get { try { return _people[position]; } catch (IndexOutOfRangeException) { throw new InvalidOperationException(); } } } }

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  • SQL Server CLR stored procedures in data processing tasks - good or evil?

    - by Gart
    In short - is it a good design solution to implement most of the business logic in CLR stored procedures? I have read much about them recently but I can't figure out when they should be used, what are the best practices, are they good enough or not. For example, my business application needs to parse a large fixed-length text file, extract some numbers from each line in the file, according to these numbers apply some complex business rules (involving regex matching, pattern matching against data from many tables in the database and such), and as a result of this calculation update records in the database. There is also a GUI for the user to select the file, view the results, etc. This application seems to be a good candidate to implement the classic 3-tier architecture: the Data Layer, the Logic Layer, and the GUI layer. The Data Layer would access the database The Logic Layer would run as a WCF service and implement the business rules, interacting with the Data Layer The GUI Layer would be a means of communication between the Logic Layer and the User. Now, thinking of this design, I can see that most of the business rules may be implemented in a SQL CLR and stored in SQL Server. I might store all my raw data in the database, run the processing there, and get the results. I see some advantages and disadvantages of this solution: Pros: The business logic runs close to the data, meaning less network traffic. Process all data at once, possibly utilizing parallelizm and optimal execution plan. Cons: Scattering of the business logic: some part is here, some part is there. Questionable design solution, may encounter unknown problems. Difficult to implement a progress indicator for the processing task. I would like to hear all your opinions about SQL CLR. Does anybody use it in production? Are there any problems with such design? Is it a good thing?

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  • Learning Hibernate: too many connections

    - by stivlo
    I'm trying to learn Hibernate and I wrote the simplest Person Entity and I was trying to insert 2000 of them. I know I'm using deprecated methods, I will try to figure out what are the new ones later. First, here is the class Person: @Entity public class Person { private int id; private String name; @Id @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.TABLE, generator = "person") @TableGenerator(name = "person", table = "sequences", allocationSize = 1) public int getId() { return id; } public void setId(int id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } } Then I wrote a small App class that insert 2000 entities with a loop: public class App { private static AnnotationConfiguration config; public static void insertPerson() { SessionFactory factory = config.buildSessionFactory(); Session session = factory.getCurrentSession(); session.beginTransaction(); Person aPerson = new Person(); aPerson.setName("John"); session.save(aPerson); session.getTransaction().commit(); } public static void main(String[] args) { config = new AnnotationConfiguration(); config.addAnnotatedClass(Person.class); config.configure("hibernate.cfg.xml"); //is the default already new SchemaExport(config).create(true, true); //print and execute for (int i = 0; i < 2000; i++) { insertPerson(); } } } What I get after a while is: Exception in thread "main" org.hibernate.exception.JDBCConnectionException: Cannot open connection Caused by: com.mysql.jdbc.exceptions.jdbc4.MySQLNonTransientConnectionException: Too many connections Now I know that probably if I put the transaction outside the loop it would work, but mine was a test to see what happens when executing multiple transactions. And since there is only one open at each time, it should work. I tried to add session.close() after the commit, but I got Exception in thread "main" org.hibernate.SessionException: Session was already closed So how to solve the problem?

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  • Using forward declarations for build in datatypes.

    - by bdhar
    I understand that wherever possible we shall use forward declarations instead of includes to speed up the compilation. I have a class Person like this. #pragma once #include <string> class Person { public: Person(std::string name, int age); std::string GetName(void) const; int GetAge(void) const; private: std::string _name; int _age; }; and a class Student like this #pragma once #include <string> class Person; class Student { public: Student(std::string name, int age, int level = 0); Student(const Person& person); std::string GetName(void) const; int GetAge(void) const; int GetLevel(void) const; private: std::string _name; int _age; int _level; }; In Student.h, I have a forward declaration class Person; to use Person in my conversion constructor. Fine. But I have done #include <string> to avoid compilation error while using std::string in the code. How to use forward declaration here to avoid the compilation error? Is it possible? Thanks.

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  • Working with extra fields in an Inline form - save_model, save_formset, can't make sense of the diff

    - by magicrebirth
    Suppose I am in the usual situation where there're extra fields in the many2many relationship: class Person(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=128) class Group(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=128) members = models.ManyToManyField(Person, through='Membership') class Membership(models.Model): person = models.ForeignKey(Person) group = models.ForeignKey(Group) date_joined = models.DateField() invite_reason = models.CharField(max_length=64) # other models which are unrelated to the ones above.. class Trip(models.Model): placeVisited = models.ForeignKey(Place) visitor = models.ForeignKey(Person) pleasuretrip = models.Boolean() class Place(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=128) I want to add some extra fields in the Membership form that gets displayed through the Inline. These fields basically are a shortcut to the instantiation of another model (Trip). Trip can have its own admin views, but these shortcuts are needed because when my project partners are entering 'Membership' data in the system they happen to have also the 'Trip' information handy (and also because some of the info in Membership can just be copied over to Trip etc. etc.). So all I want to have is two extra fields in the Membership Inline - placeVisited and pleasuretrip - which together with the Person instance will let me instantiate the Trip model in the background... I found out I can easily add extra fields to the inline view by defining my own form. But once the data have been entered, how and when to reference to them in order to perform the save operations I need to do? class MyForm(forms.ModelForm): place = forms.ModelChoiceField(required=False, queryset=Place.objects.all(), label="place",) pleasuretrip = forms.BooleanField(required=False, label="...") class MembershipInline(admin.TabularInline): model = Membership form = MyForm def save_model(self, request, obj, form, change): place = form.place pleasuretrip = form.pleasuretrip person = form.person .... # now I can create Trip instances with those data .... obj.save() class GroupAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): model = Group .... inlines = (MembershipInline,) This doesn't seem to work... I'm also a bit puzzled by the save_formset method... maybe is that the one I should be using? Many thanks in advance for the help!!!!

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  • XSLT: generate multiple object by incrementing attribute and value

    - by Daniel
    Hi, I have a xml as below that I'd like to copy n times while incrementing one of its element and one of its attribute. XML input: <Person position=1> <name>John</name> <number>1</number> <number>1</number> </Person> and I'd like something like below with the number of increment to be a variable. XML output: <Person position=1> <name>John</name> <number>1</number> </Person> <Person position=2> <name>John</name> <number>2</number> </Person> .... <Person position=n> <name>John</name> <number>n</number> </Person> Any clue

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  • Reduce function calls

    - by Curious2learn
    Hello, I profiled my python program and found that the following function was taking too long to run. Perhaps, I can use a different algorithm and make it run faster. However, I have read that I can also possibly increase the speed by reducing function calls, especially when it gets called repeatedly within a loop. I am a python newbie and would like to learn how to do this and see how much faster it can get. Currently, the function is: def potentialActualBuyers(setOfPeople,theCar,price): count=0 for person in setOfPeople: if person.getUtility(theCar) >= price and person.periodCarPurchased==None: count += 1 return count where setOfPeople is a list of person objects. I tried the following: def potentialActualBuyers(setOfPeople,theCar,price): count=0 Utility=person.getUtility for person in setOfPeople: if Utility(theCar) >= price and person.periodCarPurchased==None: count += 1 return count This, however, gives me an error saying local variable 'person' referenced before assignment Any suggestions, how I can reduce function calls or any other changes that can make the code faster. Again, I am a python newbie and even though I may possibly be able to use a better algorithm, it is still worthwhile learning the answer to the above question. Thanks very much.

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  • How do repos (SVN, GIT) work?

    - by masfenix
    I read SO nearly everyday and mostly there is a thread about source control. I have a few questions. I am going to use SVN as example. 1) There is a team (small, large dosnt matter). In the morning everyone checks out the code to start working. At noon Person A commits, while person B still works on it. What happens when person B commits? how will person B know that there is an updated file? 2) I am assuming the answer to the first question is "run an update command which tells you", ok so person B finds out that the file they have been working on all morning in changed. When they see the udpated file, it seems like person A has REWRITTEN the file for better performance. What does person B do? Seems like there whole day was a waste of time. Or if they commit their version then its a waste of person A's time? 3) What are branches? thanks, and if anyone knows a laymen terms pdf or something that explains it that would be awesome.

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  • Serialization in C#

    - by anjansaha
    My class structure is as follows. [Serializable] [XmlRootAttribute("person", Namespace = "", IsNullable = false)] public class Person : IDisposable { Private int _id; Private string _name; [XmlElement(“id”)] Public int Id { Get{ return _id;} Set{ _id = value;} } [XmlElement(“name”)] Public string Name { Get{return _name;} Set{_name = value;} } } I am getting the following xml when I serialize the above class <person> <id>1</id> <name>Test</name> </person> Now, I would like to serialize the above class as follows i.e. I would like append “type” attribute for each public property that is serialized as xml element. I can append “type” attribute to “person” node by declaring another public property “type” with “[XmlAttribute(“type”)]” but I would like to achieve the same for each public property that is serialized as xml element. Any idea to achieve below: <person type=”Person”> <id type=”int”>1</id> <name type=”string”>Test</name> </person>

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  • How can I bind to a helper property in Silverlight

    - by Matt
    For the sake of argument, here's a simple person class public class Person : DependencyObject, INotifyPropertyChanged { public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged; public static readonly DependencyProperty FirstNameProperty = DependencyProperty.Register( "FirstName", typeof ( string ), typeof ( Person ), null ); public static readonly DependencyProperty LastNameProperty = DependencyProperty.Register( "LastName", typeof( string ), typeof( Person ), null ); public string FirstName { get { return ( string ) GetValue( FirstNameProperty ); } set { SetValue( FirstNameProperty, value ); if(PropertyChanged != null) PropertyChanged(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs( "FirstName" )); } } public string LastName { get { return ( string ) GetValue( LastNameProperty ); } set { SetValue( LastNameProperty, value ); if ( PropertyChanged != null ) PropertyChanged( this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs( "LastName" ) ); } } } I want to go about creating a readonly property like this public string FullName { get { return FirstName + " " + LastName; } } How does binding work in this scenario? I've tried adding a DependancyProperty and raised the PropertyChanged event for the fullname. Basically I just want to have a property that I can bind to that returns the fullname of a user whenever the first or last name changes. Here's the final class I'm using with the modifications. public class Person : DependencyObject, INotifyPropertyChanged { public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged; public static readonly DependencyProperty FirstNameProperty = DependencyProperty.Register( "FirstName", typeof ( string ), typeof ( Person ), null ); public static readonly DependencyProperty LastNameProperty = DependencyProperty.Register( "LastName", typeof( string ), typeof( Person ), null ); public static readonly DependencyProperty FullNameProperty = DependencyProperty.Register( "FullName", typeof( string ), typeof( Person ), null ); public string FirstName { get { return ( string ) GetValue( FirstNameProperty ); } set { SetValue( FirstNameProperty, value ); if ( PropertyChanged != null ) { PropertyChanged( this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs( "FirstName" ) ); PropertyChanged( this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs( "FullName" ) ); } } } public string LastName { get { return ( string ) GetValue( LastNameProperty ); } set { SetValue( LastNameProperty, value ); if ( PropertyChanged != null ) { PropertyChanged( this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs( "LastName" ) ); PropertyChanged( this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs( "FullName" ) ); } } } public string FullName { get { return GetValue( FirstNameProperty ) + " " + GetValue( LastNameProperty ); } } }

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  • How can I debug a session

    - by Organ Grinding Monkey
    I have been asked to work of a very large web application and deploy it. The problem that I'm facing here is that when I deploy the application and more that 1 user logs into the system, the sessions seem to cross over i.e: Person A logs in and works on the site, all good. When person B logs in, person A will then be logged in as person B as well. I have been asked to work of a very large web application and deploy it. The problem that I'm facing here is that when I deploy the application and more that 1 user logs into the system, the sessions seem to cross over i.e: Person A logs in and works on the site, all good. When person B logs in, person A will then be logged in as person B as well. If anyone has experienced this behaviour before and can steer me in the right direction, that would be first prize, Second prize would be to show me how I can debug this situation so that I can find out where the problem is and fix it. Some information about the application. From what I've been told and what I've seen within the app is that it started as a .Net 1.1 application and got upgraded to .Net 2 and that's why the log in system was done the way it is. (The application is huge and now complete and that's why I cant rewrite the whole user authentication process, it will just take to long and I don't know what effect it might have) All the Logged in User information is stored in properties that have been added in the Global.asax.vb file. (could this be the problem?) Any help here would be greatly appreciated

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  • Question About Fk refrence in The Collection

    - by Ahmed
    Hi , i have 2 entities : ( person ) & (Address) with follwing mapping : <class name="Adress" table="Adress" lazy="false"> <id name="Id" column="Id"> <generator class="native" /> </id> <many-to-one name="Person" class="Person"> <column name="PersonId" /> </many-to-one> </class> <class name="Person" table="Person" lazy="false"> <id name="PersonId" column="PersonId"> <generator class="native" /> </id> <property name="Name" column="Name" type="String" not-null="true" /> <set name="Adresses" lazy="true" inverse="true" cascade="save-update"> <key> <column name="PersonId" /> </key> <one-to-many class="Adress" /> </set> </class> my propblem is that when i set Adrees.Person with new object of person ,The collection person.Adresses doesn't update itself . should i update every end role of the association to be updated in the two both? another thing : if i updated the Fk manually like this : Adress.PersonId it doesn't break or change association. does this is Nhibernte behavior ? thanks in advance , i am waiting for your experiencies

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  • Simple Fluent NHibernate Mapping Problem

    - by user500038
    I have the following tables I need to map: +-------------------------+ | Person | +-------------------------+ | PersonId | | FullName | +-------------------------+ +-------------------------+ | PersonAddress | +-------------------------+ | PersonId | | AddressId | | IsDefault | +-------------------------+ +-------------------------+ | Address | +-------------------------+ | AddressId | | State | +-------------------------+ And the following classes: public class Person { public virtual int Id { get; set; } public virtual string FullName { get; set; } } public class PersonAddress { public virtual Person Person { get; set; } public virtual Address Address { get; set; } public virtual bool IsDefault { get; set; } } public class Address { public virtual int Id { get; set; } public virtual string State { get; set; } } And finally the mappings: public class PersonMap : ClassMap<Person> { public PersonMap() { Id(x => x.Id, "PersonId"); } } public class PersonAddressMap : ClassMap<PersonAddress> { public PersonAddressMap() { CompositeId().KeyProperty(x => x.Person, "PersonID") .KeyProperty(x => x.Address, "AddressID"); } } public class AddressMap: ClassMap<Address> { public AddressMap() { Id(x => x.Id, "AddressId"); } } Assume I cannot alter the tables. If I take the mapping class (PersonAddress) out of the equation, everything works fine. If I put it back in I get: Could not determine type for: Person, Person, Version=1.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null, for columns: NHibernate.Mapping.Column(PersonId) What am I missing here? I'm sure this must be simple.

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  • What should a hobbyist do to develop good programming skills after basics?

    - by thyrgle
    So I'll say right here that I'm no professional coder. I'm a hobbyist. And pretty much like other people I feel like I'm doing it wrong. Like this question A feeling that I'm not a good programmer if have began to feel like that. Now I know basically that they say you shouldn't worry and that your good even if you continuously doubt yourself. But, they are talking to him. I'm not like him (in the sense I'm more of a newbie)... I've been coding as a hobbyist for 3 years (3 hobbyist years mind you!) unlike his 10-11 years that he states. Also, the only thing I've probably read in-depth is Teach Yourself C++ in 21 Days. And before I continue, just so your not confused about the various questions I've posted on (mostly) iPhone and OpenGL, I have poked and prodded at those two things for a few months each and finally sort of got a hang of both of them. But, from what I've noticed, is that I suck at making good code. For me its not even a debate of whether I'm doing it wrong or not: I can tell (from the various spaghetti code I create and other various discrepancies I, and others, can see and have noted in my code). What is a good way to get rid of these awful habits of mine and do it in a more correct, or if there is no "correct way" then I mean "typical", way?

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  • Should xml represent a set or a list?

    - by sixtyfootersdude
    I always think of xml like a set data structure. Ie: <class> <person>john</person> <person>sarah</person> </class> Is equivalent to: <class> <person>sarah</person> <person>john</person> </class> Question One: Are these two things logicly equivalant? Are you allowed to make things like this in xml? <methodCall> <param>happy</param> <param>sad</param> </methodCall> Or do you need to do it like this: <methodCall> <param arg="1">happy</param> <param arg="2">sad</param> </methodCall> Question Two: Are these two things logically equivalent? Question Three: Is xml usually treated like a set or a list?

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  • Ordering the results of a Hibernate Criteria query by using information of the child entities of the

    - by pkainulainen
    I have got two entities Person and Book. Only one instance of a specific book is stored to the system (When a book is added, application checks if that book is already found before adding a new row to the database). Relevant source code of the entities is can be found below: @Entity @Table(name="persons") @SequenceGenerator(name="id_sequence", sequenceName="hibernate_sequence") public class Person extends BaseModel { @Id @Column(name = "id") @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.SEQUENCE, generator = "id_sequence") private Long id = null; @ManyToMany(targetEntity=Book.class) @JoinTable(name="persons_books", joinColumns = @JoinColumn( name="person_id"), inverseJoinColumns = @JoinColumn( name="book_id")) private List<Book> ownedBooks = new ArrayList<Book>(); } @Entity @Table(name="books") @SequenceGenerator(name="id_sequence", sequenceName="hibernate_sequence") public class Book extends BaseModel { @Id @Column(name = "id") @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.SEQUENCE, generator = "id_sequence") private Long id = null; @Column(name="name") private String name = null; } My problem is that I want to find persons, which are owning some of the books owned by a specific persons. The returned list of persons should be ordered by using following logic: The person owning most of the same books should be at the first of the list, second person of the the list does not own as many books as the first person, but more than the third person. The code of the method performing this query is added below: @Override public List<Person> searchPersonsWithSimilarBooks(Long[] bookIds) { Criteria similarPersonCriteria = this.getSession().createCriteria(Person.class); similarPersonCriteria.add(Restrictions.in("ownedBooks.id", bookIds)); //How to set the ordering? similarPersonCriteria.addOrder(null); return similarPersonCriteria.list(); } My question is that can this be done by using Hibernate? And if so, how it can be done? I know I could implement a Comparator, but I would prefer using Hibernate to solve this problem.

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  • Why is it possible to enumerate a LinqToSql query after calling Dispose() on the DataContext?

    - by DanM
    I'm using the Repository Pattern with some LinqToSql objects. My repository objects all implement IDisposable, and the Dispose() method does only thing--calls Dispose() on the DataContext. Whenever I use a repository, I wrap it in a using person, like this: public IEnumerable<Person> SelectPersons() { using (var repository = _repositorySource.GetNew<Person>(dc => dc.Person)) { return repository.GetAll(); } } This method returns an IEnumerable<Person>, so if my understanding is correct, no querying of the database actually takes place until Enumerable<Person> is traversed (e.g., by converting it to a list or array or by using it in a foreach loop), as in this example: var persons = gateway.SelectPersons(); // Dispose() is fired here var personViewModels = ( from b in persons select new PersonViewModel { Id = b.Id, Name = b.Name, Age = b.Age, OrdersCount = b.Order.Count() }).ToList(); // executes queries In this example, Dispose() gets called immediately after setting persons, which is an IEnumerable<Person>, and that's the only time it gets called. So, a couple questions: How does this work? How can a disposed DataContext still query the database for results when I walk the IEnumerable<Person>? What does Dispose() actually do? I've heard that it is not necessary (e.g., see this question) to dispose of a DataContext, but my impression was that it's not a bad idea. Is there any reason not to dispose of it?

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  • WCF – interchangeable data-contract types

    - by nmarun
    In a WSDL based environment, unlike a CLR-world, we pass around the ‘state’ of an object and not the reference of an object. Well firstly, what does ‘state’ mean and does this also mean that we can send a struct where a class is expected (or vice-versa) as long as their ‘state’ is one and the same? Let’s see. So I have an operation contract defined as below: 1: [ServiceContract] 2: public interface ILearnWcfServiceExtend : ILearnWcfService 3: { 4: [OperationContract] 5: Employee SaveEmployee(Employee employee); 6: } 7:  8: [ServiceBehavior] 9: public class LearnWcfService : ILearnWcfServiceExtend 10: { 11: public Employee SaveEmployee(Employee employee) 12: { 13: employee.EmployeeId = 123; 14: return employee; 15: } 16: } Quite simplistic operation there (which translates to ‘absolutely no business value’). Now, the data contract Employee mentioned above is a struct. 1: public struct Employee 2: { 3: public int EmployeeId { get; set; } 4:  5: public string FName { get; set; } 6: } After compilation and consumption of this service, my proxy (in the Reference.cs file) looks like below (I’ve ignored the rest of the details just to avoid unwanted confusion): 1: public partial struct Employee : System.Runtime.Serialization.IExtensibleDataObject, System.ComponentModel.INotifyPropertyChanged I call the service with the code below: 1: private static void CallWcfService() 2: { 3: Employee employee = new Employee { FName = "A" }; 4: Console.WriteLine("IsValueType: {0}", employee.GetType().IsValueType); 5: Console.WriteLine("IsClass: {0}", employee.GetType().IsClass); 6: Console.WriteLine("Before calling the service: {0} - {1}", employee.EmployeeId, employee.FName); 7: employee = LearnWcfServiceClient.SaveEmployee(employee); 8: Console.WriteLine("Return from the service: {0} - {1}", employee.EmployeeId, employee.FName); 9: } The output is: I now change my Employee type from a struct to a class in the proxy class and run the application: 1: public partial class Employee : System.Runtime.Serialization.IExtensibleDataObject, System.ComponentModel.INotifyPropertyChanged { The output this time is: The state of an object implies towards its composition, the properties and the values of these properties and not based on whether it is a reference type (class) or a value type (struct). And as shown above, we’re actually passing an object by its state and not by reference. Continuing on the same topic of ‘type-interchangeability’, WCF treats two data contracts as equivalent if they have the same ‘wire-representation’. We can do so using the DataContract and DataMember attributes’ Name property. 1: [DataContract] 2: public struct Person 3: { 4: [DataMember] 5: public int Id { get; set; } 6:  7: [DataMember] 8: public string FirstName { get; set; } 9: } 10:  11: [DataContract(Name="Person")] 12: public class Employee 13: { 14: [DataMember(Name = "Id")] 15: public int EmployeeId { get; set; } 16:  17: [DataMember(Name="FirstName")] 18: public string FName { get; set; } 19: } I’ve created two data contracts with the exact same wire-representation. Just remember that the names and the types of data members need to match to be considered equivalent. The question then arises as to what gets generated in the proxy class. Despite us declaring two data contracts (Person and Employee), only one gets emitted – Person. This is because we’re saying that the Employee type has the same wire-representation as the Person type. Also that the signature of the SaveEmployee operation gets changed on the proxy side: 1: [System.CodeDom.Compiler.GeneratedCodeAttribute("System.ServiceModel", "4.0.0.0")] 2: [System.ServiceModel.ServiceContractAttribute(ConfigurationName="ServiceProxy.ILearnWcfServiceExtend")] 3: public interface ILearnWcfServiceExtend 4: { 5: [System.ServiceModel.OperationContractAttribute(Action="http://tempuri.org/ILearnWcfServiceExtend/SaveEmployee", ReplyAction="http://tempuri.org/ILearnWcfServiceExtend/SaveEmployeeResponse")] 6: ClientApplication.ServiceProxy.Person SaveEmployee(ClientApplication.ServiceProxy.Person employee); 7: } But, on the service side, the SaveEmployee still accepts and returns an Employee data contract. 1: [ServiceBehavior] 2: public class LearnWcfService : ILearnWcfServiceExtend 3: { 4: public Employee SaveEmployee(Employee employee) 5: { 6: employee.EmployeeId = 123; 7: return employee; 8: } 9: } Despite all these changes, our output remains the same as the last one: This is type-interchangeability at work! Here’s one more thing to ponder about. Our Person type is a struct and Employee type is a class. Then how is it that the Person type got emitted as a ‘class’ in the proxy? It’s worth mentioning that WSDL describes a type called Employee and does not say whether it is a class or a struct (see the SOAP message below): 1: <soapenv:Envelope xmlns:soapenv="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/" 2: xmlns:tem="http://tempuri.org/" 3: xmlns:ser="http://schemas.datacontract.org/2004/07/ServiceApplication"> 4: <soapenv:Header/> 5: <soapenv:Body> 6: <tem:SaveEmployee> 7: <!--Optional:--> 8: <tem:employee> 9: <!--Optional:--> 10: <ser:EmployeeId>?</ser:EmployeeId> 11: <!--Optional:--> 12: <ser:FName>?</ser:FName> 13: </tem:employee> 14: </tem:SaveEmployee> 15: </soapenv:Body> 16: </soapenv:Envelope> There are some differences between how ‘Add Service Reference’ and the svcutil.exe generate the proxy class, but turns out both do some kind of reflection and determine the type of the data contract and emit the code accordingly. So since the Employee type is a class, the proxy ‘Person’ type gets generated as a class. In fact, reflecting on svcutil.exe application, you’ll see that there are a couple of places wherein a flag actually determines a type as a class or a struct. One example is in the ExportISerializableDataContract method in the System.Runtime.Serialization.CodeExporter class. Seems like these flags have a say in deciding whether the type gets emitted as a struct or a class. This behavior is different if you use the WSDL tool though. WSDL tool does not do any kind of reflection of the data contract / serialized type, it emits the type as a class by default. You can check this using the two command lines below:   Note to self: Remember ‘state’ and type-interchangeability when traversing through the WSDL planet!

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  • Creating vCard action result

    - by DigiMortal
    I added support for vCards to one of my ASP.NET MVC applications. I worked vCard support out as very simple and intelligent solution that fits perfectly to ASP.NET MVC applications. In this posting I will show you how to send vCards out as response to ASP.NET MVC request. We need three things: some vCard class, vCard action result, controller method to test vCard action result. Everything is very simple, let’s get hands on. vCard class As first thing we need vCard class. Last year I introduced vCard class that supports also images. Let’s take this class because it is easy to use and some dirty work is already done for us. NB! Take a look at ASP.NET example in the blog posting referred above. We need it later when we close the topic. Now think about how useful blogging and information sharing with others can be. With this class available at public I saved pretty much time now. :) vCardResult As we have vCard it is now time to write action result that we can use in our controllers. Here’s the code. public class vCardResult : ActionResult {     private vCard _card;       protected vCardResult() { }       public vCardResult(vCard card)     {         _card = card;     }       public override void ExecuteResult(ControllerContext context)     {         var response = context.HttpContext.Response;         response.ContentType = "text/vcard";         response.AddHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment; fileName=" + _card.FirstName + " " + _card.LastName + ".vcf");           var cardString = _card.ToString();         var inputEncoding = Encoding.Default;         var outputEncoding = Encoding.GetEncoding("windows-1257");         var cardBytes = inputEncoding.GetBytes(cardString);           var outputBytes = Encoding.Convert(inputEncoding,                                 outputEncoding, cardBytes);           response.OutputStream.Write(outputBytes, 0, outputBytes.Length);     } } And we are done. Some notes: vCard is sent to browser as downloadable file (user can save or open it with Outlook or any other e-mail client that supports vCards), File name is made of first and last name of contact. Encoding is important because Outlook may not understand vCards otherwise (don’t know if this problem is solved in Outlook 2010). Using vCardResult in controller Now let’s tale a look at simple controller method that accepts person ID and returns vCardResult. public class ContactsController : Controller {       // ... other controller methods ...       public vCardResult vCard(int id)     {         var person = _partyRepository.GetPersonById(id);         var card = new vCard                 {                     FirstName=person.FirstName,                     LastName = person.LastName,                     StreetAddress = person.StreetAddress,                     City = person.City,                     CountryName = person.Country.Name,                       Mobile = person.Mobile,                     Phone = person.Phone,                     Email = person.Email,                 };           return new vCardResult(card);     } } Now you can run Visual Studio and check out how your vCard is moving from your web application to your e-mail client. Conclusion We took old code that worked well with ASP.NET Forms and we divided it into action result and controller method that uses vCard as bridge between our controller and action result. All functionality is located where it should be and we did nothing complex. We wrote only couple of lines of very easy code to achieve our goal. Do you understand now why I love ASP.NET MVC? :)

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  • Is there any good programming books forum out there?

    - by prosseek
    I always feel the internet forums are a good way to gain knowledge - asking questions and get some answers from everybody, and SO is a great example. But when I get questions reading some programming books, I wonder to whom can I ask the questions. O'Reilly and PragProg have their own book forums, and some authors open their own forums. Or, we might be able to send an email to the author if that is absolutely necessary. Is there any good forum on programming books? Can you share any good programming book forums on the web? Or, is SO the best place to ask some questions in programming books? I found some book reading forums, but not programming books.

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  • Increasing speed of python code

    - by Curious2learn
    Hi, I have some python code that has many classes. I used cProfile to find that the total time to run the program is 68 seconds. I found that the following function in a class called Buyers takes about 60 seconds of those 68 seconds. I have to run the program about 100 times, so any increase in speed will help. Can you suggest ways to increase the speed by modifying the code? If you need more information that will help, please let me know. def qtyDemanded(self, timePd, priceVector): '''Returns quantity demanded in period timePd. In addition, also updates the list of customers and non-customers. Inputs: timePd and priceVector Output: count of people for whom priceVector[-1] < utility ''' ## Initialize count of customers to zero ## Set self.customers and self.nonCustomers to empty lists price = priceVector[-1] count = 0 self.customers = [] self.nonCustomers = [] for person in self.people: if person.utility >= price: person.customer = 1 self.customers.append(person) else: person.customer = 0 self.nonCustomers.append(person) return len(self.customers) self.people is a list of person objects. Each person has customer and utility as its attributes. EDIT - responsed added ------------------------------------- Thanks so much for the suggestions. Here is the response to some questions and suggestions people have kindly made. I have not tried them all, but will try others and write back later. (1) @amber - the function is accessed 80,000 times. (2) @gnibbler and others - self.people is a list of Person objects in memory. Not connected to a database. (3) @Hugh Bothwell cumtime taken by the original function - 60.8 s (accessed 80000 times) cumtime taken by the new function with local function aliases as suggested - 56.4 s (accessed 80000 times) (4) @rotoglup and @Martin Thomas I have not tried your solutions yet. I need to check the rest of the code to see the places where I use self.customers before I can make the change of not appending the customers to self.customers list. But I will try this and write back. (5) @TryPyPy - thanks for your kind offer to check the code. Let me first read a little on the suggestions you have made to see if those will be feasible to use. EDIT 2 Some suggested that since I am flagging the customers and noncustomers in the self.people, I should try without creating separate lists of self.customers and self.noncustomers using append. Instead, I should loop over the self.people to find the number of customers. I tried the following code and timed both functions below f_w_append and f_wo_append. I did find that the latter takes less time, but it is still 96% of the time taken by the former. That is, it is a very small increase in the speed. @TryPyPy - The following piece of code is complete enough to check the bottleneck function, in case your offer is still there to check it with other compilers. Thanks again to everyone who replied. import numpy class person(object): def __init__(self, util): self.utility = util self.customer = 0 class population(object): def __init__(self, numpeople): self.people = [] self.cus = [] self.noncus = [] numpy.random.seed(1) utils = numpy.random.uniform(0, 300, numpeople) for u in utils: per = person(u) self.people.append(per) popn = population(300) def f_w_append(): '''Function with append''' P = 75 cus = [] noncus = [] for per in popn.people: if per.utility >= P: per.customer = 1 cus.append(per) else: per.customer = 0 noncus.append(per) return len(cus) def f_wo_append(): '''Function without append''' P = 75 for per in popn.people: if per.utility >= P: per.customer = 1 else: per.customer = 0 numcustomers = 0 for per in popn.people: if per.customer == 1: numcustomers += 1 return numcustomers

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  • Can 3D OpenGL game written in Python look good and run fast?

    - by praavDa
    I am planning to write an simple 3d(isometric view) game in Java using jMonkeyEngine - nothing to fancy, I just want to learn something about OpenGL and writing efficient algorithms (random map generating ones). When I was planning what to do, I started wondering about switching to Python. I know that Python didn't come into existence to be a tool to write 3d games, but is it possible to write good looking games with this language? I have in mind 3d graphics, nice effects and free CPU time to power to rest of game engine? I had seen good looking java games - and too be honest, I was rather shocked when I saw level of detail achieved in Runescape HD. On the other hand, pygame.org has only 2d games, with some starting 3d projects. Are there any efficient 3d game engines for python? Is pyopengl the only alternative? Good looking games in python aren't popular or possible to achieve? I would be grateful for any information / feedback.

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