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  • how to improve concepts for interview

    - by Rahul Mehta
    Hi, I had given the interview , and interviewer tell me to improve the concepts , e.g. he ask me type of array ,and i answered two types of array simple array and associative array . e.g. 2 he ask me why you use pdo , and i answered we can use any database e.g. oracle , mysql and it helps in sql injection , then he ask me how it helps in sql injection then i was not having correct answer. e.g. 3 he ask me about persistent connection , i just use the mysql_pconnect i dont where it will be used and how . is there is any standard way to follow to improve concepts. Please suggest . Thanks

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  • Perfomance of 8 bit operations on 64 bit architechture

    - by wobbily_col
    I am usually a Python / Database programmer, and I am considering using C for a problem. I have a set of sequences, 8 characters long with 4 possible characters. My problem involves combining sets of these sequences and filtering which sets match a criteria. The combinations of 5 run into billions of rows and takes around an hour to run. So I can represent each sequence as 2 bytes. If I am working on a 64 bit architechture will I gain any advantage by keeping these data structures as 2 bytes when I generate the combinations, or will I be as well storing them as 8 bytes / double ? (64 bit = 8 x 8) If I am on a 64 bit architecture, all registers will be 64 bit, so in terms of operations that shouldn´t be any faster (please correct me if I am wrong). Will I gain anything from the smaller storage requirements - can I fit more combinations in memory, or will they all take up 64 bits anyway? And finally, am I likley to gain anything coding in C. I have a first version, which stores the sequence as a small int in a MySQL database. It then self joins the tabe to itself a number of times in order to generate all the possible combinations. The performance is acceptable, depending on how many combinations are generated. I assume the database must involve some overhead.

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  • How to explain OOP concepts to a non technical person?

    - by John
    I often try to avoid telling people I'm a programmer because most of the time I end up explaining to them what that really means. When I tell them I'm programming in Java they often ask general questions about the language and how it differs from x and y. I'm also not good at explaining things because 1) I don't have that much experience in the field and 2) I really hate explaining things to non-technical people. They say that you truly understand things once you explain them to someone else, in this case how would you explain OOP terminology and concepts to a non technical person?

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  • What are some concepts people should understand before programming "big" projects?

    - by Abafei
    A person new to programming may be able to make a good small program. However, when starting to work on anything bigger than a small (think 1 C source file or Python module) program, there are some general concepts which become much more important when working on "big" (think many Python modules or C files) programs; one example is modularity, another is having a set aim. Some of these may be obvious to people who went to school to learn programming; however, people like me who did not go to programming classes sometimes have to learn these things from experience, possibly creating failed projects in the meantime. ================================================== Please explain what the concept is, and why the concept becomes more important for big programs than by small programs. Please give only 1 concept per answer.

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  • OAGi Architecture Council OAGIS Ten Work Group Completes first round review of Concepts for OAGIS Te

    - by michael.rowell
    Today the OAGi Architecture Council OAGIS Ten Work group completed the first level review of concepts for existing content for OAGIS Ten. This is one of the first milestones for OAGIS Ten. In doing this the concepts of key objects (the Nouns) have been identified along with the key context for their use. While OAGIS Ten remains a work-in-process the work group shows progress. Going forward the other councils will provide additional input to these and there own concepts and the contexts for each. Additionally, sub groups will focus on concepts for given domains. Stay tuned for future progress. If anyone is interested in joining the effort. OAGi membership is open to anyone, please see the OAGi Web site.

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  • Correct Interactive Website System Design Concepts / Methods?

    - by Xandel
    Hi all, I hope this question isn't too open ended, but a nudge in the right direction is all I need! I am currently building an online accounting system - the idea is that users can register, log in, and then create customers, generate invoices and other documents and eventually print / email those documents out. I am a Java programmer but unfortunately haven't had too much experience in web projects and their design concepts... This is what I have got thus far - A Tomcat web server which loads Spring. Spring handles my DAO's and required classes for the business logic. Tomcat serves JSP's containing the pages which make up the website. To make it interactive I have used JavaScript in the pages (jQuery and its AJAX calls) to send and receive JSON data (this is done by posting to a page which calls a handleAction() method in one of my classes). My question is, am I tackling this project in the right way? Am I using the right tools and methods? I understand there are literally countless ways of tackling any project but I would really love to get feedback with regards to tried and tested methods, general practices etc. Thanks in advance! Xandel

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  • What problems can arise from emulating concepts from another languages?

    - by Vandell
    I've read many times on the web that if your language doesn't support some concept, for example, object orientation, or maybe function calls, and it's considered a good practice in this other context, you should do it. The only problem I can see now is that other programmers may find your code too different than the usual, making it hard for them to program. What other problems do you think may arise from this?

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  • Basic game architechture best practices in Cocos2D on iOS

    - by MrDatabase
    Consider the following simple game: 20 squares floating around an iPhone's screen. Tapping a square causes that square to disappear. What's the "best practices" way to set this up in Cocos2D? Here's my plan so far: One Objective-c GameState singleton class (maintains list of active squares) One CCScene (since there's no menus etc) One CCLayer (child node of the scene) Many CCSprite nodes (one for each square, all child nodes of the layer) Each sprite listens for a tap on itself. Receive tap = remove from GameState Since I'm relatively new to Cocos2D I'd like some feedback on this design. For example I'm unsure of the GameState singleton. Perhaps it's unnecessary.

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  • Concepts: Channel vs. Stream

    - by hotzen
    Hello, is there a conceptual difference between the terms "Channel" and "Stream"? Do the terms require/determine, for example, the allowed number of concurrent Consumers or Producers? I'm currently developing a Channel/Stream of DataFlowVariables, which may be written by one producer and read by one consumer as the implementation is destructive/mutable. Would this be a Channel or Stream, is there any difference at all? Thanks

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  • Concepts a web application developer should know?

    - by iama
    I think it is imperative for web application developers to know the answers surrounding the following general questions on web development irrespective of the programming language/framework used. What authentication mechanisms HTTP offer & what are their pros and cons? Why should one go for FORMS authentication? How to secure authentication or for that matter any transactions via HTTP? How to maintain state in HTTP? What are the downsides to maintaining state via cookie & what happens when browsers disable them? Security issues like cross site scripting, session hijacking etc. What other questions a web developer should have answers for similar to the ones above that are programming language/web framework agnostic?

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  • SQL SERVER – Core Concepts – Elasticity, Scalability and ACID Properties – Exploring NuoDB an Elastically Scalable Database System

    - by pinaldave
    I have been recently exploring Elasticity and Scalability attributes of databases. You can see that in my earlier blog posts about NuoDB where I wanted to look at Elasticity and Scalability concepts. The concepts are very interesting, and intriguing as well. I have discussed these concepts with my friend Joyti M and together we have come up with this interesting read. The goal of this article is to answer following simple questions What is Elasticity? What is Scalability? How ACID properties vary from NOSQL Concepts? What are the prevailing problems in the current database system architectures? Why is NuoDB  an innovative and welcome change in database paradigm? Elasticity This word’s original form is used in many different ways and honestly it does do a decent job in holding things together over the years as a person grows and contracts. Within the tech world, and specifically related to software systems (database, application servers), it has come to mean a few things - allow stretching of resources without reaching the breaking point (on demand). What are resources in this context? Resources are the usual suspects – RAM/CPU/IO/Bandwidth in the form of a container (a process or bunch of processes combined as modules). When it is about increasing resources the simplest idea which comes to mind is the addition of another container. Another container means adding a brand new physical node. When it is about adding a new node there are two questions which comes to mind. 1) Can we add another node to our software system? 2) If yes, does adding new node cause downtime for the system? Let us assume we have added new node, let us see what the new needs of the system are when a new node is added. Balancing incoming requests to multiple nodes Synchronization of a shared state across multiple nodes Identification of “downstate” and resolution action to bring it to “upstate” Well, adding a new node has its advantages as well. Here are few of the positive points Throughput can increase nearly horizontally across the node throughout the system Response times of application will increase as in-between layer interactions will be improved Now, Let us put the above concepts in the perspective of a Database. When we mention the term “running out of resources” or “application is bound to resources” the resources can be CPU, Memory or Bandwidth. The regular approach to “gain scalability” in the database is to look around for bottlenecks and increase the bottlenecked resource. When we have memory as a bottleneck we look at the data buffers, locks, query plans or indexes. After a point even this is not enough as there needs to be an efficient way of managing such large workload on a “single machine” across memory and CPU bound (right kind of scheduling)  workload. We next move on to either read/write separation of the workload or functionality-based sharing so that we still have control of the individual. But this requires lots of planning and change in client systems in terms of knowing where to go/update/read and for reporting applications to “aggregate the data” in an intelligent way. What we ideally need is an intelligent layer which allows us to do these things without us getting into managing, monitoring and distributing the workload. Scalability In the context of database/applications, scalability means three main things Ability to handle normal loads without pressure E.g. X users at the Y utilization of resources (CPU, Memory, Bandwidth) on the Z kind of hardware (4 processor, 32 GB machine with 15000 RPM SATA drives and 1 GHz Network switch) with T throughput Ability to scale up to expected peak load which is greater than normal load with acceptable response times Ability to provide acceptable response times across the system E.g. Response time in S milliseconds (or agreed upon unit of measure) – 90% of the time The Issue – Need of Scale In normal cases one can plan for the load testing to test out normal, peak, and stress scenarios to ensure specific hardware meets the needs. With help from Hardware and Software partners and best practices, bottlenecks can be identified and requisite resources added to the system. Unfortunately this vertical scale is expensive and difficult to achieve and most of the operational people need the ability to scale horizontally. This helps in getting better throughput as there are physical limits in terms of adding resources (Memory, CPU, Bandwidth and Storage) indefinitely. Today we have different options to achieve scalability: Read & Write Separation The idea here is to do actual writes to one store and configure slaves receiving the latest data with acceptable delays. Slaves can be used for balancing out reads. We can also explore functional separation or sharing as well. We can separate data operations by a specific identifier (e.g. region, year, month) and consolidate it for reporting purposes. For functional separation the major disadvantage is when schema changes or workload pattern changes. As the requirement grows one still needs to deal with scale need in manual ways by providing an abstraction in the middle tier code. Using NOSQL solutions The idea is to flatten out the structures in general to keep all values which are retrieved together at the same store and provide flexible schema. The issue with the stores is that they are compromising on mostly consistency (no ACID guarantees) and one has to use NON-SQL dialect to work with the store. The other major issue is about education with NOSQL solutions. Would one really want to make these compromises on the ability to connect and retrieve in simple SQL manner and learn other skill sets? Or for that matter give up on ACID guarantee and start dealing with consistency issues? Hybrid Deployment – Mac, Linux, Cloud, and Windows One of the challenges today that we see across On-premise vs Cloud infrastructure is a difference in abilities. Take for example SQL Azure – it is wonderful in its concepts of throttling (as it is shared deployment) of resources and ability to scale using federation. However, the same abilities are not available on premise. This is not a mistake, mind you – but a compromise of the sweet spot of workloads, customer requirements and operational SLAs which can be supported by the team. In today’s world it is imperative that databases are available across operating systems – which are a commodity and used by developers of all hues. An Ideal Database Ability List A system which allows a linear scale of the system (increase in throughput with reasonable response time) with the addition of resources A system which does not compromise on the ACID guarantees and require developers to learn new paradigms A system which does not force fit a new way interacting with database by learning Non-SQL dialect A system which does not force fit its mechanisms for providing availability across its various modules. Well NuoDB is the first database which has all of the above abilities and much more. In future articles I will cover my hands-on experience with it. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.SQLAuthority.com) Filed under: PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL, Technology Tagged: NuoDB

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  • Customer Concepts TV

    - by Richard Lefebvre
    Eliminate the Guesswork in Your Customer's Sales Organization Selling is the lifeblood of every business. In the past, companies would increase headcount to boost sales. In today’s business environment, companies need to re-evaluate the way in which they sell. Sales and marketing organisations must optimise performance, increase team productivity and focus on the best opportunities. Oracle Fusion CRM has been specifically designed with tools to help sales and marketing teams improve efficiency and drive revenue. Territory modeling and management, quota and commission management, collaborative features, real-time customer information and mobile device integration are just some features incorporated. Join us on Customer Concepts TV as we aim to help you find the right strategy for your prospect and customers. Whether they already have a CRM solution in place or are looking for the next level of CRM implementation, this online TV show will give you very practical advice that can help you to make the most out of your CRM implementation.Register now to reserve your spot for this exclusive, live-stream event. Customer Concepts TV comes to you on April 24. Watch the Customer Concepts TV trailer here

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  • Implementing a chat program and thus involving majority of networking concepts [closed]

    - by Anisha Kaul
    Logging the chat messages on the client side. Registration of ALL clients on the server on their start up. Client should be able to add another client on his list for chatting. Server should be able to switch between clients on the basis of FCFS (multithreading). When a client logs in from other side, its friend client should be able to see it online. Now, to add to this, there can be things like sharing text/voice/video files etc, but then the focus will be on compression majorly. With the chat program, my intention is to learn the majority of "networking" concepts. What else, can be implemented (in this chat program) which can brush up my "networking" concepts?

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  • Watch Customer Concepts TV and Find Out How Leading Organizations Are Creating Engaging Customer Journeys

    - by Jeri Kelley
    The customer journey has changed dramatically. Customers have far more knowledge and far more power. Managing the new customer experience isn’t just about increasing profitability. For many organizations it’s about survival.  To survive, organizations must deliver relevant, personalized experiences that engage customers at each step in their journey, but where do organizations start? ??To learn more, I’m looking forward to tomorrow's Customer Concepts Web TV show.   On October 23rd, experts from Oracle and various successful businesses such as Euroffice will discuss how the customer journey has fundamentally changed and will share best practices for adapting your organization so you can truly engage customers. These Customer Concepts Web TV programs are an excellent way of keeping up with the very latest thinking in the field of customer experience.  Register for tomorrow’s event now at: http://bit.ly/RqPSL3

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  • Chapter One - Concepts/Requirements (The Fundamentals)

    - by drsql
    So here we are, the starting chapter with the obligatory introductory material that I hope people will read, digest, memorize and really take to heart.  I also realize that that is pretty unlikely. In fact, the first two chapters are kind of like that. First I introduce concepts, and in the next chapter I show how to draw pretty pictures of those concepts. Then comes normalization and after that we really start doing some modeling. In this chapter I am going to cover the basic stuff that you...(read more)

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  • Organizational characteristics that impact the selection of Development Methodology concepts applied to a project

    Based on my experience, no one really follows a specific methodology exactly as it is formally designed. In fact, the key concepts of a few methodologies are usually combined to form a hybrid methodology for each project based on the current organizational makeup and the project need/requirements to be accomplished. Organizational characteristics that impact the selection of methodology concepts applied to a project. Prior subject knowledge pertaining to a project can be critical when deciding on what methodology or combination of methodologies to apply to a project. For example, if a project is very straight forward, and the development staff has experience in developing  that are similar, then the waterfall method could possibly be the best choice because little to no research is needed  in order to complete the project tasks and there is very little need for changes to occur.  On the other hand, if the development staff has limited subject knowledge or the requirements/specification of the project could possibly change as the project progresses then the use of spiral, iterative, incremental, agile, or any combination would be preferred. The previous methodologies used by an organization typically do not change much from project to project unless the needs of a project dictate differently. For example, if the waterfall method is the preferred development methodology then most projects will be developed by the waterfall method. Depending on the time allotted to a project each day can impact the selection of a development methodology. In one example, if the staff can only devote a few hours a day to a project then the incremental methodology might be ideal because modules can be added to the final project as they are developed. On the other hand, if daily time allocation is not an issue, then a multitude of methodologies could work well for a project. Project characteristics that impact the selection of methodology concepts applied to a project. The type of project being developed can often dictate the type of methodology used for the project. Based on my experience, projects that tend to have a lot of user interaction, follow a more iterative, incremental, or agile approach typically using a prototype that develops into a final project. These methodologies desire back and forth communication between users, clients, and developers to allow for requirements to change and functionality to be enhanced. Conversely, limited interaction applications or automated services can still sometimes get away with using the waterfall or transactional approach. The timeline of a project can also force an organization to prefer a particular methodology over the rest. For instance, if the project must be completed within 24 hours, then there is very little time for discussions back and forth between clients, users and the development team. In this scenario, the waterfall method would be perfect because the only interaction with the client occurs prior to a development project to outline the system requirements, and the development team can quickly move through the software development stages in order to complete the project within the deadline. If the team had more time, then the other methodologies could also be considered because there is more time for client and users to review the project and make changes as they see fit, and/or allow for more time to review the project in order to enhance the business performance and functionality. Sometimes the client and or user involvement can dictate the selection of methodologies applied to a project. One example of this is if a client is highly motivated to get a project completed and desires to play an active part in the development process then the agile development approach would work perfectly with this client because it allows for frequent interaction between clients, users and the development team. The inverse of this situation is a client that just wants to provide the project requirements and only wants to get involved when the project is to be delivered. In this case the waterfall method would work well because there is no room for changes and no back and forth between the users, clients or the development team.

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  • When do domain concepts become application constructs?

    - by Noren
    I recently posted a question regarding recovering a DDD architecture that became an anemic domain model into a multitier architecture and this question is a follow-on of sorts. My question is when do domain concepts become application constructs. My application is a local client C# 4/WPF with the following architecture: Presentation Layer Views ViewModels Business Layer ??? Domain Layer Classes that take the POCOs with primitive types and create domain concepts (e.g. image, layer, etc) Sanity checks values (e.g. image width 0) Interfaces for DTOs Interface for a repository that abstracts the filesystem Data Access Layer Classes that parse the proprietary binary files into POCOs with primitive types by explicit knowledge of the file format Implementation of domain DTOs Implementation of domain repository class Local Filesystem Proprietary binary files When does the MyImageType domain class with Int32 width, height, and Int32[] pixels become a System.Windows.Media.ImageDrawing? If I put it in the domain layer, it seems like implemenation details are being leaked (what if I didn't want to use WPF?). If I put it in the presentation layer, it seems like it's doing too much. If I create a business layer, it seems like it would be doing too little since there are few "rules" given the CRUD nature of the application. I think all of my reading has lead to analysis paralysis, so I thought fresh eyes might lend some perspective.

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  • APress Deal of the Day - 30/Nov/2011 - Moving to VB .NET Strategies, Concepts, and Code

    - by TATWORTH
    Today's $10 Deal of the day from APress at  is Dan Appleman's "Moving to VB .NET Strategies, Concepts, and Code"."Visual Basic guru Dan Appleman exposes the reality behind the VB .NET hype, and shows you how to evaluate this technology in the context of your specific problems."Considering the vast amount of VB6 still in use, this book from 2001 will be of immense help to all tasked with converting Vb6 to VB.NET or C#.

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  • Customer Concepts Magazine issue 7

    - by Richard Lefebvre
    Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 Why should you integrate social into your key sales, marketing, commerce and service processes for a great customer experience? Find out how to get social success from the latest edition of Oracle Customer Concepts Magazine here

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  • Resources on concepts/theory behind GUI development?

    - by ShrimpCrackers
    I was wondering if there were any resources that explain concepts/theory behind GUI development. I don't mean a resource that explains how to use a GUI library, but rather how to create your own widgets. For example a resource that explains different methods on how to implement scrollable listboxes. I ask because I have an idea for a game tool where I would like to create my own widgets and let users drag and drop them onto some kind of form. How do GUI libraries usually draw widgets? I'm not sure if reskinning widgets from a GUI library fits my needs, since widget behavior needs to be dynamic based on user interaction.

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